Fuel and power: energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin
"A very timely study of Russia's emergence as a global energy power from the Russian Revolution to the present day. It reveals how Russian exports shaped global energy flows as well as how international trade impacted the fabric of the country's foreign relations and, ultimately, the...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge ; New York, NY ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore
Cambridge University Press
2024
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| Ausgabe: | 1 editio |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "A very timely study of Russia's emergence as a global energy power from the Russian Revolution to the present day. It reveals how Russian exports shaped global energy flows as well as how international trade impacted the fabric of the country's foreign relations and, ultimately, the course of Russian history." |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis und Register: Seite 215-250 |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 250 Seiten Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781009449144 9781009449106 |
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Contents List of Maps Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction page vi vii xi 1 1 Russia in the Global Historyof Oil 10 2 The Bolsheviks and Oil 31 3 Energy in the Cold War 71 4 Path to Dependence 112 5 Crisis, Collapse, and Resurgence 162 6 Energy, Geopolitics, and War 203 Conclusion 211 Bibliography Index 215 242 V
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Index Adria Oil Pipeline project, 143 agricultural policy and mismanagement, 35, 60, 121-22, 134, 213 Albania, 75, 82 Alekperov, Vagit, 181-82 See also Lukoil Algeria gas exports, 108, 118, 149 oil exports to Soviet Union, 107, 143 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) All-Russian Co-operative Society Ltd (ARCOS), 56, 58 All-Union Geological Fund, 86 American Foreign Trade Corporation, 47 American National Petroleum Council, 97 Anglo-Maikop Corporation, 40-41, 45 Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 19 See also British Petroleum (BP) Anglo-Soviet relations Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement (1921), 38-41 diplomatic relations, 58 oil exports, 58 trade negotiations (1959), 93-95 oil embargo, 95 Angola, 141, 150 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Arab-Israeli war (1967), 21, 106 Armenia, 175 Asiatic Petroleum Company, 45 Association of British Creditors of Russia, 41 Austria gas pipelines, 108-11, 119, 154 Neftesindikat, 57 oil production, 67, 78 exports to Soviet Union, 78 Soviet gas, imports of, 111, 118, 208 autarky, 6, 24, 68-69, 73, 93, 105-6, 132, 133 242 autonomy, movements for, 186, 204 Boris Yeltsin, 162, 175 Chechen secessionist movement, 163,188 Azerbaijan, 44, 79, 150 Lukoil, 198 Azneft, 42, 48-53, 54, 62 See also Serebrovskii, Aleksandr Bahr, Egon, 117, 119 Baibakov, Nikolai, 105, 107, 122, 125, 133-34, 144, 147, 170-71 Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM), 142, 147 Baku Consolidated Oilfields, 45 Baku region Bolshevik Russia, 31 concessions, 37-38, 44, 45-53 foreign occupation of, 20, 41, 66, 211 Tsarist Russia, 36, 37 US
concessions, 45-47 International Barnsdall Corporation, 47-52 Baku-Batumi pipeline, 53 barter transactions, 53, 94-95, 97, 143-44, 176, 212 BASF, 185 Belgium Soviet exports, 59 Berezovskii, Boris, 181, 183, 185, 189 Beriia, Lavrentii, 80 Berlin crisis (1961), 72, 98 Biden, Joe, 208 Blue Stream pipeline project, 206 Bolshevik Russia, 23-24, 211 diplomacy and oil, 38-45 energy policy, 32-36, 203 expropriation of foreign property, 36, 44-45 international trade, 54-58 nationalisation of oil companies, 2, 31,36 oil concessions, 36-38 oil shortages, 59-65
