Dear unknown friend: the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women
"Dear Unknown Friend relates the story of US and Soviet pen pals amid the early Cold War. The correspondents, all of them women, approached each other with curiosity and an eye toward coexistence. Their letters -- initially tolerated by censors on both sides -- revealed the humanity of the enem...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England
Harvard University Press
2024
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Dear Unknown Friend relates the story of US and Soviet pen pals amid the early Cold War. The correspondents, all of them women, approached each other with curiosity and an eye toward coexistence. Their letters -- initially tolerated by censors on both sides -- revealed the humanity of the enemy and inspired the women to reexamine their own societies." |
| Beschreibung: | 290 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780674987586 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Greeting: Hello to You, My Still Unknown but Already Close Friend! i 1 Dear Sister-Ally 20 2 I Come in Peace! 56 3 What Do You Do for Work? 4 How Are You Raising Your Children? 5 You May Not Hear from Me Again 88 123 157 Closing: The Heart Is the Main Source of Our Actions ARCHIVES AND INTERVIEWS ABBREVIATIONS NOTES 219 221 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INDEX 281 277 217 189
Index abortion, 14,106,108, 203—4, 273П44 Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 88, 99 Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn, The, 151—55, 159, 97 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The, 150—51, 59 Alymov, Vladimir, too—101 American Dream, 7,97,100,125,133—34, 93 Amerika, 26, 87, 197 Andreeva, Ekaterina: background of, 128—29; collectivism and, 126,134, 136—38,156; compliments from, 123—25, 130; cultivation of pen friendship by, 24, 27, 33, 34-3 5, 137-38; literary views of, 148—53; niece of, 123—25, 130-31,137; praise of Soviet education by, 131; professional fulfillment and, 112, 197; pseudonym of, 129, 161; pursuit of pen pal by, 123-24,127. See also Zheliabuzhskaia, Ekaterina Andreevna anti-Americanism: in Soviet Union, 55, 93—94 4^, 156,193; in United States, 161,176,180 anti-communism, 2, 18, 55, 86—87, 97, 5 , 157,161—75, 191, 2O7 anti-cosmopolitanism. See zhdanovshchina anti-fascism, 17,59—60, 82, 86,189 Anti-Fascist Committee of Soviet Jews. See Soviet Jewish Anti-Fascist Com mittee Anti-Fascist Committee of Soviet Women. See Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Committee Anti-Fascist Committee of Soviet Youth, 38, 66,179, 200 antisemitism. See Jews Atkinson, Oriana, 68—69 Bauman, Dorothy, 182 Bentley, Elizabeth, 38 Bleiker, Roland, 17 Brainchild, 214 Brest, battle of, 24, 25 Britain, alliance with Soviet Union, 25—26, 30; cold war competition and, 156; letter writers from, 27—28,179—80; visitors from, 184; workers in, 22, 27, 29 Brooks, Ruth, 42—43 Buckmaster, Henrietta, 59, 123 Burtnett, Constance Roe, 61,70,78, 80, 198 Butler Jr., Oliver, J., 167—73 Byrnes, James F., 65,77. See also
State Department (US) — 281
282 — censorship: by Committee of Women, 140, 145—47,175,191; by pen pals themselves, 10, 24, 62,78,129,137,145,194,196,198; by Soviet government, 14,15, 29,34, 38—40; by Soviet Women’s Anti-fascist Committee, 52,69,124,140,186,194; by US government, 35—37 Central Intelligence Agency, 161, 182 Checki, Angelina R., 84—85 Cherkasova, Anna Alekseevna, 73—74 childcare: discussions of, 13, 92; lack of, 8, 90,115,145, 203, 209; promotion of, 105—6, in, 117; skepticism about, 8; Soviet policies on, 116—19,202; US policies on, 115—16 children: delinquency among, 125,131, 155; education of, 125,135—36, 142—43,148, 150; heroism of, 134,150,153—54; teen agers and, 124, 129, 132, 153; work by, 132—34. See also motherhood China, People’s Republic of, 160,168 citizen diplomacy (between Americans and Soviets): before WWII, 22, 28; consciousness-raising through, 12, 23, 87, 93,195, 207—8, 