Three forts on the Tay: excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17
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2023
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| Beschreibung: | xvi, 313 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 30 cm |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Strachan, David |d 1966- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1016708505 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Three forts on the Tay |b excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 |c David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren ; with contributions by Anne Crone, Rob Engl, Carla Ferreira [and 11 others] |
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| 300 | |a xvi, 313 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten |c 30 cm | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a McLaren, Dawn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Crone, Anne |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Engl, Rob |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ferreira, Carla |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Table of Contents List of Figures. v List of Tables. xi Acknowledgements.xiii List of Contributors. xv 1. Introduction. 1 David Strachan 1.1 Background to the project.1 1.2 Topography, geology and rivers. 3 Topography.3 Solid geology. 4 Drift
geology. 5 Rivers. 6 1.3 The later prehistory of the area. 7 1.4 Previous fort studies in the area. 7 The 18th and 19th centuries. 7 David Christison - pioneer of Scottish fort studies. 10 The 20th century to the present. 11 1.5 The nature of the Tay fort group. 13 1.6 Wider Iron Age settlement evidence. 14 1.7 Preliminary work. 18 1.8
Research agenda.18 2. Moncreiffe fort. 20 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren 2.1 Introduction: the site and its environs. 20 Pre-excavation survey. 23 2.2 Excavation results. 23 Methodology.23 The enclosing ramparts. 26 Entrances. 33 Internal occupation and deposit. 33 2.3 The radiocarbon
dates.37 2.4 The artefacts. 39 The ceramics. 39 The coarse stone.40 The worked shale and related materials. 44 The vitrified material. 45 The chipped stone. 45 Overview of the finds. 46 2.5 Discussion of the excavation results. 46 Location. 46 The nature of
enclosure. 47 Access. 49 Internal use.49 Chronology and phasing. 49 2.6 Conclusions. 50 3. Moredun fort: survey and excavation results. 51 David Strachan and Martin Cook 3.1 Introduction: the site and its environs. 51 Pre-excavation survey.55 Geophysical survey. 56
3.2 Excavation results. 58 Methodology and objectives. 58 Mound A: the monumental roundhouse. 59 The enclosing ramparts: В and C. 76 Annexe D rampart. 81 The inner oval fort, Wall E. 85 The internal occupation of the forts. 97 3.3 The radiocarbon dates. 106 3.4 Discussion of the excavation results. 109 Location. 109 Pre-enclosure hilltop
occupation?. . Ill The nature of enclosure. 113 Access.116 Internal use. 117 Chronology and phasing. 118 3.5 Conclusions. 120 Codicil: Structural timberwork - a case for horizontal timber battens in the dry-stone wall-faces at Moredun wall E. 120 Introduction. 120 Structural timberwork. 120
Conclusion.123 4. Moredun fort: the small finds. 125 Dawn McLaren 4.1 Introduction. 125 4.2 The prehistoric ceramics. 125 Introduction. 125 The pottery. 125 4.3 The glass. 129 4.4 The metals. 129 Distribution. 129
Discussion.131 4.5 The zoomorphic ring-headed pin. 132 The form - ring-headed pins. 132 The decoration - early Celtic art. 135 Deposition. 136 4.6 The metal-working waste and associated vitrified materials. 136 Methodology. 136 Classification. 137 Iron-working waste. 137 Undiagnostic.138 Contextual