Index purchase of foreign technology, 53-59 technical innovations, 33 See also Lenin, Vladimir Brandt, Willy, 117, 119, 129, 134 Branobel, 2, 17, 43, 45 Bratstvo pipeline, 29, 108-9, 118 Brezhnev, Leonid, 24, 104-5, 132-41 economic policy, 167 energy crisis, 141-42 energy policy, 132-41 natural gas pipelines, 153-54 political rapprochement, 120, 127, 132-41 Nixon administration, 130, 145 West Germany, 129 Siberian campaign, 147-49 socialist Eastern Europe, relationship with, 142^45 British Petroleum (BP), 18, 23 merger with Tyumen Oil Company, 185, 196 Poland, 143 production sharing agreements, 185 Russian-Ukrainian war, 210 Bulgaria, 76, 155, 198 capitalist-dominated world economy, 4-8, 16-22 Russia’s reliance on, 2-3, 24, 31-32, 35-36, 47, 68-70, 88-96, 102, 135-38, 213 energy concessions, 37-39 state capitalism of Putin, 192-200 Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), 64, 136, 138, 164 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) reports on energy market, 25, 107, 146 centralisation. See re-centralisation of state centralised distribution system, dismantling of, 179 ‘change through rapprochement’, 117, 210 Chechnia Chechen secessionist movement, 163, 185-86, 188 Chechen-Ingush ASSR, 64-65 Russianinvasion, 187 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 183 See also Gazprom Chevron, 17, 190, 191 China Soviet exports, 16 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), 18 Chubais, Anatolii, 179, 181, 187 243 Churchill, Winston, 13 coal sector, 11, 15, 24, 27, 61-63, 77 American coal, 156, 207 declining importance, 84-85 Cold War, 3-8, 25-26, 71-72, 79, 158-59, 203-4
international trade, 72-75 collapse of world oil prices (1980s), 162, 163-69, 213 Russia, impact on, 164-69 commodity exchanges, 176 See also barter transactions Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 176 computer science, 93 concessions, concession rights and concession agreements, 19 Baku region, 37-38, 44, 45-53 International Barnsdall Corporation, 47-52 Bolshevik Russia Baku region, 37-38, 44, 45-53 expropriation of foreign property, 42-43 Grozny region, 37-38, 44 Duverger Group, 52 France, 46 Gosplan, 50 Great Britain, 42-44, 46 Grozny region, 37-38, 40, 44, 50, 51-53 International Barnsdall Corporation, 45, 47-52 Iraq, 197 Japan, 52 Lenin, 37-38 Russia’s reliance on, 37-39 Sinclair Oil Corporation, 52 US concessions, 45-47 International Barnsdall Corporation, 47-52 ConocoPhillips, 185 consolidatation of Eastern bloc, 71, 72-76, 199 consumerism, 21, 27, 112, 115 ‘hydrocarbon man’, 22 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), 75-79, 84, 91, 140 barter transactions, 170 energy crisis, impact of, 142-44 cross-border pipelines, 4, 53, 119, 206-9 natural gas, 153-55, 159-61 oil pipelines, 71-72, 84 See also infrastructure; natural gas pipelines; oil pipelines Cuban missile crisis (1962), 72, 98
244 Index Czechoslovakia, 76 barter transactions, 143 coal sector, 24, 77 Iranian and Iraqi oil, 143 Neftesindikat, 57 pipelines, 84, 108, 118, 119, 154 Prague Spring, 116 dam projects, 35-36 de-Stalinisation, 87 Deterding, Henri, 43-44, 45 dissolution of Soviet Union (1991), 29, 162, 175, 176 collapse of world oil prices, 166 Dolgikh, Vladimir, 136-41 Druzhba oil pipeline, 15, 29, 84, 119, 143 NATO sanctions, 26, 72, 99 Soviet exports, impact on, 105 Duverger Group concessions, 52 E.ON Ruhrgas, 185 See also Ruhrgas East German uprising (1953), 83 East Germany. See German Democratic Republic (GDR) East-West trade détente, 4, 112-13, 119, 127, 173, 213 See also rapprochement between East and West economic development, 2, 7, 8, 29, 80, 92, 167 privatisation policy, 178 See also privatisation