Verfügbarkeit: Liquid chromatography.

Liquid chromatography.: Volume 1, Fundamentals and instrumentation /

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Weitere Verfasser:	Fanali, Salvatore (HerausgeberIn), Haddad, Paul R. (HerausgeberIn), Poole, Colin F. (HerausgeberIn), Riekkola, Marja-Liisa (HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Elektronisch E-Book
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2017]
Ausgabe:	Second edition.
Schlagworte:	Liquid chromatography. Chromatography, Liquid Chromatographie en phase liquide. liquid chromatography. SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic Liquid chromatography
Online-Zugang:	Volltext Volltext
Beschreibung:	Includes index.
Beschreibung:	1 online resource.
ISBN:	9780128093450 0128093455

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MARC


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245	0	0	\|a Liquid chromatography. \|n Volume 1, \|p Fundamentals and instrumentation / \|c edited by Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola.
246	3	0	\|a Fundamentals and instrumentation
250			\|a Second edition.
264		1	\|a Amsterdam, Netherlands : \|b Elsevier, \|c [2017]
300			\|a 1 online resource.
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505	0		\|a Front Cover -- Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Milestones in the development of liquid chromatography -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Developments Before 1960 -- 1.1.2 HPLC at the Beginning -- 1.2 HPLC Theory and Practice -- 1.2.1 New HPLC Modes and Techniques -- 1.2.2 Selection of Conditions for the Control of Selectivity -- 1.3 Columns -- 1.3.1 Particles and Column Packing -- 1.3.2 Stationary Phases and Selectivity -- 1.4 Equipment -- 1.5 Detectors -- Apologies and Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Kinetic theories of liquid chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macroscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.2.1 Lumped Kinetic Model -- 2.2.1.1 van Deemter plate height equation -- 2.2.2 General Rate Model -- 2.2.2.1 General rate model for monolith columns -- 2.2.2.2 General rate model for core-shell particles -- 2.2.2.3 Moment analysis -- 2.2.3 Lumped Pore Diffusion Model -- 2.2.4 Equivalence of the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- 2.2.5 Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.3 Microscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.3.1 Stochastic Model -- 2.3.1.1 Stochastic-dispersive model -- First passage time -- 2.3.2 Giddings Plate Height Equation -- 2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.4 Comparison of the Microscopic and the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Column technology in liquid chromatography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Column Design and Hardware -- 3.2.1 Column History in Brief -- 3.2.2 Column Hardware -- 3.2.3 Column Miniaturization -- 3.3 Column Packing Materials and Stationary Phases -- 3.3.1 Terminology -- 3.3.2 Classification of LC Columns -- 3.3.3 Packing Materials [21] -- 3.3.3.1 Particle shape, size, and size distribution -- 3.3.3.2 Pore structure parameters.
505	8		\|a 3.3.3.3 Surface functionalization of silica-the key to gaining selectivity -- 3.3.3.4 Surface functionalization of silica-the way to bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4 Major Synthesis Routes -- 3.3.4.1 Physicochemical characterization of bonded silica -- 3.3.4.2 Column packing procedures for analytical columns -- 3.3.4.3 Examples for selective bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4.4 The potential of multimodal or multifunctional bonded columns -- 3.4 Column Systems and Operations -- 3.4.1 Choice of Average Particle Size and Column Internal Diameter -- 3.4.2 Equilibration Time -- 3.4.3 Choice of Optimum-Flow Conditions -- 3.4.4 Column Back Pressure -- 3.4.5 Choice of Column Temperature -- 3.4.6 Column Capacity and Loadability -- 3.5 Chromatographic Column Testing and Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Chromatographic Testing -- 3.5.1.1 Hydrophobicity -- 3.5.1.2 Silanophilic activity -- 3.5.1.3 Polar selectivity -- 3.5.1.4 Shape selectivity -- 3.5.1.5 Metal content -- 3.6 Column Maintenance and Troubleshooting -- 3.6.1 Silica-Based Columns -- 3.6.1.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.2 pH Stability -- 3.6.3 Mechanical Stability -- 3.6.4 Mobile Phases (Eluents) -- 3.6.4.1 Proper storage of HPLC columns -- 3.6.4.2 Regeneration of a column -- 3.6.5 Regeneration of RP Packings -- 3.6.6 Polymer-Based Columns -- 3.6.6.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.7 Hydrophobic Unmodified Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene (Ps-Dvb) -- 3.6.8 Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers -- 3.6.9 Regeneration of Polymer Materials -- 3.7 Today's Column Market-an Evaluation, Comparison, and Critical Appraisal -- 3.7.1 Development During 2000-16 -- 3.7.2 A Column Comparison -- 3.8 Conclusion: Where Do We Go Next? Science vs. Market -- References -- Chapter 4: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Features -- 4.2.1 Solvent Strength -- 4.2.2 Exothermodynamic Relationships.
505	8		\|a 4.2.3 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.3 System Considerations -- 4.3.1 Interphase Model -- 4.3.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Linear Free Energy Relationships -- 4.4.1 Solvation Parameter Model -- 4.4.1.1 Analysis of system constants -- 4.4.1.2 Pore dewetting -- 4.4.1.3 Steric resistance and shape selectivity -- 4.4.1.4 Electrostatic interactions -- 4.4.1.5 Gradient elution -- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Secondary chemical equilibria in reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Acid-Base Equilibria -- 5.2.1 Changes in Retention With pH -- 5.2.2 Buffers and Measurement of pH -- 5.3 Ion Interaction Chromatography -- 5.3.1 Retention Mechanism -- 5.3.2 Common Reagents and Operational Modes -- 5.3.3 Separation of Inorganic Anions -- 5.3.4 The Silanol Effect and Its Suppression With Amine Compounds -- 5.3.5 Use of Perfluorinated Carboxylate Anions and Chaotropic Ions as Additives -- 5.3.6 Use of ILs as Additives -- 5.3.7 Measurement of the Enhancement of Column Performance Using Additives -- 5.4 Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.1 An Additional Secondary Equilibrium in the Mobile Phase -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.3 Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Metal Complexation -- 5.5.1 Determination of Metal Ions -- 5.5.2 Determination of Organic Compounds -- 5.6 Use of Redox Reactions -- References -- Chapter 6: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of HILIC -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 6.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.3 Stationary and mobile phases commonly employed in HILIC -- 6.3.1 Stationary Phases -- 6.3.1.1 Silica gel -- 6.3.1.2 Chemically bonded phases -- 6.3.1.3 Ion exchange and zwitterionic stationary phase -- 6.3.1.4 Hydrophilic macromolecules bonded phases.