analysis. 141 4.7 The worked shale and related materials.145 4.8 The chipped stone. 150 4.9 The coarse stone tools. 151 Introduction. 151 Food processing. 152 Tools.155 Household equipment. 161 Personal items and leisure.162 Miscellaneous. 164
Discussion of the worked stone. 168 4.10 The wooden bowl and other waterlogged wood. 170 4.11 The worked bone and antler. 171 4.12 Discussion of the small finds assemblage. 172 4.13 Conclusions. 173 ii
5. Moredun: environmental evidence. 174 David Strachan (ed.) Lynne Roy, Jackaline Robertson, Rebecca Watts, Dawn McLaren,Richard Tipping, Danny Paterson, Eileen Tisdall, and Carla Ferreira 5.1 Introduction. 174 5.2 Soil micromorphology. 174 Methodology. 174 Results. 174 Conclusions. 178 5.3 The environmental remains. 179 Results. 179 The charcoal
assemblage. 180 The bone assemblage. 180 Discussion.180 Conclusions from the ecofacts. 184 5.4 The human remains. 184 Introduction.184 Results. 185 5.5 Palynological and sedimentological analyses of off-site environments. 186 The pollen site and pollen recruitment. 186 Results and Interpretations. 190
Discussion. 196 Conclusions. 198 5.6 Discussion of sections 5.3 and 5.5. 198 6. Castle Law, Abernethy. 200 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren 6.1 Introduction: the site and its environs.200 The Victorian excavations. 202 Pre-excavation survey. 204 6.2 Excavation results. 206 Research objectives.206 Methodology and
results. 207 6.3 The radiocarbon dates. 216 6.4 The artefacts. 217 Introduction. 217 The assemblage. 217 The antiquarian assemblage. 219 Vehicle equipment. 221 Chronology and context. 223 Animal bone analysis.224 Discussion. 225 6.5
Discussion of the excavation results. 227 Location. 227 The architecture of enclosure. 228 Access. 229 Internal use: domestic and ritual. 231 External works and water management. 233 Chronology and phasing. 233 6.6 Conclusion. 234 Codicil: Additional notes on the structural timberwork. 234 7. Discussion and conclusions. 237 David Strachan, Stratford
Halliday, and Martin Cook 7.1 Introduction and background. 237 7.2 Landscape and contemporary settlement. 237 7.3 Type, size, and vallation. 240 Type.240 Size of enclosure and vallation. 241 iii
Defence or display?. 243 7.4 The architecture of enclosure: the nature of construction.244 Moncreiffe and the Moredun Ramparts В and C forts. 245 Moredun Annexe D rampart. 245 The timber-laced walls at Castle Law, Abernethy and Moredun in wider perspective. 245 7.5 The logistics of construction. 249 Sources of stone: bedrock modification and the use of Old Red Sandstone. 249 Who built the forts?. 251 Access: entrances and the landscape. 251 7.6 Interior space: the function of forts. 251 Domestic
structures. 252 Agriculture, rivers and estuary. 252 Industry. 254 Symbols of power or statements of community?. 254 Ritual and ceremony. 254 7.7 Chronology and taphonomy. 255 Taphonomy and terminus post quem. 255 Summary of the radiocarbon dates. 256 Abernethy, Moredun Wall E and the dating the timber-laced, oblong forts. 258 End of use. 259 The (lack of) early medieval
activity?. 259 7.8 Lessons learned and research potential. 260 7.9 Management and presentation. 261 7.10 Conclusions. 262 References. 265 Appendices. 281 Appendix A: Archaeological sites in the area. 281 Appendix B: Moncreiffe small finds catalogue. 285 The ceramics (Dawn McLaren). 285 The coarse stone (Dawn McLaren). 285 The worked shale and related materials (Fraser
Hunter). 287 The chipped stone (Rob Engl). 287 The vitrified material (Dawn McLaren).288 Appendix C: Moredun small finds catalogue. 289 The ceramic (Dawn McLaren). 289 Ceramic objects (Dawn McLaren). 290 Iron (Dawn McLaren). 290 Copper alloy (Fraser Hunter and Dawn McLaren).291 The chipped stone (Rob Engl). 292 The coarse stone tools (Dawn McLaren). 292 The worked shale and related materials (Fraser Hunter). 300 Worked bone (Fraser
