Cyclical change continued /:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam ; Philadelphia :
John Benjamins Publishing Company,
[2016]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Linguistik aktuell ;
Bd. 227. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource |
| Bibliographie: | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| ISBN: | 9789027267436 902726743X |
| ISSN: | 0166-0829 ; |
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| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Cyclical change continued / |c edited by Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam ; |a Philadelphia : |b John Benjamins Publishing Company, |c [2016] | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA), |x 0166-0829 ; |v volume 227 | |
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index. | ||
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record and CIP data provided by publisher. | |
| 505 | 0 | |a Intro -- Cyclical Change Continued -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Cyclical Change Continued -- 1. What is the cycle? -- 2. Analytic and synthetic -- 3. Recent work and emerging questions -- 4. Contributions to the cycle in this volume -- 5. Conclusion and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- What Cycles When and Why? -- 1. Routinization, phonological erosion, and semantic fading -- 2. Semantic generalization and abstraction -- 3. Pragmatic reinforcement -- 3.1 Distributive cycles -- 3.2 Pronominal cycles -- 3.3 Negative cycles -- 4. Contributions from contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Is radical analyticity normal? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2 The proposal -- 1.3 Garden Path Number One: Radical analyticity -- 1.4 Garden Path Number Two: Cycles -- 2. West Africa -- 2.1 The languages, the problem -- 2.2 A solution? -- 2.3 Evidence, Part One: Language spread -- 2.4 Evidence, Part Two: -- 2.4.1 In syntax: Elimination of contextual rather than inherent morphology -- 2.4.2 In morphology: Grammatical simplification -- 2.4.3 In phonology: Monosyllabic template -- 2.5 Evidence Part Three: Distribution of Analyticity -- 2.5.1 Layers of analyticity -- 2.5.2 Analytic-lite: The Niger-Congo norm -- 2.5.2.1 Syntheticity increases incrementally westward of GYN. New Kwa. New Kwa differs from GYN is that as a group, it is about as analytic as English -- and in some cases vastly less so. Akan varieties retain a degree of concordial affixation within the n -- 2.5.2.2 Syntheticity increases incrementally eastward of GYN. Edoid. In the best-known representative of this group just eastward of Yoruboid and Nupoid, Edo has vestiges of noun class marking, with a singular-plural distinction in animates (Omoregbe & Ai. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.5.2.3 Languages northward of GYN are more synthetic. Idoma. Noun class marking, with a singular/plural distinction, is reduced to one prefixal alternation, and verbal extensions are lost (Abraham 1951 -- Adejoh 2012). However, the language is inflected in -- 2.6 What happened to Niger-Congo? -- 2.6.1 From the inside out? -- 2.6.2 Niger-Congo analyticity as evidence of cycles of second-language acquisition -- 2.6.3 Cyclical second language acquisition: Parallels -- 2.7 Two questions, two answers -- 3. Analyticity in the Sinosphere -- 3.1 Rolling back the tape -- 3.2 Language groups rendered analytic by Chinese migration -- 3.3 Proto-Sino-Tibetan over Chinese -- 3.4 Old Chinese: Ordinarily transmitted grammar? -- 3.5 Reading the data -- 3.6 Historical possibilities -- 4. If radical analyticity is so unnatural, why haven't these languages become synthetic? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- An analytic-synthetic spiral in the history of English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. Data -- 4. Method -- 5. The bird's eye perspective: The big merry-go-round -- 6. The jeweler's eye perspective -- 7. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Interaction between the French Subject and Object Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Subject Cycle in general and in French -- 3. Changes in the third person subject pronoun -- 4. Changes in object pronouns -- 4.1 Acquisition -- 4.2 Three changes -- 5. The Object Cycle in general and in French -- 6. Account and puzzles -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The Negative Existential Cycle viewed through the lens of comparative data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of the negative existential cycle -- 3. Application of the cycle on different kinds of samples -- 3.1 Graphic representation of the collected data. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.2 Summary and discussion of the types instantiated in the world-wide sample and in the families -- 3.2.1 Cross-linguisitic frequency of the NEC types -- 3.2.2 Overlaps of types within the NEC -- 3.3 Recapitulation of this section -- 4. Summary of the findings on Slavonic, Polynesian and Uralic -- 5. Diachronic analysis of the comparative data from Berber, Turkic and Dravidian -- 5.1 Berber -- 5.2 Turkic -- 5.3 Dravidian -- 5.3.1 Tamil -- 5.3.2 Kannada -- 6. Summary and concluding discussion -- 6.1 The dominance and also frequent overlap of types with variation -- 6.2 The use of negative existentials in nominalized constructions -- 6.3 Other lexicalizations of negation into the NEC -- 6.4 The constant renewal of the negative existentials -- 6.5 Jespersen Cycle vs. the NEC -- Abbreviations -- Appendix -- References -- Jespersen Cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Negation in the Americas -- 3. Negation in the Mayan languages -- 4. Negation in the Quechuan languages -- 5. Negation in the Maipurean languages -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mayan Negation Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Mayan