Climate change in the Midwest :: a synthesis report for the national climate assessment /
Annotation
Gespeichert in:
Weitere Verfasser: | , , , , |
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Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Washington :
Island Press,
[2014]
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Schriftenreihe: | National climate assessment regional technical input report series.
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | Annotation |
Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (xviii, 249 pages) : illustrations, maps |
Bibliographie: | Includes bibliographical references. |
ISBN: | 9781610915113 1610915119 |
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245 | 0 | 0 | |a Climate change in the Midwest : |b a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / |c edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown. |
264 | 1 | |a Washington : |b Island Press, |c [2014] | |
300 | |a 1 online resource (xviii, 249 pages) : |b illustrations, maps | ||
336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
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490 | 1 | |a National climate assessment regional technical input report series | |
504 | |a Includes bibliographical references. | ||
588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
520 | 8 | |a Annotation |b Developed to inform the 2013 National Climate Assessment, and a landmark study in terms of its breadth and depth of coverage and conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, Climate Change in the Midwest examines the known effects and relationships of climate change variables on the eight states that make up the region. This state of the art assessment comes from a broad range of experts in academia, private industry, state and local governments, NGOs, professional societies, and impacted communities. It highlights past climate trends, projected climate change and vulnerabilities, and impacts to specific sectors. Rich in science and case studies, it examines the latest climate change impacts, scenarios, vulnerabilities, and adaptive capacity and offers decision makers and stakeholders a substantial basis from which to make informed choices that will affect the well-being of the region's inhabitants in the decades to come. | |
505 | 0 | 0 | |g Machine generated contents note: |g ch. 1 |t Introduction to The Synthesis Report -- |g 1.1. |t About this Report -- |g 1.2. |t Regional Context -- |g 1.3. |t Organization -- |t References -- |g ch. 2 |t Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States -- |g 2.1. |t Introduction -- |g 2.2. |t Influences of the Great Lakes -- |g 2.3. |t General Description -- |g 2.4. |t Vulnerabilities -- |g 2.4.1. |t Regional Floods -- |g 2.4.2. |t Severe Thunderstorms -- |g 2.4.3. |t Summer drought, heat, and excess rain -- |g 2.4.4. |t Heat Waves -- |g 2.4.5. |t Winter Storms -- |g 2.5. |t Regional Climate Trends -- |g 2.5.1. |t Paleoclimate -- |g 2.5.2. |t Instrumental Record -- |g 2.5.2.1. |t Temperature -- |g 2.5.2.2. |t Precipitation -- |g 2.5.2.3. |t Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes -- |g 2.5.2.4. |t Growing Season -- |g 2.5.2.5. |t Ice Cover -- |g 2.5.2.6. |t Snowfall -- |g 2.2.5.7. |t Cloudiness -- |g 2.5.2.8. |t Humidity -- |g 2.5.2.9. |t Wind -- |g 2.5.2.10. |t Extreme Precipitation -- |g 2.5.2.11. |t Extreme Temperatures -- |g 2.5.2.12. |t Drought -- |g 2.5.3. |t Synoptic Changes -- |g 2.6. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 3 |t Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis -- |g 3.1. |t Introduction -- |g 3.2. |t Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.1. |t Downscaling Methods -- |g 3.2.1.1. |t Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.1.2. |t Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.2. |t Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region -- |g 3.2.3. |t Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.3.1. |t Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate -- |g 3.2.3.2. |t Ensembles and Multi-Model Means -- |g 3.2.3.3. |t "Shelf Life" of Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.4. |t Evaluation of Climate Projections -- |g 3.2.4.1. |t GCM Simulations -- |g 3.2.4.2. |t NARCCAP Simulations -- |g 3.3. |t Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region -- |g 3.3.1. |t Precipitation -- |g 3.3.1.1. |t Annual and Seasonal Precipitation -- |g 3.3.1.2. |t Precipitation Intensity -- |g 3.3.2. |t Temperature -- |g 3.3.2.1. |t Annual and Seasonal Temperature -- |g 3.3.2.2. |t Temperature Thresholds and Indices -- |g 3.3.2.3. |t Freeze Risk -- |g 3.3.2.4. |t Apparent Temperature -- |g 3.3.3. |t Wind -- |g 3.4. |t Level of Confidence -- |g 3.5. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 4 |t Agriculture in The Midwest -- |g 4.1. |t Introduction -- |g 4.2. |t Historical Impacts on Crop Production -- |g 4.3. |t Sensitivity to Temperature -- |g 4.4. |t Potential Future Impacts -- |g 4.4.1. |t Temperature -- |g 4.4.2. |t CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration -- |g 4.4.3. |t Precipitation -- |g 4.4.4. |t Water Quality -- |g 4.4.5. |t Weeds, Pests, and Disease -- |g 4.4.6. |t Stresses on Livestock -- |g 4.5. |t Adaptation -- |g 4.6. |t Risk Assessment -- |g 4.7. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 5 |t Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems -- |g 5.1. |t Introduction -- |g 5.2. |t Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities -- |g 5.3. |t Observed Responses to Temperature -- |g 5.4. |t Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances -- |g 5.5. |t Changes in Phenology -- |g 5.6. |t Changes in Genetics and Morphology -- |g 5.7. |t Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes -- |g 5.8. |t Linking Observations to Future Changes -- |g 5.9. |t Assessing Vulnerabilities -- |g 5.10. |t Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest -- |g 5.10.1. |t Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management -- |g 5.10.2. |t Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives -- |g 5.10.3. |t Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" -- |g 5.10.4. |t Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater -- |g 5.10.5. |t Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture -- |g 5.10.6. |t Moving toward Smarter Conservation -- |g 5.11. |t Five Key Points -- |t References -- |g ch. 6 |t Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States -- |g 6.1. |t Introduction -- |g 6.2. |t Organization -- |g 6.3. |t Considerations and Caveats -- |g 6.4. |t Forest Ecosystems -- |g 6.4.1. |t Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region -- |g 6.4.2. |t Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions -- |g 6.5. |t Benefits from Forests -- |g 6.5.1. |t Forest Products -- |g 6.5.2. |t Water Resources -- |g 6.5.3. |t Carbon Storage -- |g 6.5.4. |t Recreational Opportunities -- |g 6.5.5. |t Cultural Values -- |g 6.6. |t Adaptation -- |g 6.6.1. |t Forest Ecosystems -- |g 6.6.2. |t Urban Forests -- |g 6.6.3. |t Forest Products -- |g 6.6.4. |t Water Resources -- |g 6.6.5. |t Carbon Storage -- |g 6.6.6. |t Recreational Opportunities -- |g 6.6.7. |t Cultural Values -- |g 6.7. