The Arapaho language /:
The Arapaho Language is the definitive reference grammar of an endangered Algonquian language. Arapaho differs strikingly from other Algonquian languages, making it particularly relevant to the study of historical linguistics and the evolution of grammar. Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. document A...
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Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
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Boulder :
University Press of Colorado,
©2008.
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Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | The Arapaho Language is the definitive reference grammar of an endangered Algonquian language. Arapaho differs strikingly from other Algonquian languages, making it particularly relevant to the study of historical linguistics and the evolution of grammar. Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. document Arapaho's interesting features, including a pitch-based accent system with no exact Algonquian parallels, radical innovations in the verb system, and complex contrasts between affirmative and non-affirmative statements. Cowell and Moss detail strategies used by speakers of this highly polysynthetic. |
Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (xvii, 519 pages) |
Format: | Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. |
Bibliographie: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 501-504) and index. |
ISBN: | 9780870819940 0870819941 1457110512 9781457110511 |
Zugangseinschränkungen: | Legal Deposit; |
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100 | 1 | |a Cowell, Andrew, |d 1963- |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxVBtmd8FYDkgD47BRJwy |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98093574 | |
245 | 1 | 4 | |a The Arapaho language / |c Andrew Cowell, with Alonzo Moss, Sr. |
260 | |a Boulder : |b University Press of Colorado, |c ©2008. | ||
300 | |a 1 online resource (xvii, 519 pages) | ||
336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
347 | |a data file |2 rda | ||
380 | |a Bibliography | ||
504 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 501-504) and index. | ||
588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
506 | |3 Use copy |f Restrictions unspecified |2 star |5 MiAaHDL | ||
533 | |a Electronic reproduction. |b [Place of publication not identified] : |c HathiTrust Digital Library, |d 2010. |5 MiAaHDL | ||
538 | |a Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. |u http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212 |5 MiAaHDL | ||
583 | 1 | |a digitized |c 2010 |h HathiTrust Digital Library |l committed to preserve |2 pda |5 MiAaHDL | |
505 | 0 | |a Cover; Copyright; Contents; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 The Arapaho People and the Social Contexts of the Arapaho Language; 2 The Aims and Purposes of this Grammar; 3 The Arapaho Language Sources Used; 4 General Introduction to the Structure of the Arapaho Language; 5 Organization of the Grammar; PHONOLOGY; 1. Phonology; 1.1 Phonemes and Phonological Characteristics; 1.2 Intermorphemic Rules; 1.3 Pitch Accent; 1.4 Notes on Phonological Analyses in the Remainder of the Grammar; MORPHOLOGY-INFLECTION; 2. Inflection-Nouns; 2.1 Preliminary: Animacy and Inanimacy; 2.2 Plurals | |
505 | 8 | |a 2.3 Obviation2.4 Noun/Verb Agreement; 2.5 Possession; 2.6 Vocative; 2.7 Locative; 3. Inflection-Verbs; 3.1 Preliminary: Initial Change; 3.2 Affirmative Order; 3.3 Non-affirmative Order; 3.4 Imperative Order; 3.5 Conjunct Order; 3.6 Tense and Aspect; 3.7 Tense, Aspect, and Negation with Vowel-Initial Stems: Morpho-phonemic Details; 3.8 Conclusion; MORPHOLOGY-DERIVATION; 4. Derivation-Nouns; 4.1 The Base Noun Stem; 4.2 Derivational Suffixes; 4.3 Grammatical Initials, Prenouns, and Proclitics Used with Nouns; 4.4 Overall Morphosyntax of the Noun; 4.5 Deverbalisation Processes; 4.6 Verbal Nouns | |
505 | 8 | |a 5. Derivation-Verb Finals5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Preliminary Remarks: Grammatical vs. Semantic Transitivity; 5.3 Derivational Finals; 5.4 Secondary Derivation and Valence Shifting; 5.5 Passives; 5.6 Causation; 5.7 Rapid Action; 5.8 Multiple Secondary Derivational Finals; 5.9 Derivation from Verb to Noun and Noun to Verb; 5.10 Samples of Various Verb Stems Based on the Same Root; 6. Derivation-Verb Medials and Concrete Finals; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Object/Undergoer Construction; 6.3 Body Part Medials; 6.4 Instrumental Construction; 6.5 Mode of Action Construction; 6.6 Topic Construction | |