505	8		\|a 6.3.1.5 Surface-confined ionic liquids stationary phases -- 6.3.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.4 Applications -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrophobic Interactions and Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 7.2.2 Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.3 Parameters That Affect HIC -- 7.3.1 Stationary Phase -- 7.3.1.1 Base matrix -- 7.3.1.2 Ligands -- 7.3.2 Mobile Phase -- 7.3.2.1 Type and concentration of salt -- 7.3.2.2 pH -- 7.3.2.3 Additives -- 7.3.2.4 Temperature -- 7.3.3 Biomolecules Hydrophobicity -- 7.4 Purification Strategies -- 7.5 Experimental Considerations -- 7.6 Recent Selected Applications -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Liquid-solid chromatography -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Retention and Separation -- 8.2.1 The Retention Process ("Mechanism") -- 8.2.2 Solute and Solvent Localization -- 8.2.3 Selectivity -- 8.3 Method Development -- 8.3.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 8.3.2 Selection of the Mobile Phase -- 8.3.3 Example of Method Development -- 8.4 Problems in the Use of Normal-Phase Chromatography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Ion chromatography -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Definitions -- 9.1.2 History -- 9.2 Basic Principles and Separation Modes -- 9.2.1 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.2.2 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 9.2.3 Chelation Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.4 Zwitterionic Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.5 Eluents for IC -- 9.2.5.1 Typical eluents for anion exchange -- 9.2.5.2 Typical eluents for cation exchange -- 9.3 Instrumentation -- 9.3.1 IC Columns -- 9.3.1.1 Anion-exchange columns -- 9.3.1.2 Cation-exchange columns -- 9.3.2 Eluent Generators -- 9.3.3 Detection in IC -- 9.3.3.1 Conductimetric detection -- Nonsuppressed conductivity -- Suppressed conductivity -- 9.3.3.2 Electrochemical detection -- Charge detector.
505	8		\|a Amperometry -- 9.3.3.3 Spectroscopic detection -- Photometric detection -- Postcolumn reaction detection -- 9.3.3.4 Mass spectrometry -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Industrial Applications -- 9.4.2 Environmental Applications -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Size-exclusion chromatography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Retention in SEC -- 10.3.1 A Size-Exclusion Process -- 10.3.2 An Entropy-Controlled Process -- 10.3.3 An Equilibrium Process -- 10.4 Band Broadening in SEC -- 10.4.1 Extra-column effects -- 10.5 Resolution in SEC -- 10.6 SEC Enters the Modern Era: The Determination of Absolute Molar Mass -- 10.6.1 Universal Calibration and Online Viscometry -- 10.6.2 SLS Detection -- 10.7 Multidetector Separations, Physicochemical Characterization, 2D Techniques -- 10.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment and Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11: Interaction polymer chromatography -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fundamentals of ipc -- 11.2.1 Retention Mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.3 Modes of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.4 Modeling of the Chromatographic Process -- 11.3 Individual IPC Techniques -- 11.3.1 Equipment and Chromatographic Media -- 11.3.2 Nomenclature -- 11.3.3 Isocratic Techniques -- 11.3.3.1 Liquid chromatography at critical conditions -- 11.3.3.2 Barrier techniques -- 11.3.4 Gradient Techniques -- 11.3.4.1 Liquid adsorption chromatography -- 11.3.4.2 Gradient elution at CPA -- 11.3.4.3 Liquid precipitation chromatography -- 11.3.4.4 Temperature gradient interaction chromatography -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Affinity chromatography -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Components of Affinity Chromatography -- 12.3 Bioaffinity Chromatography -- 12.4 Immunoaffinity Chromatography -- 12.5 Dye-Ligand and Biomimetic Affinity Chromatography.
650		0	\|a Liquid chromatography. \|0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077354
650		2	\|a Chromatography, Liquid \|0 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002853
650		6	\|a Chromatographie en phase liquide.
650		7	\|a liquid chromatography. \|2 aat
650		7	\|a SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic \|2 bisacsh
650		7	\|a Liquid chromatography \|2 fast
700	1		\|a Fanali, Salvatore, \|e editor. \|1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHhWDYbfwxmcMmGyj9jC \|0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2013180614
700	1		\|a Haddad, Paul R., \|e editor. \|1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCqTr6Mggdq6bJp46dwC \|0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n90630980
700	1		\|a Poole, Colin F., \|e editor.
700	1		\|a Riekkola, Marja-Liisa, \|e editor.
