Grades and grading practices :: obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students /
This second edition of Grades and Grading Practices not only contains updated and refreshed material on the problems caused by our current grading system, it also provides two additional chapters dealing with the present issues on assessment, standards, and social promotion. Designed to assist teach...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. :
C.C. Thomas,
©2003.
|
| Ausgabe: | 2nd ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | This second edition of Grades and Grading Practices not only contains updated and refreshed material on the problems caused by our current grading system, it also provides two additional chapters dealing with the present issues on assessment, standards, and social promotion. Designed to assist teachers, instructors, curriculum persons, and administrators who desire to implement cooperative thinking and problem-solving skills into the existing grading practices, this book calls attention to the obstacles that have been created. While poor grades may nudge some students to better performance, th. |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (vii, 123 pages) |
| ISBN: | 9780398084295 0398084297 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000cam a2200000Ma 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn689997419 | ||
| 003 | OCoLC | ||
| 005 | 20240705115654.0 | ||
| 006 | m o d | ||
| 007 | cr |n|---||||| | ||
| 008 | 101206s2003 ilu o 000 0 eng d | ||
| 040 | |a EBLCP |b eng |e pn |c EBLCP |d OCLCQ |d N$T |d OCLCQ |d OCLCF |d DEBSZ |d OCLCQ |d OCLCO |d E7B |d YDXCP |d OCLCQ |d AGLDB |d OCLCQ |d VTS |d STF |d M8D |d OCLCQ |d YDX |d OCLCO |d OCLCQ |d OCLCA |d INARC |d OCLCO |d OCLCL | ||
| 020 | |a 9780398084295 |q (electronic bk.) | ||
| 020 | |a 0398084297 |q (electronic bk.) | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)689997419 | ||
| 043 | |a n-us--- | ||
| 050 | 4 | |a LB3051 |b .H343 2003 | |
| 072 | 7 | |a EDU |x 001000 |2 bisacsh | |
| 082 | 7 | |a 371.27/2 | |
| 049 | |a MAIN | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hargis, Charles H. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82144365 | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Grades and grading practices : |b obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / |c by Charles H. Hargis. |
| 250 | |a 2nd ed. | ||
| 260 | |a Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. : |b C.C. Thomas, |c ©2003. | ||
| 300 | |a 1 online resource (vii, 123 pages) | ||
| 336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a This second edition of Grades and Grading Practices not only contains updated and refreshed material on the problems caused by our current grading system, it also provides two additional chapters dealing with the present issues on assessment, standards, and social promotion. Designed to assist teachers, instructors, curriculum persons, and administrators who desire to implement cooperative thinking and problem-solving skills into the existing grading practices, this book calls attention to the obstacles that have been created. While poor grades may nudge some students to better performance, th. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a 1. Overview -- 2. History of Grades -- 3. Myths About Grades -- 4. Normal Variation in Academic Ability -- 5. The Lock-Step Curriculum -- 6. The Specialist System -- 7. Scapegoats -- 8. Success, Failure, and Achievement -- 9. Grades as Etiology -- 10. Grading the Academically Talented -- 11. Grade-Induced Assessment Problems -- 12. Curriculum-Based Assessment -- 13. Alternatives to Grades -- 14. Instruction without Grades: Noncompetitive and Cooperative Learning -- 15. Grading Achievement Tests -- 16. Grading the Curriculum. | |
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Grading and marking (Students) |z United States. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Underachievers |z United States. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants) |z États-Unis. | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Élèves sous-performants |z États-Unis. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EDUCATION |x Administration |x General. |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Grading and marking (Students) |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Underachievers |2 fast | |
| 651 | 7 | |a United States |2 fast |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Docimologie. |2 rasuqam | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Élève à risque. |2 rasuqam | |
| 650 | 1 | 7 | |a Notation en éducation. |2 rasuqam |
| 650 | 7 | |a Réforme pédagogique. |2 rasuqam | |
| 651 | 7 | |a États-Unis. |2 rasuqam | |
| 758 | |i has work: |a Grades and grading practices (Text) |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCFyMVGmdb8dR3j8fYgTd33 |4 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork | ||
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version: |a Hargis, Charles H. |t Grades and grading practices. |d Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. : C.C. Thomas, ©2003 |z 9780398074302 |w (OCoLC)52121436 |
| 856 | 1 | |l FWS01 |p ZDB-4-EBA |q FWS_PDA_EBA |u https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531 |3 Volltext | |
| 856 | 1 | |l CBO01 |p ZDB-4-EBA |q FWS_PDA_EBA |u https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531 |3 Volltext | |
| 938 | |a Internet Archive |b INAR |n gradesgradingpra0000harg | ||
| 938 | |a ProQuest Ebook Central |b EBLB |n EBL605226 | ||
| 938 | |a ebrary |b EBRY |n ebr11047867 | ||
| 938 | |a EBSCOhost |b EBSC |n 448531 | ||
| 938 | |a YBP Library Services |b YANK |n 3543245 | ||
| 994 | |a 92 |b GEBAY | ||
| 912 | |a ZDB-4-EBA | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn689997419 |
|---|---|
| _version_ | 1813903389497491456 |
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Hargis, Charles H. |
| author_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82144365 |
| author_facet | Hargis, Charles H. |
| author_role | |
| author_sort | Hargis, Charles H. |
| author_variant | c h h ch chh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | localFWS |
| callnumber-first | L - Education |
| callnumber-label | LB3051 |
| callnumber-raw | LB3051 .H343 2003 |
| callnumber-search | LB3051 .H343 2003 |
| callnumber-sort | LB 43051 H343 42003 |
| callnumber-subject | LB - Theory and Practice of Education |
| collection | ZDB-4-EBA |
| contents | 1. Overview -- 2. History of Grades -- 3. Myths About Grades -- 4. Normal Variation in Academic Ability -- 5. The Lock-Step Curriculum -- 6. The Specialist System -- 7. Scapegoats -- 8. Success, Failure, and Achievement -- 9. Grades as Etiology -- 10. Grading the Academically Talented -- 11. Grade-Induced Assessment Problems -- 12. Curriculum-Based Assessment -- 13. Alternatives to Grades -- 14. Instruction without Grades: Noncompetitive and Cooperative Learning -- 15. Grading Achievement Tests -- 16. Grading the Curriculum. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)689997419 |