505 | 8 | |a 6.7 Sensation Construction6.8 Self-sensation Construction; 6.9 Natural Forces Construction; 6.10 Contrasting Independent and Dependent (Final) Verbs; 6.11 Dependent Verb Finals with Nominal-like Initial Elements; 6.12 Additional Nominal Incorporations; 6.13 Derivation of Additional Medials and Concrete Finals from Verbs; 7. Derivation-Denominalizations; 7.1 Possessive Construction; 7.2 'Have as a ... ' Construction; 7.3 Gathering/producing Construction; 7.4 Predicative Construction, 'to be a ... '; 7.5 Similative Construction, 'to be like a ... '; 7.6 Existential Construction, 'there is ... here' | |
505 | 8 | |a 7.7 Impersonal Verb8. Derivation-Reduplication; 8.1 Formation; 8.2 Semantics of Reduplication; 8.3 Multiple Reduplications-of Different Morphemes-in One Word; 8.4 Lexicalized Reduplications; 9. Derivation-Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Aspect; 9.3 Auxiliary/Modal Forms; 9.4 Qualifiers, Quantifiers, Intensifiers, and Delimiters; 9.5 Direction and Location; 9.6 Time; 9.7 Manner; 9.8 General Remarks on the Semantics of Arapaho Preverbs/Initials; 9.9 Unusual Verb Initial Roots; 9.10 Derivation of Additional Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.11 A Derivational Sample | |
520 | |a The Arapaho Language is the definitive reference grammar of an endangered Algonquian language. Arapaho differs strikingly from other Algonquian languages, making it particularly relevant to the study of historical linguistics and the evolution of grammar. Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. document Arapaho's interesting features, including a pitch-based accent system with no exact Algonquian parallels, radical innovations in the verb system, and complex contrasts between affirmative and non-affirmative statements. Cowell and Moss detail strategies used by speakers of this highly polysynthetic. | ||
506 | 1 | |a Legal Deposit; |c Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; |e The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK). |5 WlAbNL | |
546 | |a English. | ||
650 | 0 | |a Arapaho language |x Grammar. | |
650 | 6 | |a Arapaho (Langue) |x Grammaire. | |
650 | 7 | |a FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY |x Native American Languages. |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a SOCIAL SCIENCE |x General. |2 bisacsh | |
650 | 7 | |a Grammatik |2 gnd | |
651 | 7 | |a Arapaho. |2 swd | |
655 | 4 | |a Electronic book. | |
700 | 1 | |a Moss, Alonzo, |c Sr. |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjHdgRY7F3hMwrhrXCG9wC |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2005107956 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version: |a Cowell, Andrew, 1963- |t Arapaho language. |d Boulder : University Press of Colorado, ©2008 |w (DLC) 2008022137 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
DE-BY-FWS_katkey | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn506069183 |
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adam_text | |
any_adam_object | |
author | Cowell, Andrew, 1963- |
author2 | Moss, Alonzo, Sr |
author2_role | |
author2_variant | a m am |
author_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98093574 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2005107956 |
author_facet | Cowell, Andrew, 1963- Moss, Alonzo, Sr |
author_role | |
author_sort | Cowell, Andrew, 1963- |
author_variant | a c ac |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | localFWS |
callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
callnumber-label | PM635 |
callnumber-raw | PM635 .C69 2008eb |
callnumber-search | PM635 .C69 2008eb |
callnumber-sort | PM 3635 C69 42008EB |
callnumber-subject | PM - Hyperborean, Indian, and Artificial Languages |
collection | ZDB-4-EBA |
