Menachem Mendel Schneerson: becoming the Messiah
"The Chabad-Lubavitch movement, one of the world’s best-known Hasidic groups, is driven by the belief that we are on the verge of the messianic age. The man most recognized for the movement’s success is the seventh and last Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), believed by...
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New Haven ; London
Yale University Press
[2024]
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| Zusammenfassung: | "The Chabad-Lubavitch movement, one of the world’s best-known Hasidic groups, is driven by the belief that we are on the verge of the messianic age. The man most recognized for the movement’s success is the seventh and last Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), believed by many of his followers to be the Messiah. While hope of redemption has sustained the Jewish people through exile and persecution, it has also upended Jewish society with its apocalyptic and anarchic tendencies. So it is not surprising that Schneerson's messianic fervor made him one of the most controversial rabbinic leaders of the twentieth century. How did he go from being an ordinary rabbi’s son in the Russian Empire to achieving status as a mystical sage? How did he revitalize a centuries-old Hasidic movement, construct an outreach empire of unprecedented scope, and earn the admiration and condemnation of political, communal, and religious leaders in America and abroad? Ezra Glinter’s deeply researched account is the first biography of Schneerson to combine a nonpartisan view of his life, work, and impact with an insider’s understanding of the ideology that drove him and that continues to inspire the Chabad-Lubavitch movement today." |
| Beschreibung: | x, 303 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780300222623 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "The Chabad-Lubavitch movement, one of the world’s best-known Hasidic groups, is driven by the belief that we are on the verge of the messianic age. The man most recognized for the movement’s success is the seventh and last Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), believed by many of his followers to be the Messiah. While hope of redemption has sustained the Jewish people through exile and persecution, it has also upended Jewish society with its apocalyptic and anarchic tendencies. So it is not surprising that Schneerson's messianic fervor made him one of the most controversial rabbinic leaders of the twentieth century. How did he go from being an ordinary rabbi’s son in the Russian Empire to achieving status as a mystical sage? How did he revitalize a centuries-old Hasidic movement, construct an outreach empire of unprecedented scope, and earn the admiration and condemnation of political, communal, and religious leaders in America and abroad? Ezra Glinter’s deeply researched account is the first biography of Schneerson to combine a nonpartisan view of his life, work, and impact with an insider’s understanding of the ideology that drove him and that continues to inspire the Chabad-Lubavitch movement today." | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS A Note on Style and Usage, ix Prologue, г I. The Prodigy of Ekaterinoslav, 6 2. All Is God, 18 3. In the Court of Lubavitch, 33 4. University Days, 49 5. A Home in America, 71 6. Becoming the Rebbe, 88 7. New Beginnings, 114 8. Breaking Out, 132 9. Expanding Influence, 152
CONTENTS io. A Heart in the East, 180 il. Larger than Life, 200 12. End of Days, 224 Epilogue, 253 Notes, 263 Acknowledgments, 285 Index, 287 viii
INDEX Italic page numbers indicate illustrations. Abarbanel, Isaac ben Judah, 239 Abba Arikha (Rav), 231 abortion,172 Abraham (patriarch), 97, 195 Abraham bar Hiyya, 238-39 Abraham ben David, in Abrams, Diane, 216 Abrams, Robert, 159, 216 Abulafia, Abraham, 238 activism, 2,109, 137-38; women and, 176-77. See also outreach of Chabad Adam and Eve story, 62, 92 Agenda for Peace (United Nations), 242 Agudas Chasidei Chabad (Union of Chabad Hasidim), 77, 211, 213, 226 Agudas Chasidei Chabad of United States V. Gourary (2d Cir. 1987), 214 Agudas Chasidei Chabad of United States v. Gourary (E.D.N.Y. 1987), 212-14 Agudat Hasidim Anshei Chabad (Union of Hasidim People of Chabad), 77 Agudat HaTemimim (association of Lubavitcher yeshiva graduates), 39 Agudath Israel (U.S. political organiza tion), 234 Agudat N’shei u’Banot Chabad (Organi zation for Chabad Women and Girls), 174,177 Agudat Yisrael party (Israel), 61,196-98, 236 Aish HaTorah, 143 Akiva (rabbi), 22,103 Alexander II (tsar), 11 Algerneiner Journal, 235 Al-Ruhi, David (Alroy), 104 Al-Sabah, Jaber al-Ahmad (sheikh), 241 Al Saud, Fahd bin Abdulaziz (Saudi king), 241 Althaus, Eliyahu Chaim, 43-45,46, 55, 57-58, 64 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 170 American Jewish Committee, 163 American Jewish Congress, 171 287
INDEX The Anointed King and Complete Redemp tion, 22 1 antinomian dilemma, 103, 104,106-7, 109-11 antisemitism: of Central Powers, 34; in Communist Europe, 190-91; in Germany, 51,65; of Nazis, 65, 70; in post-World War I era, 34; riots and looting in Crown Heights (1991), 232-33; school prayer issue and, 163; of Soviets, 35-36; in tsarist Russia, 11; of Ukrainians and Poles, 34 anti-Zionism: of Shalom Dov Ber, 182, 184; after founding of State of Israel, 183; of Schneerson, 2,184,198; of Chana Schneerson, 35; Schneerson’s praise of Israel provoking, 192; of Levi Yitshak (Schneerson's father), 12; of Yosef Yitshak, 184 Applebaum, Sholom Zev, 122 atheism, 158, 164 Augustine’s Confessions, г i authoritarian regimes, 179 Avner, Yehudah, 218 Avraham of Kalisk, 27 Ba’al ShemTov (Besht), 8,18-19, 24, 32,108,112,127,133,138-39, 243; married to Hannah, 19 ba'al teshuva (repentance movement), 143-44 Baeck, Leo (rabbi), 45 Bais Chana, 143 Baker, James, 198 Bakunin, Mikhail, 13 Barchenko, Alexander Vasilyevich, 43 Bar Koseva (Bar Kokhba), Simeon, 103 Bar-Yehuda, Israel (Israel Eidelsohn), J7 *93 becoming the rebbe, 88-100,115; fur hat (shtrayml) of Yosef Yitshak not given to Schneerson, 149; Gourary as possible successor to Yosef Yitshak, 88-90, 93; Gourary’s acceptance of Schneerson as leader, 149; legitimacy of Schneerson’s leadership, 211-12, 215; Schneer son’s reluctance to assume rebbe position, 90-94, 248; Schneerson’s rising to meet the job, 247 Begin, Menachem, 186,196 Beis Yaakov school movement, 173 Ben Eli'ezer, Israel. See Ba’al Shem Ίον Ben-Gurion, David, 183,186,193
Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak, 109, 220 Berlin: antisemitism in, 51; Jewish population in 1920s and 1930s, 51; Schneerson studying in, 50-54, 64-65; Yosef Yitshak’s stop in during World War Π rescue, 73 Besht. See Ba’al Shem Tov Beth Rivkah school (Yerres, France), 174 birth control, 172 birthday campaign, 227 Bistritzky, Mordechai, 76 bittul(self-annihilation), 23, 24, 36,107, Π7 Black Hundreds, 11 Bloch, Ernst, 72-74 B’nai В’rith, 163 Bobover Hasidim, move from Crown Heights, 229 Bolshevik revolution (1917), 33-34 Book of Creation (kabbalistic text), 31 Book ofthe Zohar, 29,91,111,139, 238 Borah, William, 45 Brandeis, Louis, 45,72-73 Breslov Hasidic movement, 143 Brooklyn. See Crown Heights head quarters Brooklyn Navy Yard employment, 85-86 Brustein, Emmanuel, 35 Buber, Martin, 23, 51 Bush, George H. W, 167 Camp David peace accords (1978), 186, 196 Canaris, Wilhelm, 72 Carlebach, Hadassah (cousin to Chaya Mushka), 130 Carlebach, Shlomo, 96, 140, 143, 150 Carter, Jimmy, 134, 160,169 Catherine the Great, 12 Cato, Gavin and Angela, 232 Central Conference of American Rabbis (Reform Judaism), 16г, 169 Central Powers, 33-34 Chabad: acceptance of State of Israel, 184; Agudat Yisrael party’s affil iation with, 197; converted by Schneerson into outreach empire, 288
INDEX 138-44, 262; Divine immanence as teaching of, 20, 23-24; dynasties of, 8, 36,133, 211; growth under Schneerson’s leadership, 115, 200; ideological stagnation without current leadership, 260; internal disputes after Schneerson’s death, 258-59; leadership fights during Schneerson’s final year, 250; library’s transmission, 209—14; Lubavitch branch as dominant in, 38; ma'amar (rebbe’s formal talk), 95,97-99, 125; Messiah status of Schneerson and, 4-5, 219-2 3, 258-59; messianic preoccupation, continuation of, 262; Midrash Tanhuma cited by, 31; miracleworking and, 215; openness to all, 27; positive role of, 262; separation from other Jewish groups, 234; sihot (rebbe’s informal talk), 95,125-26; split (1866) into four courts, 37; in Ukraine and former Soviet Union (2017), 254, 256, 258; in United States, 76—77; vindication at times of persecution, 28, 32; Web pres ence of chabad.org, 206; women’s organizations and role in, 130, 173—7*5, 248-49; younger yeshiva students captivated by Schneerson, 85, 90-91, г 15; Shneur Zalman as founder of, 3, 20, 27-28. See also mitzvah campaigns; outreach of Chabad Chabad House on college campuses, 142 charismatic leaders, 132; Hasidic tsaddikim as examples of, 133; motivating power of, 223; routinization of charisma, 133; transfer of charisma after death, 260 charity donations, 138,146—47; “Dol lars” and “Sunday Dollars” as community rituals, 207; messianic significance of, 208; from non-Jews, 167 Christianity, 166; conservative Chris tians, Schneerson’s alignment with, 158,164,172 Christmas decorations and lighting of menorahs, 168-71
Cincinnati’s Fountain Square, 171 Clement VII (pope), 104 Cohen, Benjamin, 72-73 Cohen, Geulah, 181 Cold War, end of, 242 commandments ofTorah, 27, 50,102-3, 107,166, 216 Committee of Rabbis (Soviet Union), 39 5° communal gatherings. See farbrengens concentration camps, 65, 82-84. See also Holocaust conflicts with rest of American Jewish community, 161,169-71 conservative Christians, Schneerson’s alignment with, 158,164, 172 Constitution, U.S. See First Amendment Copernicus, 154 Cordovero, Moses, 22 counterculture of 1960s, 142 County ofAllegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union (1989), 170 court case over Yosef Yitshak's library’s ownership (1985-87), 212-15 creationism, 2, 29-31,102,153-54 Crown Heights headquarters (770): family members living at, 79, 89, 130, 210, 215; lawsuits over rights to, 259; neighborhood atmosphere in г 940s, 79, 2 30; neighborhood atmosphere in 1950s and 1960s, 135-36, 229; photo of, 7#; purchase of, 77-79; race riots (1991) and, 232-34; racial tensions of chang ing neighborhood, 229—32, 236; Schneerson in administrative role under Yosef Yitshak, 80,86; Schneer son moving into, for his last years, 227; Schneerson refusing to allow Lubavitchers to move from neigh borhood, 229-30; Schneerson’s hold on authority in, 181; Schneerson’s office and routine at, 116—17,129, 134; symbolic meaning of 770 build ing, 230—31. See also farbrengens·, yehidut Crusades, 103 cult of personality, 222-23, 2 3*5 Cunin, Shlomo (rabbi), 142 Daniel, book of, 100, 238 David (biblical king), and line of Mes siah, 101-2, 221, 239 289
INDEX Degel HaTorah party (Israel), 197, 236 Denikin, Anton, 34 Deuteronomy, 180 dignitaries and foreign leaders meeting with Schneerson, 120-21, 186 Dinkins, David, 233 disenfranchised, outreach to. See out reach of Chabad Divine concealment, 21, 24, 30-32,108 Divine immanence, 20-21, 23-24, 29-31,61,175 Divine presence. See Shekhinah Divine providence: America as instru ment of, 159; arrests, persecution, and release of rebbes as, 28,43-44; Israel’s defense of its sovereignty, 185, 191,195 Divine revelation, 21, 31, 108,128 Divine soul, 145,165 Divine transcendence, 22, 24, 97 Divine will and purpose, 21, 27, 31, 155, 240 Diyidishe heym (The Jewish Home; quarterly journal), 174 Dnepropetrovsk. See Ekaterinoslav Dnipro (Ukraine, formerly Ekaterino slav and Dnepropetrovsk), 261 “Dollars” and “Sunday Dollars” as com munity rituals, 207-8, 248-49 Dov Ber. See Maggid of Mezritsh Dribin, Isser Nissan, 16 Dubin, Mordekhai, 46, 71 Dubnow, Simon, 4, 19 Eban, Abba, 188 École spéciale des travaux publics, du bâtiment et de l’industrie (ESTE), 66-67 ecumenicism, 178 “Education Day U.S.A.,” 167 Edwards, Jonathan, 160 Egypt-Israel peace treaty (1979), 196 Eideisohn, Israel (Israel Bar-Yehuda), r7 35 Einstein, Albert, 155 Ekaterinoslav (later Dnepropetrovsk): Bolshevik revolution and, 34; his tory of, 12-13; Holocaust killing ofJews in, 84; home in, 15-16, 41-42, 261; Jews’ arrival, 13; occupations post—World War I, 34; renamed Dnepropetrovsk (1926), 41; Schneerson departing for Riga from, 47; Schneerson’s first home in, 13; Soviet occupation, 34; World War I and, 15-16; Levi
Yitshak as rabbi in, 12 El Al flight 426 (1968), 217 Eleazar of Worms, 238 Elijah (prophet), 8,105 Elimelekh of Lizhensk, 25 Enabling Act (Germany 1933), 65 end-times, 107-9, ш, 236, 139 Engel V. Vitale (1962), 163 engineering: employment as engineer, 85-86; Schneerson’s studies, 42, 53, 60-61,66-69 En So/(Without End), 22, 29, 230 Entebbe raid (1976), 191 Establishment Clause, 157, 163 Ethics of the Fathers, 126, 137 evil, Hasidic conception of, 30, 80, in evolution, theory of, 153-54 exile ofJews: creation of State of Israel and, 185-86; God’s presence re maining with Jews in, 231 Ezekiel’s vision, 22, 24,108 false messiah, 2, 3, 104-6 Falwell, Jerry, 164 farbrengens (communal gatherings): on anniversary of Yosef Yitshak’s release from Soviet exile (1958), 141 ; Chaya Mushka declining to attend, 129; hierarchy not imposed at, 134; ma'amar as part of, 125; photo of, 155; purpose and fre quency of, 123-24; recording and broadcasting of, 203, 206; led by Schneerson after arriving in US, 85; in Schneerson’s final years, 227-28; Schneerson’s mother attending, 129; Schneerson’s talk as centerpiece of, 125,128; sihot as part of, 125-26; toast to Schneerson as Messiah at (spring 1991), 248; women and, . *24 174 Feigin, Yechezkel, 54 Feinstein, Moshe (rabbi), 234 feminism, 172-73,176-77,178 Festinger, Leon: When Prophecy Fails (with Riecken and Schachter), no feuds between Hasidic courts, 133, 235 Fidonet, 206 290