758			\|i has work: \|a Liquid chromatography Volume 1 Fundamentals and instrumentation (Text) \|1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCGfFqjRRW47KhX4YDxqB8C \|4 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork
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contents	Front Cover -- Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Milestones in the development of liquid chromatography -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Developments Before 1960 -- 1.1.2 HPLC at the Beginning -- 1.2 HPLC Theory and Practice -- 1.2.1 New HPLC Modes and Techniques -- 1.2.2 Selection of Conditions for the Control of Selectivity -- 1.3 Columns -- 1.3.1 Particles and Column Packing -- 1.3.2 Stationary Phases and Selectivity -- 1.4 Equipment -- 1.5 Detectors -- Apologies and Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Kinetic theories of liquid chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macroscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.2.1 Lumped Kinetic Model -- 2.2.1.1 van Deemter plate height equation -- 2.2.2 General Rate Model -- 2.2.2.1 General rate model for monolith columns -- 2.2.2.2 General rate model for core-shell particles -- 2.2.2.3 Moment analysis -- 2.2.3 Lumped Pore Diffusion Model -- 2.2.4 Equivalence of the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- 2.2.5 Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.3 Microscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.3.1 Stochastic Model -- 2.3.1.1 Stochastic-dispersive model -- First passage time -- 2.3.2 Giddings Plate Height Equation -- 2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.4 Comparison of the Microscopic and the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Column technology in liquid chromatography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Column Design and Hardware -- 3.2.1 Column History in Brief -- 3.2.2 Column Hardware -- 3.2.3 Column Miniaturization -- 3.3 Column Packing Materials and Stationary Phases -- 3.3.1 Terminology -- 3.3.2 Classification of LC Columns -- 3.3.3 Packing Materials [21] -- 3.3.3.1 Particle shape, size, and size distribution -- 3.3.3.2 Pore structure parameters. 3.3.3.3 Surface functionalization of silica-the key to gaining selectivity -- 3.3.3.4 Surface functionalization of silica-the way to bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4 Major Synthesis Routes -- 3.3.4.1 Physicochemical characterization of bonded silica -- 3.3.4.2 Column packing procedures for analytical columns -- 3.3.4.3 Examples for selective bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4.4 The potential of multimodal or multifunctional bonded columns -- 3.4 Column Systems and Operations -- 3.4.1 Choice of Average Particle Size and Column Internal Diameter -- 3.4.2 Equilibration Time -- 3.4.3 Choice of Optimum-Flow Conditions -- 3.4.4 Column Back Pressure -- 3.4.5 Choice of Column Temperature -- 3.4.6 Column Capacity and Loadability -- 3.5 Chromatographic Column Testing and Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Chromatographic Testing -- 3.5.1.1 Hydrophobicity -- 3.5.1.2 Silanophilic activity -- 3.5.1.3 Polar selectivity -- 3.5.1.4 Shape selectivity -- 3.5.1.5 Metal content -- 3.6 Column Maintenance and Troubleshooting -- 3.6.1 Silica-Based Columns -- 3.6.1.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.2 pH Stability -- 3.6.3 Mechanical Stability -- 3.6.4 Mobile Phases (Eluents) -- 3.6.4.1 Proper storage of HPLC columns -- 3.6.4.2 Regeneration of a column -- 3.6.5 Regeneration of RP Packings -- 3.6.6 Polymer-Based Columns -- 3.6.6.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.7 Hydrophobic Unmodified Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene (Ps-Dvb) -- 3.6.8 Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers -- 3.6.9 Regeneration of Polymer Materials -- 3.7 Today's Column Market-an Evaluation, Comparison, and Critical Appraisal -- 3.7.1 Development During 2000-16 -- 3.7.2 A Column Comparison -- 3.8 Conclusion: Where Do We Go Next? Science vs. Market -- References -- Chapter 4: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Features -- 4.2.1 Solvent Strength -- 4.2.2 Exothermodynamic Relationships. 4.2.3 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.3 System Considerations -- 4.3.1 Interphase Model -- 4.3.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Linear Free Energy Relationships -- 4.4.1 Solvation Parameter Model -- 4.4.1.1 Analysis of system constants -- 4.4.1.2 Pore dewetting -- 4.4.1.3 Steric resistance and shape selectivity -- 4.4.1.4 Electrostatic interactions -- 4.4.1.5 Gradient elution -- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Secondary chemical equilibria in reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Acid-Base Equilibria -- 5.2.1 Changes in Retention With pH -- 5.2.2 Buffers and Measurement of pH -- 5.3 Ion Interaction Chromatography -- 5.3.1 Retention Mechanism -- 5.3.2 Common Reagents and Operational Modes -- 5.3.3 Separation of Inorganic Anions -- 5.3.4 The Silanol Effect and Its Suppression With Amine Compounds -- 5.3.5 Use of Perfluorinated Carboxylate Anions and Chaotropic Ions as Additives -- 5.3.6 Use of ILs as Additives -- 5.3.7 Measurement of the Enhancement of Column Performance Using Additives -- 5.4 Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.1 An Additional Secondary Equilibrium in the Mobile Phase -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.3 Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Metal Complexation -- 5.5.1 Determination of Metal Ions -- 5.5.2 Determination of Organic Compounds -- 5.6 Use of Redox Reactions -- References -- Chapter 6: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of HILIC -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 6.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.3 Stationary and mobile phases commonly employed in HILIC -- 6.3.1 Stationary Phases -- 6.3.1.1 Silica gel -- 6.3.1.2 Chemically bonded phases -- 6.3.1.3 Ion exchange and zwitterionic stationary phase -- 6.3.1.4 Hydrophilic macromolecules bonded phases. 6.3.1.5 Surface-confined ionic liquids stationary phases -- 6.3.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.4 Applications -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrophobic Interactions and Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 7.2.2 Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.3 Parameters That Affect HIC -- 7.3.1 Stationary Phase -- 7.3.1.1 Base matrix -- 7.3.1.2 Ligands -- 7.3.2 Mobile Phase -- 7.3.2.1 Type and concentration of salt -- 7.3.2.2 pH -- 7.3.2.3 Additives -- 7.3.2.4 Temperature -- 7.3.3 Biomolecules Hydrophobicity -- 7.4 Purification Strategies -- 7.5 Experimental Considerations -- 7.6 Recent Selected Applications -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Liquid-solid chromatography -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Retention and Separation -- 8.2.1 The Retention Process ("Mechanism") -- 8.2.2 Solute and Solvent Localization -- 8.2.3 Selectivity -- 8.3 Method Development -- 8.3.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 8.3.2 Selection of the Mobile Phase -- 8.3.3 Example of Method Development -- 8.4 Problems in the Use of Normal-Phase Chromatography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Ion chromatography -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Definitions -- 9.1.2 History -- 9.2 Basic Principles and Separation Modes -- 9.2.1 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.2.2 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 9.2.3 Chelation Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.4 Zwitterionic Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.5 Eluents for IC -- 9.2.5.1 Typical eluents for anion exchange -- 9.2.5.2 Typical eluents for cation exchange -- 9.3 Instrumentation -- 9.3.1 IC Columns -- 9.3.1.1 Anion-exchange columns -- 9.3.1.2 Cation-exchange columns -- 9.3.2 Eluent Generators -- 9.3.3 Detection in IC -- 9.3.3.1 Conductimetric detection -- Nonsuppressed conductivity -- Suppressed conductivity -- 9.3.3.2 Electrochemical detection -- Charge detector. Amperometry -- 9.3.3.3 Spectroscopic detection -- Photometric detection -- Postcolumn reaction detection -- 9.3.3.4 Mass spectrometry -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Industrial Applications -- 9.4.2 Environmental Applications -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Size-exclusion chromatography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Retention in SEC -- 10.3.1 A Size-Exclusion Process -- 10.3.2 An Entropy-Controlled Process -- 10.3.3 An Equilibrium Process -- 10.4 Band Broadening in SEC -- 10.4.1 Extra-column effects -- 10.5 Resolution in SEC -- 10.6 SEC Enters the Modern Era: The Determination of Absolute Molar Mass -- 10.6.1 Universal Calibration and Online Viscometry -- 10.6.2 SLS Detection -- 10.7 Multidetector Separations, Physicochemical Characterization, 2D Techniques -- 10.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment and Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11: Interaction polymer chromatography -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fundamentals of ipc -- 11.2.1 Retention Mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.3 Modes of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.4 Modeling of the Chromatographic Process -- 11.3 Individual IPC Techniques -- 11.3.1 Equipment and Chromatographic Media -- 11.3.2 Nomenclature -- 11.3.3 Isocratic Techniques -- 11.3.3.1 Liquid chromatography at critical conditions -- 11.3.3.2 Barrier techniques -- 11.3.4 Gradient Techniques -- 11.3.4.1 Liquid adsorption chromatography -- 11.3.4.2 Gradient elution at CPA -- 11.3.4.3 Liquid precipitation chromatography -- 11.3.4.4 Temperature gradient interaction chromatography -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Affinity chromatography -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Components of Affinity Chromatography -- 12.3 Bioaffinity Chromatography -- 12.4 Immunoaffinity Chromatography -- 12.5 Dye-Ligand and Biomimetic Affinity Chromatography.