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 7 |t Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems -- |g 7.1. |t Introduction -- |g 7.2. |t Climate Stressors -- |g 7.2.1. |t Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) -- |g 7.2.2. |t Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation -- |g 7.2.3. |t Great Lakes Thermal Regimes -- |g 7.3. |t Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change -- |g 7.3.1. |t Hydrogeomorphology -- |g 7.3.2. |t Productivity and Water Quality -- |g 7.3.3. |t Coastal Fisheries -- |g 7.3.4. |t Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure -- |g 7.3.5. |t Coastal Property -- |g 7.4. |t Discussion -- |g 7.5. |t Recommendations -- |g 7.6. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 8 |t Climate Change and Energy -- |g 8.1. |t Introduction -- |g 8.1.1. |t Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector -- |g 8.1.2. |t Energy Profile for the Midwest -- |g 8.2. |t Impacts on the Energy Sector -- |g 8.2.1. |t Climate Change and Energy Demand -- |g 8.2.2. |t Climate Change and Energy Supply -- |g 8.2.3. |t Climate Change Policy -- |g 8.3. |t Future Considerations and Issues -- |g 8.4. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 9 |t Health -- |g 9.1. |t Introduction -- |g 9.2. |t Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest -- |g 9.2.1. |t Heat Waves -- |g 9.2.2. |t Air Pollution Risks -- |g 9.2.2.1. |t Air Quality and Respiratory Disease -- |g 9.2.2.2. |t Aeroallergens -- |g 9.2.3. |t Waterborne Disease -- |g 9.2.4. |t Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks -- |g 9.2.5. |t Vectorborne Infectious Diseases -- |g 9.2.5.1. |t West Nile Virus -- |g 9.2.5.2. |t Lyme Disease -- |g 9.3. |t Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) -- |g 9.4. |t Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation -- |g 9.4.1. |t Energy -- |g 9.4.2. |t Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness -- |g 9.5. |t Conclusion -- |t References -- |g ch. 10 |t Outdoor Recreation and Tourism -- |g 10.1. |t Introduction -- |g 10.2. |t Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy -- |g 10.3. |t Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) -- |g 10.3.1. |t Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT -- |g 10.3.2. |t Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors -- |g 10.4. |t Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest -- |g 10.4.1. |t Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) -- |g 10.4.2. |t Implications for Winter Sports -- |g 10.5. |t Adaptation -- |g 10.6. |t Summary -- |t References -- |g ch. 11 |t Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest -- |g 11.1. |t Introduction -- |g 11.2. |t Transportation and Climate Change -- |g 11.2.1. |t Air -- |g 11.2.2. |t Water -- |g 11.2.3. |t Rail -- |g 11.2.4. |t Surface Transportation -- |g 11.3. |t Comparative Risk -- |g 11.3.1. |t Extreme Heat -- |g 11.3.2. |t Changing Precipitation Patterns -- |g 11.3.2.1. |t Flooding Risk -- |g 11.3.2.2. |t Snow -- |g 11.3.3. |t Great Lakes Water Levels -- |g 11.4. |t Ongoing Adaptation Efforts -- |g 11.4.1. |t Chicago -- |g 11.4.2. |t Wisconsin -- |g 11.4.3. |t Iowa -- |g 11.4.4. |t Michigan Department of Transportation -- |g 11.4.5. |t Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) -- |g 11.5. |t Research Needs -- |g 11.5.1. |t Quantifying Impacts -- |g 11.5.2. |t Adaptation Effectiveness -- |g 11.5.3. |t Uncertainty -- |g 11.6. |t Conclusions -- |t References -- |g ch. |
505 | 0 | 0 | |t 12 |t Water Resources -- |g 12.1. |t Introduction -- |g 12.2. |t Historic Variability of Hydroclimate -- |g 12.2.1. |t Seasonal to Multi-Year Events -- |g 12.2.2. |t Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes -- |g 12.2.3. |t Non-climatic Influences -- |g 12.2.4. |t Lake Water Temperature -- |g 12.2.5. |t Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole -- |g 12.3. |t Paleoclimatic Studies -- |g 12.4. |t Future Projections -- |g 12.4.1. |t Upper Mississippi/Missouri/Hudson Bay Watersheds -- |g 12.4.2. |t Ohio River Watershed -- |g 12.4.3. |t Great Lakes Watershed -- |g 12.4.4. |t Commonality Among Many Studies -- |g 12.5. |t Uncertainty and Probability -- |g 12.6. |t Conclusions -- |t References -- |t Focus Midwestern Levees -- |t Introduction -- |t Levee Condition -- |t Increasing Flood Risk -- |t Adaptation -- |t Conclusion -- |t References -- |g ch. 13 |t Complexity and Uncertainty: Implications for Climate Change Assessments -- |g 13.1. |t Introduction -- |g 13.2. |t Multiple Sources of Uncertainty -- |g 13.3. |t Climate Extremes -- |g 13.4. |t Co-Benefits of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- |g 13.5. |t Spatial Interactions and Linkages -- |g 13.6. |t Closing Remarks. |
650 | 0 | |a Climatic changes |x Risk assessment |z Middle West. | |
650 | 6 | |a Climat |x Changements |x Évaluation du risque |z Midwest (États-Unis) | |
650 | 7 | |a BUSINESS & ECONOMICS |x Infrastructure. |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a SOCIAL SCIENCE |x General. |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a Climatic changes |x Risk assessment |2 fast | |
651 | 7 | |a Middle West |2 fast | |
700 | 1 | |a Winkler, Julie A. | |
700 | 1 | |a Andresen, Jeffrey A. | |
700 | 1 | |a Hatfield, Jerry L. | |
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author2 | Winkler, Julie A. Andresen, Jeffrey A. Hatfield, Jerry L. Bidwell, David, 1969- Brown, Daniel G. |
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author_facet | Winkler, Julie A. Andresen, Jeffrey A. Hatfield, Jerry L. Bidwell, David, 1969- Brown, Daniel G. |
author_sort | Winkler, Julie A. |
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contents | Introduction to The Synthesis Report -- About this Report -- Regional Context -- Organization -- References -- Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States -- Introduction -- Influences of the Great Lakes -- General Description -- Vulnerabilities -- Regional Floods -- Severe Thunderstorms -- Summer drought, heat, and excess rain -- Heat Waves -- Winter Storms -- Regional Climate Trends -- Paleoclimate -- Instrumental Record -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes -- Growing Season -- Ice Cover -- Snowfall -- Cloudiness -- Humidity -- Wind -- Extreme Precipitation -- Extreme Temperatures -- Drought -- Synoptic Changes -- Summary -- Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis -- Climate Projections -- Downscaling Methods -- Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region -- Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections -- Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate -- Ensembles and Multi-Model Means -- "Shelf Life" of Climate Projections -- Evaluation of Climate Projections -- GCM Simulations -- NARCCAP Simulations -- Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region -- Annual and Seasonal Precipitation -- Precipitation Intensity -- Annual and Seasonal Temperature -- Temperature Thresholds and Indices -- Freeze Risk -- Apparent Temperature -- Level of Confidence -- Agriculture in The Midwest -- Historical Impacts on Crop Production -- Sensitivity to Temperature -- Potential Future Impacts -- CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration -- Water Quality -- Weeds, Pests, and Disease -- Stresses on Livestock -- Adaptation -- Risk Assessment -- Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems -- Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities -- Observed Responses to Temperature -- Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances -- Changes in Phenology -- Changes in Genetics and Morphology -- Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes -- Linking Observations to Future Changes -- Assessing Vulnerabilities -- Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest -- Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management -- Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives -- Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" -- Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater -- Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture -- Moving toward Smarter Conservation -- Five Key Points -- Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States -- Considerations and Caveats -- Forest Ecosystems -- Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region -- Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions -- Benefits from Forests -- Forest Products -- Water Resources -- Carbon Storage -- Recreational Opportunities -- Cultural Values -- Urban Forests -- Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems -- Climate Stressors -- Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) -- Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation -- Great Lakes Thermal Regimes -- Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change -- Hydrogeomorphology -- Productivity and Water Quality -- Coastal Fisheries -- Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure -- Coastal Property -- Discussion -- Recommendations -- Climate Change and Energy -- Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector -- Energy Profile for the Midwest -- Impacts on the Energy Sector -- Climate Change and Energy Demand -- Climate Change and Energy Supply -- Climate Change Policy -- Future Considerations and Issues -- Health -- Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest -- Air Pollution Risks -- Air Quality and Respiratory Disease -- Aeroallergens -- Waterborne Disease -- Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks -- Vectorborne Infectious Diseases -- West Nile Virus -- Lyme Disease -- Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) -- Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation -- Energy -- Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness -- Conclusion -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism -- Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) -- Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT -- Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors -- Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest -- Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) -- Implications for Winter Sports -- Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest -- Transportation and Climate Change -- Air -- Water -- Rail -- Surface Transportation -- Comparative Risk -- Extreme Heat -- Changing Precipitation Patterns -- Flooding Risk -- Snow -- Great Lakes Water Levels -- Ongoing Adaptation Efforts -- Chicago -- Wisconsin -- Iowa -- Michigan Department of Transportation -- Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) -- Research Needs -- Quantifying Impacts -- Adaptation Effectiveness -- Uncertainty -- Conclusions -- 12 Historic Variability of Hydroclimate -- Seasonal to Multi-Year Events -- Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes -- Non-climatic Influences -- Lake Water Temperature -- Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole -- Paleoclimatic Studies -- Future Projections -- Upper Mississippi/Missouri/Hudson Bay Watersheds -- Ohio River Watershed -- Great Lakes Watershed -- Commonality Among Many Studies -- Uncertainty and Probability -- Focus Midwestern Levees -- Levee Condition -- Increasing Flood Risk -- Complexity and Uncertainty: Implications for Climate Change Assessments -- Multiple Sources of Uncertainty -- Climate Extremes -- Co-Benefits of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- Spatial Interactions and Linkages -- Closing Remarks. |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)887802511 |
dewey-full | 363.738740977 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
dewey-raw | 363.738740977 |
dewey-search | 363.738740977 |
dewey-sort | 3363.738740977 |
dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
discipline | Soziologie |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>12252cam a2200601 i 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ZDB-4-EBA-ocn887802511</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">OCoLC</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20241004212047.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m o d </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr cnu---unuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">140819s2014 dcuab ob 000 0 eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">N$T</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield><subfield code="e">pn</subfield><subfield code="c">N$T</subfield><subfield code="d">YDXCP</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCF</subfield><subfield code="d">S4S</subfield><subfield code="d">ZCU</subfield><subfield code="d">EBLCP</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">AGLDB</subfield><subfield code="d">MOR</subfield><subfield code="d">PIFAG</subfield><subfield code="d">MERUC</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">U3W</subfield><subfield code="d">STF</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">VTS</subfield><subfield code="d">EZ9</subfield><subfield code="d">ICG</subfield><subfield code="d">INT</subfield><subfield code="d">VT2</subfield><subfield code="d">REC</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">WYU</subfield><subfield code="d">TKN</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">DKC</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">M8D</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCL</subfield><subfield code="d">UEJ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781610915113</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1610915119</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">1610914295</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">9781610914291</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)887802511</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="043" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">n-usc--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">QC903.2.U6</subfield><subfield code="b">A87 2014eb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">BUS</subfield><subfield code="x">032000</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">SOC</subfield><subfield code="x">000000</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">363.738740977</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Climate change in the Midwest :</subfield><subfield code="b">a synthesis report for the national climate assessment /</subfield><subfield code="c">edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington :</subfield><subfield code="b">Island Press,</subfield><subfield code="c">[2014]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (xviii, 249 pages) :</subfield><subfield code="b">illustrations, maps</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">National climate assessment regional technical input report series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Print version record.