languages -- 3. Historical reconstruction -- 3.1 Greater K'iche'an -- 3.2 Greater Mamean -- 3.3 Eastern Mayan -- 4. Ch'olan -- 4.1 Greater Tzeltalan -- 5. Greater Q'anjob'alan -- 6. Central Mayan -- 7. Proto-Mayan -- 8. Conclusion -- 1. Extension -- 2. Division -- 3. Clitic addition -- References -- The diachrony of pronominal agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential coherence in discourse -- 3. Demonstratives and definite articles -- 3.1 Demonstrative modifiers -- 3.2 Demonstratives as definite articles -- 3.3 Demonstratives as pronouns -- 4. Pronouns -- 4.1 Independent personal pronouns: Discontinuity and contrast -- 4.2 Clitic anaphoric pronouns vs. zero anaphora -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 4.2.2 Zero anaphora as default choice for referential continuity -- 4.3 Subject vs. object clitics: In search of a general principle -- 4.4 Pronominal agreement -- 4.5 Cliticization locus: 'Second-position clitics'? -- 5. Flexible word-order and referential coherence -- 6. Discussion -- References -- The Degree Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Syntactic structure -- 2.2 Semantic categories -- 3. The CP Cycle and thus -- 3.1 Position of clausal thus -- 3.2 Reinforcement loss and renewal -- 4. Degree that and this -- 4.1 Background to this and that -- 4.2 Reanalysis of that: Possible paths -- 5. Degree adverb this (and thus) -- 6. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- Modality and gradation -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Comparative temporality shifting to modality -- 2.1 Essentials of the trajectory: The temporal-based scale and facets of its erosion -- 2.1.1 English rather -- 2.1.2 German eher -- 2.2 Modal elements -- 2.2.1 Rather as a modal relator marking preferences in Present-day English -- 2.2.2 The modal flavors of eher -- 2.2.3 Further modal flavors in rather -- 3. More ordering and scalar structures operated on by eher and rather -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Modifying adjectives -- 4. More on how rather and eher spiraled twice -- 4.1 From temporal to modal: Why does 'rather' spiral to preference readings? -- 4.2 On the spiral to the modificational use -- and most specially, why it is one -- 4.3 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All you need is another 'Need' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dürfen and brauchen as modal verbs -- 2.1 Semantics -- 2.2 Morphosyntax -- 2.3 Interim summary -- 3. Bedürfen as a modal predicate -- 3.1 Semantics -- 3.2 Morphosyntax -- 3.3 Interim summary -- 4. The verbal NPI cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- Primary sources -- References -- Appendix. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a The Grammaticalization of Yao and the Future Cycle from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yāo as a full verb in Archaic Chinese -- 3. Yào as a modal auxiliary in Ancient Chinese -- 3.1 Deontics and futures -- 3.2 Forming Auxiliary Modals from Full Verbs -- 3.2.1 AspP and MP -- 3.2.2 Late Merge and labeling -- 4. The syntactic structure of deontic and future Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.1 The ambiguous status of Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.2 Yào as the head of a mood phrase -- 4.3 Verbal renewal -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject and Language Index. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general |x Syntax. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85056338 | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Linguistic change. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077214 | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Syntaxe. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Changement linguistique. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES |x Grammar & Punctuation. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES |x Linguistics |x Syntax. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general |x Syntax |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Linguistic change |2 fast | |
| 655 | 4 | |a Electronic book. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gelderen, Elly van, |e editor. | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version: |t Cyclical change continued. |d Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, [2016] |z 9789027257109 |w (DLC) 2015044782 |
| 830 | 0 | |a Linguistik aktuell ; |v Bd. 227. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n42035628 | |
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| contents | Intro -- Cyclical Change Continued -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Cyclical Change Continued -- 1. What is the cycle? -- 2. Analytic and synthetic -- 3. Recent work and emerging questions -- 4. Contributions to the cycle in this volume -- 5. Conclusion and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- What Cycles When and Why? -- 1. Routinization, phonological erosion, and semantic fading -- 2. Semantic generalization and abstraction -- 3. Pragmatic reinforcement -- 3.1 Distributive cycles -- 3.2 Pronominal cycles -- 3.3 Negative cycles -- 4. Contributions from contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Is radical analyticity normal? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2 The proposal -- 1.3 Garden Path Number One: Radical analyticity -- 1.4 Garden Path Number Two: Cycles -- 2. West Africa -- 2.1 The languages, the problem -- 2.2 A solution? -- 2.3 Evidence, Part One: Language spread -- 2.4 Evidence, Part Two: -- 2.4.1 In syntax: Elimination of contextual rather than inherent morphology -- 2.4.2 In morphology: Grammatical simplification -- 2.4.3 In phonology: Monosyllabic template -- 2.5 Evidence Part Three: Distribution of Analyticity -- 2.5.1 Layers of analyticity -- 2.5.2 Analytic-lite: The Niger-Congo norm -- 2.5.2.1 Syntheticity increases incrementally westward of GYN. New Kwa. New Kwa differs from GYN is that as a group, it is about as analytic as English -- and in some cases vastly less so. Akan varieties retain a degree of concordial affixation within the n -- 2.5.2.2 Syntheticity increases incrementally eastward of GYN. Edoid. In the best-known representative of this group just eastward of Yoruboid and Nupoid, Edo has vestiges of noun class marking, with a singular-plural distinction in animates (Omoregbe & Ai. 2.5.2.3 Languages northward of GYN are more synthetic. Idoma. Noun class marking, with a singular/plural distinction, is reduced to one prefixal alternation, and verbal extensions are lost (Abraham 1951 -- Adejoh 2012). However, the language is inflected in -- 2.6 What happened to Niger-Congo? -- 2.6.1 From the inside out? -- 2.6.2 Niger-Congo analyticity as evidence of cycles of second-language acquisition -- 2.6.3 Cyclical second language acquisition: Parallels -- 2.7 Two questions, two answers -- 3. Analyticity in the Sinosphere -- 3.1 Rolling back the tape -- 3.2 Language groups rendered analytic by Chinese migration -- 3.3 Proto-Sino-Tibetan over Chinese -- 3.4 Old Chinese: Ordinarily transmitted grammar? -- 3.5 Reading the data -- 3.6 Historical possibilities -- 4. If radical analyticity is so unnatural, why haven't these languages become synthetic? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- An analytic-synthetic spiral in the history of English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. Data -- 4. Method -- 5. The bird's eye perspective: The big merry-go-round -- 6. The jeweler's eye perspective -- 7. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Interaction between the French Subject and Object Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Subject Cycle in general and in French -- 3. Changes in the third person subject pronoun -- 4. Changes in object pronouns -- 4.1 Acquisition -- 4.2 Three changes -- 5. The Object Cycle in general and in French -- 6. Account and puzzles -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The Negative Existential Cycle viewed through the lens of comparative data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of the negative existential cycle -- 3. Application of the cycle on different kinds of samples -- 3.1 Graphic representation of the collected data. 3.2 Summary and discussion of the types instantiated in the world-wide sample and in the families -- 3.2.1 Cross-linguisitic frequency of the NEC types -- 3.2.2 Overlaps of types within the NEC -- 3.3 Recapitulation of this section -- 4. Summary of the findings on Slavonic, Polynesian and Uralic -- 5. Diachronic analysis of the comparative data from Berber, Turkic and Dravidian -- 5.1 Berber -- 5.2 Turkic -- 5.3 Dravidian -- 5.3.1 Tamil -- 5.3.2 Kannada -- 6. Summary and concluding discussion -- 6.1 The dominance and also frequent overlap of types with variation -- 6.2 The use of negative existentials in nominalized constructions -- 6.3 Other lexicalizations of negation into the NEC -- 6.4 The constant renewal of the negative existentials -- 6.5 Jespersen Cycle vs. the NEC -- Abbreviations -- Appendix -- References -- Jespersen Cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Negation in the Americas -- 3. Negation in the Mayan languages -- 4. Negation in the Quechuan languages -- 5. Negation in the Maipurean languages -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mayan Negation Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Mayan languages -- 3. Historical reconstruction -- 3.1 Greater K'iche'an -- 3.2 Greater Mamean -- 3.3 Eastern Mayan -- 4. Ch'olan -- 4.1 Greater Tzeltalan -- 5. Greater Q'anjob'alan -- 6. Central Mayan -- 7. Proto-Mayan -- 8. Conclusion -- 1. Extension -- 2. Division -- 3. Clitic addition -- References -- The diachrony of pronominal agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential coherence in discourse -- 3. Demonstratives and definite articles -- 3.1 Demonstrative modifiers -- 3.2 Demonstratives as definite articles -- 3.3 Demonstratives as pronouns -- 4. Pronouns -- 4.1 Independent personal pronouns: Discontinuity and contrast -- 4.2 Clitic anaphoric pronouns vs. zero anaphora -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries. 4.2.2 Zero anaphora as default choice for referential continuity -- 4.3 Subject vs. object clitics: In search of a general principle -- 4.4 Pronominal agreement -- 4.5 Cliticization locus: 'Second-position clitics'? -- 5. Flexible word-order and referential coherence -- 6. Discussion -- References -- The Degree Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Syntactic structure -- 2.2 Semantic categories -- 3. The CP Cycle and thus -- 3.1 Position of clausal thus -- 3.2 Reinforcement loss and renewal -- 4. Degree that and this -- 4.1 Background to this and that -- 4.2 Reanalysis of that: Possible paths -- 5. Degree adverb this (and thus) -- 6. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- Modality and gradation -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Comparative temporality shifting to modality -- 2.1 Essentials of the trajectory: The temporal-based scale and facets of its erosion -- 2.1.1 English rather -- 2.1.2 German eher -- 2.2 Modal elements -- 2.2.1 Rather as a modal relator marking preferences in Present-day English -- 2.2.2 The modal flavors of eher -- 2.2.3 Further modal flavors in rather -- 3. More ordering and scalar structures operated on by eher and rather -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Modifying adjectives -- 4. More on how rather and eher spiraled twice -- 4.1 From temporal to modal: Why does 'rather' spiral to preference readings? -- 4.2 On the spiral to the modificational use -- and most specially, why it is one -- 4.3 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All you need is another 