Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams /:
Annotation
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Shrewsbury :
Smithers Rapra,
2013.
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | Annotation |
| Beschreibung: | Includes index. |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource |
| ISBN: | 9781847359759 1847359752 1299660312 9781299660311 1847359744 9781847359742 1628700416 9781628700411 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 003 | OCoLC | ||
| 005 | 20241004212047.0 | ||
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| 008 | 130614s2013 enk o 001 0 eng d | ||
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| 020 | |a 1299660312 |q (electronic bk.) | ||
| 020 | |a 9781299660311 |q (electronic bk.) | ||
| 020 | |a 1847359744 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781847359742 | ||
| 020 | |a 1628700416 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781628700411 | ||
| 020 | |z 9781847359742 |q (pbk.) | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)847947565 |z (OCoLC)961543552 |z (OCoLC)962681085 |z (OCoLC)1058476580 | ||
| 050 | 4 | |a TP1180.P8 |b .D384 2013 | |
| 072 | 7 | |a TEC |x 009010 |2 bisacsh | |
| 082 | 7 | |a 668.4239 |2 23 | |
| 049 | |a MAIN | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Defonseka, Chris. | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / |c Chris Defonseka. |
| 260 | |a Shrewsbury : |b Smithers Rapra, |c 2013. | ||
| 300 | |a 1 online resource | ||
| 336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes index. | ||
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
| 520 | 8 | |a Annotation |b Polyurethanes are very versatile and exciting materials of the plastics family. Although there are many types, the flexible and viscoelastic foams have opened up vast possibilities as viable business ventures and expanding applications, and have established themselves as an essential part of daily life, replacing traditional materials over the years. This book imparts a sound knowledge of flexible and viscoelastic polyurethane foams from their chemistry to calculations and formulating methodology for quality production. The author presents very valuable detailed information on foam manufacturing based on more than 40 years hands-on experience in the local and international situations. The detailed presentation of two manufacturing setups will greatly benefit entrepreneurs, medium-volume producers and large-volume manufacturers. For entrepreneurs, the innovative low-cost startup, high-profit, tried and tested methods will be very encouraging. The medium-to-large-volume producers will find the information provided interesting and practical to solve the inherent problems of excess wastage, better process control and plant efficiency, thereby enhancing profitability. Due to global environmental concerns, as polyurethane chemical components move from petroleum sources to bio-based renewable resources, developers are facing interesting challenges. For continued profitable production, challenges facing the foam machinery manufacturers will be to offer cost-effective, highly efficient and compatible machinery to producers. This book provides practical guidance in all aspects of the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams, and is an ideal information source for students, teachers, producers and entrepreneurs. | |
| 505 | 0 | 0 | |g Machine generated contents note: |g 1. |t Introduction -- |g 1.1. |t Brief History -- |g 1.1.1. |t Flexible Foams -- |g 1.1.2. |t Rigid Polyurethane Foams -- |g 1.1.3. |t Automotives -- |g 1.1.4. |t Elastomers -- |g 1.1.5. |t Insulation -- |g 1.1.6. |t Moulded Parts -- |g 1.1.7. |t Spray Roofing Systems -- |g 1.1.8. |t Speciality Urethane Systems -- |g 1.2. |t Types of Foams -- |g 1.3. |t Basic Foam Grades -- |g 1.4. |t Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? -- |g 1.5. |t Flexible Slabstock Foams -- |g 1.6. |t What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? -- |g 1.7. |t What is a Viscoelastic Foam? -- |g 1.8. |t Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams -- |g 1.9. |t Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams -- |g 1.10. |t Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams -- |g 1.10.1. |t Reduction and Relief of Pressure -- |g 1.10.2. |t Hyper or Pseudo Effects? -- |g 1.10.3. |t Viscoelastic Foam: Summary -- |g 1.10.4. |t End Applications -- |g 2. |t Basic Chemistry -- |g 2.1. |t Brief Introduction -- |g 2.2. |t Organic Chemistry -- |g 2.2.1. |t Basics -- |g 2.2.2. |t History -- |g 2.2.3. |t Characteristics -- |g 2.2.4. |t Properties -- |g 2.2.5. |t Melting and Boiling Properties -- |g 2.2.6. |t Solubility -- |g 2.2.7. |t Nomenclature -- |g 2.2.8. |t Structural Presentation -- |g 2.3. |t Classification of Organic Compounds -- |g 2.3.1. |t Functional Groups -- |g 2.3.2. |t Aliphatic Compounds -- |g 2.3.3. |t Aromatic Compounds -- |g 2.3.4. |t Heterocyclic Compounds -- |g 2.3.5. |t Polymers -- |g 2.3.6. |t Organic Synthesis -- |g 2.3.7. |t Organic Reactions -- |g 2.4. |t Inorganic Chemistry -- |g 2.4.1. |t Industrial Inorganic Chemistry -- |g 2.5. |t Classification of Inorganic Chemistry -- |g 2.5.1. |t Coordination Compounds -- |g 2.5.2. |t Main Group Compounds -- |g 2.5.3. |t Transition Metal Compounds -- |g 2.5.4. |t Organometallic Compounds -- |g 2.5.5. |t Cluster Compounds -- |g 2.5.6. |t Bio-inorganic Compounds -- |g 2.5.7. |t Solid State Compounds -- |g 2.5.8. |t Qualitative Theories -- |g 2.5.9. |t Molecular Symmetry Group Theory -- |g 2.6. |t Basics of Analytical Chemistry -- |g 2.6.1. |t Qualitative Analyses -- |g 2.6.1.1. |t Flame Test -- |g 2.6.1.2. |t Gravimetric Analyses -- |g 2.6.1.3. |t Volumetric Analyses -- |g 2.6.1.4. |t Mass Spectrometry -- |g 2.6.1.5. |t Electrochemical Analyses -- |g 2.6.1.6. |t Microscopy -- |g 3. |t Basic Polymer Chemistry -- |g 3.1. |t What is a Polymer? -- |g 3.1.1. |t Polymer Synthesis -- |g 3.1.2. |t Modification of Natural Polymers -- |g 3.2. |t Polymer Properties -- |g 3.2.1. |t Monomers -- |g 3.2.2. |t Microstructure -- |g 3.2.3. |t Chain Length! -- |g 3.2.4. |t Molecular Mass (Weight) -- |g 3.2.5. |t Polymerisation -- |g 3.2.6. |t Condensation Polymerisation -- |g 3.3. |t Mechanical Properties -- |g 3.3.1. |t Tensile Strength -- |g 3.3.2. |t Young's Modulus of Elasticity -- |g 3.3.3. |t Melting Point -- |g 3.3.4. |t Glass Transition Temperature -- |g 3.3.5. |t Mixing Behaviour -- |g 3.3.6. |t Polymer Degradation -- |g 4. |t Polyurethane Raw Materials -- |g 4.1. |t Polyols -- |g 4.1.1. |t Graft Polyols -- |g 4.1.2. |t Isocyanates -- |g 4.1.3. |t Bio-polyols -- |g 4.2. |t Catalysts -- |g 4.3. |t Blowing. Agents -- |g 4.4. |t Surfactants -- |g 4.5. |t Methylene Chloride -- |g 4.6. |t Additives -- |g 4.6.1. |t Pigments -- |g 4.6.2. |t Fillers -- |g 4.6.3. |t Retardants -- |g 4.6.4. |t Anti-oxidants -- |g 4.6.5. |t Anti-static Agents -- |g 4.6.6. |t Cell Openers -- |g 4.6.7. |t Plasticisers -- |g 4.6.8. |t Anti-bacterial Agents -- |g 4.6.9. |t Ultraviolet Stabilisers -- |g 4.6.10. |t Colorants -- |g 4.6.11. |t Colour Basics -- |g 4.6.12. |t Foam Hardeners -- |g 4.6.13. |t Crosslinkers -- |g 4.6.14. |t Compatibilisers -- |g 4.7. |t Accessories -- |g 4.7.1. |t Kraft Paper -- |g 4.7.2. |t Machine-glazed Paper -- |g 4.7.3. |t Polyethylene-coated Paper -- |g 4.7.4. |t Peelable Kraft Paper -- |g 4.7.5. |t Plastic Films -- |g 4.7.6. |t Mould Release Agents -- |g 4.8. |t Summary -- |g 5. |t Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam -- |g 5.1. |t Properties of-Polyurethane Foam -- |g 5.1.1. |t Basic Physical Properties -- |g 5.1.2. |t Tension Test (Tensile Strength) -- |g 5.1.3. |t Tear Resistance -- |g 5.1.4. |t Airflow -- |g 5.1.5. |t Resilience -- |g 5.1.6. |t Fogging -- |g 5.1.7. |t Durability -- |g 5.2. |t In Industrial Applications -- |g 5.2.1. |t Foam is a Good Air Sealant -- |g 5.3. |t Closed Cell Foams -- |g 5.3.1. |t Foams have Structural Advantages -- |g 5.3.2. |t Foam usage in Sound Control -- |g 5.4. |t Foaming Technology -- |g 5.4.1. |t Raw Materials and Their Functions -- |g 5.4.2. |t Polyols -- |g 5.4.3. |t Di-isocyanate -- |g 5.4.4. |t Water -- |g 5.4.5. |t Auxiliary Blowing Agents -- |g 5.4.6. |t Catalysts -- |g 5.4.7. |t Silicone Surfactants -- |g 5.4.8. |t Graft Polyols -- |g 5.4.9. |t Extenders -- |g 5.4.10. |t Colourants -- |g 5.4.11. |t Fillers -- |g 5.4.12. |t Additives -- |g 5.5. |t Foaming Process -- |g 5.5.1. |t Mixing -- |g 5.5.2. |t Nucleation -- |g 5.5.3. |t Expansion -- |g 5.5.4. |t Cell Opening -- |g 5.5.5. |t Gelation -- |g 5.5.6. |t Curing -- |g 5.6. |t Storage of Foam Blocks -- |g 5.7. |t Cutting and Fabrication -- |g 5.8. |t Filled Foam -- |g 5.8.1. |t Type of Filler -- |g 5.8.2. |t How Much Filler can be used? -- |g 5.9. |t Effects of Changes in Physical Properties -- |g 5.10. |t Processing Difficulties -- |g 5.11. |t Description of Additional Equipment -- |g 5.12. |t Procedure -- |g 6. |t Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations -- |g 6.1. |t Calculations -- |g 6.1.1. |t Density -- |g 6.1.2. |t Mixing Ratio -- |g 6.1.3. |t Isocyanate Index -- |g 6.1.4. |t Ratio Calculation -- |g 6.1.5. |t Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate -- |g 6.1.6. |t Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume -- |g 6.2. |t Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process -- |g 6.2.1. |t Calculation of Material Required -- |g 6.2.2. |t Calculating Raw Material Components -- |g 6.3. |t Typical Formulations -- |g 6.3.1. |t Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) -- |g 6.3.2. |t High-resilience Foams -- |g 6.3.3. |t Viscoelastic Foam -- |g 6.3.4. |t Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) -- |g 6.4. |t Calculating Indentation Force Deflection -- |g 6.5. |t Calculating Electrical Power -- |g 6.5.1. |t Basic Example as a Guideline -- |g 6.6. |t Calculating Water Requirements -- |g 6.7. |t Compressed Air -- |g 6.7.1. |t Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator -- |g 6.8. |t Financial Indicators -- |g 6.8.1. |t Breakeven Point -- |g 6.8.2. |t Return on Equity -- |g 6.8.3. |t Return on Assets -- |g 6.8.4. |t Gross Profit Margin -- |g 6.8.5. |t Cash Flow -- |g 6.8.6. |t Contribution Margin -- |g 6.8.7. |t Debt to Equity Ratio -- |g 6.9. |t Quick Performance Indicators -- |g 6.9.1. |t Return per Kilogramme -- |g 6.9.2. |t Cost per Kilogramme -- |g 6.9.3. |t Breakeven Analysis -- |g 6.10. |t Recommended Basic Foam Formulations -- |g 6.11. |t To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) -- |g 7. |t Plant Machinery, and Equipment -- |g 7.1. |t Mould Design -- |g 7.1.1. |t Design Philosophy -- |g 7.1.2. |t Defining Product Requirements -- |g 7.1.3. |t Loading Conditions -- |g 7.1.4. |t Environmental Conditions -- |g 7.1.5. |t Dimensional Requirements -- |g 7.1.6. |t Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model -- |g 7.1.7. |t Material Selection -- |g 7.1.8. |t Process Selection -- |g 7.1.9. |t Process Influences -- |g 7.1.10. |t Orientation of the Final ̀Product' -- |g 7.1.11. |t