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Annotation</subfield><subfield code="b">Developed to inform the 2013 National Climate Assessment, and a landmark study in terms of its breadth and depth of coverage and conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, Climate Change in the Midwest examines the known effects and relationships of climate change variables on the eight states that make up the region. This state of the art assessment comes from a broad range of experts in academia, private industry, state and local governments, NGOs, professional societies, and impacted communities. It highlights past climate trends, projected climate change and vulnerabilities, and impacts to specific sectors. Rich in science and case studies, it examines the latest climate change impacts, scenarios, vulnerabilities, and adaptive capacity and offers decision makers and stakeholders a substantial basis from which to make informed choices that will affect the well-being of the region's inhabitants in the decades to come.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="g">Machine generated contents note:</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 1</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction to The Synthesis Report --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">About this Report --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Regional Context --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organization --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 2</subfield><subfield code="t">Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Influences of the Great Lakes --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">General Description --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vulnerabilities --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Regional Floods --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Severe Thunderstorms --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summer drought, heat, and excess rain --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Heat Waves --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Winter Storms --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Regional Climate Trends --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Paleoclimate --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Instrumental Record --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Growing Season --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ice Cover --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Snowfall --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.5.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cloudiness --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Humidity --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Wind --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Extreme Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Extreme Temperatures --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Drought --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Synoptic Changes --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 3</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Downscaling Methods --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ensembles and Multi-Model Means --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">"Shelf Life" of Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Evaluation of Climate Projections --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">GCM Simulations --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">NARCCAP Simulations --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Annual and Seasonal Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Precipitation Intensity --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Annual and Seasonal Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Temperature Thresholds and Indices --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Freeze Risk --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Apparent Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Wind --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Level of Confidence --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 4</subfield><subfield code="t">Agriculture in The Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Historical Impacts on Crop Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Sensitivity to Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Potential Future Impacts --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Water Quality --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Weeds, Pests, and Disease --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Stresses on Livestock --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Adaptation --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Risk Assessment --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 5</subfield><subfield code="t">Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Observed Responses to Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changes in Phenology --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changes in Genetics and Morphology --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Linking Observations to Future Changes --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Assessing Vulnerabilities --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moving toward Smarter Conservation --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Five Key Points --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 6</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organization --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Considerations and Caveats --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Forest Ecosystems --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Benefits from Forests --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Forest Products --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Water Resources --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Carbon Storage --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recreational Opportunities --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cultural Values --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Adaptation --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Forest Ecosystems --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Urban Forests --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Forest Products --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Water Resources --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Carbon Storage --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recreational Opportunities --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cultural Values --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 7</subfield><subfield code="t">Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Stressors --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Great Lakes Thermal Regimes --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Hydrogeomorphology --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Productivity and Water Quality --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Coastal Fisheries --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Coastal Property --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Discussion --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recommendations --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 8</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change and Energy --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Energy Profile for the Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Impacts on the Energy Sector --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change and Energy Demand --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change and Energy Supply --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change Policy --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Future Considerations and Issues --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 9</subfield><subfield code="t">Health --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Heat Waves --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Air Pollution Risks --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Air Quality and Respiratory Disease --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Aeroallergens --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Waterborne Disease --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vectorborne Infectious Diseases --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">West Nile Virus --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Lyme Disease --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Energy --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Conclusion --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 10</subfield><subfield code="t">Outdoor Recreation and Tourism --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Implications for Winter Sports --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Adaptation --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch. 11</subfield><subfield code="t">Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Transportation and Climate Change --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Air --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Water --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Rail --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Surface Transportation --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Comparative Risk --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Extreme Heat --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Changing Precipitation Patterns --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Flooding Risk --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Snow --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Great Lakes Water Levels --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ongoing Adaptation Efforts --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Chicago --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Wisconsin --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Iowa --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Michigan Department of Transportation --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Research Needs --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Quantifying Impacts --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Adaptation Effectiveness --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Uncertainty --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Conclusions --</subfield><subfield code="t">References --</subfield><subfield code="g">ch.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="t">12</subfield><subfield code="t">Water Resources --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Historic Variability of Hydroclimate --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Seasonal to Multi-Year Events --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Non-climatic Influences --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Lake Water Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Paleoclimatic Studies --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.4.</subfield><subfield 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geographic | Middle West fast |
geographic_facet | Middle West |
id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn887802511 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:26:08Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781610915113 1610915119 |
language | English |
oclc_num | 887802511 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
owner_facet | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
physical | 1 online resource (xviii, 249 pages) : illustrations, maps |
psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
publishDate | 2014 |
publishDateSearch | 2014 |
publishDateSort | 2014 |
publisher | Island Press, |
record_format | marc |
series | National climate assessment regional technical input report series. |
series2 | National climate assessment regional technical input report series |
spelling | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown. Washington : Island Press, [2014] 1 online resource (xviii, 249 pages) : illustrations, maps text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier National climate assessment regional technical input report series Includes bibliographical references. Print version record. Annotation Developed to inform the 2013 National Climate Assessment, and a landmark study in terms of its breadth and depth of coverage and conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, Climate Change in the Midwest examines the known effects and relationships of climate change variables on the eight states that make up the region. This state of the art assessment comes from a broad range of experts in academia, private industry, state and local governments, NGOs, professional societies, and impacted communities. It highlights past climate trends, projected climate change and vulnerabilities, and impacts to specific sectors. Rich in science and case studies, it examines the latest climate change impacts, scenarios, vulnerabilities, and adaptive capacity and offers decision makers and stakeholders a substantial basis from which to make informed choices that will affect the well-being of the region's inhabitants in the decades to come. Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction to The Synthesis Report -- 1.1. About this Report -- 1.2. Regional Context -- 1.3. Organization -- References -- ch. 2 Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Influences of the Great Lakes -- 2.3. General Description -- 2.4. Vulnerabilities -- 2.4.1. Regional Floods -- 2.4.2. Severe Thunderstorms -- 2.4.3. Summer drought, heat, and excess rain -- 2.4.4. Heat Waves -- 2.4.5. Winter Storms -- 2.5. Regional Climate Trends -- 2.5.1. Paleoclimate -- 2.5.2. Instrumental Record -- 2.5.2.1. Temperature -- 2.5.2.2. Precipitation -- 2.5.2.3. Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes -- 2.5.2.4. Growing Season -- 2.5.2.5. Ice Cover -- 2.5.2.6. Snowfall -- 2.2.5.7. Cloudiness -- 2.5.2.8. Humidity -- 2.5.2.9. Wind -- 2.5.2.10. Extreme Precipitation -- 2.5.2.11. Extreme Temperatures -- 2.5.2.12. Drought -- 2.5.3. Synoptic Changes -- 2.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 3 Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Climate Projections -- 3.2.1. Downscaling Methods -- 3.2.1.1. Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- 3.2.1.2. Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- 3.2.2. Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region -- 3.2.3. Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections -- 3.2.3.1. Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate -- 3.2.3.2. Ensembles and Multi-Model Means -- 3.2.3.3. "Shelf Life" of Climate Projections -- 3.2.4. Evaluation of Climate Projections -- 3.2.4.1. GCM Simulations -- 3.2.4.2. NARCCAP Simulations -- 3.3. Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region -- 3.3.1. Precipitation -- 3.3.1.1. Annual and Seasonal Precipitation -- 3.3.1.2. Precipitation Intensity -- 3.3.2. Temperature -- 3.3.2.1. Annual and Seasonal Temperature -- 3.3.2.2. Temperature Thresholds and Indices -- 3.3.2.3. Freeze Risk -- 3.3.2.4. Apparent Temperature -- 3.3.3. Wind -- 3.4. Level of Confidence -- 3.5. Summary -- References -- ch. 4 Agriculture in The Midwest -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Historical Impacts on Crop Production -- 4.3. Sensitivity to Temperature -- 4.4. Potential Future Impacts -- 4.4.1. Temperature -- 4.4.2. CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration -- 4.4.3. Precipitation -- 4.4.4. Water Quality -- 4.4.5. Weeds, Pests, and Disease -- 4.4.6. Stresses on Livestock -- 4.5. Adaptation -- 4.6. Risk Assessment -- 4.7. Summary -- References -- ch. 5 Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities -- 5.3. Observed Responses to Temperature -- 5.4. Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances -- 5.5. Changes in Phenology -- 5.6. Changes in Genetics and Morphology -- 5.7. Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes -- 5.8. Linking Observations to Future Changes -- 5.9. Assessing Vulnerabilities -- 5.10. Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest -- 5.10.1. Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management -- 5.10.2. Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives -- 5.10.3. Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" -- 5.10.4. Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater -- 5.10.5. Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture -- 5.10.6. Moving toward Smarter Conservation -- 5.11. Five Key Points -- References -- ch. 6 Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Organization -- 6.3. Considerations and Caveats -- 6.4. Forest Ecosystems -- 6.4.1. Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region -- 6.4.2. Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions -- 6.5. Benefits from Forests -- 6.5.1. Forest Products -- 6.5.2. Water Resources -- 6.5.3. Carbon Storage -- 6.5.4. Recreational Opportunities -- 6.5.5. Cultural Values -- 6.6. Adaptation -- 6.6.1. Forest Ecosystems -- 6.6.2. Urban Forests -- 6.6.3. Forest Products -- 6.6.4. Water Resources -- 6.6.5. Carbon Storage -- 6.6.6. Recreational Opportunities -- 6.6.7. Cultural Values -- 6.7. Summary -- References -- ch. 7 Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Climate Stressors -- 7.2.1. Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) -- 7.2.2. Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation -- 7.2.3. Great Lakes Thermal Regimes -- 7.3. Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change -- 7.3.1. Hydrogeomorphology -- 7.3.2. Productivity and Water Quality -- 7.3.3. Coastal Fisheries -- 7.3.4. Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure -- 7.3.5. Coastal Property -- 7.4. Discussion -- 7.5. Recommendations -- 7.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 8 Climate Change and Energy -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.1.1. Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector -- 8.1.2. Energy Profile for the Midwest -- 8.2. Impacts on the Energy Sector -- 8.2.1. Climate Change and Energy Demand -- 8.2.2. Climate Change and Energy Supply -- 8.2.3. Climate Change Policy -- 8.3. Future Considerations and Issues -- 8.4. Summary -- References -- ch. 9 Health -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest -- 9.2.1. Heat Waves -- 9.2.2. Air Pollution Risks -- 9.2.2.1. Air Quality and Respiratory Disease -- 9.2.2.2. Aeroallergens -- 9.2.3. Waterborne Disease -- 9.2.4. Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks -- 9.2.5. Vectorborne Infectious Diseases -- 9.2.5.1. West Nile Virus -- 9.2.5.2. Lyme Disease -- 9.3. Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) -- 9.4. Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation -- 9.4.1. Energy -- 9.4.2. Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness -- 9.5. Conclusion -- References -- ch. 10 Outdoor Recreation and Tourism -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy -- 10.3. Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) -- 10.3.1. Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT -- 10.3.2. Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors -- 10.4. Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest -- 10.4.1. Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) -- 10.4.2. Implications for Winter Sports -- 10.5. Adaptation -- 10.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 11 Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Transportation and Climate Change -- 11.2.1. Air -- 11.2.2. Water -- 11.2.3. Rail -- 11.2.4. Surface Transportation -- 11.3. Comparative Risk -- 11.3.1. Extreme Heat -- 11.3.2. Changing Precipitation Patterns -- 11.3.2.1. Flooding Risk -- 11.3.2.2. Snow -- 11.3.3. Great Lakes Water Levels -- 11.4. Ongoing Adaptation Efforts -- 11.4.1. Chicago -- 11.4.2. Wisconsin -- 11.4.3. Iowa -- 11.4.4. Michigan Department of Transportation -- 11.4.5. Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) -- 11.5. Research Needs -- 11.5.1. Quantifying Impacts -- 11.5.2. Adaptation Effectiveness -- 11.5.3. Uncertainty -- 11.6. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 12 Water Resources -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Historic Variability of Hydroclimate -- 12.2.1. Seasonal to Multi-Year Events -- 12.2.2. Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes -- 12.2.3. Non-climatic Influences -- 12.2.4. Lake Water Temperature -- 12.2.5. Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole -- 12.3. Paleoclimatic Studies -- 12.4. Future Projections -- 12.4.1. Upper Mississippi/Missouri/Hudson Bay Watersheds -- 12.4.2. Ohio River Watershed -- 12.4.3. Great Lakes Watershed -- 12.4.4. Commonality Among Many Studies -- 12.5. Uncertainty and Probability -- 12.6. Conclusions -- References -- Focus Midwestern Levees -- Introduction -- Levee Condition -- Increasing Flood Risk -- Adaptation -- Conclusion -- References -- ch. 13 Complexity and Uncertainty: Implications for Climate Change Assessments -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Multiple Sources of Uncertainty -- 13.3. Climate Extremes -- 13.4. Co-Benefits of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- 13.5. Spatial Interactions and Linkages -- 13.6. Closing Remarks. Climatic changes Risk assessment Middle West. Climat Changements Évaluation du risque Midwest (États-Unis) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Infrastructure. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Climatic changes Risk assessment fast Middle West fast Winkler, Julie A. Andresen, Jeffrey A. Hatfield, Jerry L. Bidwell, David, 1969- https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMpTHpfrJvqHqVXFq8BRq http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2011014414 Brown, Daniel G. Print version: Climate change in the Midwest 1610914295 (OCoLC)847348434 National climate assessment regional technical input report series. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013130760 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=815452 Volltext |
