The slaves who defeated Napoleon :: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 /
To a contemporary audience, Haiti brings to mind Voodoo spells, Tontons Macoutes, and boat people--nothing worth fighting over. Two centuries ago, however, Haiti, then known as Saint-Domingue, was the & ldquo;Pearl of the Antilles, & rdquo; France's most valuable overseas colony, the la...
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tuscaloosa :
University of Alabama Press,
©2011.
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Atlantic crossings.
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | To a contemporary audience, Haiti brings to mind Voodoo spells, Tontons Macoutes, and boat people--nothing worth fighting over. Two centuries ago, however, Haiti, then known as Saint-Domingue, was the & ldquo;Pearl of the Antilles, & rdquo; France's most valuable overseas colony, the largest exporter of tropical products in the world, and the United States' second most important trading partner after England. Haiti was also the place where in 1801-1802 Napoľon Bonaparte sent the largest colonial venture of his reign: the Leclerc expedition. His goal was to remove the famous revolution. |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (xii, 444 pages) : illustrations |
| Bibliographie: | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| ISBN: | 9780817385408 0817385401 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Girard, Philippe R. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004041935 | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The slaves who defeated Napoleon : |b Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / |c Philippe R. Girard. |
| 260 | |a Tuscaloosa : |b University of Alabama Press, |c ©2011. | ||
| 300 | |a 1 online resource (xii, 444 pages) : |b illustrations | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Atlantic crossings | |
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a The Black Napoleon: Louverture and the 1801 Constitution -- The White Toussaint: Bonaparte's decision to invade Saint-Domingue -- Eve of a battle: planning the Leclerc expedition -- King of the Tropics: the Atlantic Crossing and the Moyse Uprising -- Parley: the French landing -- Supply and demand: Leclerc's diplomacy with the United States, Cuba, and Jamaica -- Ash and iron: the Spring campaign -- Lull: love, loot, labor, and Louverture's exile -- Mal de Siam: the yellow fever epidemic -- Faux Pas: the maroon uprising -- Revolt: the defection of the colonial army -- Reprieve: Rochambeau and the French counteroffensive -- Unity is strength: dessalines and the unification of the rebel army -- Echoes of Saint-Domingue: Louverture's captivity and the Louisiana Purchase -- New enemy, new partner: the British navy at war -- Sodom and Gomorrah: life in besieged French towns -- Resolution: the rebel victory -- Liberty and death: Haitian independence -- The long way home: French refugees and the Fall of Santo Domingo -- Conclusion. | |
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
| 520 | |a To a contemporary audience, Haiti brings to mind Voodoo spells, Tontons Macoutes, and boat people--nothing worth fighting over. Two centuries ago, however, Haiti, then known as Saint-Domingue, was the & ldquo;Pearl of the Antilles, & rdquo; France's most valuable overseas colony, the largest exporter of tropical products in the world, and the United States' second most important trading partner after England. Haiti was also the place where in 1801-1802 Napoľon Bonaparte sent the largest colonial venture of his reign: the Leclerc expedition. His goal was to remove the famous revolution. | ||
| 546 | |a English. | ||
| 600 | 1 | 0 | |a Toussaint Louverture, |d 1743-1803. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50014569 |
| 600 | 0 | 0 | |a Napoleon |b I, |c Emperor of the French, |d 1769-1821. |
| 600 | 0 | 1 | |a Napoleon |b I, |c Emperor of the French, |d 1769-1821. |
| 600 | 1 | 1 | |a Toussaint Louverture, |d 1743-1803. |
| 600 | 0 | 7 | |a Napoleon |b I, |c Emperor of the French, |d 1769-1821 |2 fast |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd67F4ymXMg9qqT8pkjC |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Toussaint Louverture, |d 1743-1803 |2 fast |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique |d 1743-1803 |2 gnd |0 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118574612 |
| 600 | 0 | 7 | |a Napoleon |b I. |c Frankreich, Kaiser |d 1769-1821 |2 gnd |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Toussaint L'Ouverture, François D. |2 idszbz |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Napoleon (Frankreich, Kaiser, |d 1) |2 idszbz |
| 651 | 0 | |a Haiti |x History |y Revolution, 1791-1804. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85058354 | |
| 651 | 0 | |a Haiti |x History |y Revolution, 1791-1804 |v Personal narratives. | |
| 651 | 0 | |a Haiti |x History |y Revolution, 1791-1804 |v Sources. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Generals |z Haiti |v Biography. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Revolutionaries |z Haiti |v Biography. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Statesmen |z Haiti |v Biography. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Hommes d'État |z Haïti |v Biographies. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Révolutionnaires |z Haïti |v Biographies. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Généraux |z Haïti |v Biographies. | |