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)991854368
dewey-full	543.0894
dewey-hundreds	500 - Natural sciences and mathematics
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dewey-raw	543.0894
dewey-search	543.0894
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discipline	Chemie / Pharmazie
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Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="3" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Fundamentals and instrumentation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Second edition.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Amsterdam, Netherlands :</subfield><subfield code="b">Elsevier,</subfield><subfield code="c">[2017]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vendor-supplied metadata.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Front Cover -- Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Milestones in the development of liquid chromatography -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Developments Before 1960 -- 1.1.2 HPLC at the Beginning -- 1.2 HPLC Theory and Practice -- 1.2.1 New HPLC Modes and Techniques -- 1.2.2 Selection of Conditions for the Control of Selectivity -- 1.3 Columns -- 1.3.1 Particles and Column Packing -- 1.3.2 Stationary Phases and Selectivity -- 1.4 Equipment -- 1.5 Detectors -- Apologies and Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Kinetic theories of liquid chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macroscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.2.1 Lumped Kinetic Model -- 2.2.1.1 van Deemter plate height equation -- 2.2.2 General Rate Model -- 2.2.2.1 General rate model for monolith columns -- 2.2.2.2 General rate model for core-shell particles -- 2.2.2.3 Moment analysis -- 2.2.3 Lumped Pore Diffusion Model -- 2.2.4 Equivalence of the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- 2.2.5 Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.3 Microscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.3.1 Stochastic Model -- 2.3.1.1 Stochastic-dispersive model -- First passage time -- 2.3.2 Giddings Plate Height Equation -- 2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.4 Comparison of the Microscopic and the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Column technology in liquid chromatography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Column Design and Hardware -- 3.2.1 Column History in Brief -- 3.2.2 Column Hardware -- 3.2.3 Column Miniaturization -- 3.3 Column Packing Materials and Stationary Phases -- 3.3.1 Terminology -- 3.3.2 Classification of LC Columns -- 3.3.3 Packing Materials [21] -- 3.3.3.1 Particle shape, size, and size distribution -- 3.3.3.2 Pore structure parameters.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.3.3.3 Surface functionalization of silica-the key to gaining selectivity -- 3.3.3.4 Surface functionalization of silica-the way to bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4 Major Synthesis Routes -- 3.3.4.1 Physicochemical characterization of bonded silica -- 3.3.4.2 Column packing procedures for analytical columns -- 3.3.4.3 Examples for selective bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4.4 The potential of multimodal or multifunctional bonded columns -- 3.4 Column Systems and Operations -- 3.4.1 Choice of Average Particle Size and Column Internal Diameter -- 3.4.2 Equilibration Time -- 3.4.3 Choice of Optimum-Flow Conditions -- 3.4.4 Column Back Pressure -- 3.4.5 Choice of Column Temperature -- 3.4.6 Column Capacity and Loadability -- 3.5 Chromatographic Column Testing and Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Chromatographic Testing -- 3.5.1.1 Hydrophobicity -- 3.5.1.2 Silanophilic activity -- 3.5.1.3 Polar selectivity -- 3.5.1.4 Shape selectivity -- 3.5.1.5 Metal content -- 3.6 Column Maintenance and Troubleshooting -- 3.6.1 Silica-Based Columns -- 3.6.1.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.2 pH Stability -- 3.6.3 Mechanical Stability -- 3.6.4 Mobile Phases (Eluents) -- 3.6.4.1 Proper storage of HPLC columns -- 3.6.4.2 Regeneration of a column -- 3.6.5 Regeneration of RP Packings -- 3.6.6 Polymer-Based Columns -- 3.6.6.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.7 Hydrophobic Unmodified Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene (Ps-Dvb) -- 3.6.8 Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers -- 3.6.9 Regeneration of Polymer Materials -- 3.7 Today's Column Market-an Evaluation, Comparison, and Critical Appraisal -- 3.7.1 Development During 2000-16 -- 3.7.2 A Column Comparison -- 3.8 Conclusion: Where Do We Go Next? Science vs. Market -- References -- Chapter 4: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Features -- 4.2.1 Solvent Strength -- 4.2.2 Exothermodynamic Relationships.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">4.2.3 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.3 System Considerations -- 4.3.1 Interphase Model -- 4.3.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Linear Free Energy Relationships -- 4.4.1 Solvation Parameter Model -- 4.4.1.1 Analysis of system constants -- 4.4.1.2 Pore dewetting -- 4.4.1.3 Steric resistance and shape selectivity -- 4.4.1.4 Electrostatic interactions -- 4.4.1.5 Gradient elution -- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Secondary chemical equilibria in reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Acid-Base Equilibria -- 5.2.1 Changes in Retention With pH -- 5.2.2 Buffers and Measurement of pH -- 5.3 Ion Interaction Chromatography -- 5.3.1 Retention Mechanism -- 5.3.2 Common Reagents and Operational Modes -- 5.3.3 Separation of Inorganic Anions -- 5.3.4 The Silanol Effect and Its Suppression With Amine Compounds -- 5.3.5 Use of Perfluorinated Carboxylate Anions and Chaotropic Ions as Additives -- 5.3.6 Use of ILs as Additives -- 5.3.7 Measurement of the Enhancement of Column Performance Using Additives -- 5.4 Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.1 An Additional Secondary Equilibrium in the Mobile Phase -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.3 Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Metal Complexation -- 5.5.1 Determination of Metal Ions -- 5.5.2 Determination of Organic Compounds -- 5.6 Use of Redox Reactions -- References -- Chapter 6: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of HILIC -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 6.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.3 Stationary and mobile phases commonly employed in HILIC -- 6.3.1 Stationary Phases -- 6.3.1.1 Silica gel -- 6.3.1.2 Chemically bonded phases -- 6.3.1.3 Ion exchange and zwitterionic stationary phase -- 6.3.1.4 Hydrophilic macromolecules bonded phases.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">6.3.1.5 Surface-confined ionic liquids stationary phases -- 6.3.