'Need' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dürfen and brauchen as modal verbs -- 2.1 Semantics -- 2.2 Morphosyntax -- 2.3 Interim summary -- 3. Bedürfen as a modal predicate -- 3.1 Semantics -- 3.2 Morphosyntax -- 3.3 Interim summary -- 4. The verbal NPI cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- Primary sources -- References -- Appendix. The Grammaticalization of Yao and the Future Cycle from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yāo as a full verb in Archaic Chinese -- 3. Yào as a modal auxiliary in Ancient Chinese -- 3.1 Deontics and futures -- 3.2 Forming Auxiliary Modals from Full Verbs -- 3.2.1 AspP and MP -- 3.2.2 Late Merge and labeling -- 4. The syntactic structure of deontic and future Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.1 The ambiguous status of Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.2 Yào as the head of a mood phrase -- 4.3 Verbal renewal -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject and Language Index. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)934101914 |
| dewey-full | 415 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 415 - Grammar |
| dewey-raw | 415 |
| dewey-search | 415 |
| dewey-sort | 3415 |
| dewey-tens | 410 - Linguistics |
| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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What is the cycle? -- 2. Analytic and synthetic -- 3. Recent work and emerging questions -- 4. Contributions to the cycle in this volume -- 5. Conclusion and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- What Cycles When and Why? -- 1. Routinization, phonological erosion, and semantic fading -- 2. Semantic generalization and abstraction -- 3. Pragmatic reinforcement -- 3.1 Distributive cycles -- 3.2 Pronominal cycles -- 3.3 Negative cycles -- 4. Contributions from contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Is radical analyticity normal? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2 The proposal -- 1.3 Garden Path Number One: Radical analyticity -- 1.4 Garden Path Number Two: Cycles -- 2. West Africa -- 2.1 The languages, the problem -- 2.2 A solution? -- 2.3 Evidence, Part One: Language spread -- 2.4 Evidence, Part Two: -- 2.4.1 In syntax: Elimination of contextual rather than inherent morphology -- 2.4.2 In morphology: Grammatical simplification -- 2.4.3 In phonology: Monosyllabic template -- 2.5 Evidence Part Three: Distribution of Analyticity -- 2.5.1 Layers of analyticity -- 2.5.2 Analytic-lite: The Niger-Congo norm -- 2.5.2.1 Syntheticity increases incrementally westward of GYN. New Kwa. New Kwa differs from GYN is that as a group, it is about as analytic as English -- and in some cases vastly less so. Akan varieties retain a degree of concordial affixation within the n -- 2.5.2.2 Syntheticity increases incrementally eastward of GYN. Edoid. In the best-known representative of this group just eastward of Yoruboid and Nupoid, Edo has vestiges of noun class marking, with a singular-plural distinction in animates (Omoregbe & Ai.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2.5.2.3 Languages northward of GYN are more synthetic. Idoma. Noun class marking, with a singular/plural distinction, is reduced to one prefixal alternation, and verbal extensions are lost (Abraham 1951 -- Adejoh 2012). However, the language is inflected in -- 2.6 What happened to Niger-Congo? -- 2.6.1 From the inside out? -- 2.6.2 Niger-Congo analyticity as evidence of cycles of second-language acquisition -- 2.6.3 Cyclical second language acquisition: Parallels -- 2.7 Two questions, two answers -- 3. Analyticity in the Sinosphere -- 3.1 Rolling back the tape -- 3.2 Language groups rendered analytic by Chinese migration -- 3.3 Proto-Sino-Tibetan over Chinese -- 3.4 Old Chinese: Ordinarily transmitted grammar? -- 3.5 Reading the data -- 3.6 Historical possibilities -- 4. If radical analyticity is so unnatural, why haven't these languages become synthetic? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- An analytic-synthetic spiral in the history of English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. Data -- 4. Method -- 5. The bird's eye perspective: The big merry-go-round -- 6. The jeweler's eye perspective -- 7. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Interaction between the French Subject and Object Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Subject Cycle in general and in French -- 3. Changes in the third person subject pronoun -- 4. Changes in object pronouns -- 4.1 Acquisition -- 4.2 Three changes -- 5. The Object Cycle in general and in French -- 6. Account and puzzles -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The Negative Existential Cycle viewed through the lens of comparative data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of the negative existential cycle -- 3. Application of the cycle on different kinds of samples -- 3.1 Graphic representation of the collected data.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.2 Summary and discussion of the types instantiated in the world-wide sample and in the families -- 3.2.1 Cross-linguisitic frequency of the NEC types -- 3.2.2 Overlaps of types within the NEC -- 3.3 Recapitulation of this section -- 4. Summary of the findings on Slavonic, Polynesian and Uralic -- 5. Diachronic analysis of the comparative data from Berber, Turkic and Dravidian -- 5.1 Berber -- 5.2 Turkic -- 5.3 Dravidian -- 5.3.1 Tamil -- 5.3.2 Kannada -- 6. Summary and concluding discussion -- 6.1 The dominance and also frequent overlap of types with variation -- 6.2 The use of negative existentials in nominalized constructions -- 6.3 Other lexicalizations of negation into the NEC -- 6.4 The constant renewal of the negative existentials -- 6.5 Jespersen Cycle vs. the NEC -- Abbreviations -- Appendix -- References -- Jespersen Cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Negation