and liberalisation of Russian economy economic indicators, 132-33 Egypt, 92-93 Lukoil, 198 oil exports to Soviet Union, 107 Soviet exports, 59, 82 Suez crisis, 21, 82 Yom Kippur War, 21, 112, 115, 116 Embaneft, 54 embargoes, 209 Arab oil embargo on US, 112, 115, 134, 136, 143, 209 import of Soviet oil into Britain, 95, 96, 98 NATO pipeline embargo, 26,99, 105, 117 Soviet embargoes on Albania, 82 Soviet embargoes on China, 82, 204 Soviet embargoes on Finland, 81, 204 Soviet embargoes on Yugoslavia, 82, 204 US pipeline embargo, 26, 99, 156-58, 207 energy consumption, 27, 61-63, 114 See also consumerism Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), 111, 121, 151 EU dependence on Russian energy, 205, 209 EU sanctions on Russia, 15-16 See also Western sanctions on Russia European reliance on Soviet oil
and gas, 4-5, 10, 71-72, 96, 98, 108-11, 134, 148, 213 attempts to diversify, 112, 117-19 Iranian oil, 150-53 Russian-Ukrainian disputes, 204-10 export pipelines. See cross-border pipelines exports of gas. See natural gas exports exports of oil, 162 Algeria, 107, 143 Anglo-Soviet relations, 58 Asia, to, 15 Britain, to, 58-59 China, to, 16 Eastern Europe, to, 84-87 price-regulation, 142-45 Europe, to, 3-4, 57, 81, 205 fascist Europe, 32, 59 restrictions on Russian oil exports, 16 Turkey, to, 16 See also NATO sanctions; US sanctions expropriation of foreign property Bolshevik Russia, 31, 36, 40, 44-45, 47, 53 concessions versus restitution, 42-43 Exxon Mobil, 17, 23 Russian-Ukrainian war, 210 fall of the Berlin Wall, 173 famine, 35, 58, 60 See also agricultural policy and mismanagement; wheat shortages in Soviet Union Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) financial support to Soviet Union, 173-74 gas production, 118 gas-for-pipes deals, 118-20 political rapprochement, 118-21, 127 Soviet Union, imports from, 105, 150-51, 153,213 financial support West Germany, from, 173 Finland, 82, 204 gas pipelines, 108 Neftesindikat, 57
Index Night Frost Crisis, 82 oil as a weapon, 81, 204 Soviet gas, imports of, 111 Soviet petroleum exports, 81 five-year plans, 34, 61, 73, 85, 167 1928-32, 61 1932-37, 61 1966-70, 121 1976-80, 136 fixed price contracts, 140 Eastern European countries, 142 Ford, Gerald Trade Act of 1974, 145 foreign exchange goods, 95 fossil fuels and international relations, 5-9, 29 fossil fuels, global dependence on, 19, 79, 84-87, 112-13, 114, 156, 160, 200-2, 205, 209, 213, 214 France concession agreements, 46 gas pipelines, 108, 109, 113, 119 gas production, 118 Neftesindikat, 57 pipeline negotiations, 110-11, 154 Soviet gas, imports of, 111 Soviet petroleum exports, 58 Soviet raw materials, 81 Soviet-Iranian-European triangular deal, 151 Front Uni, 45 Gaidar, Yegor, 164, 166, 183 ‘gas-for-pipes’ deals, 24, 118-19, 124-26, 154-55 Gaz de France (GDF), 111, 151 gazovik (gas worker), 28, 148 Gazprom, 16, 176, 178, 183-85, 187, 195, 196 international activities, 197-200 Russian-Ukrainian gas crises, 204-6 geopolitics of oil, 18-21, 136-38 oil as a ‘weapon’, 21-22, 64-65, 204-6 Russian-Ukrainian disputes, 204-10 oil as a diplomatic tool, 31, 203-4 seizing East European oil production facilities, 71 Soviet/Russian strategies, 24-25 Iran, 25, 67, 79 oil and gas supplies to Europe, 26, 71-72 Western energy security, 106-7, 208 Georgia, 20, 175, 204 pipelines, 53, 78 245 German Democratic Republic (GDR), 72, 143 energy crisis Soviet exports of oil, 141-43 reparations payments, 77, 83 German reunification, 173 German-Russian Naphta-Gesellschaf (Derunapht), 56 glasnost, 162, 168, 174 Glavgaz, 90,
