A history of the modern Middle East:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; London
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2025
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| Ausgabe: | Seventh edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 509 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780367516154 9780367516468 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of Illustrations Preface to the Seventh Edition Acknowledgements A Note About Place Names and Transliteration xiii XV XX xxii PART ONE The Development of Islamic Civilisation to the Eighteenth Century 1 The Rise and Expansion of Islam 1 5 Pre-Islamic Arabia 6 Muhammad and the Foundations of Islam 7 The Arab Conquests and the First Empire 11 The First Civil War and the End of the Rashidun Caliphate 12 From Arab Exclusivism to Islamic Universalism: The Umayyad and Abbasid Empires 13 Conclusion 14 2 The Development of Islamic Civilisation to the Fifteenth Century 16 Patterns of Islamic History 16 The Creation and Uses of Wealth 17 Islamic Rituals and Institutions 20 Two Versions of Leadership: Sunni Caliph and Shi’a Imam 25 The Middle East From the Eleventh to the Fifteenth Centuries: An Overview 26 Conclusion 27 3 The Ottoman and Safavid Empires: A New Imperial Synthesis The Rise of the Ottoman Empire 29 Ottoman Ruling Institutions and Attitudes 32 The Loss of Ottoman Superiority 38 The Triumph of Shi’ism: The Safavid Empire of Iran, 1501-173 6 3 9 Conclusion: The Sunni-Shi’a Struggle for Iraq 42 29
viii Contents PART TWO The Beginnings of the Era of Transformation 4 Forging a New Synthesis: The Pattern of Reforms, 1789-1849 Selim III (1789-1806): Between Old and New 51 A Revived Centre of Power: The Egypt of Muhammad AU, 1805-1848 53 Nationalism and Great Power Intervention: The Greek Revolt, 1821-1829 61 Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839): Centralisation and Transformation 63 Conclusion 64 5 The Ottoman Empire and Egypt During the Era of the Tanzimat The Tanzimat: Continued Ottoman Reform Under the Bureaucrats 65 The Arab Provinces of Greater Syria During the Tanzimat 71 Egypt During the Era of Civilian Reform 73 Conclusion: The Dualism of the Nineteenth-Century Reforms 79 6 Egypt and Iran in the Late Nineteenth Century England on the Nile: The British Occupation of Egypt, 1882-1914 81 Iran During the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century 86 Conclusion 90 7 The Response of Islamic Society Religious Assertiveness and Authoritarian Reform: The Era of Abdul Hamid II 93 Islamic Puritanism on the Tribal Frontiers: The Wahhabi, Sanusi, and Mahdiyyah Movements 95 The Reform of High Islam 97 Emerging Currents of Arab Cultural Distinctiveness 99 Conclusion 102 8 The Era of the Young Turks and the Iranian Constitutionalists The Revolt of 1908 and the Young Turks in Power 104 The Period of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution 110 Conclusion 113 9 World War I and the End of the Ottoman Order The Middle East in World War I: An Overview of Military and Diplomatic Initiatives 116 The Peace Settlement 126 Conclusion: The End of the Ottoman Order in the Middle East 130
Contents ix The Struggle for Independence: The Inter-war Era to the End of World War II I33 10 Authoritarian Reform in Turkey and Iran 137 The Atatürk Era in Turkey 137 Iran Under Reza Shah 144 Turkey and Iran During World War II: Sovereignty and Occupation 149 Conclusion 149 11 The Arab Struggle for Independence: Egypt, Iraq, and Transjordan From the Inter-war Era to 1945 151 The Struggle for Power in Egypt in the Inter-war Period 151 An Overview of World War II 157 Egypt During World War II: Pivot of the British Defence System 158 Iraq Between the Wars 160 Iraq During World War II 165 Transjordan: The Desert Mandate 166 Conclusion 168 12 The Arab Struggle for Independence: Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia From the Inter-war Era to 1945 169 The French Mandate in Syria and Lebanon 169 Lebanon Under the Mandate: The Establishment of Confessional Politics 175 Syria and Lebanon During World War II: The Troubled Path to Independence 177 New Kingdom in Arabia: The Rise of the Saudi State 179 The Search for Identity: Regionalism, Arabism, Islam 182 Conclusion 184 13 The Palestine Mandate and the Birth of the State of Israel The Emergence of Political Zionism 185 The Balfour Declaration 188 The Mandate for Palestine: British Administration 189 The Palestinian Arab Community: Leadership and Institutions 191 The Jewish Community: Leadership and Institutions 193 Immigration and Land 196 Communal Conflict and the British Response 197 World War II and the Birth of the State of Israel 201 The First Arab-Israeli War 206 Conclusion 208 185