| dewey-full | 371.27/2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 371 - Schools and their activities; special education |
| dewey-raw | 371.27/2 |
| dewey-search | 371.27/2 |
| dewey-sort | 3371.27 12 |
| dewey-tens | 370 - Education |
| discipline | Pädagogik |
| edition | 2nd ed. |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03795cam a2200601Ma 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ZDB-4-EBA-ocn689997419</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">OCoLC</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240705115654.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m o d </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr |n|---|||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">101206s2003 ilu o 000 0 eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBLCP</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="e">pn</subfield><subfield code="c">EBLCP</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">N$T</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCF</subfield><subfield code="d">DEBSZ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">E7B</subfield><subfield code="d">YDXCP</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">AGLDB</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">VTS</subfield><subfield code="d">STF</subfield><subfield code="d">M8D</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">YDX</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCQ</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCA</subfield><subfield code="d">INARC</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCO</subfield><subfield code="d">OCLCL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780398084295</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0398084297</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)689997419</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="043" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">n-us---</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">LB3051</subfield><subfield code="b">.H343 2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">EDU</subfield><subfield code="x">001000</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">371.27/2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hargis, Charles H.</subfield><subfield code="0">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82144365</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grades and grading practices :</subfield><subfield code="b">obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students /</subfield><subfield code="c">by Charles H. Hargis.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2nd ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. :</subfield><subfield code="b">C.C. Thomas,</subfield><subfield code="c">©2003.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (vii, 123 pages)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">This second edition of Grades and Grading Practices not only contains updated and refreshed material on the problems caused by our current grading system, it also provides two additional chapters dealing with the present issues on assessment, standards, and social promotion. Designed to assist teachers, instructors, curriculum persons, and administrators who desire to implement cooperative thinking and problem-solving skills into the existing grading practices, this book calls attention to the obstacles that have been created. While poor grades may nudge some students to better performance, th.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1. Overview -- 2. History of Grades -- 3. Myths About Grades -- 4. Normal Variation in Academic Ability -- 5. The Lock-Step Curriculum -- 6. The Specialist System -- 7. Scapegoats -- 8. Success, Failure, and Achievement -- 9. Grades as Etiology -- 10. Grading the Academically Talented -- 11. Grade-Induced Assessment Problems -- 12. Curriculum-Based Assessment -- 13. Alternatives to Grades -- 14. Instruction without Grades: Noncompetitive and Cooperative Learning -- 15. Grading Achievement Tests -- 16. Grading the Curriculum.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Print version record.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grading and marking (Students)</subfield><subfield code="z">United States.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Underachievers</subfield><subfield code="z">United States.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants)</subfield><subfield code="z">États-Unis.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Élèves sous-performants</subfield><subfield code="z">États-Unis.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">EDUCATION</subfield><subfield code="x">Administration</subfield><subfield code="x">General.</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Grading and marking (Students)</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Underachievers</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">United States</subfield><subfield code="2">fast</subfield><subfield code="1">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Docimologie.</subfield><subfield code="2">rasuqam</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Élève à risque.</subfield><subfield code="2">rasuqam</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Notation en éducation.</subfield><subfield code="2">rasuqam</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Réforme pédagogique.</subfield><subfield code="2">rasuqam</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">États-Unis.</subfield><subfield code="2">rasuqam</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="758" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="i">has work:</subfield><subfield code="a">Grades and grading practices (Text)</subfield><subfield code="1">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCFyMVGmdb8dR3j8fYgTd33</subfield><subfield code="4">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Print version:</subfield><subfield code="a">Hargis, Charles H.</subfield><subfield code="t">Grades and grading practices.