212; during 1950s and 1960s, и, 14,19, 28,188, 201, 204—6, 226151; effectiveness of, 13—15, 79-80, 104,139,174—75,196—202, 206—7, 271П17; in-person forms of, 10,11, 180—81, 182-85, 199—203, 205-6; phe nomenon of, 9,138,190, 214—15; versus official diplomacy, 3,5—6,11,12,18—19, 22,58, 81; winning hearts through, 3, 5—6, il, 138,189—90,192,196—97, 206; women and, 222П11 civil rights, 41,59, 71,123,167,184,191. See also race and ethnicity clubs, 12, in, 127 Clubs, General Federation of Women’s, 67—69,170 Clubs, Ohio State Federation of Colored Women’s, 41 Clubs of International Friendship, 206 Clubwoman ofAmerica, 68, 170 Cobble, Dorothy Sue, no, 210 Coddaire Jr., David J., 167,171—72 Index cold war:
competition for influence in, 2—3, 10, 86, 94,155-56,181,189, 205; escala tion of, 59-60, 86, 93, 97,108,117,160; pen pals’ engagement in, 6-7,19,47-48, 63-64; periodization of, 2, 8—9,10-11, 188,191; skepticism about, 10, 60,94, 174; threat to pen pal program from, 3; travel during, 11, 87,155,197; ways of life and, 91,121—22,126; womanhood debated in, 12, 83,91,97,121,181 Cominform (Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties), 86 Committee of Correspondence, 181—83 Committee of Women: alleged communist front of, 114,159-64,169—75; campaigns of, 113, 117,174,192,199; decline of, 199—200; gender norms promoted by, 113,117, 174,192; letters processed by, 56,170—72,191,193,199; membership in, 164,171-74; partnership with Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Committee, 35—37,171; pen pal recruitment by, 67—68, in, 170,177; protection of letter writers by, 161-64; publications of, 158, 160,163—64,170—74, 191; relationship to National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 171—73; social welfare and, nr, 116—17,120,147,199; women’s equality and, 44, in, 120. See also Na tional Council of American-Soviet Friendship communism. See socialism Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee: Agitation and Propaganda Division of, 26; antiAmericanism and, 93—94,156; anti fascist committees of, 66,188; criticism of pen pals by, 7,18,162,177-79, 190; criticism of the Soviet Women’s AntiFascist Committee by, 156,176—78; Foreign Policy Commission of, 177—78; Foreign Policy Department of, 93; inperson exchanges approved by, 183,188; other letter writing allowed by, 9, 22, 38,
66,179; pen pal program authorized by, 8,10, 66,167,188,198; Politburo of,
Index - 283 148; surveillance of pen pal program by, Eisenhower, Dwight D., 11,19, 34, 176, 188 15,67; Women’s International Demo cratic Federation and, 181 ; women’s Elbe, meeting on, 54—55 emotion: Alliance strengthened by, 30, 34, 50; community building through, 3—4, 44; history of, 222—23112; openness rights and, 201-3; Women’s Section (Zhenotdel) of, 27,50 Communist Party of the United States, 34, 94, 161, 164,166, 169-70,173,176,180 Congress of American Women, 83-84, 165-66 Congress of Peoples’ Deputies, 200 Conner Jr., Troy B., 167—73 consumerism: American, 12, 97—99, no-11,113—15, 122; Soviet, 98—99, 120-21,199 correspondence. See letter writing Cryder, Maxine, 58, no, 112, 114 Dashevskaia, Fima Petrovna, 118 Davies, Joseph E., 35 Davies, Marjorie Post, 35 Dear Unknown Friend (pamphlet): court testimony about, 164,170—71; letters excerpted in, 140—47, 159,175,192; pub lication of, 14,139—40,160,163,174 democracy: American claims to, 59, 80, 97, 135—36,181—82; shared claims to, 26—27, 82,174; Soviet claims to, 147 Democratic Party, 126 Depression, Great, 97,105,133,193 Dewey, Thomas E., 79—80,198 Dickinson, Lucy J. LaFell, 68—69 Diplomacy. See citizen diplomacy divorce, 106,108,128,139,150,165—66, 187,198, 203, 212 Dobson, Miriam, 12,16 Draper, Muriel: anti-communist attacks on, 164-65,169,170; as head of Com mittee of Women, 113, 165,171—72; as head of Congress of American Women, 83—84,165; background of, 45,165; death of, 166; socialist sympathies of, 116,165; Women’s International Demo cratic Federation and, 83—84, t^i Dulles, John Foster, 71—72,77 Duvankova,