contents | Cover; Copyright; Contents; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 The Arapaho People and the Social Contexts of the Arapaho Language; 2 The Aims and Purposes of this Grammar; 3 The Arapaho Language Sources Used; 4 General Introduction to the Structure of the Arapaho Language; 5 Organization of the Grammar; PHONOLOGY; 1. Phonology; 1.1 Phonemes and Phonological Characteristics; 1.2 Intermorphemic Rules; 1.3 Pitch Accent; 1.4 Notes on Phonological Analyses in the Remainder of the Grammar; MORPHOLOGY-INFLECTION; 2. Inflection-Nouns; 2.1 Preliminary: Animacy and Inanimacy; 2.2 Plurals 2.3 Obviation2.4 Noun/Verb Agreement; 2.5 Possession; 2.6 Vocative; 2.7 Locative; 3. Inflection-Verbs; 3.1 Preliminary: Initial Change; 3.2 Affirmative Order; 3.3 Non-affirmative Order; 3.4 Imperative Order; 3.5 Conjunct Order; 3.6 Tense and Aspect; 3.7 Tense, Aspect, and Negation with Vowel-Initial Stems: Morpho-phonemic Details; 3.8 Conclusion; MORPHOLOGY-DERIVATION; 4. Derivation-Nouns; 4.1 The Base Noun Stem; 4.2 Derivational Suffixes; 4.3 Grammatical Initials, Prenouns, and Proclitics Used with Nouns; 4.4 Overall Morphosyntax of the Noun; 4.5 Deverbalisation Processes; 4.6 Verbal Nouns 5. Derivation-Verb Finals5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Preliminary Remarks: Grammatical vs. Semantic Transitivity; 5.3 Derivational Finals; 5.4 Secondary Derivation and Valence Shifting; 5.5 Passives; 5.6 Causation; 5.7 Rapid Action; 5.8 Multiple Secondary Derivational Finals; 5.9 Derivation from Verb to Noun and Noun to Verb; 5.10 Samples of Various Verb Stems Based on the Same Root; 6. Derivation-Verb Medials and Concrete Finals; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Object/Undergoer Construction; 6.3 Body Part Medials; 6.4 Instrumental Construction; 6.5 Mode of Action Construction; 6.6 Topic Construction 6.7 Sensation Construction6.8 Self-sensation Construction; 6.9 Natural Forces Construction; 6.10 Contrasting Independent and Dependent (Final) Verbs; 6.11 Dependent Verb Finals with Nominal-like Initial Elements; 6.12 Additional Nominal Incorporations; 6.13 Derivation of Additional Medials and Concrete Finals from Verbs; 7. Derivation-Denominalizations; 7.1 Possessive Construction; 7.2 'Have as a ... ' Construction; 7.3 Gathering/producing Construction; 7.4 Predicative Construction, 'to be a ... '; 7.5 Similative Construction, 'to be like a ... '; 7.6 Existential Construction, 'there is ... here' 7.7 Impersonal Verb8. Derivation-Reduplication; 8.1 Formation; 8.2 Semantics of Reduplication; 8.3 Multiple Reduplications-of Different Morphemes-in One Word; 8.4 Lexicalized Reduplications; 9. Derivation-Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Aspect; 9.3 Auxiliary/Modal Forms; 9.4 Qualifiers, Quantifiers, Intensifiers, and Delimiters; 9.5 Direction and Location; 9.6 Time; 9.7 Manner; 9.8 General Remarks on the Semantics of Arapaho Preverbs/Initials; 9.9 Unusual Verb Initial Roots; 9.10 Derivation of Additional Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.11 A Derivational Sample |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)506069183 |
dewey-full | 497/.354 |
dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
dewey-ones | 497 - North American native languages |
dewey-raw | 497/.354 |
dewey-search | 497/.354 |
dewey-sort | 3497 3354 |
dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen |
format | Electronic eBook |
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genre_facet | Electronic book. |
geographic | Arapaho. swd |
geographic_facet | Arapaho. |
id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn506069183 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:16:56Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780870819940 0870819941 1457110512 9781457110511 |
language | English |
oclc_num | 506069183 |
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spelling | Cowell, Andrew, 1963- https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxVBtmd8FYDkgD47BRJwy http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98093574 The Arapaho language / Andrew Cowell, with Alonzo Moss, Sr. Boulder : University Press of Colorado, ©2008. 1 online resource (xvii, 519 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier data file rda Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 501-504) and index. Print version record. Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL Electronic reproduction. [Place of publication not identified] : HathiTrust Digital Library, 2010. MiAaHDL Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212 MiAaHDL digitized 2010 HathiTrust Digital Library committed to preserve pda MiAaHDL Cover; Copyright; Contents; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 The Arapaho People and the Social Contexts of the Arapaho Language; 2 The Aims and Purposes of this Grammar; 3 The Arapaho Language Sources Used; 4 General Introduction to the Structure of the Arapaho Language; 5 Organization of the Grammar; PHONOLOGY; 1. Phonology; 1.1 Phonemes and Phonological Characteristics; 1.2 Intermorphemic Rules; 1.3 Pitch Accent; 1.4 Notes on Phonological Analyses in the Remainder of the Grammar; MORPHOLOGY-INFLECTION; 2. Inflection-Nouns; 2.1 Preliminary: Animacy and Inanimacy; 2.2 Plurals 2.3 Obviation2.4 Noun/Verb Agreement; 2.5 Possession; 2.6 Vocative; 2.7 Locative; 3. Inflection-Verbs; 3.1 Preliminary: Initial Change; 3.2 Affirmative Order; 3.3 Non-affirmative Order; 3.4 Imperative Order; 3.5 Conjunct Order; 3.6 Tense and Aspect; 3.7 Tense, Aspect, and Negation with Vowel-Initial Stems: Morpho-phonemic Details; 3.8 Conclusion; MORPHOLOGY-DERIVATION; 4. Derivation-Nouns; 4.1 The Base Noun Stem; 4.2 Derivational Suffixes; 4.3 Grammatical Initials, Prenouns, and Proclitics Used with Nouns; 4.4 Overall Morphosyntax of the Noun; 4.5 Deverbalisation Processes; 4.6 Verbal Nouns 5. Derivation-Verb Finals5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Preliminary Remarks: Grammatical vs. Semantic Transitivity; 5.3 Derivational Finals; 5.4 Secondary Derivation and Valence Shifting; 5.5 Passives; 5.6 Causation; 5.7 Rapid Action; 5.8 Multiple Secondary Derivational Finals; 5.9 Derivation from Verb to Noun and Noun to Verb; 5.10 Samples of Various Verb Stems Based on the Same Root; 6. Derivation-Verb Medials and Concrete Finals; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Object/Undergoer Construction; 6.3 Body Part Medials; 6.4 Instrumental Construction; 6.5 Mode of Action Construction; 6.6 Topic Construction 6.7 Sensation Construction6.8 Self-sensation Construction; 6.9 Natural Forces Construction; 6.10 Contrasting Independent and Dependent (Final) Verbs; 6.11 Dependent Verb Finals with Nominal-like Initial Elements; 6.12 Additional Nominal Incorporations; 6.13 Derivation of Additional Medials and Concrete Finals from Verbs; 7. Derivation-Denominalizations; 7.1 Possessive Construction; 7.2 'Have as a ... ' Construction; 7.3 Gathering/producing Construction; 7.4 Predicative Construction, 'to be a ... '; 7.5 Similative Construction, 'to be like a ... '; 7.6 Existential Construction, 'there is ... here' 7.7 Impersonal Verb8. Derivation-Reduplication; 8.1 Formation; 8.2 Semantics of Reduplication; 8.3 Multiple Reduplications-of Different Morphemes-in One Word; 8.4 Lexicalized Reduplications; 9. Derivation-Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Aspect; 9.3 Auxiliary/Modal Forms; 9.4 Qualifiers, Quantifiers, Intensifiers, and Delimiters; 9.5 Direction and Location; 9.6 Time; 9.7 Manner; 9.8 General Remarks on the Semantics of Arapaho Preverbs/Initials; 9.9 Unusual Verb Initial Roots; 9.10 Derivation of Additional Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.11 A Derivational Sample The Arapaho Language is the definitive reference grammar of an endangered Algonquian language. Arapaho differs strikingly from other Algonquian languages, making it particularly relevant to the study of historical linguistics and the evolution of grammar. Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. document Arapaho's interesting features, including a pitch-based accent system with no exact Algonquian parallels, radical innovations in the verb system, and complex contrasts between affirmative and non-affirmative statements. Cowell and Moss detail strategies used by speakers of this highly polysynthetic. Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK). WlAbNL English. Arapaho language Grammar. Arapaho (Langue) Grammaire. FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY Native American Languages. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Grammatik gnd Arapaho. swd Electronic book. Moss, Alonzo, Sr. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjHdgRY7F3hMwrhrXCG9wC http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2005107956 Print version: Cowell, Andrew, 1963- Arapaho language. Boulder : University Press of Colorado, ©2008 (DLC) 2008022137 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=290795 Volltext |