Computer Simulation -- |g 7.1.12. |t Shrinkage and Warping -- |g 7.1.13. |t Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams -- |g 7.2. |t Foaming Machinery and Equipment -- |g 7.2.1. |t Low-pressure Machines -- |g 7.2.2. |t High-pressure Machines -- |g 7.2.3. |t Images of Foaming Machines -- |g 7.3. |t Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- |g 7.3.1. |t Horizontal Cutting -- |g 7.3.2. |t Vertical Cutting -- |g 7.3.3. |t Specialised Cutting -- |g 8. |t Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams -- |g 8.1. |t Box Process for Small-volume Producers -- |g 8.1.1. |t Process -- |g 8.1.2. |t Advantages -- |g 8.1.3. |t Disadvantages -- |g 8.2. |t Discontinuous Process -- |g 8.2.1. |t Manual Process -- |g 8.2.2. |t Advantages -- |g 8.2.3. |t Disadvantages -- |g 8.3. |t Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes -- |g 8.3.1. |t Advantages -- |g 8.3.2. |t Disadvantages -- |g 8.4. |t Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming -- |g 8.5. |t Continuous Process -- |g 8.5.1. |t Advantages -- |g 8.5.2. |t Disadvantages -- |g 8.6. |t Maxfoam System -- |g 8.6.1. |t Basic Principles -- |g 8.6.2. |t Basic Features of the Maxfoam System -- |g 8.7. |t Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System -- |g 8.8. |t Varimax Continuous System -- |g 8.9. |t C-Max High-pressure System -- |g 8.10. |t CarDio Process -- |g 8.11. |t Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming -- |g 8.12. |t Laboratory-scale Production -- |g 8.13. |t Inherent Waste Factors -- |g 8.14. |t Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams -- |g 8.14.1. |t Component A -- |g 8.15. |t Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate -- |g 8.16. |t Polyol Blends -- |g 8.17. |t Basic Chemical Reactions -- |g 8.18. |t Shipping Containers for Component Systems -- |g 8.19. |t Checking for Water Contamination -- |g 8.20. |t Unloading and Storage of Chemicals -- |g 8.21. |t Preparing for Production -- |g 8.21.1. |t Filling the Day Tanks -- |g 8.21.2. |t Calibration of Processing Equipment -- |g 8.21.3. |t Foam Re-activities -- |g 8.21.4. |t Throughput -- |g 8.21.5. |t Free Rise Density -- |g 8.21.6. |t Foam |
| 505 | 0 | 0 | |t Structure -- |g 8.21.7. |t Filling the Moulds -- |g 8.21.8. |t Pouring Pattern Tips -- |g 8.21.9. |t About Moulds -- |g 8.21.10. |t Mould-release Agents -- |g 8.21.11. |t In-mould Coatings -- |g 8.21.12. |t Moulding with Inserts -- |g 8.21.13. |t Mould Clamping -- |g 8.21.14. |t Mould Cleaning -- |g 8.21.15. |t Flushing the Mixhead -- |g 8.21.16. |t Lead-lag -- |g 8.21.17. |t Recharging Day Tanks -- |g 8.22. |t Examples of Typical Processing -- |g 8.22.1. |t Material Storage -- |g 8.22.2. |t Handling of Raw Material -- |g 8.22.3. |t Moulds -- |g 8.22.4. |t Mixing and Weighing Procedures -- |g 8.22.5. |t Tips for Minimising Waste -- |g 9. |t Basic Safety Factors -- |g 9.1. |t Buildings -- |g 9.2. |t Storage of Raw Materials -- |g 9.3. |t Production -- |g 9.4. |t Safety Provisions -- |g 9.5. |t Basics of Spill Management -- |g 9.6. |t Recommended Safety Equipment -- |g 9.7. |t Handling Precautions -- |g 9.8. |t Health and Industrial Hygiene -- |g 9.8.1. |t Polyols -- |g 9.8.2. |t Isocyanates and Prepolymers -- |g 9.8.3. |t Component Systems -- |g 9.8.4. |t Other Raw Materials -- |g 9.9. |t Spill Management -- |g 10. |t Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur -- |g 10.1. |t Example A: Manual Operation -- |g 10.1.1. |t Raw Materials -- |g 10.1.2. |t Moulds -- |g 10.1.3. |t Cutting and Fabrication. |
| 505 | 0 | 0 | |g Note continued: |g 10.1.4. |t Hot-wire Cutting Machine -- |g 10.1.5. |t Production Method -- |g 10.2. |t Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks -- |g 10.2.1. |t Foaming Systems -- |g 10.3. |t Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant -- |g 10.3.1. |t Foaming Machine -- |g 10.3.2. |t Foam Cutting Machines -- |g 10.3.2.1. |t One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine -- |g 10.3.2.2. |t Vertical Cutting Machine -- |g 10.3.3. |t Foam-shredding Machine -- |g 10.4. |t Fully Automatic Operation -- |g 10.4.1. |t Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) -- |g 11. |t Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers -- |g 11.1. |t Planned Production -- |g 11.2. |t Location and Factory Buildings -- |g 11.3. |t Storage of Raw Materials -- |g 11.3.1. |t Storage Conditions -- |g 11.3.2. |t Tank Room -- |g 11.4. |t Trough Paper -- |g 11.5. |t General Machinery -- |g 11.6. |t Basic Equipment -- |g 11.7. |t Utilities -- |g 11.8. |t Plant Layout -- |g 11.9. |t In-house Laboratory -- |g 11.10. |t Quality Control -- |g 11.11. |t Safety Systems -- |g 11.12. |t Foam Production -- |g 11.13. |t Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- |g 11.14. |t Recycling of Foam Waste -- |g 12. |t Recommendations for Process Efficiency -- |g 12.1. |t Basic Laboratory Equipment -- |g 12.2. |t Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants -- |g 12.1.1. |t Key Factors on a Production Floor -- |g 12.2.2. |t Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants -- |g 12.3. |t Guidelines for a Quality Control System -- |g 12.3.1. |t What is a Control Chart? -- |g 12.3.2. |t What is an X-R Chart? -- |g 12.3.3. |t What is a P Chart? -- |g 12.4. |t General Recommendations for Troubleshooting. |
| 546 | |a English. | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Polyurethanes. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740 | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Foamed materials. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608 | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Polyurethanes |0 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140 | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Polyuréthannes. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Mousses (Matériaux) | |
| 650 | 7 | |a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING |x Chemical & Biochemical. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Foamed materials |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Polyurethanes |2 fast | |
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| author | Defonseka, Chris |
| author_facet | Defonseka, Chris |
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| callnumber-raw | TP1180.P8 .D384 2013 |
| callnumber-search | TP1180.P8 .D384 2013 |
| callnumber-sort | TP 41180 P8 D384 42013 |
| callnumber-subject | TP - Chemical Technology |
| collection | ZDB-4-EBA |
| contents | Introduction -- Brief History -- Flexible Foams -- Rigid Polyurethane Foams -- Automotives -- Elastomers -- Insulation -- Moulded Parts -- Spray Roofing Systems -- Speciality Urethane Systems -- Types of Foams -- Basic Foam Grades -- Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? -- Flexible Slabstock Foams -- What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? -- What is a Viscoelastic Foam? -- Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams -- Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams -- Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams -- Reduction and Relief of Pressure -- Hyper or Pseudo Effects? -- Viscoelastic Foam: Summary -- End Applications -- Basic Chemistry -- Brief Introduction -- Organic Chemistry -- Basics -- History -- Characteristics -- Properties -- Melting and Boiling Properties -- Solubility -- Nomenclature -- Structural Presentation -- Classification of Organic Compounds -- Functional Groups -- Aliphatic Compounds -- Aromatic Compounds -- Heterocyclic Compounds -- Polymers -- Organic Synthesis -- Organic Reactions -- Inorganic Chemistry -- Industrial Inorganic Chemistry -- Classification of Inorganic Chemistry -- Coordination Compounds -- Main Group Compounds -- Transition Metal Compounds -- Organometallic Compounds -- Cluster Compounds -- Bio-inorganic Compounds -- Solid State Compounds -- Qualitative Theories -- Molecular Symmetry Group Theory -- Basics of Analytical Chemistry -- Qualitative Analyses -- Flame Test -- Gravimetric Analyses -- Volumetric Analyses -- Mass Spectrometry -- Electrochemical Analyses -- Microscopy -- Basic Polymer Chemistry -- What is a Polymer? -- Polymer Synthesis -- Modification of Natural Polymers -- Polymer Properties -- Monomers -- Microstructure -- Chain Length! -- Molecular Mass (Weight) -- Polymerisation -- Condensation Polymerisation -- Mechanical Properties -- Tensile Strength -- Young's Modulus of Elasticity -- Melting Point -- Glass Transition Temperature -- Mixing Behaviour -- Polymer Degradation -- Polyurethane Raw Materials -- Polyols -- Graft Polyols -- Isocyanates -- Bio-polyols -- Catalysts -- Blowing. Agents -- Surfactants -- Methylene Chloride -- Additives -- Pigments -- Fillers -- Retardants -- Anti-oxidants -- Anti-static Agents -- Cell Openers -- Plasticisers -- Anti-bacterial Agents -- Ultraviolet Stabilisers -- Colorants -- Colour Basics -- Foam Hardeners -- Crosslinkers -- Compatibilisers -- Accessories -- Kraft Paper -- Machine-glazed Paper -- Polyethylene-coated Paper -- Peelable Kraft Paper -- Plastic Films -- Mould Release Agents -- Summary -- Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam -- Properties of-Polyurethane Foam -- Basic Physical Properties -- Tension Test (Tensile Strength) -- Tear Resistance -- Airflow -- Resilience -- Fogging -- Durability -- In Industrial Applications -- Foam is a Good Air Sealant -- Closed Cell Foams -- Foams have Structural Advantages -- Foam usage in Sound Control -- Foaming Technology -- Raw Materials and Their Functions -- Di-isocyanate -- Water -- Auxiliary Blowing Agents -- Silicone Surfactants -- Extenders -- Colourants -- Foaming Process -- Mixing -- Nucleation -- Expansion -- Cell Opening -- Gelation -- Curing -- Storage of Foam Blocks -- Cutting and Fabrication -- Filled Foam -- Type of Filler -- How Much Filler can be used? -- Effects of Changes in Physical Properties -- Processing Difficulties -- Description of Additional Equipment -- Procedure -- Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations -- Calculations -- Density -- Mixing Ratio -- Isocyanate Index -- Ratio Calculation -- Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate -- Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume -- Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process -- Calculation of Material Required -- Calculating Raw Material Components -- Typical Formulations -- Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) -- High-resilience Foams -- Viscoelastic Foam -- Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) -- Calculating Indentation Force Deflection -- Calculating Electrical Power -- Basic Example as a Guideline -- Calculating Water Requirements -- Compressed Air -- Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator -- Financial Indicators -- Breakeven Point -- Return on Equity -- Return on Assets -- Gross Profit Margin -- Cash Flow -- Contribution Margin -- Debt to Equity Ratio -- Quick Performance Indicators -- Return per Kilogramme -- Cost per Kilogramme -- Breakeven Analysis -- Recommended Basic Foam