INDEX First Amendment (separation of church and state), 157-58,161,163,169-72 First World War. See World War I Fishkoff, Sue, 117,136 France: attempts to rescue Lubavitchers in World War Π from, 79. See also Paris; other locations Frankl, Viktor, 122 Friedenthal, Aharon, 16 Friedrich Wilhelm University (Berlin), 52,63 Fukuyama, Francis, 242 gay rights, 172 Gaza, 189-90,196 Gelman, Pinhas (rabbi), 12,14, 36 gender: male vs. female power in Kab balah, 175; segregation by, 124, 150-51. See also women Genesis exegesis on Noahide laws, r66 gentiles: conversion of, 148, 165-66; Noahide laws, applicability of, 165-68. See also non-Jews Germany: antisemitism in, 51, 65; Jew ish enlightenment in, 58; Jewish population in, 51-52, 58; rise of Hitler, 65. See also Berlin Gershon, Avraham (rabbi of Kitev), 18—19 Gide, André, 67 Glaser, Joseph (rabbi), 169 Golan Heights, 190 Goldschmidt, Nachum, 14 golem legend, 221 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 241 Goren, Shlomo (Ashkenazi chief rabbi), 181 Gottlieb, Shalom (rabbi), 256-57, 261 Gourary, Barry (nephew; son of Chana and Shmaryahu), 88-90, 93,149; career of, 88-89, 2ю; estrangement from Schneerson and Chabad, 149, 210, 228; removing and selling books from Chabad library, 210-12; on Schneerson’s appearance in Berlin, 59, 64 Gourary, Chana (née Schneersohn; daughter of Yosef Yitshak), 63, 73, 130; death and burial (1991), 215; estrangement from Schneerson and Chabad after court case, 214-15; living at Crown Heights headquar ters, 210; rift with sister Chaya Mushka and Chabad following 1987 court case, 214, 228; testify ing at trial over library’s
owner ship (1985), 211, 212, 214; wife of Shmaryahu, 40 Gourary, Shmaryahu (son-in-law of Yosef Yitshak), 40,45-46, 55, 63, 78; acceptance of Schneerson as leader, 149; Chabad members favoring him over Schneerson, 149; death (1989), 214; fundraising for yeshiva net work, 86; living at Crown Heights headquarters, 210; as possible suc cessor to Yosef Yitshak, 88-90, 93; taking Schneerson’s side in 1987 court case, 214; World War II and, 71 Graham, Bill, 169 Greenberg, Yossi, 136 Greig, Aleksey, 6 Gulf War (1991), 240 Ha’am, Ahad, 13 Hadar HaTorah, 143 Hakeri’ah VeHaKedusha (Reading and Holiness; monthly journal), 80,83 Halberstam, Shlomo (Bobover rebbe), 229 ha-Levi, Abraham ben Eliezer, 239 ha-Levi, Aharon, 32, 36 Halevi, Judah, 3; The Kuzari, 165 Halevi, Nathan Benjamin. See Nathan of Gaza Halsman, Philippe, 67 Hanukkah menorah lighting, 168-71, 206 Harriman, W. Averell, 120 Ha-Shiloah (Hebrew literary journal), 13 Hasidei Ashkenaz, 22 Hasidic courts: dynasties of, 8, 36, 133, 211; feuds between, 133; material ism of, 133 Hasidic legends and literature: early years of the righteous leaders told in, 8; miraculous deeds of tsaddikim told in, 26; Sabbatianism and, 107; taught at Tomkhei Temimim, 38 Hasidism, 2; anti-Hasidic tract and excommunication decrees brought against (1772), 28; compared to old 291
INDEX Hasidism (continued) mysticism, 22; disciples of Ba’al Shem Tov spreading, 19—20; evil, concept of, 30, 80, in; God’s accessibility in, 22-23; inter-Jewish organizational relations among, 235-37; Jews as essential to God’s revelation, 21; Maimonides in con flict with, 110-11; miracles and, 215; Mitnaggdim vs., 27-30; out ward spread of, 138-44; scientific advances paralleling, 155; tsaddik (rebbe) doctrine of, 24-25 Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment move ment), 12, 37, 38, 133 Hatzalah (Jewish volunteer emergency service), 232, 249 HeHasid, Judah, 238 Hekhalot literature, 22 heresy, 2, 28,182,183,192, 236 Heschel, Abraham Joshua, 51 Hildesheimer, Meir (rabbi), 45 Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary (Berlin), 52, 63-65 Hindenberg, Paul von, 65 Hineni organization, 143 Hitler, Adolf, 65, 70, 73 Hodakov, Chaim Mordechai Aizik, 90, 179,250 Holocaust, 70, 76, 80-84, 136,137,183; survivors, 76, 83,135, 184 Holy Ari. See Luria, Isaac Holy Name Society of Pittsburgh, 170 Horensztajn, Mendel (husband of Sheyna), 67, 84 Horensztajn, Moshe (uncle to Yosef Yitshak), 55 Horensztajn, Sheyna (sister to Chaya Mushka), 67, 84 Horowitz, Aharon ha-Levi, 36 Horowitz, Levi Yitzchak (Bostoner Rebbe), 143 Hotel Max (Paris), 66-67 Hryhoriv, Nykyfor, 34 Hussein (king ofJordan), 188 Hussein, Saddam, 240, 241 Hutner, Yitzchak, 51 inter-Jewish organizational relations, 235-37 International Campaign to Bring Moshiach, 251 Isaiah’s prophecy, 20, 108, 155, 242, 25°-5! Israel: Chabad in, 143, 184; Divine providence’s role in sovereignty of, 185; emigration to, Schneerson opposed to, 185; emigration to,
after Six-Day War, 190-91; Gulf War (1991) and, 240-41; indepen dence of, 183; Law of Return, 193-94, 197; metaphysical quality of holiness of, 181; Orthodox reaction to creation of state, 183; religious Zionists on claim to Land of Israel, 195; Schneerson and, 2, 153, 159, 180,184; Schneerson on Israeli radio prior to Six-Day War, 188-89; Schneerson’s authority likely to be diminished by move to, 181; Schneerson’s commitment to Jewish claim to land of, 195; Schneerson’s hardline foreign pol icy on, 195, 198; Schneerson’s in fluence in, 181,186,196,198-99; Schneerson’s refusal to call by name “Israel” or “State of Israel,” 184; Schneerson’s refusal to visit, 180-81,198-99; Schneerson’s sup port for settlements and retention of territories, 195,198; Shach’s condemnation of secular Jews in, 236; Six-Day War (1967), 146, 187-88, 204, 217; “Who is a Jew?” question in, 193,197; Yom Kippur War (1973), 191 Israeli military, Schneerson’s praise of, 191-92 Israel of Ruzhin, 133 Jacob (patriarch), 84-85, 91,141 Jacobs, Louis, 212 Jacobson, Israel (rabbi), 54, 72, 90 Jaffe, Zalmon, 121 Jakobovits, Immanuel (British chief rabbi), 195 Jerusalem, 189-90 Jewish Federation funding, 162 Jewish identity, definition of, 193-94. See also Law of Return Jewish pride, 171-72,190 Jewish Renewal movement, 151 Jewish revolt against Rome (132 CE), 103 292