Zinaida Semenovna, 189, 193-97 and, 40, 69, 138,190; personal invest ment in, ίο-и; politics and, 7, 16—17; social connection and, 5, 7, 22, 40,44, 58, 189—90; solace through, 6, 20—24, 34, 43—44,77,137; versus intellect, 189—90, 191,193—95 Epstein, Virginia: as co-chair of Com mittee of Women, 164,167, 171—72, 174; court testimony of, 168, 169—73; Dismissive attitude towards, 167—68, 169; FBI surveillance of, 174; promotion of pen pal program by, 177,192 espionage, 10, 16, 38, 129 Fadeev, Aleksandr, 153—54 Federal Bureau of Investigation: classifica tion of documents by, 14; Committee of Women and, 164,174; Corliss Lamont and, 164—65; surveillance of letter writers, 2—3,10,14,15, 35—36,95, 207; surveillance of National Council of American Soviet Friendship, 34, 36—37, 65, 163; women rallied by, 97. See also Justice Department (US) Fedorova, Iraida Il’inichna, 41,45»—50 feminism. See women’s rights film: production, 104,141—42,155, 207; screenings of, 26, 30, 35, 52, 55, no, 154, 205 Foglesong, David, 206 Foreign Affairs, Soviet Ministry of: con sulate in New York City, 37—39,56, 161, 170; embassy in Washington D.C., 26, 68, 80, 170, 187, 197 France, 179—80 Franklin, Marguerite Wesle, 140,143—44, 154-55, 213-14 Freedman, Rose, 116 friendship: definitions of, 14—16, 194; ex pressions of, 2—4, 74, 76, 133, 135, 138, 156, 193—95; feminist celebration of, 17,
Index 284 — friendship (continued) 208, 214; foreign relations shaped by, 15—17, 22,58,122,191, 205—6; in-person versus distanced, 14, 182—85, 208; political uses of, 15,16—17, 29, 164, 180; skepticism about, 54-55,164 Friendship of the Soviet Peoples, 7,59, 75—76, 78—80, 147, 193. See also race and ethnicity Gaidar, Arkadii, 134 Geneva Conference, 11,188 Germany: Berlin Blockade in, 130; division of, 5,18,127,160; immigrants from, 141, 143; socialists in, 22 GI Bill, 109,132 Gilburd, Eleonory, 205 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 206 Gordon, Linda, 208 Gorky, Maxim, 128—29, 148, 151 Goulart, Clementine Jordan, no, 112 Great Depression. See Depression, Great Great Purge. See terror and Great Terror Greek Civil War, 1,5, 60, 83 grief: bonding through, 6, 21,44,54—55; friends in, 136—37; mothers in, 24,43, 139; suppression of, 20, 24; war ruins and, 147,198; wives in, 20-21,43, 76—78,101-2 Grinval’d, Pavlina (Pava), 105—9 Grivtsov, Georgii Aleksandrovich, 141 Grizodubova, Valentina Stepanova, 44, 85, 119 Gromyko, Andrei, 65,77 Guretskaia, Tat’iana, 177 Health, Soviet Ministry of, 203 Hitler, Adolf, 1, to, 17, 21, 24, 27,41,42, 67 Hoover, J. Edgar, 97 House Un-American Activities Com mittee, 65—66,161,164—66,169,184 housework: American obsession with, 114—16; appliances for, in, 114, 120, 199; burden of, 79, 90, 95,114,128,138, 208, 211; paid work and, 12,44, 90,113, 141,195, 209, 212; Soviet silence on, 114—15; strategies for, 6,12,106, no—15; women’s responsibility for, 47,103,194, 195,210 Hull, Mary Elizabeth Roe: advice from, 64, 77—78, 87; background of, 61, 63-64, 70; cultivation of
pen friendship by, 57—58, 78—79, 86, 87; death of, 212; exit from pen pal program by, 174; family farm of, 57, 61; gendered arguments for peace by, 80—81; influence of pen friend ship on, 79—80,197—98; marriage of, 77—78; religious arguments for peace by, 56, 58,71-72, 78; religious beliefs of, 69—70 Hutchison, Emma, 17 Ilf, Il’ia, 151 Information Bulletin, 80,197 Ingram, Rosa Lee, 184 Internal Revenue Service (US), 165 International Youth Festival, 205 Jahr, Benjamin Norman “Bert,” 89-90, 94-95,97, 210, 212 Jahr, Jean: background of, 88-89; balance of work and domestic life by, 88, 208—9, 211—12; career development of, 14, 90, 209—10; death of, 212; FBI surveillance of, 94—95, 207; homemaking and, 89—90, 95, 210-11; mentions of, 94, 96—102; progressive politics of, 95; women’s inequality and, 211—12 Jahr, Joanne, 13—14, 89—90, 94—95, 210-12 Jahr, Marc, 14, 89—90,94—95, 97, 210-11 Jews: antisemitism against, 41—42,60; Arab-Israeli War and, 75; as letter writers, 41—42, 69, 88, 95,191; postwar violence against, 67, 76; wartime vio lence against, 21, 24—25, 41, 75. See also Soviet Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Justice Department (US): foreign agents listed by, 87,163,166-67; Soviet influ ence combatted by, 181, 190; Subversive Activities Control Board of, 161, 167—74; subversive organizations listed by, 163,167, 172—73, 190, 198. See also Federal Bureau of Investigation