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.4 Applications -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrophobic Interactions and Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 7.2.2 Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.3 Parameters That Affect HIC -- 7.3.1 Stationary Phase -- 7.3.1.1 Base matrix -- 7.3.1.2 Ligands -- 7.3.2 Mobile Phase -- 7.3.2.1 Type and concentration of salt -- 7.3.2.2 pH -- 7.3.2.3 Additives -- 7.3.2.4 Temperature -- 7.3.3 Biomolecules Hydrophobicity -- 7.4 Purification Strategies -- 7.5 Experimental Considerations -- 7.6 Recent Selected Applications -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Liquid-solid chromatography -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Retention and Separation -- 8.2.1 The Retention Process ("Mechanism") -- 8.2.2 Solute and Solvent Localization -- 8.2.3 Selectivity -- 8.3 Method Development -- 8.3.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 8.3.2 Selection of the Mobile Phase -- 8.3.3 Example of Method Development -- 8.4 Problems in the Use of Normal-Phase Chromatography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Ion chromatography -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Definitions -- 9.1.2 History -- 9.2 Basic Principles and Separation Modes -- 9.2.1 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.2.2 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 9.2.3 Chelation Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.4 Zwitterionic Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.5 Eluents for IC -- 9.2.5.1 Typical eluents for anion exchange -- 9.2.5.2 Typical eluents for cation exchange -- 9.3 Instrumentation -- 9.3.1 IC Columns -- 9.3.1.1 Anion-exchange columns -- 9.3.1.2 Cation-exchange columns -- 9.3.2 Eluent Generators -- 9.3.3 Detection in IC -- 9.3.3.1 Conductimetric detection -- Nonsuppressed conductivity -- Suppressed conductivity -- 9.3.3.2 Electrochemical detection -- Charge detector.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Amperometry -- 9.3.3.3 Spectroscopic detection -- Photometric detection -- Postcolumn reaction detection -- 9.3.3.4 Mass spectrometry -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Industrial Applications -- 9.4.2 Environmental Applications -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Size-exclusion chromatography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Retention in SEC -- 10.3.1 A Size-Exclusion Process -- 10.3.2 An Entropy-Controlled Process -- 10.3.3 An Equilibrium Process -- 10.4 Band Broadening in SEC -- 10.4.1 Extra-column effects -- 10.5 Resolution in SEC -- 10.6 SEC Enters the Modern Era: The Determination of Absolute Molar Mass -- 10.6.1 Universal Calibration and Online Viscometry -- 10.6.2 SLS Detection -- 10.7 Multidetector Separations, Physicochemical Characterization, 2D Techniques -- 10.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment and Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11: Interaction polymer chromatography -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fundamentals of ipc -- 11.2.1 Retention Mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.3 Modes of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.4 Modeling of the Chromatographic Process -- 11.3 Individual IPC Techniques -- 11.3.1 Equipment and Chromatographic Media -- 11.3.2 Nomenclature -- 11.3.3 Isocratic Techniques -- 11.3.3.1 Liquid chromatography at critical conditions -- 11.3.3.2 Barrier techniques -- 11.3.4 Gradient Techniques -- 11.3.4.1 Liquid adsorption chromatography -- 11.3.4.2 Gradient elution at CPA -- 11.3.4.3 Liquid precipitation chromatography -- 11.3.4.4 Temperature gradient interaction chromatography -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Affinity chromatography -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Components of Affinity Chromatography -- 12.3 Bioaffinity Chromatography -- 12.4 Immunoaffinity Chromatography 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spelling	Liquid chromatography. Volume 1, Fundamentals and instrumentation / edited by Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola. Fundamentals and instrumentation Second edition. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2017] 1 online resource. text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Vendor-supplied metadata. Includes index. Front Cover -- Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Milestones in the development of liquid chromatography -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Developments Before 1960 -- 1.1.2 HPLC at the Beginning -- 1.2 HPLC Theory and Practice -- 1.2.1 New HPLC Modes and Techniques -- 1.2.2 Selection of Conditions for the Control of Selectivity -- 1.3 Columns -- 1.3.1 Particles and Column Packing -- 1.3.2 Stationary Phases and Selectivity -- 1.4 Equipment -- 1.5 Detectors -- Apologies and Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Kinetic theories of liquid chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macroscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.2.1 Lumped Kinetic Model -- 2.2.1.1 van Deemter plate height equation -- 2.2.2 General Rate Model -- 2.2.2.1 General rate model for monolith columns -- 2.2.2.2 General rate model for core-shell particles -- 2.2.2.3 Moment analysis -- 2.2.3 Lumped Pore Diffusion Model -- 2.2.4 Equivalence of the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- 2.2.5 Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.3 Microscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.3.1 Stochastic Model -- 2.3.1.1 Stochastic-dispersive model -- First passage time -- 2.3.2 Giddings Plate Height Equation -- 2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.4 Comparison of the Microscopic and the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Column technology in liquid chromatography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Column Design and Hardware -- 3.2.1 Column History in Brief -- 3.2.2 Column Hardware -- 3.2.3 Column Miniaturization -- 3.3 Column Packing Materials and Stationary Phases -- 3.3.1 Terminology -- 3.3.2 Classification of LC Columns -- 3.3.3 Packing Materials [21] -- 3.3.3.1 Particle shape, size, and size distribution -- 3.3.3.2 Pore structure parameters. 3.3.3.3 Surface functionalization of silica-the key to gaining selectivity -- 3.3.3.4 Surface functionalization of silica-the way to bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4 Major Synthesis Routes -- 3.3.4.1 Physicochemical characterization of bonded silica -- 3.3.4.2 Column packing procedures for analytical columns -- 3.3.4.3 Examples for selective bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4.4 The potential of multimodal or multifunctional bonded columns -- 3.4 Column Systems and Operations -- 3.4.1 Choice of Average Particle Size and Column Internal Diameter -- 3.4.2 Equilibration Time -- 3.4.3 Choice of Optimum-Flow Conditions -- 3.4.4 Column Back Pressure -- 3.4.5 Choice of Column Temperature -- 3.4.6 Column Capacity and Loadability -- 3.5 Chromatographic Column Testing and Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Chromatographic Testing -- 3.5.1.1 Hydrophobicity -- 3.5.1.2 Silanophilic activity -- 3.5.1.3 Polar selectivity -- 3.5.1.4 Shape selectivity -- 3.5.1.5 Metal content -- 3.6 Column Maintenance and Troubleshooting -- 3.6.1 Silica-Based Columns -- 3.6.1.