Formulations -- To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) -- Plant Machinery, and Equipment -- Mould Design -- Design Philosophy -- Defining Product Requirements -- Loading Conditions -- Environmental Conditions -- Dimensional Requirements -- Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model -- Material Selection -- Process Selection -- Process Influences -- Orientation of the Final ̀Product' -- Computer Simulation -- Shrinkage and Warping -- Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams -- Foaming Machinery and Equipment -- Low-pressure Machines -- High-pressure Machines -- Images of Foaming Machines -- Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- Horizontal Cutting -- Vertical Cutting -- Specialised Cutting -- Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams -- Box Process for Small-volume Producers -- Process -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Discontinuous Process -- Manual Process -- Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes -- Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming -- Continuous Process -- Maxfoam System -- Basic Principles -- Basic Features of the Maxfoam System -- Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System -- Varimax Continuous System -- C-Max High-pressure System -- CarDio Process -- Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming -- Laboratory-scale Production -- Inherent Waste Factors -- Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams -- Component A -- Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate -- Polyol Blends -- Basic Chemical Reactions -- Shipping Containers for Component Systems -- Checking for Water Contamination -- Unloading and Storage of Chemicals -- Preparing for Production -- Filling the Day Tanks -- Calibration of Processing Equipment -- Foam Re-activities -- Throughput -- Free Rise Density -- Foam Structure -- Filling the Moulds -- Pouring Pattern Tips -- About Moulds -- Mould-release Agents -- In-mould Coatings -- Moulding with Inserts -- Mould Clamping -- Mould Cleaning -- Flushing the Mixhead -- Lead-lag -- Recharging Day Tanks -- Examples of Typical Processing -- Material Storage -- Handling of Raw Material -- Moulds -- Mixing and Weighing Procedures -- Tips for Minimising Waste -- Basic Safety Factors -- Buildings -- Storage of Raw Materials -- Production -- Safety Provisions -- Basics of Spill Management -- Recommended Safety Equipment -- Handling Precautions -- Health and Industrial Hygiene -- Isocyanates and Prepolymers -- Component Systems -- Other Raw Materials -- Spill Management -- Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur -- Example A: Manual Operation -- Raw Materials -- Cutting and Fabrication. Hot-wire Cutting Machine -- Production Method -- Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks -- Foaming Systems -- Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant -- Foaming Machine -- Foam Cutting Machines -- One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine -- Vertical Cutting Machine -- Foam-shredding Machine -- Fully Automatic Operation -- Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) -- Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers -- Planned Production -- Location and Factory Buildings -- Storage Conditions -- Tank Room -- Trough Paper -- General Machinery -- Basic Equipment -- Utilities -- Plant Layout -- In-house Laboratory -- Quality Control -- Safety Systems -- Foam Production -- Recycling of Foam Waste -- Recommendations for Process Efficiency -- Basic Laboratory Equipment -- Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants -- Key Factors on a Production Floor -- Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants -- Guidelines for a Quality Control System -- What is a Control Chart? -- What is an X-R Chart? -- What is a P Chart? -- General Recommendations for Troubleshooting. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)847947565 |
| dewey-full | 668.4239 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 668 - Technology of other organic products |
| dewey-raw | 668.4239 |
| dewey-search | 668.4239 |
| dewey-sort | 3668.4239 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">668.4239</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Defonseka, Chris.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams /</subfield><subfield code="c">Chris Defonseka.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shrewsbury :</subfield><subfield code="b">Smithers Rapra,</subfield><subfield code="c">2013.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Print version record.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Annotation</subfield><subfield code="b">Polyurethanes are very versatile and exciting materials of the plastics family. Although there are many types, the flexible and viscoelastic foams have opened up vast possibilities as viable business ventures and expanding applications, and have established themselves as an essential part of daily life, replacing traditional materials over the years. This book imparts a sound knowledge of flexible and viscoelastic polyurethane foams from their chemistry to calculations and formulating methodology for quality production. The author presents very valuable detailed information on foam manufacturing based on more than 40 years hands-on experience in the local and international situations. The detailed presentation of two manufacturing setups will greatly benefit entrepreneurs, medium-volume producers and large-volume manufacturers. For entrepreneurs, the innovative low-cost startup, high-profit, tried and tested methods will be very encouraging. The medium-to-large-volume producers will find the information provided interesting and practical to solve the inherent problems of excess wastage, better process control and plant efficiency, thereby enhancing profitability. Due to global environmental concerns, as polyurethane chemical components move from petroleum sources to bio-based renewable resources, developers are facing interesting challenges. For continued profitable production, challenges facing the foam machinery manufacturers will be to offer cost-effective, highly efficient and compatible machinery to producers. This book provides practical guidance in all aspects of the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams, and is an ideal information source for students, teachers, producers and entrepreneurs.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="g">Machine generated contents note:</subfield><subfield code="g">1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Brief History --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Flexible Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Rigid Polyurethane Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Automotives --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Elastomers --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Insulation --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moulded Parts --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Spray Roofing Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.1.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Speciality Urethane Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Types of Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Foam Grades --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Flexible Slabstock Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is a Viscoelastic Foam? --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.10.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Reduction and Relief of Pressure --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.10.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Hyper or Pseudo Effects? --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.10.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Viscoelastic Foam: Summary --</subfield><subfield code="g">1.10.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">End Applications --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Brief Introduction --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organic Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basics --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">History --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Characteristics --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Melting and Boiling Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Solubility --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Nomenclature --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.2.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Structural Presentation --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Classification of Organic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Functional Groups --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Aliphatic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Aromatic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Heterocyclic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polymers --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organic Synthesis --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.3.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organic Reactions --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Inorganic Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Industrial Inorganic Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Classification of Inorganic Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Coordination Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Main Group Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Transition Metal Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Organometallic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cluster Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Bio-inorganic Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Solid State Compounds --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Qualitative Theories --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.5.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Molecular Symmetry Group Theory --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basics of Analytical Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Qualitative Analyses --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Flame Test --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Gravimetric Analyses --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Volumetric Analyses --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mass Spectrometry --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Electrochemical Analyses --</subfield><subfield code="g">2.6.1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Microscopy --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Polymer Chemistry --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is a Polymer? --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polymer Synthesis --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Modification of Natural Polymers --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polymer Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Monomers --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Microstructure --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Chain Length! --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Molecular Mass (Weight) --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polymerisation --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.2.