spellingShingle | Cowell, Andrew, 1963- The Arapaho language / Cover; Copyright; Contents; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 The Arapaho People and the Social Contexts of the Arapaho Language; 2 The Aims and Purposes of this Grammar; 3 The Arapaho Language Sources Used; 4 General Introduction to the Structure of the Arapaho Language; 5 Organization of the Grammar; PHONOLOGY; 1. Phonology; 1.1 Phonemes and Phonological Characteristics; 1.2 Intermorphemic Rules; 1.3 Pitch Accent; 1.4 Notes on Phonological Analyses in the Remainder of the Grammar; MORPHOLOGY-INFLECTION; 2. Inflection-Nouns; 2.1 Preliminary: Animacy and Inanimacy; 2.2 Plurals 2.3 Obviation2.4 Noun/Verb Agreement; 2.5 Possession; 2.6 Vocative; 2.7 Locative; 3. Inflection-Verbs; 3.1 Preliminary: Initial Change; 3.2 Affirmative Order; 3.3 Non-affirmative Order; 3.4 Imperative Order; 3.5 Conjunct Order; 3.6 Tense and Aspect; 3.7 Tense, Aspect, and Negation with Vowel-Initial Stems: Morpho-phonemic Details; 3.8 Conclusion; MORPHOLOGY-DERIVATION; 4. Derivation-Nouns; 4.1 The Base Noun Stem; 4.2 Derivational Suffixes; 4.3 Grammatical Initials, Prenouns, and Proclitics Used with Nouns; 4.4 Overall Morphosyntax of the Noun; 4.5 Deverbalisation Processes; 4.6 Verbal Nouns 5. Derivation-Verb Finals5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Preliminary Remarks: Grammatical vs. Semantic Transitivity; 5.3 Derivational Finals; 5.4 Secondary Derivation and Valence Shifting; 5.5 Passives; 5.6 Causation; 5.7 Rapid Action; 5.8 Multiple Secondary Derivational Finals; 5.9 Derivation from Verb to Noun and Noun to Verb; 5.10 Samples of Various Verb Stems Based on the Same Root; 6. Derivation-Verb Medials and Concrete Finals; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Object/Undergoer Construction; 6.3 Body Part Medials; 6.4 Instrumental Construction; 6.5 Mode of Action Construction; 6.6 Topic Construction 6.7 Sensation Construction6.8 Self-sensation Construction; 6.9 Natural Forces Construction; 6.10 Contrasting Independent and Dependent (Final) Verbs; 6.11 Dependent Verb Finals with Nominal-like Initial Elements; 6.12 Additional Nominal Incorporations; 6.13 Derivation of Additional Medials and Concrete Finals from Verbs; 7. Derivation-Denominalizations; 7.1 Possessive Construction; 7.2 'Have as a ... ' Construction; 7.3 Gathering/producing Construction; 7.4 Predicative Construction, 'to be a ... '; 7.5 Similative Construction, 'to be like a ... '; 7.6 Existential Construction, 'there is ... here' 7.7 Impersonal Verb8. Derivation-Reduplication; 8.1 Formation; 8.2 Semantics of Reduplication; 8.3 Multiple Reduplications-of Different Morphemes-in One Word; 8.4 Lexicalized Reduplications; 9. Derivation-Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Aspect; 9.3 Auxiliary/Modal Forms; 9.4 Qualifiers, Quantifiers, Intensifiers, and Delimiters; 9.5 Direction and Location; 9.6 Time; 9.7 Manner; 9.8 General Remarks on the Semantics of Arapaho Preverbs/Initials; 9.9 Unusual Verb Initial Roots; 9.10 Derivation of Additional Preverbs and Verb Initials; 9.11 A Derivational Sample Arapaho language Grammar. Arapaho (Langue) Grammaire. FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY Native American Languages. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Grammatik gnd |
title | The Arapaho language / |
title_auth | The Arapaho language / |
title_exact_search | The Arapaho language / |
title_full | The Arapaho language / Andrew Cowell, with Alonzo Moss, Sr. |
title_fullStr | The Arapaho language / Andrew Cowell, with Alonzo Moss, Sr. |
title_full_unstemmed | The Arapaho language / Andrew Cowell, with Alonzo Moss, Sr. |
title_short | The Arapaho language / |
title_sort | arapaho language |
topic | Arapaho language Grammar. Arapaho (Langue) Grammaire. FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY Native American Languages. bisacsh SOCIAL SCIENCE General. bisacsh Grammatik gnd |
topic_facet | Arapaho language Grammar. Arapaho (Langue) Grammaire. FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY Native American Languages. SOCIAL SCIENCE General. Grammatik Arapaho. Electronic book. |
url | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=290795 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cowellandrew thearapaholanguage AT mossalonzo thearapaholanguage AT cowellandrew arapaholanguage AT mossalonzo arapaholanguage |