INDEX John II (king of Portugal), 104 John Scottus Eriugena, 2 2 Joint Distribution Committee (U.S. based), 36, 39, 50 Joseph in Egypt, 62, 84-85 Joshua, book of, 191 Judaism: as all-inclusive, 152-53,179; Divine soul ofJews vs. animalistic soul of non-Jews, 165; Schneer son on America as religious; 158; Schneerson’s denigration of liberal movements of, 192 Jungreis, Esther, 143 Kabbalah, 21-22; on coming of Mes siah, 238; cosmology and, 29, 31; Lurianic Kabbalah, 106-7; Maimonides vs., 110; on male vs. female power, 175; Schneerson’s knowl edge of, 2; Schneerson’s theosophy vs., 128; secret wisdom revealed prior to redemption, 112; Levi Yitshak studying, 10. See also tikkun Kahn, Yoel, 90-91, 94 Katzenellenbogen, David Tevel, 45 Kazakhstan exile of parents Chana and Levi Yitshak, 83-84 Kehot (Karney Hod Torah, Chabad’s publishing house), 86, 256 Kennedy, Robert, 120 Kfar Chabad (Lubavitcher village in Israel), 184 Kherson, Russia, 7 Khmelnytsky massacres (seventeenth century), it, 106 King Messiah, use of term, 222, 245-46, 248-49,251 Knesset, 183,197 Koch, Ed, 236 Kook, Abraham Isaac (rabbi), 45, 182—83, 2?6 Kramer, Sam, 72 Krinsky, Yehuda, 91,116, 221-22, 226, 232-33,237, 249,250 Kristallnacht pogrom (1938), 70 Ku Klux Klan, 171 Lagovier, Levi and Ruchama, 76 Landau, Yaakov (chief rabbi of B’nei Brak), 92 Latvia: attempts to rescue Lubavitchers in World War II from, 79; denial of passports to Schneerson and Chaya Mushka, 69; emigration to, 46-47; Hodakov-led crackdown on secular Jewish schools in, 179; Jewish prac tice in, 49-50; as liberal democracy, 49; Schneerson
leaving for Berlin, 50; Schneerson’s move to, 46-48, 50; as World War П refuge for Jews, 71; Yosef Yitshak leaving for War saw, 67; Yosef Yitshak modeling American organizations after Lat vian ones, 86, 173; Yosef Yitshak reaching Riga during World War II rescue, 73-74; Yosef Yitshak’s move to and six-year stay in, 46-47,49 Lautenberg, Frank, 120 Lavut, Avraham David (rabbi; maternal great-grandfather), 7-8 Law of Return (Israel), 193-94, *97 Leibel. See Schneerson, Yisrael Aryeh Leib Lenin, Vladimir, 10 Leningrad: Lubavitcher court in, 40, 62; Schneerson studying at university in, 42, 62; YosefYitshak’s arrest, imprisonment, and release in, 44-46; Yosef Yitshak’s departure for Riga from, 47; Yosef Yitshak sent into exile in Kostroma from, 45-46 Lieberman, Chaim, 44, 211, 212 Lifsh, Yosef, 232 Lindsey, John, 120 Loew Ben Bezalel, Judah (rabbi of Prague), 221 Lotz, Mania, 130 loving other Jews, 138,146-47 Lubavitch court (Lubavitchers), 36-37. See also individual rebbes in dynasty Luria, Isaac (Holy Ari), 29, 102,103, 109, 239; Lurianic Kabbalah, 106—7 ma'amar (formal discourse by rebbe), 95-97-99- I25 U9 Maccabees, 168 Machne Israel (Camp of Israel), 80, 86, 140,173 Maggid ofMezritsh, 20, 24, 28,92,133 Magid, Shaul, 172 Maimon, Salomon, 133 29З
INDEX Maimonides: contradictory thinking of, 11O-I i; on Messiah and messianic age, 101-2, no, 221, 238, 239, 246, 248; Mishneh Torah, 138-39; on Noahide laws, 166; scientific think ing and, 153 Makhno, Nestor, 34 Malakhovka, Soviet Union, where Yosef Yitshak stayed in after release from exile, 46 Marseille, where Schneerson and Chaya Mushka were granted visas by U.S. consulate, 75 Marx, Alexander, 213 Marxism, 35 Master of the Good Name. See Ba’al Shem Tov McCollum v. Board ofEducation (1948), 161 media use, 202-6, 235 menorah lighting, 168-71, 206 Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch (The Center for Education), 86, 140, 161, 211 Messiah and messianism: American freedoms and democracy as har bingers of, 160, 178; charity and, 208; claims made of being the Messiah, 103-6; in David’s line, 101-2, 221, 239; Shalom DovBer on messianic advent, 109, 136-37, 239; each generation’s individual with qualifications to be, 221-22; end-times leading to coming of, 107-9, in, 136,139; Hasidism and, 107,136, 236-37; Hasidism’s out ward spread and, 138-44, 155; “King Messiah” phrase applied to Schneerson, 222, 245-46, 248-49, 251; locus of arrival likely to be Crown Heights headquarters, 231; Maimonides on, 101-2,110,221, 238, 239, 246, 248; Menahem reputed to be name of, 221; mes sianic age, 101-2, 109,182; omens of advent, 240-42; preconditions of coming of, 101,137—38, 243; pre dictions of, 18,83,100, 237-39; prophetic disappointment, response to, no, 236, 239; as real human being, 113; as responsibility of every Jew, 138, 141; Schneerson consid ered to be, 4-5, 219-23, 245-48, 258-59;
Schneerson referring to Yosef Yitshak as, 99, 220; Schneerson’s preoccupation with, 2-3, 75-76, 109-10, 128,137,148, 226, 236, 237, 239-40, 247; scientific and technological developments as parallels to, 155; seven generations prior to messianic age, 97-98, 221, 225, 230, 237; Shabbetai Tsvi as false messiah, 104-6; Shach’s oppo sition to, 197; tsaddik’s power to bring, 25; YosefYitshak’s expectancy of Messiah, 80, 83,109-10,137,138, 140, 239, 243; Zionism and, 182—84 Michelsohn, Tsvi Yehezkel (rabbi), 57 Midrash: “all sevenths are beloved,” 97-98; on redemption, 32,103; on Shekhinah, g^ Midrash Tanhuma, 31 Miles-Yépez, Netanel, 75 Milgram, Regina (wife of Leibel), 64 Miller, Henry, 67 miracles: Maccabee menorah and, 168; messianic age characterized by, 101, no; performed by rebbes and tsaddikim, 8,9,19, 25—26,133, 201, 215-19; phony, 192; release of Yosef Yitshak from exile, 46; Schneerson’s miraculous deeds, 215-19 Mitnaggdim, 27-30, 35, 165,197 mitzvah campaigns, 144, 146,148, 176, 189, 221, 234 Mizrahi, Eliezer, 198 modernity, Hasidic interactions with, 2, 40, 59, 61-62 The Moment (Yiddish newspaper), 56—57 Montefiore Cemetery (Queens), visits to, 117 Moses (patriarch): as leader of seventh generation and analogous to Schneerson as the seventh rebbe, 97-98, 221, 230, 237; Schneerson comparing Yosef Yitshak to, 220-21 Mykolaiv (Ukraine, formerly Nikolaev, Russia): author’s visit to (2017), 253-61; Chabad center in, 256-58; Old Synagogue, 253-54; Schneer son monument and remembrance in, 255-56, 257 mysticism: Ba’al Shem Tov and, 19; God’s transcendence and, 22;
Schneerson and, 2 294
INDEX Nahman of Bratslav (rebbe), 108, 143, 166 Napoleon, 28, 36, 107-8 nasi (prince), term referring to Yosef Yitshak, 219-20, 231 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 187-88 Nathan of Gaza (Nathan Benjamin Halevi), 104-5,Ι0 5 National Community Relations Ad visory Council, 161 National Jewish Community Relations Council, 163 nativity scenes and creches, 169-71 Nazis (National Socialist German Workers’ Party), 65, 70, 80, 82, 158 Nemtzov, Avrohom Sender, 95, 97-98 Nernst, Walter, 53 Neshek (“Nerot Shabbat Kodesh,” or candles of the Holy Sabbath), 146 Nevel rabbinical institute, 39, 50 New York City: public school Released Time program, Chabad classes for, 140,161-62; Yosef Yitshak's choice of, 77. See also Crown Heights headquarters Nicholas II (tsar), 11,33 Nikolaev, Russia (later Mykolaiv): early history of, 6-7; Jews’ arrival, 7; Jews’ expulsion (1829), 7; Nazi killings in, 84; Old Synagogue, 253-54; θ^ Synagogue/Shoemaker’s Syna gogue, 7-8, 261; pogroms (1881, 1899, and 1905), 11; revolutionary era in, 10-11; Soviet exile ofJews from, 84 Nimoytin, Rafael, 42 Nimoytin, Shmuel, 42 Noahide laws, 165-68 non-Jews: Chabad’s outreach and, 235; charity donations from, 167; Divine soul ofJews vs. animalistic soul of non-Jews, 165; Israel allowing to be Jewish, 194; proselytizing of, 165-68 N’shei. See Agudat N’shei u’Banot Chabad Odesa/Odessa (Ukrainian/Russian name), 6-7 OGPU (Soviet secret police), 43-44,46 Ohr Avner Foundation, 258 Ohr Somayach, 143 Orthodox Judaism: ban on collaborating with liberal Judaic movements, 192; revival of, 143-45, J92» 234 2^2 Ottoman Empire, 6, 28 Otwock,