Hunter). 301 Appendix D: Castle Law, Abernethy, small finds catalogue. 303 PART 1: The 2017 small finds (Dawn McLaren). 303 PART 2: The antiquarian assemblage (Dawn McLaren). 304 Index. 308 iv
List of Figures 1. Introduction Figure 1.1: The central east coast of Scotland showing Moncreiffe Hill, Abernethy, sites from the Atlas of Hillforts ofBritain and Ireland. 2 Figure 1.2: Some of the 338 project volunteers with staff from Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust and AOC Archaeology Group. 3 Figure 1.3: Moncreiffe Hill dominating head of the Tay estuary: a late 19th-century view from Newburgh. 4 Figure 1.4: The solid geology of the area showing all three sites occurring on outcrops of the Ochil Volcanic Formation above Old Red Sandstone deposits of the Glenvale Formation. 5 Figure 1.5: Complex drift geology with mainly glacifluvial sand and gravel overlain by late glacial estuarine deposits. 6 Figure 1.6: Sites from the Atlas ofHillforts (Lock and Ralston 2017) showing excavated examples in chronological order. 8 Figure 1.7: ‘MacBeth’s Castle’ on Dunsinane Hill.9 Figure 1.8: The complex series of forts on Castle Law,
Forgandenny. 9 Figure 1.9: The hilltop inland promontory fort on Ben Effrey. 12 Figure 1.10: SERF excavations of the oval, uni-vallate hilltop contour fort of Rossie Law. 12 Figure 1.11: The internal area of forts shown in Figure 1.6 based on Lock and Ralston (2017). 14 Figure 1.12: Comparative plans of selected forts within 10 km of Moredun fort. 15 Figure 1.13: Comparative plans of selected forts shown in Figure 1.6 beyond 10 km ofMoredun fort. 16 Figure 1.14: Topographic position of the forts shown in Figure 1.6. 17 Figure 1.15: The relative heights above sea-level (OD) of the forts in Figure 1.6. 17 2. Moncreiffe fort Figure 2.1: The location of the Moncreiffe (1) and Moredun (2) forts on Moncreiffe Hill, with possible Iron Age sites in the immediate area (Appendix A),. 21 Figure 2.2: Aerial view of Moncreiffe fort. 22 Figure 2.3: The OS 1st Edition 25-inch map of
1863.22 Figure 2.4: The OS 1:2,500 revision of 1966 first recognised the west entrance and suggested the east entrance. 22 Figure 2.5: The Oxford North Archaeology survey from 2012. 23 Figure 2.6: The 2014 laser-scan topographic survey indicating the lines of possible entrances identified. 24 Figure 2.7: View of the south-east of the fort, taken from the east, showing the modern path cut into the profile on the left and the proposed original entrance. 24 Figure 2.8: Geophysical survey results: magnetic (above), and resistivity (below).25 Figure 2.9: The topographic survey showing the trench layout and the lines of Ramparts A-D. 26 Figure 2.10: Rampart A [119] outer face [104] in Trench 1. 27 Figure 2.11: Platform [110] and slot [112] to the right and collapse [102] and Rampart A in the centre, looking north-east across Trench 1.28 Figure 2.12: Working shot of Rampart A [210] showing the inner stone facing [209] in the foreground with the outer stone facing [203]
beyond. 28 Figure 2.13: The outer stone face [203] of Rampart A [210] in Trench 2. 29 Figure 2.14: The inner stone face [209] of Rampart A [210] in Trench 2. 29 Figure 2.15: Rampart В [1014] in Trench la looking to the south-east. 30 Figure 2.16: Rampart В [2004], Rampart C [2005] and Rampart D [2006] with terraced foundations of bedrock [2003] in Trench 2, looking west. 31 Figure 2.17: Plans of Trench la showing Ramparts В, C and D. 32 Figure 2.18: Plans of Trench 2a showing Ramparts В, C and D. 32 Figure 2.19: Sections through Trenches 1 and 2 detailing Ramparts А, В, C and D. 34 Figure 2.20: Trench 4 plans and section showing details of the manipulated bedrock entrance [412] with Ramparts A and В to the north. 35 Figure 2.21: The western entrance [412] showing cut bedrock