| 651 | 6 | |a Haïti |x Histoire |y 1791-1804 (Révolution) |v Récits personnels. | |
| 651 | 6 | |a Haïti |x Histoire |y 1791-1804 (Révolution) |v Sources. | |
| 651 | 6 | |a Haïti |x Histoire |y 1791-1804 (Révolution) | |
| 650 | 7 | |a HISTORY |x Caribbean & West Indies |x General. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Generals |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Revolutionaries |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Statesmen |2 fast | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Haiti |2 fast |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8d7gKPv6RfPWf8hppT3 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Revolution |2 gnd |0 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4049680-6 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Unabhängigkeitskrieg |2 gnd |0 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186823-7 | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Frankreich |2 gnd |0 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4018145-5 | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Haiti |2 gnd |0 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4022974-9 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Revolution. |2 idszbz | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn772845400 |
|---|---|
| _version_ | 1816881782711123968 |
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Girard, Philippe R. |
| author_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004041935 |
| author_facet | Girard, Philippe R. |
| author_role | |
| author_sort | Girard, Philippe R. |
| author_variant | p r g pr prg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | localFWS |
| callnumber-first | F - General American History |
| callnumber-label | F1923 |
| callnumber-raw | F1923 .G57 2011 |
| callnumber-search | F1923 .G57 2011 |
| callnumber-sort | F 41923 G57 42011 |
| callnumber-subject | F - General American History |
| collection | ZDB-4-EBA |
| contents | The Black Napoleon: Louverture and the 1801 Constitution -- The White Toussaint: Bonaparte's decision to invade Saint-Domingue -- Eve of a battle: planning the Leclerc expedition -- King of the Tropics: the Atlantic Crossing and the Moyse Uprising -- Parley: the French landing -- Supply and demand: Leclerc's diplomacy with the United States, Cuba, and Jamaica -- Ash and iron: the Spring campaign -- Lull: love, loot, labor, and Louverture's exile -- Mal de Siam: the yellow fever epidemic -- Faux Pas: the maroon uprising -- Revolt: the defection of the colonial army -- Reprieve: Rochambeau and the French counteroffensive -- Unity is strength: dessalines and the unification of the rebel army -- Echoes of Saint-Domingue: Louverture's captivity and the Louisiana Purchase -- New enemy, new partner: the British navy at war -- Sodom and Gomorrah: life in besieged French towns -- Resolution: the rebel victory -- Liberty and death: Haitian independence -- The long way home: French refugees and the Fall of Santo Domingo -- Conclusion. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)772845400 |
| dewey-full | 972.94/03 972.9403 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 972 - Mexico, Central America, West Indies |
| dewey-raw | 972.94/03 972.9403 |
| dewey-search | 972.94/03 972.9403 |
| dewey-sort | 3972.94 13 |
| dewey-tens | 970 - History of North America |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | 1791-1804 fast |
| era_facet | 1791-1804 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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Girard.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tuscaloosa :</subfield><subfield code="b">University of Alabama Press,</subfield><subfield code="c">©2011.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (xii, 444 pages) :</subfield><subfield code="b">illustrations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Atlantic crossings</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The Black Napoleon: Louverture and the 1801 Constitution -- The White Toussaint: Bonaparte's decision to invade Saint-Domingue -- Eve of a battle: planning the Leclerc expedition -- King of the Tropics: the Atlantic Crossing and the Moyse Uprising -- Parley: the French landing -- Supply and demand: Leclerc's diplomacy with the United States, Cuba, and Jamaica -- Ash and iron: the Spring campaign -- Lull: love, loot, labor, and Louverture's exile -- Mal de Siam: the yellow fever epidemic -- Faux Pas: the maroon uprising -- Revolt: the defection of the colonial army -- Reprieve: Rochambeau and the French counteroffensive -- Unity is strength: dessalines and the unification of the rebel army -- Echoes of Saint-Domingue: Louverture's captivity and the Louisiana Purchase -- New enemy, new partner: the British navy at war -- Sodom and Gomorrah: life in besieged French towns -- Resolution: the rebel victory -- Liberty and death: Haitian independence -- The long way home: French refugees and the Fall of Santo Domingo -- Conclusion.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Print version record.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">To a contemporary audience, Haiti brings to mind Voodoo spells, Tontons Macoutes, and boat people--nothing worth fighting over. 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| genre | Biographies fast History fast Personal narratives fast Sources fast |