spellingShingle | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / National climate assessment regional technical input report series. Introduction to The Synthesis Report -- About this Report -- Regional Context -- Organization -- References -- Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States -- Introduction -- Influences of the Great Lakes -- General Description -- Vulnerabilities -- Regional Floods -- Severe Thunderstorms -- Summer drought, heat, and excess rain -- Heat Waves -- Winter Storms -- Regional Climate Trends -- Paleoclimate -- Instrumental Record -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes -- Growing Season -- Ice Cover -- Snowfall -- Cloudiness -- Humidity -- Wind -- Extreme Precipitation -- Extreme Temperatures -- Drought -- Synoptic Changes -- Summary -- Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis -- Climate Projections -- Downscaling Methods -- Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region -- Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections -- Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate -- Ensembles and Multi-Model Means -- "Shelf Life" of Climate Projections -- Evaluation of Climate Projections -- GCM Simulations -- NARCCAP Simulations -- Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region -- Annual and Seasonal Precipitation -- Precipitation Intensity -- Annual and Seasonal Temperature -- Temperature Thresholds and Indices -- Freeze Risk -- Apparent Temperature -- Level of Confidence -- Agriculture in The Midwest -- Historical Impacts on Crop Production -- Sensitivity to Temperature -- Potential Future Impacts -- CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration -- Water Quality -- Weeds, Pests, and Disease -- Stresses on Livestock -- Adaptation -- Risk Assessment -- Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems -- Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities -- Observed Responses to Temperature -- Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances -- Changes in Phenology -- Changes in Genetics and Morphology -- Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes -- Linking Observations to Future Changes -- Assessing Vulnerabilities -- Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest -- Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management -- Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives -- Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" -- Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater -- Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture -- Moving toward Smarter Conservation -- Five Key Points -- Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States -- Considerations and Caveats -- Forest Ecosystems -- Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region -- Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions -- Benefits from Forests -- Forest Products -- Water Resources -- Carbon Storage -- Recreational Opportunities -- Cultural Values -- Urban Forests -- Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems -- Climate Stressors -- Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) -- Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation -- Great Lakes Thermal Regimes -- Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change -- Hydrogeomorphology -- Productivity and Water Quality -- Coastal Fisheries -- Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure -- Coastal Property -- Discussion -- Recommendations -- Climate Change and Energy -- Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector -- Energy Profile for the Midwest -- Impacts on the Energy Sector -- Climate Change and Energy Demand -- Climate Change and Energy Supply -- Climate Change Policy -- Future Considerations and Issues -- Health -- Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest -- Air Pollution Risks -- Air Quality and Respiratory Disease -- Aeroallergens -- Waterborne Disease -- Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks -- Vectorborne Infectious Diseases -- West Nile Virus -- Lyme Disease -- Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) -- Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation -- Energy -- Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness -- Conclusion -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism -- Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) -- Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT -- Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors -- Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest -- Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) -- Implications for Winter Sports -- Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest -- Transportation and Climate Change -- Air -- Water -- Rail -- Surface Transportation -- Comparative Risk -- Extreme Heat -- Changing Precipitation Patterns -- Flooding Risk -- Snow -- Great Lakes Water Levels -- Ongoing Adaptation Efforts -- Chicago -- Wisconsin -- Iowa -- Michigan Department of Transportation -- Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) -- Research Needs -- Quantifying Impacts -- Adaptation Effectiveness -- Uncertainty -- Conclusions -- 12 Historic Variability of Hydroclimate -- Seasonal to Multi-Year Events -- Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes -- Non-climatic Influences -- Lake Water Temperature -- Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole -- Paleoclimatic Studies -- Future Projections -- Upper Mississippi/Missouri/Hudson Bay Watersheds -- Ohio River Watershed -- Great Lakes Watershed -- Commonality Among Many Studies -- Uncertainty and Probability -- Focus Midwestern Levees -- Levee Condition -- Increasing Flood Risk -- Complexity and Uncertainty: Implications for Climate Change Assessments -- Multiple Sources of Uncertainty -- Climate Extremes -- Co-Benefits of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- Spatial Interactions and Linkages -- Closing Remarks. Climatic changes Risk assessment Middle West. Climat Changements Évaluation du risque Midwest (États-Unis) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Infrastructure. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Climatic changes Risk assessment fast |
title | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / |
title_alt | Introduction to The Synthesis Report -- About this Report -- Regional Context -- Organization -- References -- Historical Climate and Climate Trends in The Midwestern United States -- Introduction -- Influences of the Great Lakes -- General Description -- Vulnerabilities -- Regional Floods -- Severe Thunderstorms -- Summer drought, heat, and excess rain -- Heat Waves -- Winter Storms -- Regional Climate Trends -- Paleoclimate -- Instrumental Record -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Seasonality of Temperature and Precipitation Changes -- Growing Season -- Ice Cover -- Snowfall -- Cloudiness -- Humidity -- Wind -- Extreme Precipitation -- Extreme Temperatures -- Drought -- Synoptic Changes -- Summary -- Climate Projections for The Midwest: Availability, Interpretation, and Synthesis -- Climate Projections -- Downscaling Methods -- Dynamically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Statistically-Downscaled Climate Projections -- Available Climate Change Projections for the National Climate Assessment Midwest Region -- Considerations when Using and/or Interpreting Climate Projections -- Influence of Regional Topography or Circulation on Climate -- Ensembles and Multi-Model Means -- "Shelf Life" of Climate Projections -- Evaluation of Climate Projections -- GCM Simulations -- NARCCAP Simulations -- Projected Future Climate Change for the Midwest Region -- Annual and Seasonal Precipitation -- Precipitation Intensity -- Annual and Seasonal Temperature -- Temperature Thresholds and Indices -- Freeze Risk -- Apparent Temperature -- Level of Confidence -- Agriculture in The Midwest -- Historical Impacts on Crop Production -- Sensitivity to Temperature -- Potential Future Impacts -- CO2 Concentration and Evapotranspiration -- Water Quality -- Weeds, Pests, and Disease -- Stresses on Livestock -- Adaptation -- Risk Assessment -- Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystems -- Linking Climate Impacts to Species and System Sensitivities -- Observed Responses to Temperature -- Changes in Species Ranges and Relative Abundances -- Changes in Phenology -- Changes in Genetics and Morphology -- Changes in Key Disturbance Factors and Processes -- Linking Observations to Future Changes -- Assessing Vulnerabilities -- Helping Species and Systems Adapt in the Midwest -- Increase Connectivity and "Soften" Management -- Continue to Proactively Address the Threat of Invasives -- Shifting Some of our Conservation Attention from Species to "Stages" -- Increasing "Green Infrastructure" to Handle Stormwater -- Protect People and Nature by Restoring Functional Ecosystems in Watersheds Dominated by Agriculture -- Moving toward Smarter Conservation -- Five Key Points -- Climate Change Vulnerabilities Within The Foresty Sector For The Midwestern United States -- Considerations and Caveats -- Forest Ecosystems -- Key Vulnerabilities across the Midwest Region -- Considerations Within Particular Ecoregions -- Benefits from Forests -- Forest Products -- Water Resources -- Carbon Storage -- Recreational Opportunities -- Cultural Values -- Urban Forests -- Great Lakes Nearshore and Coastal Systems -- Climate Stressors -- Great Lakes Water Level Regimes (Water Levels) -- Changing Storm Patterns and Precipitation -- Great Lakes Thermal Regimes -- Vulnerability of Great Lakes Coastal Systems to Climate Change -- Hydrogeomorphology -- Productivity and Water Quality -- Coastal Fisheries -- Ports and Harbors/Infrastructure -- Coastal Property -- Discussion -- Recommendations -- Climate Change and Energy -- Structure and Regulation of the Energy Sector -- Energy Profile for the Midwest -- Impacts on the Energy Sector -- Climate Change and Energy Demand -- Climate Change and Energy Supply -- Climate Change Policy -- Future Considerations and Issues -- Health -- Current Climate Sensitivities and Projected Risks for the Midwest -- Air Pollution Risks -- Air Quality and Respiratory Disease -- Aeroallergens -- Waterborne Disease -- Climate, Lake Ecology, and Health Risks -- Vectorborne Infectious Diseases -- West Nile Virus -- Lyme Disease -- Current Adaptive Capacity (Example for Heat Waves) -- Health Co-Benefits of GHG Mitigation -- Energy -- Case Study: Co-Benefits of Alternative Transportation Futures from Improving Air Quality and Physical Fitness -- Conclusion -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism -- Importance of Travel and Tourism to the U.S. Economy -- Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (ORT) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC) -- Direct and Indirect Implications of CVC for ORT -- Implications of CVC for ORT -- Supply and Demand Side Factors -- Implications of CVC for ORT in the Midwest -- Application of the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) -- Implications for Winter Sports -- Climate Change Impacts on Transportation in The Midwest -- Transportation and Climate Change -- Air -- Water -- Rail -- Surface Transportation -- Comparative Risk -- Extreme Heat -- Changing Precipitation Patterns -- Flooding Risk -- Snow -- Great Lakes Water Levels -- Ongoing Adaptation Efforts -- Chicago -- Wisconsin -- Iowa -- Michigan Department of Transportation -- Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) -- Research Needs -- Quantifying Impacts -- Adaptation Effectiveness -- Uncertainty -- Conclusions -- 12 Historic Variability of Hydroclimate -- Seasonal to Multi-Year Events -- Frequency of Localized, Short-Term Extremes -- Non-climatic Influences -- Lake Water Temperature -- Coupled Atmospheric-Hydrologic Phenomenon-Warming Hole -- Paleoclimatic Studies -- Future Projections -- Upper Mississippi/Missouri/Hudson Bay Watersheds -- Ohio River Watershed -- Great Lakes Watershed -- Commonality Among Many Studies -- Uncertainty and Probability -- Focus Midwestern Levees -- Levee Condition -- Increasing Flood Risk -- Complexity and Uncertainty: Implications for Climate Change Assessments -- Multiple Sources of Uncertainty -- Climate Extremes -- Co-Benefits of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- Spatial Interactions and Linkages -- Closing Remarks. |
title_auth | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / |
title_exact_search | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / |
title_full | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown. |
title_fullStr | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown. |
title_full_unstemmed | Climate change in the Midwest : a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / edited by Julie A. Winkler, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Jerry L. Hatfield, David Bidwell, Daniel Brown. |
title_short | Climate change in the Midwest : |
title_sort | climate change in the midwest a synthesis report for the national climate assessment |
title_sub | a synthesis report for the national climate assessment / |
topic | Climatic changes Risk assessment Middle West. Climat Changements Évaluation du risque Midwest (États-Unis) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Infrastructure. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Climatic changes Risk assessment fast |
topic_facet | Climatic changes Risk assessment Middle West. Climat Changements Évaluation du risque Midwest (États-Unis) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Infrastructure. SOCIAL SCIENCE General. Climatic changes Risk assessment Middle West |
url | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=815452 |
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