Theory and evidence :: the development of scientific reasoning /
In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, Mass. :
MIT Press,
©1996.
©1996 |
| Schriftenreihe: | Learning, development, and conceptual change.
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success. |
| Beschreibung: | "A Bradford book." |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (xii, 298 pages) : illustrations |
| Bibliographie: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-290) and index. |
| ISBN: | 0585002894 9780585002897 9780262112093 0262112094 0262512793 9780262512794 9780262277471 0262277476 |
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| 520 | |a In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a The role of mechanism and alternative accounts in formal-operational, causal, and scientific reasoning -- Disconfirming and anomalous evidence -- When non-humean indices replace or override covariation -- Beliefs about covariation and causal mechanisms--implausible as well as plausible -- Assessing internal and external validity -- Evaluating explanations in light of alternative accounts -- Rendering implausible causes plausible -- Deciding whether anomalies refine a theory or call it into question -- Disconfirming mechanism and covariation components of a theory -- Confirmation, disconfirmation, and differing views of scientific inquiry -- Spontaneous generation of appropriate tests, causal mechanisms, and alternative hypotheses -- General summary and conclusions. | |
| 588 | 0 | |a Print version record. | |
| 546 | |a English. | ||
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| adam_text | |
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| author | Koslowski, Barbara |
| author_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n95040016 |
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| contents | The role of mechanism and alternative accounts in formal-operational, causal, and scientific reasoning -- Disconfirming and anomalous evidence -- When non-humean indices replace or override covariation -- Beliefs about covariation and causal mechanisms--implausible as well as plausible -- Assessing internal and external validity -- Evaluating explanations in light of alternative accounts -- Rendering implausible causes plausible -- Deciding whether anomalies refine a theory or call it into question -- Disconfirming mechanism and covariation components of a theory -- Confirmation, disconfirmation, and differing views of scientific inquiry -- Spontaneous generation of appropriate tests, causal mechanisms, and alternative hypotheses -- General summary and conclusions. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)42854106 |
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| dewey-ones | 501 - Philosophy and theory |
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| dewey-search | 501/.9 |
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| dewey-tens | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| discipline | Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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code="a">In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. 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| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocm42854106 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-27T13:14:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0585002894 9780585002897 9780262112093 0262112094 0262512793 9780262512794 9780262277471 0262277476 |
| language | English |
| oclc_num | 42854106 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | MAIN DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | 1 online resource (xii, 298 pages) : illustrations |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | MIT Press, |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Learning, development, and conceptual change. |
| series2 | Learning, development, and conceptual change |
| spelling | Koslowski, Barbara. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n95040016 Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, ©1996. ©1996 1 online resource (xii, 298 pages) : illustrations text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier text file Learning, development, and conceptual change "A Bradford book." Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-290) and index. In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success. The role of mechanism and alternative accounts in formal-operational, causal, and scientific reasoning -- Disconfirming and anomalous evidence -- When non-humean indices replace or override covariation -- Beliefs about covariation and causal mechanisms--implausible as well as plausible -- Assessing internal and external validity -- Evaluating explanations in light of alternative accounts -- Rendering implausible causes plausible -- Deciding whether anomalies refine a theory or call it into question -- Disconfirming mechanism and covariation components of a theory -- Confirmation, disconfirmation, and differing views of scientific inquiry -- Spontaneous generation of appropriate tests, causal mechanisms, and alternative hypotheses -- General summary and conclusions. Print version record. English. Reasoning. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111790 Science Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118582 Thought and thinking. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85134988 Science. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118553 Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85100849 Thinking Science Philosophy Pensée. Sciences. Philosophie. thinking. aat sciences (philosophy) aat philosophy. aat science (modern discipline) aat SCIENCE Philosophy & Social Aspects. bisacsh Thought and thinking fast Science fast Philosophy fast Reasoning fast Science Philosophy fast Redeneren. gtt Onderzoek. gtt Wetenschap. gtt Science Philosophy COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General COGNITIVE SCIENCES/Psychology/Cognitive Psychology has work: Theory and evidence (Text) https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCFtMMfTvWXywqJbYKf4kcK https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ontology/hasWork Print version: Koslowski, Barbara. Theory and evidence. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, ©1996 0262112094 (DLC) 95017409 (OCoLC)32543475 Learning, development, and conceptual change. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n86712337 FWS01 ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1406 Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Koslowski, Barbara Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Learning, development, and conceptual change. The role of mechanism and alternative accounts in formal-operational, causal, and scientific reasoning -- Disconfirming and anomalous evidence -- When non-humean indices replace or override covariation -- Beliefs about covariation and causal mechanisms--implausible as well as plausible -- Assessing internal and external validity -- Evaluating explanations in light of alternative accounts -- Rendering implausible causes plausible -- Deciding whether anomalies refine a theory or call it into question -- Disconfirming mechanism and covariation components of a theory -- Confirmation, disconfirmation, and differing views of scientific inquiry -- Spontaneous generation of appropriate tests, causal mechanisms, and alternative hypotheses -- General summary and conclusions. Reasoning. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111790 Science Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118582 Thought and thinking. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85134988 Science. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118553 Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85100849 Thinking Science Philosophy Pensée. Sciences. Philosophie. thinking. aat sciences (philosophy) aat philosophy. aat science (modern discipline) aat SCIENCE Philosophy & Social Aspects. bisacsh Thought and thinking fast Science fast Philosophy fast Reasoning fast Science Philosophy fast Redeneren. gtt Onderzoek. gtt Wetenschap. gtt |
| subject_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111790 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118582 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85134988 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118553 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85100849 |
| title | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / |
| title_auth | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / |
| title_exact_search | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / |
| title_full | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski. |
| title_fullStr | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski. |
| title_short | Theory and evidence : |
| title_sort | theory and evidence the development of scientific reasoning |
| title_sub | the development of scientific reasoning / |
| topic | Reasoning. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85111790 Science Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118582 Thought and thinking. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85134988 Science. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118553 Philosophy. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85100849 Thinking Science Philosophy Pensée. Sciences. Philosophie. thinking. aat sciences (philosophy) aat philosophy. aat science (modern discipline) aat SCIENCE Philosophy & Social Aspects. bisacsh Thought and thinking fast Science fast Philosophy fast Reasoning fast Science Philosophy fast Redeneren. gtt Onderzoek. gtt Wetenschap. gtt |
| topic_facet | Reasoning. Science Philosophy. Thought and thinking. Science. Philosophy. Thinking Science Philosophy Pensée. Sciences. Philosophie. thinking. sciences (philosophy) philosophy. science (modern discipline) SCIENCE Philosophy & Social Aspects. Thought and thinking Reasoning Science Philosophy Redeneren. Onderzoek. Wetenschap. |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT koslowskibarbara theoryandevidencethedevelopmentofscientificreasoning |