Poland, Yosef Yitshak’s home and court in, 67, 71, 84 outreach of Chabad, 2, 138-44; consis tency of Schneerson’s approach, 178; growth after Schneerson’s death, 259-60; as messianic accom plishment, 221, 243; mitzvahs, value of performing, 144,148; other Hasidic groups opposed to, 235-36; as priority over democratic values, 178-79; proselytizing by younger members, 148; proselytizing of non-Jews, 165-68; reaching non Orthodox Jews, 144; refusal to countenance ecumenicism, 178; self-sufficiency of centers estab lished by, 147; self-sufficiency of new Chabad centers, 147; social services as part of, 144-45; to So viet Union, 241; ufaratsto (“and you shall break out”) as slogan for, 141, 230; welcoming and compassionate nature of, 145; women’s role, 176, 177,178 Ovadia of Bartenura (rabbi), 220-21 Pale of Settlement, 12-13 Palestine, Jewish settlement in, 234 Palestinians, 190, 195-96, 198 Paris: Chabad synagogue offering Schneerson rabbi position, 68; Jewish population in, 66; Schneer son and Chaya Mushka living in, at start of World War II, 69, 75; Schneerson reuniting with his mother in (1947), 84, 261; Schneer son’s studies in, 58,66-70 parochial schools, 162 Pascal’s Law, 60-61 passports. See visas and passports patriarchal power structures, 173, 177-78 Pell, Robert T., 72-73 Penn, Ascher, 143, 159, 185 Peres, Shimon, 134, 186,197-98 Peshkova, Yekaterina, 45 Petrob, Bidoy (Leibel Schneerson’s pen name), 35 295
INDEX pidyim hanefesh (redemption of the soul), 25 Pinochet, Augusto, 179 Plato: The Republic, 93 Poddobryanka, Russia, 8 Poland: attempts to rescue Lubavitchers in World War Π from, 79. See also Warsaw political and social issues, 156-79; abortion, 172; birth control, 172; democracy vis-à-vis theocracy, 179, 186; feminism, 172-73,176-77, 178; gay rights, 172; gun control, 156; human rights, 160,178; idio syncratic positions, 156; incarcera tion system, 157; nonpartisanship, 156, 196-97; politicians seeking out Schneerson, 120-21,159; Schneerson’s lobbyist in Washing ton, 160; school prayer, 163-64; separation of church and state, 157-58, 161,163,169-72; social welfare policies, 157; solar energy, 156; U.S. exceptionalism, 157 Porush, Menachem, 196 Potemkin, Grigory (prince), 6,12 Potok, Chaim, 121 prayer in schools. See public schools President Street home (Brooklyn), 129 proselytizing by Hasidim/Chabad, 148, 165-67 public schools: government aid to parochial schools, 162; moment of silence, 147,164-65; nondenominational school prayer favored by Schneerson, 163-64; Released Time program, 140,161-62; school prayer, 163,168 Pulkovo Observatory (Leningrad), 42,62 Purim, 32,176 quantum physics, 155,156 Ra’aya Meheimna (Faithful Shepherd), 103 rabbinical courts, role of, 226 Rabin, Yitzhak, 121,186 Rabinowitz, Arthur, 73 Rader, Bentzion, 122 radio addresses, 204 Rafalovich, Sender, 7 Rapoport-Albert, Ada, 177 Rashi, 126, 238 Reagan, Ronald, 157, 167 rebbe. See tsaddik rebuilding the temple, 101,184-85, 242 redemption: American freedoms and democracy as harbingers of, 160,
178; charity and, 208; in contempo rary Chabad thinking, 262; female Shekhinah's re-emergence in, 175-76; full religious observance as prerequisite, 95, 111,139,141; Hasidism and, 25,107; Holocaust’s effect, 76; human acts to hasten, 101,182; Israel’s founding and, 185—86; Maimonides on, 238; religious Zionists and, 195; “repen tance immediately, redemption immediately” slogan, 80-83, 109, 140; Schneerson’s commitment to, 2-3, 111-13, 136-39,151, 247; Shabbetai Tsvi announcing, 104-5; study of, 138; timing of, too, 238-39, 248; West Bank settlements and, 195; Yosef Yitshak on, 80-81. See also Messiah and messianism Reform Judaism, 192 Refugee Relief and Rehabilitation Organization, 184 relativity, theory of, 154,155-56 Released Time program, 140,161-62 religious freedom in the United States, 157-58 repentance: ba'al teshuva (repentance movement), 143-44; Chabad out reach and, 148; communal, 87; Shalom Dov Ber (fifth Lubavitcher rebbe) calling for, 109; Nathan of Gaza calling for, 104-5; “repentance immediately, redemption immedi ately” slogan, 80-83, IO9 4°; Schneerson calling for, 139—40, 243; Talmud on, 139, 239 Republican Party, 156 resurrection of the dead, 111,220 return of dispersed tribes of Israel, 101. See also Law of Return Reubeni, David, 104 revival of Orthodox Judaism, 143—45, 192, 234, 262 Rhoade, Max, 72, 74 Riecken, Henry: When Prophecy Fails (with Festinger and Schachter), no 296
INDEX Riga. See Latvia Rivkin, Necha, 130 Rogatchover Gaon, 16, 53, 59, 62,126, 166-67 roleofrebbe, 115-16,123, 128-29; answering correspondence, 118-19, 202, 227; farbrengen talks, 125, 128; meetings with followers (yehidzit), 119-20; meetings with nonLubavitchers, 120-22 Roman Catholic Church, 162 Rosen, Yosef (rabbi). See Rogatchover Gaon Rosenbaum, Yankel, 2 3 2-3 3 Rosenzweig, Franz, 3 Rostov, Soviet Union: Lubavitcher court’s move to, 38,42; Yosef Yitshak expelled from and his move to Leningrad, 40; Yosef Yitshak's return to, prior to leaving Soviet Union, 47 Rudoff, Sheldon, 171 Russia. See tsarist Russia Russo-Turkish War (1789), 6 Saadia Gaon (Vilna Gaon), 22, 30 Sabbath candle lighting, 146 Sabbatianism, 28,106-7 Sacks, Jonathan (rabbi), 127 Sadat, Anwar, 196 Sam, Heron, 233 Satmar Hasidim: animosity with Lubavitchers, 235; prayers for Israel during Six-Day War, 192; Schneerson’s relations with, 235; Williamsburg as stronghold of, 235; on Zionism and creation of State of Israel, 183 Schachter, Stanley: When Prophecy Fails (with Festinger and Riecken), no Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman, 75,140, T5r Schenierer, Sarah, 173 Schneersohn, Barukh Shalom (son of Tsemah Tsedek), 37 Schneersohn, Dov Ber (second Luba vitcher rebbe): death (1827), 37; as leader of Chabad, 37; on proselytiz ing non-Jews, 165; in succession contest with his father, 36 Schneersohn, Edmea (first cousin to YosefYitshak), 66 Schneersohn, Isaac (distant cousin), 66 Schneersohn, Menahem Mendel (third Lubavitch rebbe): death (1866), 37; on exile’s continuation, 108; known as Tsemah Tsedek (Sprout of