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.2 pH Stability -- 3.6.3 Mechanical Stability -- 3.6.4 Mobile Phases (Eluents) -- 3.6.4.1 Proper storage of HPLC columns -- 3.6.4.2 Regeneration of a column -- 3.6.5 Regeneration of RP Packings -- 3.6.6 Polymer-Based Columns -- 3.6.6.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.7 Hydrophobic Unmodified Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene (Ps-Dvb) -- 3.6.8 Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers -- 3.6.9 Regeneration of Polymer Materials -- 3.7 Today's Column Market-an Evaluation, Comparison, and Critical Appraisal -- 3.7.1 Development During 2000-16 -- 3.7.2 A Column Comparison -- 3.8 Conclusion: Where Do We Go Next? Science vs. Market -- References -- Chapter 4: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Features -- 4.2.1 Solvent Strength -- 4.2.2 Exothermodynamic Relationships. 4.2.3 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.3 System Considerations -- 4.3.1 Interphase Model -- 4.3.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Linear Free Energy Relationships -- 4.4.1 Solvation Parameter Model -- 4.4.1.1 Analysis of system constants -- 4.4.1.2 Pore dewetting -- 4.4.1.3 Steric resistance and shape selectivity -- 4.4.1.4 Electrostatic interactions -- 4.4.1.5 Gradient elution -- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Secondary chemical equilibria in reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Acid-Base Equilibria -- 5.2.1 Changes in Retention With pH -- 5.2.2 Buffers and Measurement of pH -- 5.3 Ion Interaction Chromatography -- 5.3.1 Retention Mechanism -- 5.3.2 Common Reagents and Operational Modes -- 5.3.3 Separation of Inorganic Anions -- 5.3.4 The Silanol Effect and Its Suppression With Amine Compounds -- 5.3.5 Use of Perfluorinated Carboxylate Anions and Chaotropic Ions as Additives -- 5.3.6 Use of ILs as Additives -- 5.3.7 Measurement of the Enhancement of Column Performance Using Additives -- 5.4 Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.1 An Additional Secondary Equilibrium in the Mobile Phase -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.3 Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Metal Complexation -- 5.5.1 Determination of Metal Ions -- 5.5.2 Determination of Organic Compounds -- 5.6 Use of Redox Reactions -- References -- Chapter 6: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of HILIC -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 6.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.3 Stationary and mobile phases commonly employed in HILIC -- 6.3.1 Stationary Phases -- 6.3.1.1 Silica gel -- 6.3.1.2 Chemically bonded phases -- 6.3.1.3 Ion exchange and zwitterionic stationary phase -- 6.3.1.4 Hydrophilic macromolecules bonded phases. 6.3.1.5 Surface-confined ionic liquids stationary phases -- 6.3.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.4 Applications -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrophobic Interactions and Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 7.2.2 Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.3 Parameters That Affect HIC -- 7.3.1 Stationary Phase -- 7.3.1.1 Base matrix -- 7.3.1.2 Ligands -- 7.3.2 Mobile Phase -- 7.3.2.1 Type and concentration of salt -- 7.3.2.2 pH -- 7.3.2.3 Additives -- 7.3.2.4 Temperature -- 7.3.3 Biomolecules Hydrophobicity -- 7.4 Purification Strategies -- 7.5 Experimental Considerations -- 7.6 Recent Selected Applications -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Liquid-solid chromatography -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Retention and Separation -- 8.2.1 The Retention Process ("Mechanism") -- 8.2.2 Solute and Solvent Localization -- 8.2.3 Selectivity -- 8.3 Method Development -- 8.3.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 8.3.2 Selection of the Mobile Phase -- 8.3.3 Example of Method Development -- 8.4 Problems in the Use of Normal-Phase Chromatography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Ion chromatography -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Definitions -- 9.1.2 History -- 9.2 Basic Principles and Separation Modes -- 9.2.1 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.2.2 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 9.2.3 Chelation Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.4 Zwitterionic Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.5 Eluents for IC -- 9.2.5.1 Typical eluents for anion exchange -- 9.2.5.2 Typical eluents for cation exchange -- 9.3 Instrumentation -- 9.3.1 IC Columns -- 9.3.1.1 Anion-exchange columns -- 9.3.1.2 Cation-exchange columns -- 9.3.2 Eluent Generators -- 9.3.3 Detection in IC -- 9.3.3.1 Conductimetric detection -- Nonsuppressed conductivity -- Suppressed conductivity -- 9.3.3.2 Electrochemical detection -- Charge detector. Amperometry -- 9.3.3.3 Spectroscopic detection -- Photometric detection -- Postcolumn reaction detection -- 9.3.3.4 Mass spectrometry -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Industrial Applications -- 9.4.2 Environmental Applications -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Size-exclusion chromatography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Retention in SEC -- 10.3.1 A Size-Exclusion Process -- 10.3.2 An Entropy-Controlled Process -- 10.3.3 An Equilibrium Process -- 10.4 Band Broadening in SEC -- 10.4.1 Extra-column effects -- 10.5 Resolution in SEC -- 10.6 SEC Enters the Modern Era: The Determination of Absolute Molar Mass -- 10.6.1 Universal Calibration and Online Viscometry -- 10.6.2 SLS Detection -- 10.7 Multidetector Separations, Physicochemical Characterization, 2D Techniques -- 10.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment and Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11: Interaction polymer chromatography -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fundamentals of ipc -- 11.2.1 Retention Mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.3 Modes of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.4 Modeling of the Chromatographic Process -- 11.3 Individual IPC Techniques -- 11.3.1 Equipment and Chromatographic Media -- 11.3.2 Nomenclature -- 11.3.3 Isocratic Techniques -- 11.3.3.1 Liquid chromatography at critical conditions -- 11.3.3.2 Barrier techniques -- 11.3.4 Gradient Techniques -- 11.3.4.1 Liquid adsorption chromatography -- 11.3.4.2 Gradient elution at CPA -- 11.3.4.3 Liquid precipitation chromatography -- 11.3.4.4 Temperature gradient interaction chromatography -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Affinity chromatography -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Components of Affinity Chromatography -- 12.3 Bioaffinity Chromatography -- 12.4 Immunoaffinity Chromatography -- 12.5 Dye-Ligand and Biomimetic Affinity Chromatography. Liquid chromatography. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077354 Chromatography, Liquid https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002853 Chromatographie en phase liquide. liquid chromatography. aat SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic bisacsh Liquid chromatography fast Fanali, Salvatore, editor. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHhWDYbfwxmcMmGyj9jC http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2013180614 Haddad, Paul R., editor. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCqTr6Mggdq6bJp46dwC http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n90630980 Poole, Colin F., editor. Riekkola, Marja-Liisa, editor. has work: Liquid chromatography Volume 1 Fundamentals and instrumentation (Text) https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCGfFqjRRW47KhX4YDxqB8C https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork Print version: 0128053933 9780128053935 (OCoLC)964303423 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780128053935 Volltext FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1158800 Volltext
spellingShingle	Liquid chromatography. Front Cover -- Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Milestones in the development of liquid chromatography -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Developments Before 1960 -- 1.1.2 HPLC at the Beginning -- 1.2 HPLC Theory and Practice -- 1.2.1 New HPLC Modes and Techniques -- 1.2.2 Selection of Conditions for the Control of Selectivity -- 1.3 Columns -- 1.3.1 Particles and Column Packing -- 1.3.2 Stationary Phases and Selectivity -- 1.4 Equipment -- 1.5 Detectors -- Apologies and Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Kinetic theories of liquid chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macroscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.2.1 Lumped Kinetic Model -- 2.2.1.1 van Deemter plate height equation -- 2.2.2 General Rate Model -- 2.2.2.1 General rate model for monolith columns -- 2.2.2.2 General rate model for core-shell particles -- 2.2.2.3 Moment analysis -- 2.2.3 Lumped Pore Diffusion Model -- 2.2.4 Equivalence of the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- 2.2.5 Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.3 Microscopic Kinetic Theories -- 2.3.1 Stochastic Model -- 2.3.1.1 Stochastic-dispersive model -- First passage time -- 2.3.2 Giddings Plate Height Equation -- 2.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Chromatography -- 2.4 Comparison of the Microscopic and the Macroscopic Kinetic Models -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3: Column technology in liquid chromatography -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Column Design and Hardware -- 3.2.1 Column History in Brief -- 3.2.2 Column Hardware -- 3.2.3 Column Miniaturization -- 3.3 Column Packing Materials and Stationary Phases -- 3.3.1 Terminology -- 3.3.2 Classification of LC Columns -- 3.3.3 Packing Materials [21] -- 3.3.3.1 Particle shape, size, and size distribution -- 3.3.3.2 Pore structure parameters. 3.3.3.3 Surface functionalization of silica-the key to gaining selectivity -- 3.3.3.4 Surface functionalization of silica-the way to bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4 Major Synthesis Routes -- 3.3.4.1 Physicochemical characterization of bonded silica -- 3.3.4.2 Column packing procedures for analytical columns -- 3.3.4.3 Examples for selective bonded silica columns -- 3.3.4.4 The potential of multimodal or multifunctional bonded columns -- 3.4 Column Systems and Operations -- 3.4.1 Choice of Average Particle Size and Column Internal Diameter -- 3.4.2 Equilibration Time -- 3.4.3 Choice of Optimum-Flow Conditions -- 3.4.4 Column Back Pressure -- 3.4.5 Choice of Column Temperature -- 3.4.6 Column Capacity and Loadability -- 3.5 Chromatographic Column Testing and Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Chromatographic Testing -- 3.5.1.1 Hydrophobicity -- 3.5.1.2 Silanophilic activity -- 3.5.1.3 Polar selectivity -- 3.5.1.4 Shape selectivity -- 3.5.1.5 Metal content -- 3.6 Column Maintenance and Troubleshooting -- 3.6.1 Silica-Based Columns -- 3.6.1.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.2 pH Stability -- 3.6.3 Mechanical Stability -- 3.6.4 Mobile Phases (Eluents) -- 3.6.4.1 Proper storage of HPLC columns -- 3.6.4.2 Regeneration of a column -- 3.6.5 Regeneration of RP Packings -- 3.6.6 Polymer-Based Columns -- 3.6.6.1 General guidelines -- 3.6.7 Hydrophobic Unmodified Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene (Ps-Dvb) -- 3.6.8 Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers -- 3.6.9 Regeneration of Polymer Materials -- 3.7 Today's Column Market-an Evaluation, Comparison, and Critical Appraisal -- 3.7.1 Development During 2000-16 -- 3.7.2 A Column Comparison -- 3.8 Conclusion: Where Do We Go Next? Science vs. Market -- References -- Chapter 4: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Features -- 4.2.1 Solvent Strength -- 4.2.2 Exothermodynamic Relationships. 4.2.3 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.3 System Considerations -- 4.3.1 Interphase Model -- 4.3.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Linear Free Energy Relationships -- 4.4.1 Solvation Parameter Model -- 4.4.1.1 Analysis of system constants -- 4.4.1.2 Pore dewetting -- 4.4.1.3 Steric resistance and shape selectivity -- 4.4.1.4 Electrostatic interactions -- 4.4.1.5 Gradient elution -- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Secondary chemical equilibria in reversed-phase liquid chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Acid-Base Equilibria -- 5.2.1 Changes in Retention With pH -- 5.2.2 Buffers and Measurement of pH -- 5.3 Ion Interaction Chromatography -- 5.3.1 Retention Mechanism -- 5.3.2 Common Reagents and Operational Modes -- 5.3.3 Separation of Inorganic Anions -- 5.3.4 The Silanol Effect and Its Suppression With Amine Compounds -- 5.3.5 Use of Perfluorinated Carboxylate Anions and Chaotropic Ions as Additives -- 5.3.6 Use of ILs as Additives -- 5.3.7 Measurement of the Enhancement of Column Performance Using Additives -- 5.4 Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.1 An Additional Secondary Equilibrium in the Mobile Phase -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Micellar Liquid Chromatography -- 5.4.3 Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography -- 5.5 Metal Complexation -- 5.5.1 Determination of Metal Ions -- 5.5.2 Determination of Organic Compounds -- 5.6 Use of Redox Reactions -- References -- Chapter 6: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of HILIC -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 6.