| genre_facet | Biographies History Personal narratives Sources |
| geographic | Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85058354 Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Personal narratives. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Récits personnels. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Haiti fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8d7gKPv6RfPWf8hppT3 Frankreich gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4018145-5 Haiti gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4022974-9 Haiti. idszbz Frankreich. idszbz |
| geographic_facet | Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Personal narratives. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Récits personnels. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Haiti Frankreich Haiti. Frankreich. |
| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn772845400 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:18:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780817385408 0817385401 |
| language | English |
| oclc_num | 772845400 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | 1 online resource (xii, 444 pages) : illustrations |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | University of Alabama Press, |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Atlantic crossings. |
| series2 | Atlantic crossings |
| spelling | Girard, Philippe R. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004041935 The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / Philippe R. Girard. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, ©2011. 1 online resource (xii, 444 pages) : illustrations text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Atlantic crossings Includes bibliographical references and index. The Black Napoleon: Louverture and the 1801 Constitution -- The White Toussaint: Bonaparte's decision to invade Saint-Domingue -- Eve of a battle: planning the Leclerc expedition -- King of the Tropics: the Atlantic Crossing and the Moyse Uprising -- Parley: the French landing -- Supply and demand: Leclerc's diplomacy with the United States, Cuba, and Jamaica -- Ash and iron: the Spring campaign -- Lull: love, loot, labor, and Louverture's exile -- Mal de Siam: the yellow fever epidemic -- Faux Pas: the maroon uprising -- Revolt: the defection of the colonial army -- Reprieve: Rochambeau and the French counteroffensive -- Unity is strength: dessalines and the unification of the rebel army -- Echoes of Saint-Domingue: Louverture's captivity and the Louisiana Purchase -- New enemy, new partner: the British navy at war -- Sodom and Gomorrah: life in besieged French towns -- Resolution: the rebel victory -- Liberty and death: Haitian independence -- The long way home: French refugees and the Fall of Santo Domingo -- Conclusion. Print version record. To a contemporary audience, Haiti brings to mind Voodoo spells, Tontons Macoutes, and boat people--nothing worth fighting over. Two centuries ago, however, Haiti, then known as Saint-Domingue, was the & ldquo;Pearl of the Antilles, & rdquo; France's most valuable overseas colony, the largest exporter of tropical products in the world, and the United States' second most important trading partner after England. Haiti was also the place where in 1801-1802 Napoľon Bonaparte sent the largest colonial venture of his reign: the Leclerc expedition. His goal was to remove the famous revolution. English. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50014569 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd67F4ymXMg9qqT8pkjC Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 fast Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique 1743-1803 gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/118574612 Napoleon I. Frankreich, Kaiser 1769-1821 gnd Toussaint L'Ouverture, François D. idszbz Napoleon (Frankreich, Kaiser, 1) idszbz Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85058354 Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Personal narratives. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Sources. Generals Haiti Biography. Revolutionaries Haiti Biography. Statesmen Haiti Biography. Hommes d'État Haïti Biographies. Révolutionnaires Haïti Biographies. Généraux Haïti Biographies. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Récits personnels. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) HISTORY Caribbean & West Indies General. bisacsh Generals fast Revolutionaries fast Statesmen fast Haiti fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8d7gKPv6RfPWf8hppT3 Revolution gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4049680-6 Unabhängigkeitskrieg gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186823-7 Frankreich gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4018145-5 Haiti gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4022974-9 Revolution. idszbz Unabhängigkeitskrieg. idszbz Haiti. idszbz Frankreich. idszbz Revolution (Haiti : 1791-1804) fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39Qhp4vB9x3pWX86w8mBbpXTb (OCoLC)fst01354524 1791-1804 fast Biographies fast History fast Personal narratives fast Sources fast Print version: Girard, Philippe R. Slaves who defeated Napoleon. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, ©2011 9780817317324 (DLC) 2011019639 (OCoLC)728656694 Atlantic crossings. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2008134473 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=420322 Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Girard, Philippe R. The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / Atlantic crossings. The Black Napoleon: Louverture and the 1801 Constitution -- The White Toussaint: Bonaparte's decision to invade Saint-Domingue -- Eve of a battle: planning the Leclerc expedition -- King of the Tropics: the Atlantic Crossing and the Moyse Uprising -- Parley: the French landing -- Supply and demand: Leclerc's diplomacy with the United States, Cuba, and Jamaica -- Ash and iron: the Spring campaign -- Lull: love, loot, labor, and Louverture's exile -- Mal de Siam: the yellow fever epidemic -- Faux Pas: the maroon uprising -- Revolt: the defection of the colonial army -- Reprieve: Rochambeau and the French counteroffensive -- Unity is strength: dessalines and the unification of the rebel army -- Echoes of Saint-Domingue: Louverture's captivity and the Louisiana Purchase -- New enemy, new partner: the British navy at war -- Sodom and Gomorrah: life in besieged French towns -- Resolution: the rebel victory -- Liberty and death: Haitian independence -- The long way home: French refugees and the Fall of Santo Domingo -- Conclusion. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50014569 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd67F4ymXMg9qqT8pkjC Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 fast Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique 1743-1803 gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/118574612 Napoleon I. Frankreich, Kaiser 1769-1821 gnd Toussaint L'Ouverture, François D. idszbz Napoleon (Frankreich, Kaiser, 1) idszbz Generals Haiti Biography. Revolutionaries Haiti Biography. Statesmen Haiti Biography. Hommes d'État Haïti Biographies. Révolutionnaires Haïti Biographies. Généraux Haïti Biographies. HISTORY Caribbean & West Indies General. bisacsh Generals fast Revolutionaries fast Statesmen fast Revolution gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4049680-6 Unabhängigkeitskrieg gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186823-7 Revolution. idszbz Unabhängigkeitskrieg. idszbz |
| subject_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50014569 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118574612 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85058354 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4049680-6 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186823-7 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4018145-5 http://d-nb.info/gnd/4022974-9 (OCoLC)fst01354524 |
| title | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / |
| title_auth | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / |
| title_exact_search | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / |
| title_full | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / Philippe R. Girard. |
| title_fullStr | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / Philippe R. Girard. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / Philippe R. Girard. |
| title_short | The slaves who defeated Napoleon : |
| title_sort | slaves who defeated napoleon toussaint louverture and the haitian war of independence 1801 1804 |
| title_sub | Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801-1804 / |
| topic | Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50014569 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd67F4ymXMg9qqT8pkjC Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 fast Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique 1743-1803 gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/118574612 Napoleon I. Frankreich, Kaiser 1769-1821 gnd Toussaint L'Ouverture, François D. idszbz Napoleon (Frankreich, Kaiser, 1) idszbz Generals Haiti Biography. Revolutionaries Haiti Biography. Statesmen Haiti Biography. Hommes d'État Haïti Biographies. Révolutionnaires Haïti Biographies. Généraux Haïti Biographies. HISTORY Caribbean & West Indies General. bisacsh Generals fast Revolutionaries fast Statesmen fast Revolution gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4049680-6 Unabhängigkeitskrieg gnd http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186823-7 Revolution. idszbz Unabhängigkeitskrieg. idszbz |
| topic_facet | Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique 1743-1803 Napoleon I. Frankreich, Kaiser 1769-1821 Toussaint L'Ouverture, François D. Napoleon (Frankreich, Kaiser, 1) Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Personal narratives. Haiti History Revolution, 1791-1804 Sources. Generals Haiti Biography. Revolutionaries Haiti Biography. Statesmen Haiti Biography. Hommes d'État Haïti Biographies. Révolutionnaires Haïti Biographies. Généraux Haïti Biographies. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Récits personnels. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) Sources. Haïti Histoire 1791-1804 (Révolution) HISTORY Caribbean & West Indies General. Generals Revolutionaries Statesmen Haiti Revolution Unabhängigkeitskrieg Frankreich Revolution. Unabhängigkeitskrieg. Haiti. Frankreich. Biographies History Personal narratives Sources |
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