Righteousness), 37, 60, 90, 108, 181; Pkhatkhile ariber motto of, 148; opposed to emigration of Hasidim to Palestine, 181, 185; paintings of, 205; succeeding Dov Ber as Chabad leader, 37 Schneersohn, Nehama Dina (motherin-law; spouse ofYosef Yitshak Schneersohn), 40, 53, 63, 89, 130, 149, 210 Schneersohn, Schneour Zalman (first cousin of Levi Yitshak), 66 Schneersohn, Shalom Dov Ber (fifth Lubavitcher rebbe): anti-Zionist, 182, 184; Chabad theology and, 37; communal gatherings (farbrengens) held by, 123; as court leader, 37; death (1920), 38; helping Levi Yitshak gain Ekaterinoslav position, 12; long tenure of, 38; Lubavitcher yeshiva started by, 38; as “Mai monides of Hasidism,” 37; match of Schneerson to Chaya Mushka proposed by, 40; on messianic advent, 109,136—37, 239; opposed to Agudath Israel, 234; outward spread of Chabad, 140; reluctance in assuming rebbe position, 90-94; Schneerson compared to, 114; Schneerson referring to, 219; song from, 98; war and military metaphors used by, 146; writing instructions to Chana (Schneerson’s mother), 9 Schneersohn, Shmuel (fourth Luba vitcher rebbe), 37, 86, 91, 215 Schneersohn, Shterna Sarah (mother of YosefYitshak), 55, 73 Schneersohn, YosefYitshak (sixth Lubavitcher rebbe), 38-47; as administrator for his father, 38; on America as “not different,” 77,160; anniversary of death of, 94-95, 203; anniversary of release from exile, 44,62, 14г; anti-Zionist, 184; appearance and personality of, 39; arrest and imprisonment of, 44-45; 297
INDEX Schneersohn, Yosef Yitshak (continued) birth (1880), 8; bonds of affection with Schneerson, 41,41, 47, 59-60, 62; Crown Heights residence and base of operations, 78-79, 78; death (1950), 87, 88; determined to re main in Soviet Union, 39; dreams and visions of predecessor rebbes, 215; exile to Kostroma and release, 45-46; frustration with Schneerson, 59; fur hat (shtrayml) not given to Schneerson, 149; grave visits by Schneerson to, 2, 94, 117, 134,181, 212, 216, 249; Hasidim drafting him for position of rebbe, 91-92; library of, 45, 60, 63, 71, 209-13; in Malakhovka after release from exile, 46; messianic expectancy of, 80, 109-10, 137,138,140, 237, 239, 243; move to Riga, Latvia, 46-47, 49; nasi (prince), term used by Schneerson to refer to, 219-20, 231; outward spread of Chabad, 140; Palestine and U.S. fundraising trip (1929), 63, 72; personality of, 149; photo of, 41, 205; public school Released Time program and, Г40, 161-62; rescue from Warsaw in World War П, 72-73; Schneerson insisting that Yosef Yitshak remained Chabad leader even after his death, 91, 95, 219, 226, 258; Schneerson leaning on legacy of, 149; Schneer son proclaiming him as Messiah, 99, 220; Schneerson proclaiming him as prophet, 246; Schneerson visiting court of future father-inlaw, 40-41; Soviet surveillance of, 43-44; succession issues, 88-93; wedding of Schneerson to Chaya Mushka, 53-58; women’s study groups and religious education permitted by, 173-74; working without vacations for low wages, 117-18; World Warll and, 71-73; Yevsektsiya denounced by, 43, 50; on Zionism, 184 Schneerson, Chana
(mother; née Yan ovsky): accompanying Schneerson to Riga, 47; anti-Zionist, 35; birth of Schneerson, 8, 9; daily visit with Schneerson, 117, 129; death (1964), 234; description of, 13; emigra tion to New York and living near Schneerson for rest of her life, 85; escape from Soviet Union, 84; exile to Kazakhstan and death of hus band, 83-84; marriage of, 8,10; presence in Brooklyn Chabad community, 130; reuniting with Schneerson in Paris (1947), 84, 261; on Schneerson’s bar mitzvah, 15; on Schneerson’s illness (1922), 35 Schneerson, Chaya Mushka (spouse; daughter of Yosef Yitshak): accom panying father in Kostroma exile, 46; birth (1901), 40; Chabad role of, 129-3 г ; daily tea with Schneerson, 117, 129; death (1988) of, 224; essential aide to her father, 44; family background and education of, 40; father offering advice to, 59; funeral and condolence calls, 225, 234; negotiation of match with, 42; personal and social life of, 129-30; photo of, 55, 56; rift with sister Chana following 1987 court case, 214; Schneerson’s heart attack (1977) and, 20г; Schneerson’s reaction to her death, 225-27; secular educa tion of, 63,130; as sounding board and peer of Schneerson, 131, 224-25, 228; testifying at trial over library's ownership (1985), 212; visas and passports to leave Europe and reach America, 69-70, 74, 75, 76; wedding to Schneerson, 53-58,56 Schneerson, Dalia (niece; daughter of Leibel), 84, 228 Schneerson, Dov Ber (brother, Berel), 10, 14, 35,42, 69, 84 Schneerson, Gitl (née Yanofsky), 14 Schneerson, Levi Yitshak (father): correspondence with Schneerson, 47-48, 53,
55,64; death (1944), 84, 217; description of, 13-14; as Ekaterinoslav rabbi, 12; marriage to Chana, 8,10; rabbinical ordina tions of, 11; sentenced to exile in Kazakhstan, 83; under Soviet rule, 35-36; Zohar writings used by Schneerson for series of talks (1970), 126 298
INDEX Schneerson, Menachem Mendel (sev enth Lubavitcher rebbe): adminis trative roles under Yosef Yitshak, 80, 86; anti-Zionist, 2,184, 198; appearance and style of dressing, 2, 10,14,47, 56, 59,64, 94; astronomy as interest of, 14,16,42,152, 154; austere lifestyle of, 117; aversion to communal responsibilities, 92, 114; aversion to public spectacle, 54, 59,114; aversion to social events, 117; aversion to travel, 2, 180-81, 198-99, 228; bar mitzvah of, 15; birth (1902), 8, 9, 255-56, 257; birthday designated as “Educa tion Day U.S.A.," 167; birthplace, author’s visit to (2017), 255-56; Brooklyn Navy Yard employment, 85-86; charisma of, 3, 115,121, 134“3 7 218; Chaya Mushka's death, effect of, 225-27; childhood of, 10-11,12,14; as consistent thinker, 127-28,156, 178,179, 237; contrast between first and second halves of his life, 114-16; criticism of, 5, 148-50,178-79, 223, 234-37; death and burial (1994), 251-52, 259; death threats against, 235-36; in direct line ofTsemah Tsedek, 90; dream visitations and paranormal powers, 216; education of, 1, 14, 16, 17,42, 52-53, 58, 62-63, 7°S extraordinary powers and perfor mance of miracles, 215-19; health issues in old age, 225; heart attack, 200-201; influence of, 4,115, 122, 181,186, 202, 208; intelligence and insight of, 4, 52, 120, 134; interJewish organizational relations, 234-37; lack of children and suc cessor planning, 128, 225, 260; language abilities, 17, 42,120; leadership style of, 149-51,178, 218; legacy of him as iconic figure, 2, 204-5, 2O5 2°6, 218-19; marriage of, 40,131; married life of, 129, 227; messianic
status attributed to, 4-5, 219-23, 245-48, 258-59; move to Berlin, 50-51; move to Riga with Yosef Yitshak, 46-47, 50; New York City arrival, 76, 79; personality and character of, 16, 90-91, 115-16,134-35; photos of, ii, 9, 10,41, 55,96, 125, 155, 1^7, 205, 244; pietistic practices of, 64, 114; as polarizing figure, 4-5, i78-79 i92~94- 234-37; preparing for his death, 225-28; rabbinical ordinations of, 42, 52; reduction in workload, 201-2; religious scholar ship of, 2, 60-61; revival of Ortho dox Judaism, prominent role in, 143-45, 2 34; in Soviet Union, 42, 46-47,62; stroke, paralysis, and failing health prior to death, 249-51; university study, 42, 52-53, 58, 62, 63; visas and passports to leave Europe and reach America, 69-70, 74, 75, 76; war and military meta phors used by, 146—47,149; wed ding to Chaya Mushka, ii, 53-58; will of, 226, 250; Yosef Yitshak’s gravesite visits by, 2,94,117, 134, 181, 212, 216, 249. See also becom ing the rebbe; Messiah and mes sianism; role of rebbe; science, as an area of Schneerson’s interest —teachings, writings, and talks by: broadcasting, 203-4; children’s magazine edited by, 87; Ethics of the Fathers lecture, 126,137; Hayom Yom (Today Is), 86,114; “infamous sermon” (April 11,1991), 244-45; letters by, 86-87, ш, 118-19, 227; ma’amar (rebbe’s formal talk), 97-99, 125,139; Passover Haggadah, 86; sihot (informal talk by rebbe), 95, 125—26; transcription and publish ing of talks, 126-28, 203, 227; “A Treatise on the Essence of Hasidism,” 112 Schneerson, Shmuel (uncle), 14,42 Schneerson, Yisrael Aryeh Leib (brother; Leibel):