100, 102, 107 global demand for oil, 19, 59-61, 79, 84-87, 112-13, 114, 137, 156, 160, 200-2, 205, 209, 213, 214 global oil boom, 12-22, 61 global oil crisis (1973-74) Eastern Bloc countries, impact on, 141-45 OPEC, 21, 112, 113-16 opportunities for Soviets, 116-31, 134-36 Soviet export of oil and gas, 116-18, 134-36 GOELRO plan, 33-35 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 8, 162, 204 collapse in oil prices, 164-66, 214 reform efforts, 166-69 See also privatisation and liberalisation of Russian economy Gosplan, 34, 85-86, 93, 125-26 concessions, 50 production shortages, 86 See also Baibakov, Nikolai; Krzhizhanovskii, Gleb Great Britain. See United Kingdom Great Depression (1930s), 60, 69, 211 Gromyko, Andrei, 120, 134, 136 gross domestic product (GDP), 104, 164-66, 193-94, 201-2 Grozneft, 42, 52, 54, 62 Grozny region Bolshevik Russia, 31 concessions, 37-38, 40, 44, 50, 51-53 Nazi occupation, 64-66, 211 production rates, 65 Tsarist Russia, 36 Gubkin, Ivan, 63-64 Gusinskii, Vladimir, 185, 189 heating fuel, 13-14, 28-29, 202 Hungarian revolution (1956), 83 Hungary, 76, 143 oil production, 67 exports to Soviet Union, 78 pipeline projects, 154 reparations to the Soviet Union, 77-79
246 Index India Iraq war (2003), 194 Soviet expons, 16, 59 Israel Indonesia, 198 Arab-Israeli war, 21, 106, 115 See also Organization of the Petroleum diplomatic relations with Soviet Union, Exporting Countries (OPEC) 116-17 infrastructure, 2, 108 oil trade, 82 pipelines as ‘friendship between nations’, Suez Crisis, 82 29, 101-2 Yom Kippur War, 21, 112, 115, 116 transportation problems, 124-26,137-40 Italy See also cross-border pipelines; natural gas production, 118 gas pipelines; oil pipelinies Neftesindikat, 57 instability in Eastern bloc, 83-84 Soviet gas, imports of, 111 Institute for World Economy and Soviet petroleum exports, 58 International Relations (IMEMO), Soviet raw materials, 81 132 International Barnsdall Corporation Japan concessions, 45, 47-52 concession rights, 52 international cooperation, 1,89-91, 212-14 international cooperation, 7, 113, 128, Bolshevik Russia, 3, 23 131, 139, 153 Brezhnev, 24 pipeline embargo, 99, 101, 138, 156 Soviet Russia, 7 Japanese Export-Import Bank, 146 See also international trade; joint ventures, 23, 174, 184-85, 198, 214 rapprochement between East and Neftesindikat, 57 West International Energy Agency (IEA), 115 Kazakhstan International Gas Union, 90 Lukoil, 198 international trade, 82-83 Kennan, George F., 73, 80 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail, 163, 181-82, 186, Anglo-Soviet agreement (1959), 93-95 oil embargo, 95 190-91, 197 Bolshevik Russia, 54-58 Khrushchev, Nikita, 24, 71, 80-83 CMEA states, 75-79 economic policy, 166, 212 Cold War, 72-80 failure of export strategy, 102-5 foreign exchange goods, 95 New Economic Policy, 84, 88
Stalin, 68-69 overthrow of, 104 See also international cooperation; reforms rapprochement between East and foreign trade, 88-92 West standard of living, 87-88 Iran, 14, 114, 143 Kohl, Helmuth, 173 Ayatollah Khomeini, 149, 152 Komsomol, 123-24 Shah Reza Pahlavi, 149 Kortunov, Aleksei, 90, 102-3, 107, 125, Soviet-Iranian-European triangular deal, 134 151-53 See also Glavgaz See also Organization of the Petroleum Kosygin, Aleksei, 104, 125-27, 129, Exporting Countries (OPEC) 134-35, 145, 147 Iran crisis (1946), 25, 67, 79 economic reforms, 167-68 Iranian revolution (1979), 152 natural gas pipelines, 153-54 Iran-Soviet negotiations (1967), 105 Krasin, Leonid, 39, 42, 49 Krzhizhanovskii, Gleb, 34, 50 Iran-Soviet relations energy sector cooperation, 149-53 Kuwait, 18, 21 See also Organization of the Petroleum natural gas reserves, 150 pipelines and transportation, 150-51 Exporting Countries (OPEC) Iraq, 14, 20-21, 143 Law on Cooperatives (1988), 168, 179-80 concession agreements, 197 Lebedev, Platon, 190 See also Organization of the Petroleum Lend-Lease Act, 3, 67, 73, 74 Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Index Lenin, Vladimir, 2, 31, 211 international cooperation, 3, 26 New Economic Policy, 38, 43, 168, 198 oil concessions, 37-38 See also Bolshevik Russia Libya gas production, 118, 149 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) liquefied natural gas (LNG), 11, 14-16, 206, 210 Lithuania, 204 Lloyd George, David, 39, 40, 43 low prices and agreements with Western oil companies, 54, 56, 60-61, 96-98, 173-74 Lukoil, 23, 181, 185, 194, 198 Maikop region, 40-41, 66 Malenkov, Georgii, 80 manufactured goods, 14, 70, 93-94, 102, 104, 212 Marshall Plan, 74-75, 76 Mason Day, Henry, 47-48 Medvezhe gas field, 107 Mexico, 114, 199 Mikoian, Anastas, 88-89 military importance of oil, 12-13, 59, 63-65, 70 military strength of Soviet Union, 141 Miller, Aleksei, 196 Ministry of Gas, 125, 126, 183 Ministry of Oil, 150, 170, 183 Molotov, Viacheslav, 65, 74, 75, 80 Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) status, 129-31, 145 multinational global corporations, emergence of, 16-18 Naftohas, 176 National Iranian Gas Company, 151 nationalisation of oil companies, 2, 18, 31, 36, 107, 198 Iran, 20 OPEC countries, 114 nationalism, growth of, 61, 175-76 NATO sanctions, 71-72, 98-102 Druzhba oil pipeline, 26, 72, 99 pipeline embargoes, 26, 99, 105, 117 natural gas, 14-16 natural gas exports, 10, 107-8, 140 Algeria, 108, 118, 149 Asia, to, 16 Europe, to, 108-9 USA, from, 14 See also infrastructure 247 natural gas fields exploitation by international companies, 163 new fields, 86 Tyumen, 107-8, 138 Ukraine, 108, 110 Volga-Urals region, 15, 86 Western Siberia, 3, 24, 26, 122, 124, 211 natural gas
pipelines, 15, 29, 108-11, 153-54, 159-61 international collaboration, 154-55 state-controlled pipelines, 184, 187 See also infrastructure natural resources, 1-2, 11 political and social identity in the Soviet Union, 28-30 re-centralisation under Putin, 192-200 White Army control over, 36-37 Nazi Germany, 3, 64-66, 199, 211 Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact (1939), 65 Neftesindikat, 54-58 neftianik (oilman), 63, 66, 67 neoliberalism, 176-85 New Economic Policy, 33-35 Khrushchev, 84, 88 Lenin, 38, 43, 168, 198 Nigeria, 150 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Nixon, Richard, 130-31 détente policy, 127, 130, 145 political rapprochement Brezhnev, 130, 145 Nobel brothers, 2 See also Branobel non-OPEC oil and gas production, 164 See also North Sea oil and gas; Norway; United States Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, 26, 206-9 North Sea oil and gas, 118, 193, 197 North Star project, 127-29, 131, 136, 146, 155 Norway oil and gas production, 164 Novatek, 184 Novikov, Vladimir, 93, 95 See also Gosplan nuclear power plants, 143 nuclear technology, 93, 191 Occidental Petroleum, 131 October Revolution (1917), 2, 23, 31, 44 oil as a ‘weapon’, 21-22, 64-65, 204-6 Russian-Ukrainian disputes, 204-10 oil as a diplomatic tool, 31, 203-4
248 Index oil extraction and processing, 2 oil fields Baku, 38 Caucasian oil fields, 3, 20-21, 47, 51 concession rights, 19, 42, 52 depletion of, 106, 169 Grozny, 31, 38 Iranian oil fields, 67, 71 strategic importance, 195 Volga-Urals, 3, 5, 15, 211 Western Siberia, 5 oil offensive, 59, 72, 96-98 oil pipelines, 2, 29, 138-40 cross-border pipeline system, 4, 53, 71-72, 84, 119, 206-9, See also cross-border pipelines state-controlled pipelines, 184, 187, See also infrastructure oil tankers, 2, 11, 108, 127-29, 184, 209 See also infrastructure oil transportation, 2, 108 See also cross-border pipelines; infrastructure; oil pipelines oil, importance of, 3, 10-16, 61 oligarchs, growing power and influence, 162-63, 181-82, 184, 185-90 Operation Barbarossa (1941), 66-67 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 