</subfield><subfield code="d">Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. : C.C. Thomas, ©2003</subfield><subfield code="z">9780398074302</subfield><subfield code="w">(OCoLC)52121436</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="l">FWS01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-4-EBA</subfield><subfield code="q">FWS_PDA_EBA</subfield><subfield code="u">https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="l">CBO01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-4-EBA</subfield><subfield code="q">FWS_PDA_EBA</subfield><subfield code="u">https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Internet Archive</subfield><subfield code="b">INAR</subfield><subfield code="n">gradesgradingpra0000harg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ProQuest Ebook Central</subfield><subfield code="b">EBLB</subfield><subfield code="n">EBL605226</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ebrary</subfield><subfield code="b">EBRY</subfield><subfield code="n">ebr11047867</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBSCOhost</subfield><subfield code="b">EBSC</subfield><subfield code="n">448531</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="938" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">YBP Library Services</subfield><subfield code="b">YANK</subfield><subfield code="n">3543245</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="994" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">92</subfield><subfield code="b">GEBAY</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-4-EBA</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | United States fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq États-Unis. rasuqam |
| geographic_facet | United States États-Unis. |
| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn689997419 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-25T16:17:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780398084295 0398084297 |
| language | English |
| oclc_num | 689997419 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN |
| owner_facet | MAIN |
| physical | 1 online resource (vii, 123 pages) |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | C.C. Thomas, |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hargis, Charles H. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82144365 Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / by Charles H. Hargis. 2nd ed. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. : C.C. Thomas, ©2003. 1 online resource (vii, 123 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier This second edition of Grades and Grading Practices not only contains updated and refreshed material on the problems caused by our current grading system, it also provides two additional chapters dealing with the present issues on assessment, standards, and social promotion. Designed to assist teachers, instructors, curriculum persons, and administrators who desire to implement cooperative thinking and problem-solving skills into the existing grading practices, this book calls attention to the obstacles that have been created. While poor grades may nudge some students to better performance, th. 1. Overview -- 2. History of Grades -- 3. Myths About Grades -- 4. Normal Variation in Academic Ability -- 5. The Lock-Step Curriculum -- 6. The Specialist System -- 7. Scapegoats -- 8. Success, Failure, and Achievement -- 9. Grades as Etiology -- 10. Grading the Academically Talented -- 11. Grade-Induced Assessment Problems -- 12. Curriculum-Based Assessment -- 13. Alternatives to Grades -- 14. Instruction without Grades: Noncompetitive and Cooperative Learning -- 15. Grading Achievement Tests -- 16. Grading the Curriculum. Print version record. Grading and marking (Students) United States. Underachievers United States. Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants) États-Unis. Élèves sous-performants États-Unis. EDUCATION Administration General. bisacsh Grading and marking (Students) fast Underachievers fast United States fast https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq Docimologie. rasuqam Élève à risque. rasuqam Notation en éducation. rasuqam Réforme pédagogique. rasuqam États-Unis. rasuqam has work: Grades and grading practices (Text) https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCFyMVGmdb8dR3j8fYgTd33 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork Print version: Hargis, Charles H. Grades and grading practices. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A. : C.C. Thomas, ©2003 9780398074302 (OCoLC)52121436 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531 Volltext CBO01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531 Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Hargis, Charles H. Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / 1. Overview -- 2. History of Grades -- 3. Myths About Grades -- 4. Normal Variation in Academic Ability -- 5. The Lock-Step Curriculum -- 6. The Specialist System -- 7. Scapegoats -- 8. Success, Failure, and Achievement -- 9. Grades as Etiology -- 10. Grading the Academically Talented -- 11. Grade-Induced Assessment Problems -- 12. Curriculum-Based Assessment -- 13. Alternatives to Grades -- 14. Instruction without Grades: Noncompetitive and Cooperative Learning -- 15. Grading Achievement Tests -- 16. Grading the Curriculum. Grading and marking (Students) United States. Underachievers United States. Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants) États-Unis. Élèves sous-performants États-Unis. EDUCATION Administration General. bisacsh Grading and marking (Students) fast Underachievers fast Docimologie. rasuqam Élève à risque. rasuqam Notation en éducation. rasuqam Réforme pédagogique. rasuqam |
| title | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / |
| title_auth | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / |
| title_exact_search | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / |
| title_full | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / by Charles H. Hargis. |
| title_fullStr | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / by Charles H. Hargis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grades and grading practices : obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / by Charles H. Hargis. |
| title_short | Grades and grading practices : |
| title_sort | grades and grading practices obstacles to improving education and to helping at risk students |
| title_sub | obstacles to improving education and to helping at-risk students / |
| topic | Grading and marking (Students) United States. Underachievers United States. Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants) États-Unis. Élèves sous-performants États-Unis. EDUCATION Administration General. bisacsh Grading and marking (Students) fast Underachievers fast Docimologie. rasuqam Élève à risque. rasuqam Notation en éducation. rasuqam Réforme pédagogique. rasuqam |
| topic_facet | Grading and marking (Students) United States. Underachievers United States. Classement et notation (Élèves et étudiants) États-Unis. Élèves sous-performants États-Unis. EDUCATION Administration General. Grading and marking (Students) Underachievers United States Docimologie. Élève à risque. Notation en éducation. Réforme pédagogique. États-Unis. |
| url | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=448531 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hargischarlesh gradesandgradingpracticesobstaclestoimprovingeducationandtohelpingatriskstudents |