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Condensation Polymerisation --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mechanical Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Tensile Strength --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Young's Modulus of Elasticity --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Melting Point --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Glass Transition Temperature --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mixing Behaviour --</subfield><subfield code="g">3.3.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polymer Degradation --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyurethane Raw Materials --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Graft Polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Isocyanates --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Bio-polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Catalysts --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Blowing. Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Surfactants --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Methylene Chloride --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Additives --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Pigments --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Fillers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Retardants --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Anti-oxidants --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Anti-static Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cell Openers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Plasticisers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Anti-bacterial Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ultraviolet Stabilisers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Colorants --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Colour Basics --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Hardeners --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.13.</subfield><subfield code="t">Crosslinkers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.6.14.</subfield><subfield code="t">Compatibilisers --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Accessories --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Kraft Paper --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Machine-glazed Paper --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyethylene-coated Paper --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Peelable Kraft Paper --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Plastic Films --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.7.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mould Release Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">4.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Summary --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Properties of-Polyurethane Foam --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Physical Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Tension Test (Tensile Strength) --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Tear Resistance --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Airflow --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Resilience --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Fogging --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.1.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Durability --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">In Industrial Applications --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam is a Good Air Sealant --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Closed Cell Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foams have Structural Advantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam usage in Sound Control --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Technology --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Raw Materials and Their Functions --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Di-isocyanate --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Water --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Auxiliary Blowing Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Catalysts --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Silicone Surfactants --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Graft Polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Extenders --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Colourants --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Fillers --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.4.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Additives --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mixing --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Nucleation --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Expansion --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cell Opening --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Gelation --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.5.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Curing --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Storage of Foam Blocks --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cutting and Fabrication --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Filled Foam --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.8.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Type of Filler --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.8.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">How Much Filler can be used? --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Effects of Changes in Physical Properties --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Processing Difficulties --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Description of Additional Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">5.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Procedure --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculations --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Density --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mixing Ratio --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Isocyanate Index --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ratio Calculation --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculation of Material Required --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculating Raw Material Components --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Typical Formulations --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">High-resilience Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Viscoelastic Foam --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.3.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculating Indentation Force Deflection --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculating Electrical Power --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Example as a Guideline --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calculating Water Requirements --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Compressed Air --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.7.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Financial Indicators --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Breakeven Point --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Return on Equity --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Return on Assets --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Gross Profit Margin --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cash Flow --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Contribution Margin --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.8.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Debt to Equity Ratio --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Quick Performance Indicators --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.9.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Return per Kilogramme --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.9.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cost per Kilogramme --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.9.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Breakeven Analysis --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recommended Basic Foam Formulations --</subfield><subfield code="g">6.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Plant Machinery, and Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mould Design --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Design Philosophy --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Defining Product Requirements --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Loading Conditions --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Environmental Conditions --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Dimensional Requirements --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Material Selection --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Process Selection --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Process Influences --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Orientation of the Final ̀Product' --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Computer Simulation --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Shrinkage and Warping --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.1.13.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Machinery and Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Low-pressure Machines --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">High-pressure Machines --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Images of Foaming Machines --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Cutting and Fabrication --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Horizontal Cutting --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vertical Cutting --</subfield><subfield code="g">7.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Specialised Cutting --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Box Process for Small-volume Producers --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Advantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Disadvantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Discontinuous Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Manual Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Advantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.2.