Index ~ 285 Lend-Lease. See World War II Kalmus, Rebecca, 177 Leningrad, siege (or blockade) of, 100—101 Karaeva, Sonia, 52—53 letter (as genre), 16 Kennan, George, 71,77 letter writing: feminist organizing and, 17, Khimach, Nadezhda, 184-88 214—15; international connections Khrushchev, Nikita, 11,19,121-22,188, through, 9, 22, 204—6; peace activism 205,207-8 through, 17, 67, 181-84, 206; petitioning Kimple, David, 176 through, 9,202-3; popularity in the Kimple, Dillon, 159,176,187,198 19 5 0s and 1960s, 2 0 5—6; wartime impor Kimple, Gladys Μ.: anti-communist repri tance of, 3, 8, 10, 25, 190; youth and, 9, sals against, 157,161-62,176-77,198, 22, 38,67, 179, 200, 206 207; background of, 159—60; cultivation Lewis, Sinclair, 148-49 of pen friendship by, 40,158,175-76; di liberal-capitalism: entrepreneurship in, vorce of, 176,187,198; epistolary en 126,133—34; freedom of belief in, durance of, 158,174,176—77,180,187; 174-75; freedom of choice, 114, 126, exit from pen pal program by, 187; influ 143—44, 146, 152; freedom of opportu ence of pen friendship on, 174-76, nity in, 125; freedom of religion in, 198—99; patriotism of, 175—76; socialist 142—43; hypocrisy of, 174; ideology of, sympathies of, 157,174-76,208 3, 174, 198; individualism in, 7, 126, 139, Kimple, Rebecca (Becky), 198 142—48, 152; individual liberty in, King, Mrs. Oscar, 102—5 Kingsbury, John A., 164, 167—69, 170,173 146-47,151-52, 155; women’s advance Kirschenbaum, Lisa A., 25 ment under, 121, 181—82 Koehler, Verena G., 189,192,193—97, 207 Life, 30, 71—72 Koff, El’ga Grigor’evna: background of,
literature: appreciation of, 6, 42, 148—51, 145-46; career of, 141-42,155, 207; cri 158—59; debates over, 148—55; national tique of individualism by, 146-47,156; values in, 42,147—49 cultivation of pen friendship by, 139, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 16, 129 153, 155; influence of pen friendship on, 197; literary views of, 153-54; marriage Maile, Mrs. Alfred L, 96—97, 99 of, 141; promotion of collectivism by, Makushkina, Nadezhda, 51—53 126, 145-47, 154-56; promotion of social Marshall, George C., 93. See also State services by, 144; son of, 141, 143,154 Department (US) Komsomol. See Young Communist League Marshall Plan, 83, 86, 94 Korean War, 5,168,176 Marx, Karl, 16,146,148—49,175 Korneeva, Mariia, 84 Marxism-Leninism, 102,147,166. See also Kovrigina, Mariia Dmitrievna, 203—4 socialism Krich, Anne, 41-42, 49-50 maternalism, 5, 27, 30, 81—84, 206. See also Krylova, Anna, 84 motherhood Kursk, battle of, 48 McCarthy, Joseph, 187 Kuznetsova, Irina Aleksandrovna, 2,4, 7—8, McCarthyism, 2,18,161,180,190. See also 12,13,16,119 anti-communism McDade, Dorothy, 105—9,112 Melish, William Howard, 164,167—69,173 Labor. See work, women’s Mel’nikovskaia, Ol’ga Nikolaevna: Amer Labor Department (US), 107 ican press and, 93; archeological career Lacy-Zarubin Agreement, 190,191—92 of, 88,102,109, 208-9; background of, 95. Lamont, Corliss, 164-66,170 98—99, 208; balance work and domestic League of Women Voters, 127, 141, 213
286 — Mel’nikovskaia, Ol’ga Nikolaevna (continued) life by, 88, 90,118—19, 209—Jo, 212; col lectivism and, 102; daughter of, 118—19, 209; marriage of, too, 208; mentions of, 14, 94,97; wartime experiences of, too—102; women’s inequality and, 212 men: housework done by, 115; leadership style of, 189; pen friendship refused to, 5, 36—37, 65,167; pen pal requests from, 5,187, 205; warmongering among, 5—6, 80—82, 84 Moos, Elizabeth, 174 Morozova, Nina Sergeevna: arguments for peace by, 57,75—76, 78—81; background of, 61—64,69,74, 79; cultivation of pen friendship by, 57—58, 78—79, 86, 87; daughter of, 62—64,7°, 74, 