18-21, 113-14 global oil crisis (1973-74), 21, 112 Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (ÖMV), 151 Ostpolitik, 117, 206 oversupply of oil, 21, 96 Patolichev, Nikolai, 100, 119, 120, 134 perestroika, 162 petrochemical industries, 121 Khrushchev, 70, 84-85, 87, 101-3 Podgornyi, Nikolai, 133 Poland, 12, 15, 34, 76, 143 coal sector, 24, 77 oil imports, 84, 144 pipelines, 16, 72 US pipeline embargo, 156, 157 worker protests, 144 worker uprising, 83 Second World War, 65, 118 political rapprochement Nixon and Brezhnev, 130, 145 See also Nixon, Richard; rapprochement between East and West post-Soviet economic crisis energy disputes, 205-6 reforms, failure of, 177-79 rouble crisis, 187 Russian oil production, 176 Poznan June (1956), 83 Prague Spring
(1968), 116 privatisation and liberalisation of Russian economy, 8, 168, 177-85, 187 gas industry, 183-84 oil industry, 182-83, 187 See also Gorbachev, Mikhail production rates, 73, 105 collapse of, 172 Grozny, 65 natural gas, 170-71 oil production, 169-70 collapse in oil prices, 171-72 cooperation with Western companies, 172-74 production sharing agreements (PSAs), 23, 185, 195, 198 production targets, 48, 61 oil offensive, 96-98 Stalin, 73, 78 Putin, Vladimir, 163, 214 Chechnia, 187, 189 energy policy, 191-200 re-centralisation of state, 187-91 state capitalism, 192-94 tax reforms, 192-94 Yeltsin, relationship with, 186 Qatar, 14, 16 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) railway network, 2, 13, 77, 193 rapprochement between East and West, 116, 117, 127 economic rapprochement, 119, 130 political rapprochement, 120-21 See also East-West trade détente Reagan, Ronald collapse of world oil prices, 163 embargo on pipeline technology, 156-58, 207 criticisms of, 156-59 re-centralisation of state, 187-91, 198 restrictions on exports, 16, 88, 90, 94, 117, 130 Rockefeller, John D., 17, 55-56 See also Standard Oil Romania, 76, 78, 81, 143 reparations to the Soviet Union, 77 Rosneft, 183, 190, 192, 194, 196-97 international activities, 197-200 Rothschild, 2, 17, 43
Index Royal Dutch Shell, 2, 17, 18, 23,41,43-45, 55 Russian-Ukrainian war, 210 Ruhrgas, 111, 118-19, 151 Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, X, 10, 16, 194, 204, 209-10 Russian Civil War, 3,20, 25, 31, 34-36, 37, 43, 58, 199-200, 203 Russian General Oil Corporation, 40 Russian Oil Products Ltd, 56 Sakhalin Peninsula, 52, 131, 140, 185 Sakhalin-2 gas project, 185, 195 See also production sharing agreements (PSAs) Samotlor oil field, 92 Saudi Arabia, 18, 19, 114, 163, 199 concession rights, 19 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Saudi Aramco, 18 Schmidt, Helmut, 153 Sechin, Igor, 192, 196 self-image/perception of Russia as a great power, 9, 28, 32, 45-47, 67, 91-93, 102-3, 203 self-sufficiency. See autarky Serebrovskii, Aleksandr, 48-51, 55-56 See also Azneft ‘Seven Sisters’, 17, 107 Sherman Antitrust Act 1906 (USA), 17 Siberian campaign, 147-49 Sibneft, 183, 190, 197 Sinclair Oil Corporation concessions, 52 Sinopec, 18 Sino-Russian relations, 11, 18, 190 export of oil to China, 16, 57, 204 international trade, 76 Soviet embargoes, 82 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), support for, 201 Sobchak, Anatolii, 191 social-utopianism, 2, 32, 33-34, 36 society and ‘hydrocarbon man’, 21-22 Soviet industrialisation, 27 Soviet Russia, 28 Stalin, 27 Tsarist Russia, 26 Soiuz pipeline, 29, 155 Soiuzgazeksport, 151, 155 Soiuzneft, 49, 59 Soiuznefteeksport, 59, 96, 119 South Africa Soviet exports, 59 249 South Stream pipeline project, 206 Soviet net energy exports, 109, 160 Soviet-Iranian-European triangular deal, 151-53 Soviet-West German