in the Americas -- 3. Negation in the Mayan languages -- 4. Negation in the Quechuan languages -- 5. Negation in the Maipurean languages -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mayan Negation Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Mayan languages -- 3. Historical reconstruction -- 3.1 Greater K'iche'an -- 3.2 Greater Mamean -- 3.3 Eastern Mayan -- 4. Ch'olan -- 4.1 Greater Tzeltalan -- 5. Greater Q'anjob'alan -- 6. Central Mayan -- 7. Proto-Mayan -- 8. Conclusion -- 1. Extension -- 2. Division -- 3. Clitic addition -- References -- The diachrony of pronominal agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential coherence in discourse -- 3. Demonstratives and definite articles -- 3.1 Demonstrative modifiers -- 3.2 Demonstratives as definite articles -- 3.3 Demonstratives as pronouns -- 4. Pronouns -- 4.1 Independent personal pronouns: Discontinuity and contrast -- 4.2 Clitic anaphoric pronouns vs. zero anaphora -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">4.2.2 Zero anaphora as default choice for referential continuity -- 4.3 Subject vs. object clitics: In search of a general principle -- 4.4 Pronominal agreement -- 4.5 Cliticization locus: 'Second-position clitics'? -- 5. Flexible word-order and referential coherence -- 6. Discussion -- References -- The Degree Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Syntactic structure -- 2.2 Semantic categories -- 3. The CP Cycle and thus -- 3.1 Position of clausal thus -- 3.2 Reinforcement loss and renewal -- 4. Degree that and this -- 4.1 Background to this and that -- 4.2 Reanalysis of that: Possible paths -- 5. Degree adverb this (and thus) -- 6. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- Modality and gradation -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Comparative temporality shifting to modality -- 2.1 Essentials of the trajectory: The temporal-based scale and facets of its erosion -- 2.1.1 English rather -- 2.1.2 German eher -- 2.2 Modal elements -- 2.2.1 Rather as a modal relator marking preferences in Present-day English -- 2.2.2 The modal flavors of eher -- 2.2.3 Further modal flavors in rather -- 3. More ordering and scalar structures operated on by eher and rather -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Modifying adjectives -- 4. More on how rather and eher spiraled twice -- 4.1 From temporal to modal: Why does 'rather' spiral to preference readings? -- 4.2 On the spiral to the modificational use -- and most specially, why it is one -- 4.3 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All you need is another 'Need' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dürfen and brauchen as modal verbs -- 2.1 Semantics -- 2.2 Morphosyntax -- 2.3 Interim summary -- 3. Bedürfen as a modal predicate -- 3.1 Semantics -- 3.2 Morphosyntax -- 3.3 Interim summary -- 4. The verbal NPI cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- Primary sources -- References -- Appendix.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The Grammaticalization of Yao and the Future Cycle from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yāo as a full verb in Archaic Chinese -- 3. 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| genre | Electronic book. |
| genre_facet | Electronic book. |
| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn934101914 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:26:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789027267436 902726743X |
| issn | 0166-0829 ; |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2016000409 |
| oclc_num | 934101914 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | 1 online resource |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | John Benjamins Publishing Company, |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Linguistik aktuell ; |
| series2 | Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA), |
| spelling | Cyclical change continued / edited by Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, [2016] 1 online resource text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier data file rda Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA), 0166-0829 ; volume 227 Includes bibliographical references and index. Print version record and CIP data provided by publisher. Intro -- Cyclical Change Continued -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Cyclical Change Continued -- 1. What is the cycle? -- 2. Analytic and synthetic -- 3. Recent work and emerging questions -- 4. Contributions to the cycle in this volume -- 5. Conclusion and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- What Cycles When and Why? -- 1. Routinization, phonological erosion, and semantic fading -- 2. Semantic generalization and abstraction -- 3. Pragmatic reinforcement -- 3.1 Distributive cycles -- 3.2 Pronominal cycles -- 3.3 Negative cycles -- 4. Contributions from contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Is radical analyticity normal? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2 The proposal -- 1.3 Garden Path Number One: Radical analyticity -- 1.4 Garden Path Number Two: Cycles -- 2. West Africa -- 2.1 The languages, the problem -- 2.2 A solution? -- 2.3 Evidence, Part One: Language spread -- 2.4 Evidence, Part Two: -- 2.4.1 In syntax: Elimination of contextual rather than inherent morphology -- 2.4.2 In morphology: Grammatical simplification -- 2.4.3 In phonology: Monosyllabic template -- 2.5 Evidence Part Three: Distribution of Analyticity -- 2.5.1 Layers of analyticity -- 2.5.2 Analytic-lite: The Niger-Congo norm -- 2.5.2.1 Syntheticity increases incrementally westward of GYN. New Kwa. New Kwa differs from GYN is that as a group, it is about as analytic as English -- and in some cases vastly less so. Akan varieties retain a degree of concordial affixation within the n -- 2.5.2.2 Syntheticity increases incrementally