76; influence of pen friendship on, 197; promotion of socialism by, 75—78; religious activity of, 74 Moscow: battle of, 1, 20—21, 200—201; International Youth Festival in, 205; postwar condition of, 63, 209; postwar population of, 4, 62,199 motherhood: citizens reared through, 122, 124—25,135,143; connection through, 22, 24,42—44,46, 91,124,144,154,157, 212; peacemaking through, 27, 82,125, 129—30, 206; primary vocation of, 8, 20, 81—82, 91,103—7, 108—9,19I *99 Mustanich, Hazel, 46—48 Nakachi, Mia, 203—4 National Council of American-Soviet Friendship: alleged communist front of, 54, 36-37,65—66,162—65,173; cam paigns by, 35, 184, 200; communists in, 34,170; criticism of USSR by, 77; de cline of, 173; founding of, 34; male domination of, 44; membership in, in, 163,171,173; pen pal program established by, 35—37. See also Committee of Women National Council of Negro Women, 67,174 National Negro Congress, 184 New World Review (Soviet Russia Today), i7°, 174, 177 Index
New York Times Magazine, 53—54 Nixon, Patricia, 121 Nixon, Richard, 121—22 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 160 nuclear proliferation, 2,18,58,129—30, 161, 178, 206. See also peace Osborne, Mrs. Leonard, 73,96 pacifism. See peace Panova, Vera, 150—51 parenting. See motherhood Park, Myrtle, 1—8,12,13,16,18,119 Pasynkova, Marita, 117—18 peace: anti-fascism in, 17, 60, 86; Christian imperative for, 59,71-74, 85-86, 191; cold war competition for, 6—7, 60,77, 79, 83,178—79,181-84; conflicting vi sions of, 6,15,17,59, 74, 81—86; inter ethnic harmony and, 59, 75—80,103,147, 193; international organizations for, 7, 178-79,183—8 5, 2671102; just war and, 59,74, 84—86; pacifism and, 9, 30,59,71, 74, 82, 85; personal understanding in, 2, 23, 26, 64, 76, 90,178,184,192-95, 204; postwar imperative for, 2,15,17—18, 55, 57— 59, 80—82, 85—86,189, 206; presiden tial candidate for, 4, 7; women’s respon sibility for, 59,67,74, 80-86, 206, 214-15 Peace Corps, 206 Pearmain, Roy, 176,198 People-to-People Program (People-toPeople International), 10, 204 Perestroika, 200, 202 Perkins, Zoe, 81-82, 86,112 personal is political: pen-pal program and, 12—13,93 192, 195-96, ϊ0Τ 212; women’s movements and, 15, 208, 214-15,227П57 Petrov, Evgenii, 151 Petrova, Lidiia, 68—69, 203 Popova, Nina Vasil’evna: advocacy for So viet women by, 120—21, 200—204; back ground of, 83, 200—201; Central Com mittee of the Communist Party and,
Index 201—2; as head of Soviet Women’s AntiFascist Committee, 83,120—21; as head of SSOD, 204-6; Women’s Interna tional Democratic Federation and, 83-84,181 popular front, 8, it, 34, 41, 167, 190. See also World War II Progressive Party, 7,13,79-80,126,176, 184 propaganda: by Americans, 7,93—94, tn, 182-83; by National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 34; by pen pals, 7-8,69-70, 92,145, 191; purpose of pen pal project for, to, 12,15, 28,193, 195; by Soviet government, 6-7, 21-22, 25,31, 93-94,148, 156, 178, 205; by Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Com mittee, 51, 65—66,119—20, 162, 181, 188, 200—202; weakness of program regarding, 177-78,189, 207 public diplomacy. See citizen diplomacy - 287 Rozdevich, Nina, 102—5 Russian War Relief, Inc., 31, 34—37, 41, 43, 49,50,167 Schelogova, Mariia, 20—21, 22—23, }8 Schrecker, Ellen, 166 Second World War. See World War II self-made man, 133, 142, 193 Senate Internal Security Committee (US), 165,167 Sevastopol’, battle for, 74 sexism: pen pals regarded with, 8, 162—63; in Soviet Union, 119,183, 200-201; stereotypes and, 22,53-54, 66; work place occurrences of, 47—52,107—9, 2lo 212—14. $ee a^° women’s rights Sheveleva, Ekaterina Vasil’evna, 183—84 Smith, Jessica, 1 it, 173,174 Smolensk, battle of, 33 socialism: anti-imperialism of, 75; collec tivism and, 102,122,126, 135—37, 155; free schooling under, 131; peacefulness race and ethnicity: discrimination based of, 75; promotion of, 6—7, 29, 66, 69, 99, on, 60,75—76,80,126,151—53,167,184, 146,174,178,180—88,191,198; social 193; homogeneity of letter writers in, welfare in, jo8, III,