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Disadvantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Advantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Disadvantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Continuous Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.5.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Advantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.5.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Disadvantages --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Maxfoam System --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.6.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Principles --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.6.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Features of the Maxfoam System --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Varimax Continuous System --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">C-Max High-pressure System --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">CarDio Process --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Laboratory-scale Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.13.</subfield><subfield code="t">Inherent Waste Factors --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.14.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.14.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Component A --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.15.</subfield><subfield code="t">Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.16.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyol Blends --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.17.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Chemical Reactions --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.18.</subfield><subfield code="t">Shipping Containers for Component Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.19.</subfield><subfield code="t">Checking for Water Contamination --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.20.</subfield><subfield code="t">Unloading and Storage of Chemicals --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.</subfield><subfield code="t">Preparing for Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Filling the Day Tanks --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Calibration of Processing Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Re-activities --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Throughput --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Free Rise Density --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="t">Structure --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Filling the Moulds --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Pouring Pattern Tips --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">About Moulds --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mould-release Agents --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">In-mould Coatings --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moulding with Inserts --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.13.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mould Clamping --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.14.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mould Cleaning --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.15.</subfield><subfield code="t">Flushing the Mixhead --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.16.</subfield><subfield code="t">Lead-lag --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.21.17.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recharging Day Tanks --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.</subfield><subfield code="t">Examples of Typical Processing --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Material Storage --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Handling of Raw Material --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moulds --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Mixing and Weighing Procedures --</subfield><subfield code="g">8.22.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Tips for Minimising Waste --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Safety Factors --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Buildings --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Storage of Raw Materials --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Safety Provisions --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basics of Spill Management --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recommended Safety Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Handling Precautions --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Health and Industrial Hygiene --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.8.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Polyols --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.8.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Isocyanates and Prepolymers --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.8.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Component Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.8.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Other Raw Materials --</subfield><subfield code="g">9.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">Spill Management --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Example A: Manual Operation --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Raw Materials --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Moulds --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Cutting and Fabrication.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="g">Note continued:</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Hot-wire Cutting Machine --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.1.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">Production Method --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foaming Machine --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Cutting Machines --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.2.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Vertical Cutting Machine --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam-shredding Machine --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Fully Automatic Operation --</subfield><subfield code="g">10.4.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Planned Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Location and Factory Buildings --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Storage of Raw Materials --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Storage Conditions --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Tank Room --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">Trough Paper --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.5.</subfield><subfield code="t">General Machinery --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.6.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.7.</subfield><subfield code="t">Utilities --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.8.</subfield><subfield code="t">Plant Layout --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.9.</subfield><subfield code="t">In-house Laboratory --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.10.</subfield><subfield code="t">Quality Control --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.11.</subfield><subfield code="t">Safety Systems --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Production --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.13.</subfield><subfield code="t">Foam Cutting and Fabrication --</subfield><subfield code="g">11.14.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recycling of Foam Waste --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recommendations for Process Efficiency --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Basic Laboratory Equipment --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.1.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">Key Factors on a Production Floor --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.2.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">Guidelines for a Quality Control System --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.3.1.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is a Control Chart? --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.3.2.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is an X-R Chart? --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.3.3.</subfield><subfield code="t">What is a P Chart? --</subfield><subfield code="g">12.4.</subfield><subfield code="t">General Recommendations for Troubleshooting.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">English.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Polyurethanes.</subfield><subfield code="0">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Foamed materials.</subfield><subfield code="0">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Polyurethanes</subfield><subfield code="0">https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Polyuréthannes.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Mousses (Matériaux)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING</subfield><subfield code="x">Chemical & Biochemical.</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Foamed materials</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Polyurethanes</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="758" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="i">has work:</subfield><subfield code="a">Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams (Text)</subfield><subfield code="1">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PD3cjQdCqMdGYCMmCVPPFw3</subfield><subfield code="4">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="l">FWS01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-4-EBA</subfield><subfield code="q">FWS_PDA_EBA</subfield><subfield code="u">https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=591457</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Askews and Holts Library Services</subfield><subfield code="b">ASKH</subfield><subfield code="n">AH27121942</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Books 24x7</subfield><subfield code="b">B247</subfield><subfield code="n">bke00059548</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ProQuest Ebook Central</subfield><subfield code="b">EBLB</subfield><subfield code="n">EBL1220687</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ebrary</subfield><subfield code="b">EBRY</subfield><subfield code="n">ebr10717793</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBSCOhost</subfield><subfield code="b">EBSC</subfield><subfield code="n">591457</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ProQuest MyiLibrary Digital eBook Collection</subfield><subfield code="b">IDEB</subfield><subfield code="n">cis25679905</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">YBP Library Services</subfield><subfield code="b">YANK</subfield><subfield code="n">10754244</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="994" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">92</subfield><subfield code="b">GEBAY</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-4-EBA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-863</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn847947565 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:25:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781847359759 1847359752 1299660312 9781299660311 1847359744 9781847359742 1628700416 9781628700411 |