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.3 Stationary and mobile phases commonly employed in HILIC -- 6.3.1 Stationary Phases -- 6.3.1.1 Silica gel -- 6.3.1.2 Chemically bonded phases -- 6.3.1.3 Ion exchange and zwitterionic stationary phase -- 6.3.1.4 Hydrophilic macromolecules bonded phases. 6.3.1.5 Surface-confined ionic liquids stationary phases -- 6.3.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.4 Applications -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrophobic Interactions and Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.2.1 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 7.2.2 Retention Mechanisms in HIC -- 7.3 Parameters That Affect HIC -- 7.3.1 Stationary Phase -- 7.3.1.1 Base matrix -- 7.3.1.2 Ligands -- 7.3.2 Mobile Phase -- 7.3.2.1 Type and concentration of salt -- 7.3.2.2 pH -- 7.3.2.3 Additives -- 7.3.2.4 Temperature -- 7.3.3 Biomolecules Hydrophobicity -- 7.4 Purification Strategies -- 7.5 Experimental Considerations -- 7.6 Recent Selected Applications -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Liquid-solid chromatography -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Retention and Separation -- 8.2.1 The Retention Process ("Mechanism") -- 8.2.2 Solute and Solvent Localization -- 8.2.3 Selectivity -- 8.3 Method Development -- 8.3.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 8.3.2 Selection of the Mobile Phase -- 8.3.3 Example of Method Development -- 8.4 Problems in the Use of Normal-Phase Chromatography -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 9: Ion chromatography -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Definitions -- 9.1.2 History -- 9.2 Basic Principles and Separation Modes -- 9.2.1 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.2.2 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography -- 9.2.3 Chelation Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.4 Zwitterionic Ion Chromatography -- 9.2.5 Eluents for IC -- 9.2.5.1 Typical eluents for anion exchange -- 9.2.5.2 Typical eluents for cation exchange -- 9.3 Instrumentation -- 9.3.1 IC Columns -- 9.3.1.1 Anion-exchange columns -- 9.3.1.2 Cation-exchange columns -- 9.3.2 Eluent Generators -- 9.3.3 Detection in IC -- 9.3.3.1 Conductimetric detection -- Nonsuppressed conductivity -- Suppressed conductivity -- 9.3.3.2 Electrochemical detection -- Charge detector. Amperometry -- 9.3.3.3 Spectroscopic detection -- Photometric detection -- Postcolumn reaction detection -- 9.3.3.4 Mass spectrometry -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Industrial Applications -- 9.4.2 Environmental Applications -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Size-exclusion chromatography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Retention in SEC -- 10.3.1 A Size-Exclusion Process -- 10.3.2 An Entropy-Controlled Process -- 10.3.3 An Equilibrium Process -- 10.4 Band Broadening in SEC -- 10.4.1 Extra-column effects -- 10.5 Resolution in SEC -- 10.6 SEC Enters the Modern Era: The Determination of Absolute Molar Mass -- 10.6.1 Universal Calibration and Online Viscometry -- 10.6.2 SLS Detection -- 10.7 Multidetector Separations, Physicochemical Characterization, 2D Techniques -- 10.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment and Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11: Interaction polymer chromatography -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fundamentals of ipc -- 11.2.1 Retention Mechanisms -- 11.2.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.3 Modes of Polymer Chromatography -- 11.2.4 Modeling of the Chromatographic Process -- 11.3 Individual IPC Techniques -- 11.3.1 Equipment and Chromatographic Media -- 11.3.2 Nomenclature -- 11.3.3 Isocratic Techniques -- 11.3.3.1 Liquid chromatography at critical conditions -- 11.3.3.2 Barrier techniques -- 11.3.4 Gradient Techniques -- 11.3.4.1 Liquid adsorption chromatography -- 11.3.4.2 Gradient elution at CPA -- 11.3.4.3 Liquid precipitation chromatography -- 11.3.4.4 Temperature gradient interaction chromatography -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Affinity chromatography -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Components of Affinity Chromatography -- 12.3 Bioaffinity Chromatography -- 12.4 Immunoaffinity Chromatography -- 12.5 Dye-Ligand and Biomimetic Affinity Chromatography. Liquid chromatography. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077354 Chromatography, Liquid https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002853 Chromatographie en phase liquide. liquid chromatography. aat SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic bisacsh Liquid chromatography fast
subject_GND	http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077354 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002853
title	Liquid chromatography.
title_alt	Fundamentals and instrumentation
title_auth	Liquid chromatography.
title_exact_search	Liquid chromatography.
title_full	Liquid chromatography. Volume 1, Fundamentals and instrumentation / edited by Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola.
title_fullStr	Liquid chromatography. Volume 1, Fundamentals and instrumentation / edited by Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola.
title_full_unstemmed	Liquid chromatography. Volume 1, Fundamentals and instrumentation / edited by Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola.
title_short	Liquid chromatography.
title_sort	liquid chromatography fundamentals and instrumentation
topic	Liquid chromatography. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077354 Chromatography, Liquid https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002853 Chromatographie en phase liquide. liquid chromatography. aat SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic bisacsh Liquid chromatography fast
topic_facet	Liquid chromatography. Chromatography, Liquid Chromatographie en phase liquide. liquid chromatography. SCIENCE / Chemistry / Analytic Liquid chromatography
url	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780128053935 https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1158800
work_keys_str_mv	AT fanalisalvatore liquidchromatographyvolume1 AT haddadpaulr liquidchromatographyvolume1 AT poolecolinf liquidchromatographyvolume1 AT riekkolamarjaliisa liquidchromatographyvolume1 AT fanalisalvatore fundamentalsandinstrumentation AT haddadpaulr fundamentalsandinstrumentation AT poolecolinf fundamentalsandinstrumentation AT riekkolamarjaliisa fundamentalsandinstrumentation

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