116- 21,137,144, 40,69,97,99,126,191; social harmony 183, 209; upward mobility through, 29, through, 7,59-60,73,76-80,147,193. 99—100, no, 193; women’s rights under, See also civil rights 6, 8,44,106,116—17,119, 181, 191. Rait, Rosa, 46 See also Marxism-Leninism Reagan, Ronald, 206 Society for Cultural Relations with For religion: cold war competition through, 71; eign Countries, All Union (VOKS), 31, prayers and, 43-44,46,72-73; Soviet 37,148,187, 204,205 persecution of, 72,74; Soviet rapproche Soloshenko, Klavdiia, 81, 86,112 ment towards, 72—73 Soviet Information Bureau, 21, 28—29, 38 Robeson, Eslanda Goode, 167,170,172, Soviet Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, 21, 174,184-85 66,76,87 Robeson, Paul, 167 Soviet Russia Today, 174. See also New Robinson, Halois Moorhead, 184—85 World Review Roosevelt, Eleanor, 34, 67 Soviet Woman, 66, 82, 83, 119, 120, 174, Roosevelt, Franklin D., 31, 34—35 188,199, 202—3 Roosevelt administration: Fair Employment Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Committee: Practices Committee, 45; Office of War advocacy for Soviet women by, 51, 92, 119—21,192; Alliance strengthened by, Administration, 35; War Advertising 28, 34, 44, 51,180; censorship by, 14, 40, Council, 53,107; War Manpower Com 52, 64,179,191,194; coaching of pen mission, 45-46; War Production Board, pals by, 179, 191; Committee of Women 46; War Relief Control Board, 31
288 Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Committee (continued') and, 35—37,171, 199; creation of pen pal program by, 28—29, 191; criticisms of, 156,176—79; exhibitions, 117,119; ex pansion of pen pal program by, 66, 179—80,187—88; foreign delegations arranged by, 180-86,188,191; founding of, 21—22; influence of American con tacts on, 120—21, 199, 201—2; letter writing by, 162,186—87; management of pen pal program by, 25, 31, 37, 180-88; maternalism of, 27, 82,117; official mandates of, 50, 66,120,156, i8o, 191; pairing pen-pals by, 33,45, 63, 69; processing of correspondence by, 38—40, 170, 179, 194, 195; rallies of, 26—27, 28,44, 82,193; recruiting of pen pals by, 41,46, 66-67,179—80,188, 205; reduction of pen pal program by, 66, 156,162,176—80,184, 188,191—92; sur veillance of pen pals by, 2—3, to, 40; translations by, 14, 29, 39—40,103-4, 179,184,194; UN Commission on the Status of Women and, 180-82,192; Women’s International Democratic Federation and, 83, 180—82. See also Soviet Women’s Committee Soviet Women’s Committee: advocacy for Soviet women, 51, 200-206; elected leg islators from, 200; expansion of pen pal program by, 187—88, 205—7; founding of, 187; peace promoted by, 206; so cialism promoted by, 188, 202—3 Spock, Benjamin, 122 SSOD. See Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries Stalin, Joseph: cold war aggression of, 98; death of, 11,188, 201; De-Stalinization and, 205, 208; era of, 10-11, 72, 74,131, 180, 205; isolationism of, 87,180, 204, 2261148; prize named for, 150; repression under, 67, 87,141,145, 200, 207 (see
also terror and Great Terror); wartime lead ership of, 24, 26, 73; works by, 175 Index Stalingrad: battle of, 11,17, 29—31, 46, 64, 68, tot; spirit of, it, 188 State Department (US): cooperation with Committee of Correspondence, 181-82; embassies of, it, 65—66,181; pen pal program allowed by, 36-37,65—66,162, 167; public diplomacy in, 93,197; regu lation of Soviet visitors by, 87,183; re strictions on pen pal program from, 8, 10; Soviet Women’s Anti-Fascist Com mittee and, 65-66,181-82,187; Women’s International Democratic Federation and, 181-82 Stepanova, Nadezhda, 33—34, 38 Stockholm Appeal, 178. See also peace Subversive Activities Control Board. See Justice Department (US) ■ Symonovich, Antonina Erastovna, 118—19, 209 Symonovich, Erast Alekseevich, 208-9 Tailor, Pauline, 183-84 Talaver, Alexandra, 202 terror and Great Terror: during 1930s, 7, 62,74,141,145,167,193, 200, 207; in WWII, 75; during ^.danovshchina, 67, 76—77, 167 thaw, the, 11,19,188, 205 Timur Movement, 134 Tolstoy, Leo, 16,148,159,175 trade unions: All-Union Central Council of (USSR), 27,121,201—2; Congress of Industrial Organizations, 106,108; pen pals and, 41,105,137 Truman, Harry S.: cold war aggression of, 7, it, 71—72, 84; National Council of American-Soviet Friendship and, 34—35; nuclear proliferation under, 18,130. See also nuclear proliferation Truman administration: Commission on Higher Education, 136; era of, 10-11; Federal Loyalty Board, 86—87, 136 Truman Doctrine, 136 Turner, Emma, Μ., 43—44 Twain, Mark, 148-49,150-54