| language | English |
| oclc_num | 847947565 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | 1 online resource |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Smithers Rapra, |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Defonseka, Chris. Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / Chris Defonseka. Shrewsbury : Smithers Rapra, 2013. 1 online resource text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Includes index. Print version record. Annotation Polyurethanes are very versatile and exciting materials of the plastics family. Although there are many types, the flexible and viscoelastic foams have opened up vast possibilities as viable business ventures and expanding applications, and have established themselves as an essential part of daily life, replacing traditional materials over the years. This book imparts a sound knowledge of flexible and viscoelastic polyurethane foams from their chemistry to calculations and formulating methodology for quality production. The author presents very valuable detailed information on foam manufacturing based on more than 40 years hands-on experience in the local and international situations. The detailed presentation of two manufacturing setups will greatly benefit entrepreneurs, medium-volume producers and large-volume manufacturers. For entrepreneurs, the innovative low-cost startup, high-profit, tried and tested methods will be very encouraging. The medium-to-large-volume producers will find the information provided interesting and practical to solve the inherent problems of excess wastage, better process control and plant efficiency, thereby enhancing profitability. Due to global environmental concerns, as polyurethane chemical components move from petroleum sources to bio-based renewable resources, developers are facing interesting challenges. For continued profitable production, challenges facing the foam machinery manufacturers will be to offer cost-effective, highly efficient and compatible machinery to producers. This book provides practical guidance in all aspects of the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams, and is an ideal information source for students, teachers, producers and entrepreneurs. Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Brief History -- 1.1.1. Flexible Foams -- 1.1.2. Rigid Polyurethane Foams -- 1.1.3. Automotives -- 1.1.4. Elastomers -- 1.1.5. Insulation -- 1.1.6. Moulded Parts -- 1.1.7. Spray Roofing Systems -- 1.1.8. Speciality Urethane Systems -- 1.2. Types of Foams -- 1.3. Basic Foam Grades -- 1.4. Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? -- 1.5. Flexible Slabstock Foams -- 1.6. What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? -- 1.7. What is a Viscoelastic Foam? -- 1.8. Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams -- 1.9. Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams -- 1.10. Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams -- 1.10.1. Reduction and Relief of Pressure -- 1.10.2. Hyper or Pseudo Effects? -- 1.10.3. Viscoelastic Foam: Summary -- 1.10.4. End Applications -- 2. Basic Chemistry -- 2.1. Brief Introduction -- 2.2. Organic Chemistry -- 2.2.1. Basics -- 2.2.2. History -- 2.2.3. Characteristics -- 2.2.4. Properties -- 2.2.5. Melting and Boiling Properties -- 2.2.6. Solubility -- 2.2.7. Nomenclature -- 2.2.8. Structural Presentation -- 2.3. Classification of Organic Compounds -- 2.3.1. Functional Groups -- 2.3.2. Aliphatic Compounds -- 2.3.3. Aromatic Compounds -- 2.3.4. Heterocyclic Compounds -- 2.3.5. Polymers -- 2.3.6. Organic Synthesis -- 2.3.7. Organic Reactions -- 2.4. Inorganic Chemistry -- 2.4.1. Industrial Inorganic Chemistry -- 2.5. Classification of Inorganic Chemistry -- 2.5.1. Coordination Compounds -- 2.5.2. Main Group Compounds -- 2.5.3. Transition Metal Compounds -- 2.5.4. Organometallic Compounds -- 2.5.5. Cluster Compounds -- 2.5.6. Bio-inorganic Compounds -- 2.5.7. Solid State Compounds -- 2.5.8. Qualitative Theories -- 2.5.9. Molecular Symmetry Group Theory -- 2.6. Basics of Analytical Chemistry -- 2.6.1. Qualitative Analyses -- 2.6.1.1. Flame Test -- 2.6.1.2. Gravimetric Analyses -- 2.6.1.3. Volumetric Analyses -- 2.6.1.4. Mass Spectrometry -- 2.6.1.5. Electrochemical Analyses -- 2.6.1.6. Microscopy -- 3. Basic Polymer Chemistry -- 3.1. What is a Polymer? -- 3.1.1. Polymer Synthesis -- 3.1.2. Modification of Natural Polymers -- 3.2. Polymer Properties -- 3.2.1. Monomers -- 3.2.2. Microstructure -- 3.2.3. Chain Length! -- 3.2.4. Molecular Mass (Weight) -- 3.2.5. Polymerisation -- 3.2.6. Condensation Polymerisation -- 3.3. Mechanical Properties -- 3.3.1. Tensile Strength -- 3.3.2. Young's Modulus of Elasticity -- 3.3.3. Melting Point -- 3.3.4. Glass Transition Temperature -- 3.3.5. Mixing Behaviour -- 3.3.6. Polymer Degradation -- 4. Polyurethane Raw Materials -- 4.1. Polyols -- 4.1.1. Graft Polyols -- 4.1.2. Isocyanates -- 4.1.3. Bio-polyols -- 4.2. Catalysts -- 4.3. Blowing. Agents -- 4.4. Surfactants -- 4.5. Methylene Chloride -- 4.6. Additives -- 4.6.1. Pigments -- 4.6.2. Fillers -- 4.6.3. Retardants -- 4.6.4. Anti-oxidants -- 4.6.5. Anti-static Agents -- 4.6.6. Cell Openers -- 4.6.7. Plasticisers -- 4.6.8. Anti-bacterial Agents -- 4.6.9. Ultraviolet Stabilisers -- 4.6.10. Colorants -- 4.6.11. Colour Basics -- 4.6.12. Foam Hardeners -- 4.6.13. Crosslinkers -- 4.6.14. Compatibilisers -- 4.7. Accessories -- 4.7.1. Kraft Paper -- 4.7.2. Machine-glazed Paper -- 4.7.3. Polyethylene-coated Paper -- 4.7.4. Peelable Kraft Paper -- 4.7.5. Plastic Films -- 4.7.6. Mould Release Agents -- 4.8. Summary -- 5. Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam -- 5.1. Properties of-Polyurethane Foam -- 5.1.1. Basic Physical Properties -- 5.1.2. Tension Test (Tensile Strength) -- 5.1.3. Tear Resistance -- 5.1.4. Airflow -- 5.1.5. Resilience -- 5.1.6. Fogging -- 5.1.7. Durability -- 5.2. In Industrial Applications -- 5.2.1. Foam is a Good Air Sealant -- 5.3. Closed Cell Foams -- 5.3.1. Foams have Structural Advantages -- 5.3.2. Foam usage in Sound Control -- 5.4. Foaming Technology -- 5.4.1. Raw Materials and Their Functions -- 5.4.2. Polyols -- 5.4.3. Di-isocyanate -- 5.4.4. Water -- 5.4.5. Auxiliary Blowing Agents -- 5.4.6. Catalysts -- 5.4.7. Silicone Surfactants -- 5.4.8. Graft Polyols -- 5.4.9. Extenders -- 5.4.10. Colourants -- 5.4.11. Fillers -- 5.4.12. Additives -- 5.5. Foaming Process -- 5.5.1. Mixing -- 5.5.2. Nucleation -- 5.5.3. Expansion -- 5.5.4. Cell Opening -- 5.5.5. Gelation -- 5.5.6. Curing -- 5.6. Storage of Foam Blocks -- 5.7. Cutting and Fabrication -- 5.8. Filled Foam -- 5.8.1. Type of Filler -- 5.8.2. How Much Filler can be used? -- 5.9. Effects of Changes in Physical Properties -- 5.10. Processing Difficulties -- 5.11. Description of Additional Equipment -- 5.12. Procedure -- 6. Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations -- 6.1. Calculations -- 6.1.1. Density -- 6.1.2. Mixing Ratio -- 6.1.3. Isocyanate Index -- 6.1.4. Ratio Calculation -- 6.1.5. Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate -- 6.1.6. Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume -- 6.2. Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process -- 6.2.1. Calculation of Material Required -- 6.2.2. Calculating Raw Material Components -- 6.3. Typical Formulations -- 6.3.1. Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) -- 6.3.2. High-resilience Foams -- 6.3.3. Viscoelastic Foam -- 6.3.4. Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) -- 6.4. Calculating Indentation Force Deflection -- 6.5. Calculating Electrical Power -- 6.5.1. Basic Example as a Guideline -- 6.6. Calculating Water Requirements -- 6.7. Compressed Air -- 6.7.1. Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator -- 6.8. Financial Indicators -- 6.8.1. Breakeven Point -- 6.8.2. Return on Equity -- 6.8.3. Return on Assets -- 6.8.4. Gross Profit Margin -- 6.8.5. Cash Flow -- 6.8.6. Contribution Margin -- 6.8.7. Debt to Equity Ratio -- 6.9. Quick Performance Indicators -- 6.9.1. Return per Kilogramme -- 6.9.2. Cost per Kilogramme -- 6.9.3. Breakeven Analysis -- 6.10. Recommended Basic Foam Formulations -- 6.11. To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) -- 7. Plant Machinery, and Equipment -- 7.1. Mould Design -- 7.1.1. Design Philosophy -- 7.1.2. Defining Product Requirements -- 7.1.3. Loading Conditions -- 7.1.4. Environmental Conditions -- 7.1.5. Dimensional Requirements -- 7.1.6. Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model -- 7.1.7. Material Selection -- 7.1.8. Process Selection -- 7.1.9. Process Influences -- 7.1.10. Orientation of the Final ̀Product' -- 7.1.11. Computer Simulation -- 7.1.12. Shrinkage and Warping -- 7.1.13. Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams -- 7.2. Foaming Machinery and Equipment -- 7.2.1. Low-pressure Machines -- 7.2.2. High-pressure Machines -- 7.2.3. Images of Foaming Machines -- 7.3. Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- 7.3.1. Horizontal Cutting -- 7.3.2. Vertical Cutting -- 7.3.3. Specialised Cutting -- 8. Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams -- 8.1. Box Process for Small-volume Producers -- 8.1.1. Process -- 8.1.2. Advantages -- 8.1.3. Disadvantages -- 8.2. Discontinuous Process -- 8.2.1. Manual Process -- 8.2.2. Advantages -- 8.2.3. Disadvantages -- 8.3. Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes -- 8.3.1. Advantages -- 8.3.2. Disadvantages -- 8.4. Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming -- 8.5. Continuous Process -- 8.5.1. Advantages -- 8.5.2. Disadvantages -- 8.6. Maxfoam System -- 8.6.1. Basic Principles -- 8.6.2. Basic Features of the Maxfoam System -- 8.7. Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System -- 8.8. Varimax Continuous System -- 8.9. C-Max High-pressure System -- 8.10. CarDio Process -- 8.11. Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming -- 8.12. Laboratory-scale Production -- 8.13. Inherent Waste Factors -- 8.14. Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams -- 8.14.1. Component A -- 8.15. Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate -- 8.16. Polyol Blends -- 8.17. Basic Chemical Reactions -- 8.18. Shipping Containers for Component Systems -- 8.19. Checking for Water Contamination -- 8.20. Unloading and Storage of Chemicals -- 8.21. Preparing for Production -- 8.21.1. Filling the Day Tanks -- 8.21.2. Calibration of Processing Equipment -- 8.21.3. Foam Re-activities -- 8.21.4. Throughput -- 8.21.5. Free Rise Density -- 8.21.6. Foam Structure -- 8.21.7. Filling the Moulds -- 8.21.8. Pouring Pattern Tips -- 8.21.9. About Moulds -- 8.21.10. Mould-release Agents -- 8.21.11. In-mould Coatings -- 8.21.12. Moulding with Inserts -- 8.21.13. Mould Clamping -- 8.21.14. Mould Cleaning -- 8.21.15. Flushing the Mixhead -- 8.21.16. Lead-lag -- 8.21.17. Recharging Day Tanks -- 8.22. Examples of Typical Processing -- 8.22.1. Material Storage -- 8.22.2. Handling of Raw Material -- 8.22.3. Moulds -- 8.22.4. Mixing and Weighing Procedures -- 8.22.5. Tips for Minimising Waste -- 9. Basic Safety Factors -- 9.1. Buildings -- 9.2. Storage of Raw Materials -- 9.3. Production -- 9.4. Safety Provisions -- 9.5. Basics of Spill Management -- 9.6. Recommended Safety Equipment -- 9.7. Handling Precautions -- 9.8. Health and Industrial Hygiene -- 9.8.1. Polyols -- 9.8.2. Isocyanates and Prepolymers -- 9.8.3. Component Systems -- 9.8.4. Other Raw Materials -- 9.9. Spill Management -- 10. Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur -- 10.1. Example A: Manual Operation -- 10.1.1. Raw Materials -- 10.1.2. Moulds -- 10.1.3. Cutting and Fabrication. Note continued: 10.1.4. Hot-wire Cutting Machine -- 10.1.5. Production Method -- 10.2. Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks -- 10.2.1. Foaming Systems -- 10.3. Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant -- 10.3.1. Foaming Machine -- 10.3.2. Foam Cutting Machines -- 10.3.2.1. One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine -- 10.3.2.2. Vertical Cutting Machine -- 10.3.3. Foam-shredding Machine -- 10.4. Fully Automatic Operation -- 10.4.1. Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) -- 11. Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers -- 11.1. Planned Production -- 11.2. Location and Factory Buildings -- 11.3. Storage of Raw Materials -- 11.3.1. Storage Conditions -- 11.3.2. Tank Room -- 11.4. Trough Paper -- 11.5. General Machinery -- 11.6. Basic Equipment -- 11.7. Utilities -- 11.8. Plant Layout -- 11.9. In-house Laboratory -- 11.10. Quality Control -- 11.11. Safety Systems -- 11.12. Foam Production -- 11.13. Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- 11.14. Recycling of Foam Waste -- 12. Recommendations for Process Efficiency -- 12.1. Basic Laboratory Equipment -- 12.2. Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants -- 12.1.1. Key Factors on a Production Floor -- 12.2.2. Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants -- 12.3. Guidelines for a Quality Control System -- 12.3.1. What is a Control Chart? -- 12.3.2. What is an X-R Chart? -- 12.3.3. What is a P Chart? -- 12.4. General Recommendations for Troubleshooting. English. Polyurethanes. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740 Foamed materials. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608 Polyurethanes https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140 Polyuréthannes. Mousses (Matériaux) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING Chemical & Biochemical. bisacsh Foamed materials fast Polyurethanes fast has work: Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams (Text) https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PD3cjQdCqMdGYCMmCVPPFw3 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=591457 Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Defonseka, Chris Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / Introduction -- Brief History -- Flexible Foams -- Rigid Polyurethane Foams -- Automotives -- Elastomers -- Insulation -- Moulded Parts -- Spray Roofing Systems -- Speciality Urethane Systems -- Types of Foams -- Basic Foam Grades -- Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? -- Flexible Slabstock Foams -- What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? -- What is a Viscoelastic Foam? -- Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams -- Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams -- Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams -- Reduction and Relief of Pressure -- Hyper or Pseudo Effects? -- Viscoelastic Foam: Summary -- End Applications -- Basic Chemistry -- Brief Introduction -- Organic Chemistry -- Basics -- History -- Characteristics -- Properties -- Melting and Boiling Properties -- Solubility -- Nomenclature -- Structural Presentation -- Classification of Organic Compounds -- Functional Groups -- Aliphatic Compounds -- Aromatic Compounds -- Heterocyclic Compounds -- Polymers -- Organic Synthesis -- Organic Reactions -- Inorganic Chemistry -- Industrial Inorganic Chemistry -- Classification of Inorganic Chemistry -- Coordination Compounds -- Main Group Compounds -- Transition Metal Compounds -- Organometallic Compounds -- Cluster Compounds -- Bio-inorganic Compounds -- Solid State Compounds -- Qualitative Theories -- Molecular Symmetry Group Theory -- Basics of Analytical Chemistry -- Qualitative Analyses -- Flame Test -- Gravimetric Analyses -- Volumetric Analyses -- Mass Spectrometry -- Electrochemical Analyses -- Microscopy -- Basic Polymer Chemistry -- What is a Polymer? -- Polymer Synthesis -- Modification of Natural Polymers -- Polymer Properties -- Monomers -- Microstructure -- Chain Length! -- Molecular Mass (Weight) -- Polymerisation -- Condensation Polymerisation -- Mechanical Properties -- Tensile Strength -- Young's Modulus of Elasticity -- Melting Point -- Glass Transition Temperature -- Mixing Behaviour -- Polymer Degradation -- Polyurethane Raw Materials -- Polyols -- Graft Polyols -- Isocyanates -- Bio-polyols -- Catalysts -- Blowing. Agents -- Surfactants -- Methylene Chloride -- Additives -- Pigments -- Fillers -- Retardants -- Anti-oxidants -- Anti-static Agents -- Cell Openers -- Plasticisers -- Anti-bacterial Agents -- Ultraviolet Stabilisers -- Colorants -- Colour Basics -- Foam Hardeners -- Crosslinkers -- Compatibilisers -- Accessories -- Kraft Paper -- Machine-glazed Paper -- Polyethylene-coated Paper -- Peelable Kraft Paper -- Plastic Films -- Mould Release Agents -- Summary -- Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam -- Properties of-Polyurethane Foam -- Basic Physical Properties -- Tension Test (Tensile Strength) -- Tear Resistance -- Airflow -- Resilience -- Fogging -- Durability -- In Industrial Applications -- Foam is a Good Air Sealant -- Closed Cell Foams -- Foams have Structural Advantages -- Foam usage in Sound Control -- Foaming Technology -- Raw Materials and Their Functions -- Di-isocyanate -- Water -- Auxiliary Blowing Agents -- Silicone Surfactants -- Extenders -- Colourants -- Foaming Process -- Mixing -- Nucleation -- Expansion -- Cell Opening -- Gelation -- Curing -- Storage of Foam Blocks -- Cutting and Fabrication -- Filled Foam -- Type of Filler -- How Much Filler can be used? -- Effects of Changes in Physical Properties -- Processing Difficulties -- Description of Additional Equipment -- Procedure -- Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations -- Calculations -- Density -- Mixing Ratio -- Isocyanate Index -- Ratio Calculation -- Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate -- Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume -- Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process -- Calculation of Material Required -- Calculating Raw Material Components -- Typical Formulations -- Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) -- High-resilience Foams -- Viscoelastic Foam -- Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) -- Calculating Indentation Force Deflection -- Calculating Electrical Power -- Basic Example as a Guideline -- Calculating Water Requirements -- Compressed Air -- Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator -- Financial Indicators -- Breakeven Point -- Return on Equity -- Return on Assets -- Gross Profit Margin -- Cash Flow -- Contribution Margin -- Debt to Equity Ratio -- Quick Performance Indicators -- Return per Kilogramme -- Cost per Kilogramme -- Breakeven Analysis -- Recommended Basic Foam Formulations -- To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) -- Plant Machinery, and Equipment -- Mould Design -- Design Philosophy -- Defining Product Requirements -- Loading Conditions -- Environmental Conditions -- Dimensional Requirements -- Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model -- Material Selection -- Process Selection -- Process Influences -- Orientation of the Final ̀Product' -- Computer Simulation -- Shrinkage and Warping -- Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams -- Foaming Machinery and Equipment -- Low-pressure Machines -- High-pressure Machines -- Images of Foaming Machines -- Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- Horizontal Cutting -- Vertical Cutting -- Specialised Cutting -- Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams -- Box Process for Small-volume Producers -- Process -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Discontinuous Process -- Manual Process -- Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes -- Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming -- Continuous Process -- Maxfoam System -- Basic Principles -- Basic Features of the Maxfoam System -- Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System -- Varimax Continuous System -- C-Max High-pressure System -- CarDio Process -- Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming -- Laboratory-scale Production -- Inherent Waste Factors -- Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams -- Component A -- Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate -- Polyol Blends -- Basic Chemical Reactions -- Shipping Containers for Component Systems -- Checking for Water Contamination -- Unloading and Storage of Chemicals -- Preparing for Production -- Filling the Day Tanks -- Calibration of Processing Equipment -- Foam Re-activities -- Throughput -- Free Rise Density -- Foam Structure -- Filling the Moulds -- Pouring Pattern Tips -- About Moulds -- Mould-release Agents -- In-mould Coatings -- Moulding with Inserts -- Mould Clamping -- Mould Cleaning -- Flushing the Mixhead -- Lead-lag -- Recharging Day Tanks -- Examples of Typical Processing -- Material Storage -- Handling of Raw Material -- Moulds -- Mixing and Weighing Procedures -- Tips for Minimising Waste -- Basic Safety Factors -- Buildings -- Storage of Raw Materials -- Production -- Safety Provisions -- Basics of Spill Management -- Recommended Safety Equipment -- Handling Precautions -- Health and Industrial Hygiene -- Isocyanates and Prepolymers -- Component Systems -- Other Raw Materials -- Spill Management -- Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur -- Example A: Manual Operation -- Raw Materials -- Cutting and Fabrication. Hot-wire Cutting Machine -- Production Method -- Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks -- Foaming Systems -- Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant -- Foaming Machine -- Foam Cutting Machines -- One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine -- Vertical Cutting Machine -- Foam-shredding Machine -- Fully Automatic Operation -- Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) -- Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers -- Planned Production -- Location and Factory Buildings -- Storage Conditions -- Tank Room -- Trough Paper -- General Machinery -- Basic Equipment -- Utilities -- Plant Layout -- In-house Laboratory -- Quality Control -- Safety Systems -- Foam Production -- Recycling of Foam Waste -- Recommendations for Process Efficiency -- Basic Laboratory Equipment -- Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants -- Key Factors on a Production Floor -- Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants -- Guidelines for a Quality Control System -- What is a Control Chart? -- What is an X-R Chart? -- What is a P Chart? -- General Recommendations for Troubleshooting. Polyurethanes. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740 Foamed materials. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608 Polyurethanes https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140 Polyuréthannes. Mousses (Matériaux) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING Chemical & Biochemical. bisacsh Foamed materials fast Polyurethanes fast |