X Contents PART FOUR The Independent Middle East From the End of World War II to the 1970s 14 Democracy and Authoritarianism: Turkey and Iran The Role of the United States in the Post-war Years 215 Turkey: The Transition to a Multiparty System 216 Turkish Foreign Policy and the Cyprus Question 223 Iran: The Re-establishment of Royal Autocracy 224 Conclusion 233 15 The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: The Egyptian Base The Paralysis of the Old Regime, 1945-1952 235 The Free Officers and the Coup d'État of 1952 23 7 Foreign Relations After 1952 240 The Adoption of Arab Socialism 246 Conclusion 250 16 The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: The Radicalisation of Arab Politics Syria: The Military in Politics 252 Iraq: The End of the Monarchy 254 The Hashimite Kingdom of Jordan: The Survival of Monarchy 257 Lebanon: The Precarious Sectarian Balance 258 Israel, the Arab States, and the June War 262 Conclusion: The Nasser Era in Perspective 266 17 Israel and the Palestinians From 1948 to the 1970s The Israeli Political System and Political Culture 268 The Elections of 1977: Israel in Transition 275 The Palestinian Factor After 1948 2 76 Conclusion 284 PART FIVE The Resurgence of Islam: The Middle East From the 1970s to the 1991 Gulf War 18 The Iranian Revolution and the Revival of Islam The Stages of Revolution in Iran 291 The Revival of Islam 303 Conclusion 306
Contents 19 xi Changing Patterns of War and Peace: Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s 308 and 1980s Eeypt Under Sadat: Domestic and Diplomatic Realignments 308 The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 316 Egypt in the 1980s 323 Conclusion 325 20 The Arabian Peninsula in the Petroleum Era 327 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 327 Kuwait, Oman, and the Smaller Gulf States 336 Conclusion 342 21 The Consolidation of Authoritarian Rule in Syria and Iraq: The Regimes of Hafiz al-Asad and Saddam Husayn 343 Syria in the al-Asad Era 344 Iraq in the Era of Saddam Husayn and the Ba’th 351 The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 356 Conclusion 361 PART SIX Challenges to the Existing Order: The Middle East in the 1990s and 2000s 363 22 The Palestinian Intifada and the 1991 Gulf War 367 The Intifada From 1987 to 1991 367 The Gulf Crisis of 1990-1991 370 The Aftermath of the Gulf War 377 Conclusion 383 23 A Peace So Near, a Peace So Far: Israeli-Palestinian Relations Since the 1991 Gulf War 385 The Road to the Oslo Peace Accords 3 85 The Unravelling of the Oslo Peace Process 393 The One-State Reality 398 Conclusion 405 24 Patterns of Continuity and Change in Turkey, Iran, and Lebanon Since the 1990s Turkey and Iran: Nations at a Crossroads 407 Hizbullah and the Struggle for Lebanon 418 Conclusion 422 407
xii Contents 25 America’s Troubled Moment in the Middle East 423 The Policy of Dual Containment 424 Al-Qa’ida and the Attacks of September 11, 2001 425 The Occupation of Iraq 427 Iran’s Nuclear Program 433 Conclusion 436 PART SEVEN Revolution and Counter-Revolution: The Middle East Since 2011 439 26 The 2011 Arab Uprisings and Their Aftermath 441 Understanding the Uprisings’ Dynamics 441 Egypt 443 Syria 450 Temen and Libya 452 Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Monarchies 454 Conclusion: Connecting Threads 456 27 A Shifting Geopolitical Landscape 459 The Gulf Divided 459 Saudi-Qatar Rift 460 Saudi-Iranian Rivalry 462 Multipolarity 465 Conclusion 468 List of Major Leaders Glossary Select Bibliography Index 469 473 477 499
A History of the Modern Middle East A History of the Modern Middle East examines the profound and often dramatic transformations of the region in the past two centuries, from the Ottoman and Egyptian reforms, through the challenge of Western imperialism, to the impact of US foreign policies. Built around a framework of political history, while also carefully integrating social, cultural, and economic developments, this expertly crafted account provides readers with the most comprehensive, balanced, and penetrating analysis of the modern Middle East. The seventh edition has been substantially revised to reflect the significance of the 2011 Arab Uprisings as a major turning point in the modern history of the region. A new chapter considers how regional powers, especially in the Gulf, are now asserting themselves more forcefully, seeking to push their own interests while Russia and China contest America’s position. Including an annotated and updated bibliography that offers guidance to readers seeking more in-depth information and incorporating an online companion website featuring quizzes, timelines, and instructor resources, A History of the Modern Middle East remains the quintessential text for courses on Middle Eastern history. |
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