289 Index Ukraine, 24,129,191,197,199 Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (SSOD), 204-5 United Nations (UN) Commission on the Status of Women, 180-82, 184, 191, 199 United Nations (UN) Organization, 1,18, 60, 71,77 United States Information Agency, 111, 148,181-82, 206 Vaniukova, Evdokiia, 46—48 Vdovina, Liuisa, 42—43 Vezumskaia, Riva Abramovna, 23-25,38,42 Viazovskaia, Antonina Dmitrievna: back ground of, 158; cultivation of pen friendship by, 175-76; literary views of, 159,175; wartime suffering of, 157-58 Voice of America, 93-94 VOKS. See Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, All Union Vyshinskii, Andrei, 1,77 82-83; international congresses of, 180-82; maternalism of, 82-84; membership in, 82, 181; publications by, 181; Soviet influence on, 83, 181-82, 191 women’s rights: American struggles for, 82, 87, 92, 116, 166, 208, 210, 212, 214; Equal Rights Amendment and, 92, 214; female friendship in, 208, 214; “having it all” and, 18, 92, 102-16, 121-22; inter national movements for, 11-12, 14-15, 92—93, i225 180-82, 202, 215; letter writing networks in, 9, 17, 191, 208; post-WWII movements for, 92, 208, 214-15; Soviet achievements in, 6, 17, 106; Soviet struggles for, 8,14, 50—52, 119, 200-202, 212; suffrage and, 9, 17, 44,67,165 Women’s Society of Christian Service, 71-74, 87, 103 Woolf, Cameron, 124, 130,132, 134, 135-36, 49 Woolf, Don, 123, 130-32,135-37 Woolf, Jeanne A.: afterschool jobs and, Wallace, Henry A., 7,79,95,175 131-35; background of, 127-28; balance Walters, Margaret, 31, 33—34,40 paid work
and housework by, it 2,114, Wesle, Celia: artistic work by, 140; back 127—28,138; civic-mindedness and, 132, ground of, 140—41,142—43; cultivation 135,138; compliments by, 130-31; culti of pen friendship by, 139—40,153,155, vation of pen friendship by, 123—24,133, 207; daughters of, 155, 213, 214 (see also 138; death of, 138; exit from pen pal pro Franklin, Marguerite Wesle); death of, gram by, 161,174; individualism and, 214; divorce of, 213; exit from pen pal 126,133,135—36; influence of pen friend program by, 174, 212; feminist views of, ship on, 112,139,197; literary views of, 213—14; freedom of belief and, 142—43; 148—50; peace and, 129—30; psychology individualism and, 126,142,147,152, career of, 127,139; school curricula and, 156; influence of pen friendship on, 197, i35_37; self-made man and, 133,142, 213—14; library career of, 141—42,148; 193; teaching career of, 127,135 literary views of, 148,151—53; mother Woolf, Maurice, 127,129, 131, 135,138—39, 142 hood and, 143—44,154,213; publications work, women’s: balance with housekeeping, by, 214; teaching career of, 141,142, 213 44,90-91,104—7, in—20,144,195, Wesle, John H., 140-41, 212—13 208-10; competition through, 47—49, Woman’s Home Companion, 53, 68—69, 84, 97 52; damage to femininity from, 53, 201; Woman Worker (Rabatnitsa), 115 empowerment through, 44—54, 54, no; Women Report, The, 170—72, 174, 192 family devotion through, 108—11, 209, women’s councils (^hensovety), 50 214; fulfilment from, 45,51, 87—88, 91, Women’s International Democratic Fed 104,106,109, 139, 212—13; gendered eration, The (WIDF):
founding of,