appearance of, 64; in Berlin after escape from Soviet Union, 63-64; Bidoy Petrob as pen name of, 35; birth (1906), 10; in Lenin grad, 42; in London, 84; in Pales tine, 64, 84; personality of, 14; Schneerson’s relationship with, 115; Trotskyism and socialism of, 35,62; Zionism and, 35,62 Scholem, Gershom, 106, 107,136 school-related issues. See public schools 299
INDEX Schrödinger, Erwin, 53 science, as an area of Schneerson’s interest, 1,14,16-17,42 52~53, 60-63, i22~23 152-53; astronomy, 14, 16,42,152, 154; doubting scien tific conclusions, 154-56; Talmud and Torah interpretation and, 61, 152-53; two-sided approach to scientific ideas, 178 Second World War. See World War Π secularization of society, 2, 35, 38, 60-62,82,146; Chabad’s outreach to secular Jews, 235; discouraging pursuit of higher education and limiting career options, 150; harm ful to American society, Г58; school children’s religious education, neglect of, 162-65; Shach's con demnation of, 236; United States founded as religious country, 158. See also modernity, Hasidic inter actions with sefirot (attributes of God through which He would become manifest), 20, 22, 29, 31,102 separation of church and state, 157-58, 161, 163, 169-72 Seven Noahide Laws, 165-68 seventh generation of Chabad, with special role in messianic age, 97-98, 221, 225, 230, 237 Shach, Elazar Menachem Man, 82, 197, 199, 236 Shalit V. Minister ofInterior (1970), I93_94 Shamir, Yitzhak, 198 Shandler, Jeffrey, 206 Shapiro, Edward, 232 Sharon, Ariel, 181,186, 217 Shas party (Israel), 197 Shazar, Zalman, 184, 186, 187 Shekhinah (Divine presence), 96-98, 109,175,185, 231 Shemtov, Avraham, 169, 179 Shenker, Israel, 113,124 Shlonsky cousins of Chana Schneerson, *3 35 Shmotkin, Zalman, 72 Shneur Zalman (first Lubavitcher rebbe), 8; agreeing to become leader, 92-93; arrests and perse cution (1798 and 1800), 28,43; Avraham of Kalisk vs., 27; Chabad founded by, 20; on charity’s impor tance, 208;
creation’s purpose and, 31; death (1812), 36; Divine imman ence and, 23-24; on Divine revela tion, 108-9; on Divine soul ofJews vs. animalistic soul of non-Jews, 165; evil and, 30-31; on loving one’s fellow as oneself, i45;Maimonides and, no; miracles and, 215; Mitnaggdim vs., 27-30; paintings of, 205; picture of, 21; predicting Messiah’s coming, 239; publishing his teachings, 203; on redemption, 108; Schneerson using teachings of, I n; secular learning and, 60; succession contest after death of, 36; Tanya {LikkuteiAmarim, Col lected Sayings), 26, 28,60,138, 145, 155,174, 208-9, 227; Torah commentary written at age eight by, 8; tsaddik concept of, 26,133; on tsaddik’s continued life, 91-92; tsimtsum and, 30; on women’s edu cation, 174 Sifton, Charles P., 2 1 2 sihot (informal talk by rebbe), 95, 125-26 Simhat Torah, 47, 94,125 Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 124-25 Six-Day War (1967), 146, 187-88, 204, 217 Skoropadskyi, Pavlo, 34 socialism, 35, 37, 62,157 social issues. See political and social issues solar system, 2,154 Soloveitchik, Joseph B., 51,63,114 Song of Songs, 96 Soviet Union: atheism of, 158; backing Egypt in Six-Day War, 187; Chabad persecution, 50; collapse (1991), 240, 241; confiscation ofYosef Yitshak’s library (1925), 210; emi gration ofJews from former Soviet Union, 242, 256; emigration to Israel upon its founding, 197; es tablishment of, 34; Jewish identity reawakened by Six-Day War, 190; religious antipathy of, 35, 39; treat ment ofJews, 35; Yosef Yitshak urging followers not to leave, 39, 300
INDEX 181. See also specific cities and villages where Lubavitchers settled Spanish and Portuguese expulsion of Jews, 239 spontaneous generation, theory of, 154 Stalin, Joseph, 42 Star of David, 43 Stein, Gertrude, 67 Steinsaltz, Adin, 121,134-35, 2I7, 25° Stern, Marc, 171 Straits ofTiran, 188-89 Sunday Dollars. See “Dollars” and “Sunday Dollars” as community rituals Swados, Harvey, 116, 122 Synagogue Council of America, 161, 163 Talmud: infallibility of, 153-55; Pro~ hibition on forcing end-times, 136, 182; on relocation of sanctuaries to Land of Israel in messianic age, 231; on righteous person’s continued life, 91; Rogatchover Gaon’s study method, 16,126; Schneerson’s knowledge and study, 2, 60,127; on timing of Messiah’s coming, 237-39; Levi Yitshak studying, 10 Tanya (LikkuteiAmarim, Collected Sayings), 26, 28,60, 138, 145, 155, 174, 208-9, 227 tefillin, 64, 80; tefillin campaign, 141, 146,147,176,189, 191,2 3 5 Teitelbaum, Yoel, 183, 192, 235 television, 206 Telushkin, Joseph (rabbi), 117 theocracy. See political and social issues theodicy, 80, 83 theosophy: kabbalistic, 20,128; of Schneerson, 128 tikkun (repair of world doctrine), 102-3, no Tikkunei Zohar, 20 Tomkhei Temimim (Supporters of the Complete Ones, first Lubavitcher yeshiva), 38,89,173-74 Torah: as all-inclusive, 152-53,179; distinguishing between good/evil and holy/profane, 30; infallibility of, 153-55; relevant and accessible to all people, 22, 166; Schneerson on consistency of, 127; science and, 61,152-53; Shneur Zalman’s commentary written at age eight, 8; Schneur Zalman’s teachings on, 2 7, 30-31. See
also commandments of Torah Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 33-34 Tree of Life, 103 trial and appeal over library’s ownership (1985-87), 212-15 Trotskyism, 35 tsaddik (rebbe), 24-25; accused of fraud and charlatanism, 133; Chabad’s veneration of, 236; channeling the Divine, 95,132-33,135; as charis matic leaders, 133; continued life of, after death, 91; multiple heirs of, 37; Schneerson as paradigm of contemporary tsaddik, 133; Schneer son denying his status as, 222 tsarist Russia: abdication of Nicholas II, 33; revolutionary era in, 10-11, 33; strikes in, 10, 33 tsimtsum (kabbalistic doctrine), 29-31, 102 Tsvi, Shabbetai, 104-6 typhus epidemic, 35 Tzivos Hashem (Armies of God), 146 ufaratsto (and you shall break out) as Chabad slogan, 141, 230 Ukraine: ceded to Central Powers, 33-34; grain shortage and Soviet policies, 34-35; Ukrainian People’s Republic, 34. See also Ekaterinoslav; Nikolaev, Russia Ulmanis, Karlis, 179 United Nations, 187-88, 242 United States: as center ofJewish people, 159-60; Eastern European Jewish emigration to, 76; excep tionalism of, 157; Immigration Act (1924), 74; messianic advent contin gent on infusion with Judaism, 160, 178; post-World War II Chabad’s expansion in, 140; pre-World War II Chabad in, 76-77; as religious country, 157-58; religious freedom rooted in U.S. Constitution, 157; Schneerson and Chaya Mushka reaching U.S. during World War II, 76; Schneerson on America as JOI