eastward of GYN. Edoid. In the best-known representative of this group just eastward of Yoruboid and Nupoid, Edo has vestiges of noun class marking, with a singular-plural distinction in animates (Omoregbe & Ai. 2.5.2.3 Languages northward of GYN are more synthetic. Idoma. Noun class marking, with a singular/plural distinction, is reduced to one prefixal alternation, and verbal extensions are lost (Abraham 1951 -- Adejoh 2012). However, the language is inflected in -- 2.6 What happened to Niger-Congo? -- 2.6.1 From the inside out? -- 2.6.2 Niger-Congo analyticity as evidence of cycles of second-language acquisition -- 2.6.3 Cyclical second language acquisition: Parallels -- 2.7 Two questions, two answers -- 3. Analyticity in the Sinosphere -- 3.1 Rolling back the tape -- 3.2 Language groups rendered analytic by Chinese migration -- 3.3 Proto-Sino-Tibetan over Chinese -- 3.4 Old Chinese: Ordinarily transmitted grammar? -- 3.5 Reading the data -- 3.6 Historical possibilities -- 4. If radical analyticity is so unnatural, why haven't these languages become synthetic? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- An analytic-synthetic spiral in the history of English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. Data -- 4. Method -- 5. The bird's eye perspective: The big merry-go-round -- 6. The jeweler's eye perspective -- 7. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Interaction between the French Subject and Object Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Subject Cycle in general and in French -- 3. Changes in the third person subject pronoun -- 4. Changes in object pronouns -- 4.1 Acquisition -- 4.2 Three changes -- 5. The Object Cycle in general and in French -- 6. Account and puzzles -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The Negative Existential Cycle viewed through the lens of comparative data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of the negative existential cycle -- 3. Application of the cycle on different kinds of samples -- 3.1 Graphic representation of the collected data. 3.2 Summary and discussion of the types instantiated in the world-wide sample and in the families -- 3.2.1 Cross-linguisitic frequency of the NEC types -- 3.2.2 Overlaps of types within the NEC -- 3.3 Recapitulation of this section -- 4. Summary of the findings on Slavonic, Polynesian and Uralic -- 5. Diachronic analysis of the comparative data from Berber, Turkic and Dravidian -- 5.1 Berber -- 5.2 Turkic -- 5.3 Dravidian -- 5.3.1 Tamil -- 5.3.2 Kannada -- 6. Summary and concluding discussion -- 6.1 The dominance and also frequent overlap of types with variation -- 6.2 The use of negative existentials in nominalized constructions -- 6.3 Other lexicalizations of negation into the NEC -- 6.4 The constant renewal of the negative existentials -- 6.5 Jespersen Cycle vs. the NEC -- Abbreviations -- Appendix -- References -- Jespersen Cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Negation in the Americas -- 3. Negation in the Mayan languages -- 4. Negation in the Quechuan languages -- 5. Negation in the Maipurean languages -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mayan Negation Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Mayan languages -- 3. Historical reconstruction -- 3.1 Greater K'iche'an -- 3.2 Greater Mamean -- 3.3 Eastern Mayan -- 4. Ch'olan -- 4.1 Greater Tzeltalan -- 5. Greater Q'anjob'alan -- 6. Central Mayan -- 7. Proto-Mayan -- 8. Conclusion -- 1. Extension -- 2. Division -- 3. Clitic addition -- References -- The diachrony of pronominal agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential coherence in discourse -- 3. Demonstratives and definite articles -- 3.1 Demonstrative modifiers -- 3.2 Demonstratives as definite articles -- 3.3 Demonstratives as pronouns -- 4. Pronouns -- 4.1 Independent personal pronouns: Discontinuity and contrast -- 4.2 Clitic anaphoric pronouns vs. zero anaphora -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries. 4.2.2 Zero anaphora as default choice for referential continuity -- 4.3 Subject vs. object clitics: In search of a general principle -- 4.4 Pronominal agreement -- 4.5 Cliticization locus: 'Second-position clitics'? -- 5. Flexible word-order and referential coherence -- 6. Discussion -- References -- The Degree Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Syntactic structure -- 2.2 Semantic categories -- 3. The CP Cycle and thus -- 3.1 Position of clausal thus -- 3.2 Reinforcement loss and renewal -- 4. Degree that and this -- 4.1 Background to this and that -- 4.2 Reanalysis of that: Possible paths -- 5. Degree adverb this (and thus) -- 6. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- Modality and gradation -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Comparative temporality shifting to modality -- 2.1 Essentials of the trajectory: The temporal-based scale and facets of its erosion -- 2.1.1 English rather -- 2.1.2 German eher -- 2.2 Modal elements -- 2.2.1 Rather as a modal relator marking preferences in Present-day English -- 2.2.2 The modal flavors of eher -- 2.2.3 Further modal flavors in rather -- 3. More ordering and scalar structures operated on by eher and rather -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Modifying adjectives -- 4. More on how rather and eher spiraled twice -- 4.1 From temporal to modal: Why does 'rather' spiral to preference readings? -- 4.2 On the spiral to the modificational use -- and most specially, why it is one -- 4.3 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All you need is another 'Need' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dürfen and brauchen as modal verbs -- 2.1 Semantics -- 2.2 Morphosyntax -- 2.3 Interim summary -- 3. Bedürfen as a modal predicate -- 3.1 Semantics -- 3.2 Morphosyntax -- 3.3 Interim summary -- 4. The verbal NPI cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- Primary sources -- References -- Appendix. The Grammaticalization of Yao and the Future Cycle from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yāo as a full verb in Archaic Chinese -- 3. Yào as a modal auxiliary in Ancient Chinese -- 3.1 Deontics and futures -- 3.2 Forming Auxiliary Modals from Full Verbs -- 3.2.1 AspP and MP -- 3.2.2 Late Merge and labeling -- 4. The syntactic structure of deontic and future Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.1 The ambiguous status of Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.2 Yào as the head of a mood phrase -- 4.3 Verbal renewal -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject and Language Index. Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85056338 Linguistic change. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077214 Syntaxe. Changement linguistique. LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Grammar & Punctuation. bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Linguistics Syntax. bisacsh Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax fast Linguistic change fast Electronic book. Gelderen, Elly van, editor. Print version: Cyclical change continued. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, [2016] 9789027257109 (DLC) 2015044782 Linguistik aktuell ; Bd. 227. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n42035628 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1179462 Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Cyclical change continued / Linguistik aktuell ; Intro -- Cyclical Change Continued -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Cyclical Change Continued -- 1. What is the cycle? -- 2. Analytic and synthetic -- 3. Recent work and emerging questions -- 4. Contributions to the cycle in this volume -- 5. Conclusion and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- What Cycles When and Why? -- 1. Routinization, phonological erosion, and semantic fading -- 2. Semantic generalization and abstraction -- 3. Pragmatic reinforcement -- 3.1 Distributive cycles -- 3.2 Pronominal cycles -- 3.3 Negative cycles -- 4. Contributions from contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Is radical analyticity normal? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The problem -- 1.2 The proposal -- 1.3 Garden Path Number One: Radical analyticity -- 1.4 Garden Path Number Two: Cycles -- 2. West Africa -- 2.1 The languages, the problem -- 2.2 A solution? -- 2.3 Evidence, Part One: Language spread -- 2.4 Evidence, Part Two: -- 2.4.1 In syntax: Elimination of contextual rather than inherent morphology -- 2.4.2 In morphology: Grammatical simplification -- 2.4.3 In phonology: Monosyllabic template -- 2.5 Evidence Part Three: Distribution of Analyticity -- 2.5.1 Layers of analyticity -- 2.5.2 Analytic-lite: The Niger-Congo norm -- 2.5.2.1 Syntheticity increases incrementally westward of GYN. New Kwa. New Kwa differs from GYN is that as a group, it is about as analytic as English -- and in some cases vastly less so. Akan varieties retain a degree of concordial affixation within the n -- 2.5.2.2 Syntheticity increases incrementally eastward of GYN. Edoid. In the best-known representative of this group just eastward of Yoruboid and Nupoid, Edo has vestiges of noun class marking, with a singular-plural distinction in animates (Omoregbe & Ai. 2.5.2.3 Languages northward of GYN are more synthetic. Idoma. Noun class marking, with a singular/plural distinction, is reduced to one prefixal alternation, and verbal extensions are lost (Abraham 1951 -- Adejoh 2012). However, the language is inflected in -- 2.6 What happened to Niger-Congo? -- 2.6.1 From the inside out? -- 2.6.2 Niger-Congo analyticity as evidence of cycles of second-language acquisition -- 2.6.3 Cyclical second language acquisition: Parallels -- 2.7 Two questions, two answers -- 3. Analyticity in the Sinosphere -- 3.1 Rolling back the tape -- 3.2 Language groups rendered analytic by Chinese migration -- 3.3 Proto-Sino-Tibetan over Chinese -- 3.4 Old Chinese: Ordinarily transmitted grammar? -- 3.5 Reading the data -- 3.6 Historical possibilities -- 4. If radical analyticity is so unnatural, why haven't these languages become synthetic? -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- An analytic-synthetic spiral in the history of English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. Data -- 4. Method -- 5. The bird's eye perspective: The big merry-go-round -- 6. The jeweler's eye perspective -- 7. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Interaction between the French Subject and Object Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Subject Cycle in general and in French -- 3. Changes in the third person subject pronoun -- 4. Changes in object pronouns -- 4.1 Acquisition -- 4.2 Three changes -- 5. The Object Cycle in general and in French -- 6. Account and puzzles -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The Negative Existential Cycle viewed through the lens of comparative data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of the negative existential cycle -- 3. Application of the cycle on different kinds of samples -- 3.1 Graphic representation of the collected data. 3.2 Summary and discussion of the types instantiated in the world-wide sample and in the families -- 3.2.1 Cross-linguisitic frequency of the NEC types -- 3.2.2 Overlaps of types within the NEC -- 3.3 Recapitulation of this section -- 4. Summary of the findings on Slavonic, Polynesian and Uralic -- 5. Diachronic analysis of the comparative data from Berber, Turkic and Dravidian -- 5.1 Berber -- 5.2 Turkic -- 5.3 Dravidian -- 5.3.1 Tamil -- 5.3.2 Kannada -- 6. Summary and concluding discussion -- 6.1 The dominance and also frequent overlap of types with variation -- 6.2 The use of negative existentials in nominalized constructions -- 6.3 Other lexicalizations of