economic relations, 117-21 natural gas deals, 112 Sowjetische Mineralölverwaltung (Soviet Mineral Oil Administration) (SMV), 78 space race, 92 Spain Neftesindikat, 57 Soviet petroleum exports, 58 Spies Petroleum Company, 45 Stalin, Joseph, 3, 24, 28, 35, 36 death, 62, 71, 77, 80, 87 de-Stalinisation, 87-88 international trade, 68 production targets, 73, 78-80 purges, 61-62 Second World War, 64-66, 211 Standard Oil, 16-17 See also Rockefeller, John D. Standard Oil of New Jersey, 44, 45, 55, 97 See also Exxon Mobil Standard Oil of New York, 54 state-controlled planned economy, 4, 23, 93, 135, 166-69, 174, 178, 194-200, 214 Suez crisis (1956), 21, 82, 115 superpower status, 141-42 Sweden, 81 gas pipelines, 108 Neftesindikat, 57 pipeline embargo, 99, 101 Syria oil exports to Soviet Union, 107 Yom Kippur War, 21, 112, 115, 116 tax revenues, 163, 164, 178, 182, 192, 193-94, 200 Trade Act of 1974 (USA), 145^46 trade restrictions, 16, 88, 90, 94, 117, 130 Transneft, 184, 187 Tsarist Russia, 22-23, 36, 37 Baku region, 36, 37 Grozny region, 36 presence of British companies, 41 society and ‘hydrocarbon man’, 26 Turkey Neftesindikat, 57 Russo-Turkish relations, 57, 59 export of oil to Turkey, 11,16 pipelines, 150 Turkish Stream project, 206
250 Index Turkish Stream project, 206 Turkmen gas, 176 Turkmenistan trade with, 176 two-camp theory, 74-76 Ukraine European reliance on Soviet oil and gas, 204-10 natural gas fields, 108, 110 oil as a ‘weapon’, 204-10 Russia’s war of aggression, x, 10,16,194, 204, 209-10 British Petroleum (BP), 210 Exxon Mobil, 210 Royal Dutch Shell, 210 Russian-Ukrainian gas crises, 204-6 Ukrainian SSR gas shut-off, 112, 145 pipelines, 108, 110 UN Security Council, 191 United Front, 45 United Kingdom concession agreements, 42-44, 46 embargoes on Soviet oil, 95, 96, 98 ‘gas-for-pipes’, 154 Khrushchev, 89-90 Neftesindikat, 56 Soviet petroleum exports, 59 Soviet raw materials, 81 uranium exports, 11 Urengoi gas field, 4, 26, 107, 127 pipelines, 154-55, 158-60, 206 Urengoi-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline, 159 US Export-Import bank, 130, 146 US sanctions pipeline projects, 206-8 Reagan administration, 4, 26 United States discovery of new fields, 60 natural gas, 14 natural gas exports, 14 production, 114-15 Soviet concessions, 45-47 International Barnsdall Corporation, 47-52 US Export-Import bank, 130, 146 US sanctions pipeline projects, 206-8 Reagan administration, 4, 26 Uzbekistan Lukoil, 198 pipelines, 103 Venezuela, 10, 18, 96, 114, 199 See also Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Volga-Urals region, 3, 67, 211 voucher privatisation, 180-81, 182 vulnerability of the Russian economy, 200 Warsaw Pact military parity with NATO, 141 weapons production, 93, 116, 191 West Germany. See Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) Western sanctions on Russia, 71-72, 98-101, 200 pipeline projects,
206-8 Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, 209-10 Western Siberian oil and gas, 122-25, 133-34, 147-49, 212 whale oil, 12 wheat shortages in Soviet Union imports, 36, 122 See also agricultural policy and mismanagement; famine Witte, Count Sergei, 1-2, 29 world market prices, 59-61, 112, 113, 132, 140-41 Iranian revolution, 152 OPEC, 18, 21 First World War, impact of, 39, 41-42 Second World War, 3, 65-68, 199, 211 consumerism, 22 gas industry, 15 natural resources, political and social identity, 28 Yakutia Project, 128, 131, 146 Yamburg gas field, 107 Yeltsin, Boris, 162, 175, 187 Yom Kippur War (1973), 21, 112, 115, 116 Yugoslavia exclusion from Cominform, 75, 82, 204 Soviet embargoes, 82, 204 Yukos, 23, 163, 181, 182-83, 190, 197 bankruptcy, 190 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Perović, Jeronim 1971- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1058669176 |