INDEX Wohlgemut, Yosef, 52 Wohlthat, Helmuth, 72 women: active roles in Chabad commu nity, 130, 173-77, 235, 248-49; at farbrengens, 124; feminism, 172-73, 176-77, 178; male vs. female power in Kabbalah, 175; outreach of Chabad, women’s role in, 176,177, 178; patriarchal power structures and, 173,177-78; redemption, role in, 175-76; Schneerson credited with helping childless women con ceive, 216-17; study groups and religious education established for, 173-74, 177i teachers’ seminary for, 174; television or film as way to have access to Schneerson speaking, 206; traditional roles reinforced, 177-78; YosefYitshak’s Jewish edu cation of, 173 World War I: 15,33,38,65,69-70 World War II: Yosef Yitshak and Schneerson with family escaping from Europe to New York City, 71-76; YosefYitshak attempting to save other Lubavitchers, 79-80. See also Holocaust United States (continued) "different" due to messianic role of, 160; Yosef Yitshak on America as not “different,” 77, 160; Yosef Yitshak’s choice of New York City, 77; Yosef Yitshak’s family saved in World War II by, 74, 159; Yosef Yitshak’s fundraising from, 54,63. See also political and social issues university campuses, Chabad’s presence on, 140-42 Verdiger, Avraham, 198 Vichy France, Schneerson and Chaya Mushka in, 75 Vilenkin, Zalman, 14 Vilna (Lithuania/Poland), 15, 28 Vilna Gaon (Saadia Gaon), 22, 30 visas and passports: quota exemption for clergy, 74; for Schneerson and Chaya Mushka, 47, 69-70, 74, 75, 76; Schneerson’s American citizen ship, 84; Yosef Yitshak’s family receiving U.S. visas, 73-74 Vogel, Faivish (rabbi),
215 Wagner, Robert E, 45,120 Wallace v.Jaffree (1985), 164 Warsaw: Jewish migration to, 15; Schneerson and Chana Mushka's wedding in, 54-58; World War Π and, 71-72; Yosef Yitshak’s family hiding in World War II in, 71-73; Yosef Yitshak’s move from Riga to, 67 Weber, Max, 260; Economy and Society, 132-34 Weinberg, Noah (rabbi), 143 Weinberg, Yechiel Yaakov, 52 Weiner, Herbert (rabbi), 122,127, 144, 192, 218 Weiss, Ira, 131,225 Weizmann, Chaim, 220 West Bank, 189-90,195-96 WEVD (Yiddish-language radio sta tion), 155 Wiener, Samuel, 45, 210 Wiesel, Elie, 82, 121, 212 Wilensky, Michael, 52 Wise, Stephen (rabbi), 45 Wissenschaft das Judentums (academic study ofJudaism), 58 Yalkut Shimoni (midrashic compilation), 241 Yanovsky, Meyer Shlomo (rabbi, mater nal grandfather), 8; memories in 2017 of, 257; supporting Levi Yitshak, 10 yehi (long live slogan), 258 yehidut (private meeting with Schneer son), 119-20,122, 201; mix of people waiting on bench for, 134; replaced by “general”yehidut of 50 or more people, 202; television or film of Schneerson speaking as, 206 Yevsektsiya (Jewish section of Commu nist Party), 43-44, 50 Yoffie, Eric (rabbi), 236 Yom Kippur War (1973), 191 Yosef, Ya’akov, 20, 25, 28 Zacuto, Abraham, 239 Zakheim, Binyamin (rabbi), 12,14 Zalmanov, Shmuel, 54 Zechariah’s vision of the Messiah, 100 302
INDEX Zionism: as cause of Holocaust, 183; Chabad opposition to, 182; at end of nineteenth century, 37; Leibel and, 35,62; messianism and, 182-84; popularity in early twentieth cen tury, 35; as prelude to messianic age, 109; religious Zionists, 184-85, 194-95; Yosef Yitshak opposing as way to address Holocaust, 184. See also anti-Zionism Zohar. See Book ofthe Zohar Zorach V. Clausen (1952), 161-62 3θ3 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author_variant | e g eg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV050147813 |
| ctrlnum | (DE-599)BVBBV050147813 |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Glinter, Ezra Verfasser (DE-588)1359691839 aut Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah Ezra Glinter New Haven ; London Yale University Press [2024] x, 303 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The Chabad-Lubavitch movement, one of the world’s best-known Hasidic groups, is driven by the belief that we are on the verge of the messianic age. The man most recognized for the movement’s success is the seventh and last Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), believed by many of his followers to be the Messiah. While hope of redemption has sustained the Jewish people through exile and persecution, it has also upended Jewish society with its apocalyptic and anarchic tendencies. So it is not surprising that Schneerson's messianic fervor made him one of the most controversial rabbinic leaders of the twentieth century. How did he go from being an ordinary rabbi’s son in the Russian Empire to achieving status as a mystical sage? How did he revitalize a centuries-old Hasidic movement, construct an outreach empire of unprecedented scope, and earn the admiration and condemnation of political, communal, and religious leaders in America and abroad? Ezra Glinter’s deeply researched account is the first biography of Schneerson to combine a nonpartisan view of his life, work, and impact with an insider’s understanding of the ideology that drove him and that continues to inspire the Chabad-Lubavitch movement today." Schneerson, Menachem Mendel 1902-1994 (DE-588)119542625 gnd rswk-swf Schneerson, Menachem Mendel / 1902-1994 Rabbis / Biography Hasidim / Biography Habad / Biography (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Schneerson, Menachem Mendel 1902-1994 (DE-588)119542625 p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-300-28037-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035484194&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035484194&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Glinter, Ezra Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah Schneerson, Menachem Mendel 1902-1994 (DE-588)119542625 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)119542625 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah |
| title_auth | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah |
| title_exact_search | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah |
| title_full | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah Ezra Glinter |
| title_fullStr | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah Ezra Glinter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Menachem Mendel Schneerson becoming the Messiah Ezra Glinter |
| title_short | Menachem Mendel Schneerson |
| title_sort | menachem mendel schneerson becoming the messiah |
| title_sub | becoming the Messiah |
| topic | Schneerson, Menachem Mendel 1902-1994 (DE-588)119542625 gnd |
| topic_facet | Schneerson, Menachem Mendel 1902-1994 Biografie |
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