negation into the NEC -- 6.4 The constant renewal of the negative existentials -- 6.5 Jespersen Cycle vs. the NEC -- Abbreviations -- Appendix -- References -- Jespersen Cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Negation in the Americas -- 3. Negation in the Mayan languages -- 4. Negation in the Quechuan languages -- 5. Negation in the Maipurean languages -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Mayan Negation Cycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Mayan languages -- 3. Historical reconstruction -- 3.1 Greater K'iche'an -- 3.2 Greater Mamean -- 3.3 Eastern Mayan -- 4. Ch'olan -- 4.1 Greater Tzeltalan -- 5. Greater Q'anjob'alan -- 6. Central Mayan -- 7. Proto-Mayan -- 8. Conclusion -- 1. Extension -- 2. Division -- 3. Clitic addition -- References -- The diachrony of pronominal agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential coherence in discourse -- 3. Demonstratives and definite articles -- 3.1 Demonstrative modifiers -- 3.2 Demonstratives as definite articles -- 3.3 Demonstratives as pronouns -- 4. Pronouns -- 4.1 Independent personal pronouns: Discontinuity and contrast -- 4.2 Clitic anaphoric pronouns vs. zero anaphora -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries. 4.2.2 Zero anaphora as default choice for referential continuity -- 4.3 Subject vs. object clitics: In search of a general principle -- 4.4 Pronominal agreement -- 4.5 Cliticization locus: 'Second-position clitics'? -- 5. Flexible word-order and referential coherence -- 6. Discussion -- References -- The Degree Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Syntactic structure -- 2.2 Semantic categories -- 3. The CP Cycle and thus -- 3.1 Position of clausal thus -- 3.2 Reinforcement loss and renewal -- 4. Degree that and this -- 4.1 Background to this and that -- 4.2 Reanalysis of that: Possible paths -- 5. Degree adverb this (and thus) -- 6. Conclusion -- Sources -- References -- Modality and gradation -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Comparative temporality shifting to modality -- 2.1 Essentials of the trajectory: The temporal-based scale and facets of its erosion -- 2.1.1 English rather -- 2.1.2 German eher -- 2.2 Modal elements -- 2.2.1 Rather as a modal relator marking preferences in Present-day English -- 2.2.2 The modal flavors of eher -- 2.2.3 Further modal flavors in rather -- 3. More ordering and scalar structures operated on by eher and rather -- 3.1 Ordering -- 3.2 Modifying adjectives -- 4. More on how rather and eher spiraled twice -- 4.1 From temporal to modal: Why does 'rather' spiral to preference readings? -- 4.2 On the spiral to the modificational use -- and most specially, why it is one -- 4.3 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All you need is another 'Need' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dürfen and brauchen as modal verbs -- 2.1 Semantics -- 2.2 Morphosyntax -- 2.3 Interim summary -- 3. Bedürfen as a modal predicate -- 3.1 Semantics -- 3.2 Morphosyntax -- 3.3 Interim summary -- 4. The verbal NPI cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- Primary sources -- References -- Appendix. The Grammaticalization of Yao and the Future Cycle from Archaic Chinese to Modern Mandarin* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yāo as a full verb in Archaic Chinese -- 3. Yào as a modal auxiliary in Ancient Chinese -- 3.1 Deontics and futures -- 3.2 Forming Auxiliary Modals from Full Verbs -- 3.2.1 AspP and MP -- 3.2.2 Late Merge and labeling -- 4. The syntactic structure of deontic and future Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.1 The ambiguous status of Yào in Modern Chinese -- 4.2 Yào as the head of a mood phrase -- 4.3 Verbal renewal -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Author Index -- Subject and Language Index. Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85056338 Linguistic change. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077214 Syntaxe. Changement linguistique. LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Grammar & Punctuation. bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Linguistics Syntax. bisacsh Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax fast Linguistic change fast |
| subject_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85056338 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077214 |
| title | Cyclical change continued / |
| title_auth | Cyclical change continued / |
| title_exact_search | Cyclical change continued / |
| title_full | Cyclical change continued / edited by Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University. |
| title_fullStr | Cyclical change continued / edited by Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cyclical change continued / edited by Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University. |
| title_short | Cyclical change continued / |
| title_sort | cyclical change continued |
| topic | Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85056338 Linguistic change. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077214 Syntaxe. Changement linguistique. LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Grammar & Punctuation. bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Linguistics Syntax. bisacsh Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax fast Linguistic change fast |
| topic_facet | Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax. Linguistic change. Syntaxe. Changement linguistique. LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Grammar & Punctuation. LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES Linguistics Syntax. Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Linguistic change Electronic book. |
| url | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1179462 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gelderenellyvan cyclicalchangecontinued |