290 work, women’s {continued) roles in, 49—51, 91,106-8; in the 1950s, 208—12; opportunities for, 45—46, 107—9, 210, 214; poor conditions of, 14,23,52—53, 201—3; in the postwar 1940s, 107—8, iio-rr, 208; solidarity through, 49, 54; unequal conditions of, 44—54,105-8; in wartime, 31, 44—54,105—7, no; women’s advancement through, 49—53,105 World War II (individual battles listed by location): aid requests during, 7, 17, 21—22, 25—27, 31,193; Alliance deterio rates after, 58, 93—94; Alliance personal ized during, 22—23, 2$—29,43—44,55; Alliance strengthened during, 1, 25—26, 30,44,54,68,180; devastation to USSR from, 21, 33, 94, 98—99,113,118,150—51, 153—54; gender conservatism after, 8,12, 87,91,107—8, no; Lend-Lease during, 26, 35,51—52I letter writing during, 3, 10, 25; memory of Alliance after, 1,8, Index 10,54-55, 190; myth of the Great Patri otic War during, 125—26,146—47, 154-55,193; patriotism sparked by, 15, 22,40—41,193; Women combatants in, 53, 85,107; women’s labor during, 27, 31,44-54,105—7; women’s opportunities in, 12, 22—23,47—51,90-91,106—7,122 youth labor during, 132-33 Young Communist League (Komsomol), 22 ИЗ, *79 Zhdanov, Andrei, 67 zhdanovshchina, 2,18, 67,76, 87,161,180, 190. See also anti-Americanism Zheliabuzhskaia, Ekaterina Andreevna: cultivation of pen friendship by, 175; exit from pen pal program by, 187; promotion of socialism by, 178, 198, 208; pseudonym of, 129, 161. See also Andreeva, Ekaterina |
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| spelling | Peri, Alexis Verfasser (DE-588)1134995067 aut Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women Alexis Peri Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England Harvard University Press 2024 290 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Dear Unknown Friend relates the story of US and Soviet pen pals amid the early Cold War. The correspondents, all of them women, approached each other with curiosity and an eye toward coexistence. Their letters -- initially tolerated by censors on both sides -- revealed the humanity of the enemy and inspired the women to reexamine their own societies." Geschichte 1943-1953 gnd rswk-swf Brieffreundschaft (DE-588)7531994-9 gnd rswk-swf Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Women / Soviet Union / Correspondence / History Women / United States / Correspondence / History / 20th century Pen pals / Soviet Union / History Pen pals / United States / History / 20th century Female friendship / Political aspects / Soviet Union / History Female friendship / Political aspects / United States / History / 20th century Cold War Soviet Union / Relations / United States United States / Relations / Soviet Union USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Brieffreundschaft (DE-588)7531994-9 s Geschichte 1943-1953 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-674-29824-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035252483&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035252483&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Peri, Alexis Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women Brieffreundschaft (DE-588)7531994-9 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7531994-9 (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women |
| title_alt | Remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women |
| title_auth | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women |
| title_exact_search | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women |
| title_full | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women Alexis Peri |
| title_fullStr | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women Alexis Peri |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women Alexis Peri |
| title_short | Dear unknown friend |
| title_sort | dear unknown friend the remarkable correspondence between american and soviet women |
| title_sub | the remarkable correspondence between American and Soviet women |
| topic | Brieffreundschaft (DE-588)7531994-9 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Brieffreundschaft Frau USA Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035252483&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035252483&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT perialexis dearunknownfriendtheremarkablecorrespondencebetweenamericanandsovietwomen |