| subject_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140 |
| title | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / |
| title_alt | Introduction -- Brief History -- Flexible Foams -- Rigid Polyurethane Foams -- Automotives -- Elastomers -- Insulation -- Moulded Parts -- Spray Roofing Systems -- Speciality Urethane Systems -- Types of Foams -- Basic Foam Grades -- Viscoelastic Foam Mattresses: Marketing Hype or Molecular Miracle? -- Flexible Slabstock Foams -- What is a Flexible Polyurethane Foam? -- What is a Viscoelastic Foam? -- Characteristics of Viscoelastic Foams -- Physical Properties of Viscoelastic Foams -- Performance Testing of Viscoelastic Foams -- Reduction and Relief of Pressure -- Hyper or Pseudo Effects? -- Viscoelastic Foam: Summary -- End Applications -- Basic Chemistry -- Brief Introduction -- Organic Chemistry -- Basics -- History -- Characteristics -- Properties -- Melting and Boiling Properties -- Solubility -- Nomenclature -- Structural Presentation -- Classification of Organic Compounds -- Functional Groups -- Aliphatic Compounds -- Aromatic Compounds -- Heterocyclic Compounds -- Polymers -- Organic Synthesis -- Organic Reactions -- Inorganic Chemistry -- Industrial Inorganic Chemistry -- Classification of Inorganic Chemistry -- Coordination Compounds -- Main Group Compounds -- Transition Metal Compounds -- Organometallic Compounds -- Cluster Compounds -- Bio-inorganic Compounds -- Solid State Compounds -- Qualitative Theories -- Molecular Symmetry Group Theory -- Basics of Analytical Chemistry -- Qualitative Analyses -- Flame Test -- Gravimetric Analyses -- Volumetric Analyses -- Mass Spectrometry -- Electrochemical Analyses -- Microscopy -- Basic Polymer Chemistry -- What is a Polymer? -- Polymer Synthesis -- Modification of Natural Polymers -- Polymer Properties -- Monomers -- Microstructure -- Chain Length! -- Molecular Mass (Weight) -- Polymerisation -- Condensation Polymerisation -- Mechanical Properties -- Tensile Strength -- Young's Modulus of Elasticity -- Melting Point -- Glass Transition Temperature -- Mixing Behaviour -- Polymer Degradation -- Polyurethane Raw Materials -- Polyols -- Graft Polyols -- Isocyanates -- Bio-polyols -- Catalysts -- Blowing. Agents -- Surfactants -- Methylene Chloride -- Additives -- Pigments -- Fillers -- Retardants -- Anti-oxidants -- Anti-static Agents -- Cell Openers -- Plasticisers -- Anti-bacterial Agents -- Ultraviolet Stabilisers -- Colorants -- Colour Basics -- Foam Hardeners -- Crosslinkers -- Compatibilisers -- Accessories -- Kraft Paper -- Machine-glazed Paper -- Polyethylene-coated Paper -- Peelable Kraft Paper -- Plastic Films -- Mould Release Agents -- Summary -- Properties and Foaming Technology of Polyurethane Foam -- Properties of-Polyurethane Foam -- Basic Physical Properties -- Tension Test (Tensile Strength) -- Tear Resistance -- Airflow -- Resilience -- Fogging -- Durability -- In Industrial Applications -- Foam is a Good Air Sealant -- Closed Cell Foams -- Foams have Structural Advantages -- Foam usage in Sound Control -- Foaming Technology -- Raw Materials and Their Functions -- Di-isocyanate -- Water -- Auxiliary Blowing Agents -- Silicone Surfactants -- Extenders -- Colourants -- Foaming Process -- Mixing -- Nucleation -- Expansion -- Cell Opening -- Gelation -- Curing -- Storage of Foam Blocks -- Cutting and Fabrication -- Filled Foam -- Type of Filler -- How Much Filler can be used? -- Effects of Changes in Physical Properties -- Processing Difficulties -- Description of Additional Equipment -- Procedure -- Foaming Calculations, Other Calculations and Formulations -- Calculations -- Density -- Mixing Ratio -- Isocyanate Index -- Ratio Calculation -- Pump Rates Per Minute versus Flow Rate -- Machine Flow Rate versus Mould Volume -- Calculations for Making Large Foam Blocks: Discontinuous Process -- Calculation of Material Required -- Calculating Raw Material Components -- Typical Formulations -- Conventional Foam (Density Range 16.0-32 kg/m3) -- High-resilience Foams -- Viscoelastic Foam -- Slab Stock Foam (Continuous Foaming) -- Calculating Indentation Force Deflection -- Calculating Electrical Power -- Basic Example as a Guideline -- Calculating Water Requirements -- Compressed Air -- Air Pressure versus Volume Calculator -- Financial Indicators -- Breakeven Point -- Return on Equity -- Return on Assets -- Gross Profit Margin -- Cash Flow -- Contribution Margin -- Debt to Equity Ratio -- Quick Performance Indicators -- Return per Kilogramme -- Cost per Kilogramme -- Breakeven Analysis -- Recommended Basic Foam Formulations -- To Save Waste on Foam Buns (Blocks) -- Plant Machinery, and Equipment -- Mould Design -- Design Philosophy -- Defining Product Requirements -- Loading Conditions -- Environmental Conditions -- Dimensional Requirements -- Preliminary Computer-aided Design Model -- Material Selection -- Process Selection -- Process Influences -- Orientation of the Final ̀Product' -- Computer Simulation -- Shrinkage and Warping -- Basic Moulds for Flexible Foams -- Foaming Machinery and Equipment -- Low-pressure Machines -- High-pressure Machines -- Images of Foaming Machines -- Foam Cutting and Fabrication -- Horizontal Cutting -- Vertical Cutting -- Specialised Cutting -- Manufacturing Processes for Flexible Foams -- Box Process for Small-volume Producers -- Process -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Discontinuous Process -- Manual Process -- Semi-automatic and Automatic Processes -- Viscoelastic Discontinuous Block Foaming -- Continuous Process -- Maxfoam System -- Basic Principles -- Basic Features of the Maxfoam System -- Vertifoam Vertical Foaming System -- Varimax Continuous System -- C-Max High-pressure System -- CarDio Process -- Viscoelastic Continuous Foaming -- Laboratory-scale Production -- Inherent Waste Factors -- Moulded Flexible Polyurethane Foams -- Component A -- Effects of Temperature on Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate -- Polyol Blends -- Basic Chemical Reactions -- Shipping Containers for Component Systems -- Checking for Water Contamination -- Unloading and Storage of Chemicals -- Preparing for Production -- Filling the Day Tanks -- Calibration of Processing Equipment -- Foam Re-activities -- Throughput -- Free Rise Density -- Foam Structure -- Filling the Moulds -- Pouring Pattern Tips -- About Moulds -- Mould-release Agents -- In-mould Coatings -- Moulding with Inserts -- Mould Clamping -- Mould Cleaning -- Flushing the Mixhead -- Lead-lag -- Recharging Day Tanks -- Examples of Typical Processing -- Material Storage -- Handling of Raw Material -- Moulds -- Mixing and Weighing Procedures -- Tips for Minimising Waste -- Basic Safety Factors -- Buildings -- Storage of Raw Materials -- Production -- Safety Provisions -- Basics of Spill Management -- Recommended Safety Equipment -- Handling Precautions -- Health and Industrial Hygiene -- Isocyanates and Prepolymers -- Component Systems -- Other Raw Materials -- Spill Management -- Setting-up a Manufacturing Plant for an. Entrepreneur -- Example A: Manual Operation -- Raw Materials -- Cutting and Fabrication. Hot-wire Cutting Machine -- Production Method -- Example B: Making Large Foam Blocks -- Foaming Systems -- Description of a Typical Semi-automatic Batch Foaming Plant -- Foaming Machine -- Foam Cutting Machines -- One Circular (Carousel) Cutting Machine -- Vertical Cutting Machine -- Foam-shredding Machine -- Fully Automatic Operation -- Production (Manual or Semi-automatic) -- Manufacturing Plants for Large-Volume Producers -- Planned Production -- Location and Factory Buildings -- Storage Conditions -- Tank Room -- Trough Paper -- General Machinery -- Basic Equipment -- Utilities -- Plant Layout -- In-house Laboratory -- Quality Control -- Safety Systems -- Foam Production -- Recycling of Foam Waste -- Recommendations for Process Efficiency -- Basic Laboratory Equipment -- Recommendations for the Efficiency of Foam Plants -- Key Factors on a Production Floor -- Preventive Maintenance in Foam Plants -- Guidelines for a Quality Control System -- What is a Control Chart? -- What is an X-R Chart? -- What is a P Chart? -- General Recommendations for Troubleshooting. |
| title_auth | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / |
| title_exact_search | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / |
| title_full | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / Chris Defonseka. |
| title_fullStr | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / Chris Defonseka. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / Chris Defonseka. |
| title_short | Practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams / |
| title_sort | practical guide to flexible polyurethane foams |
| topic | Polyurethanes. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104740 Foamed materials. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85049608 Polyurethanes https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011140 Polyuréthannes. Mousses (Matériaux) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING Chemical & Biochemical. bisacsh Foamed materials fast Polyurethanes fast |
| topic_facet | Polyurethanes. Foamed materials. Polyurethanes Polyuréthannes. Mousses (Matériaux) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING Chemical & Biochemical. Foamed materials |
| url | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=591457 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT defonsekachris practicalguidetoflexiblepolyurethanefoams |