| author_facet | Perović, Jeronim 1971- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Perović, Jeronim 1971- |
| author_variant | j p jp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049814797 |
| classification_rvk | NW 2425 NW 4200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1466901121 (DE-599)BVBBV049814797 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1 editio |
| era | Geschichte 1917- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1917- |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV049814797 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-14T09:01:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781009449144 9781009449106 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035155107 |
| oclc_num | 1466901121 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | xii, 250 Seiten Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20241203 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Perović, Jeronim 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)1058669176 aut Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin Jeronim Perović Cambridge ; New York, NY ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore Cambridge University Press 2024 xii, 250 Seiten Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis und Register: Seite 215-250 "A very timely study of Russia's emergence as a global energy power from the Russian Revolution to the present day. It reveals how Russian exports shaped global energy flows as well as how international trade impacted the fabric of the country's foreign relations and, ultimately, the course of Russian history." Geschichte 1917- gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Energieexport (DE-588)4616736-5 gnd rswk-swf Erdölhandel (DE-588)4152693-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Petroleum industry and trade / Russia / History Petroleum industry and trade / Soviet Union / History Petroleum industry and trade / Russia (Federation) / History Russia / Foreign relations Soviet Union / Foreign relations Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations Power resources / History Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Erdölhandel (DE-588)4152693-4 s Energieexport (DE-588)4616736-5 s Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1917- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00-944909-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Perović, Jeronim 1971- Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Energieexport (DE-588)4616736-5 gnd Erdölhandel (DE-588)4152693-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4616736-5 (DE-588)4152693-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin |
| title_auth | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin |
| title_exact_search | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin |
| title_full | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin Jeronim Perović |
| title_fullStr | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin Jeronim Perović |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fuel and power energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin Jeronim Perović |
| title_short | Fuel and power |
| title_sort | fuel and power energy trade and russian foreign relations from lenin to putin |
| title_sub | energy, trade and Russian foreign relations from Lenin to Putin |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Energieexport (DE-588)4616736-5 gnd Erdölhandel (DE-588)4152693-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Energieexport Erdölhandel Russland Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035155107&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT perovicjeronim fuelandpowerenergytradeandrussianforeignrelationsfromlenintoputin |