[433]. 35 Figure 2.22: Trench 3 showing the overburden [303] overlying a bedrock cut channel 306. 36 Figure 2.23: The area of possible paving [307 and 309] in Trench 3.36 Figure 2.24: Trench 5 plan and section showing bedrock [502], glacial till [504], colluvial hill wash deposit [503] and turf/topsoil [501]. 37
Figure 2.25: Chronological model for the radiocarbon dates from Moncreiffe. 38 Figure 2.26: Span of the Iron Age activity at Moncreiffe. The probability distribution is derived from the chronological model shown in Figure 2.25. 38 Figure 2.27: Sample of sherds representing Vessel 2 from [1005]: a) body sherd (SF1026), b) body sherd (SF1030), c) basal angle sherd (SF1030). 40 Figure 2.28: The fragmentary and heat-affected saddle quern (SF221). 41 Figure 2.29: A selection of coarse stone, shale and struck lithics: a) stone lamp (SF412), b) grinder (SF220), c) spindle whorl (SF2001), d) shale bangle fragment (SF302), e) jet bead fragment (SF01), f) flint arrowhead (SF1017), g) core-rejuvenation flake (SF1018). 42 Figure 2.30: Heavy-duty stone maul (SF409). Note pecked notches for halting on opposing long edges. 43 Figure 2.31: A suggested reconstruction of the sequence of ramparts А-D based on Trench 1. 48 Figure 2.32: A reconstruction of the fort: multi-vallate with two entrances and in a dramatic location overlooking lower Strathearn (artist Chris
Mitchell).48 3. Moredun fort: survey and excavation results Figure 3.1: The location of Moncreiffe and Moredun forts on Moncreiffe Hill, and possible Iron Age sites in the immediate area (Appendix A). 52 Figure 3.2: Aerial view of Moredun showing successive circuits of fortification. 53 Figure 3.3: The OS 1st edition map of 1863 showing only the inner enclosure.53 Figure 3.4: The site as mapped by Christison. 53 Figure 3.5: The RCAHMS survey of 1953. 54 Figure 3.6: The 2012 survey by Oxford North Archaeology showing the scheduled area. 55 Figure 3.7: The 2014 RCAHMS survey. 56 Figure 3.8: The magnetic survey of 2013-14. 57 Figure 3.9: The resistivity survey from 2013-15.57
Figure 3.10: The trench plan 2015-17. 58 Figure 3.11: Plan of the monumental roundhouse in Trench 1 and Trench C. 60 Figure 3.12: Elevations of the surviving walls of the monumental roundhouse in Trench C. 60 Figure 3.13: Trench 1 in 2015 showing wall [124] with external terraced bedrock to the left. 61 Figure 3.14: Trench C in 2016 showing the outline of the outer face of the wall [C003/2016 and COlO/2016] and the entrance containing an area of burning [C018/2016]. 61 Figure 3.15: Terraced bedrock in Trench 1 (2015) with lower courses of surviving wall [124] at the top. 62 Figure 3.16: Detail of pecked bedrock in Trench 1. 62 Figure 3.17: Detail of pecked bedrock in Trench 1. 63 Figure 3.18: The deposit fine quarry rubble [114] at the base of the terraced bedrock [108] in Trench 1 (2015). 63 Figure 3.19: The external façade of the monumental roundhouse wall [C010/2016], constructed onto bedrock [C011/2016] above a cut step, in Trench C. 64 Figure 3.20:
Detail of the surviving outer wall-face [103] on the left and core material [116] in Trench 1.64 Figure 3.21: Detail of the surviving outer wall-face [103] in Trench 1.65 Figure 3.22: Wall tumble [C006/2016] above the bedrock in the east section of Trench C in 2016 showing manipulation of the bedrock [C011/2016] into a stepped form.65 Figure 3.23: External face of the monumental roundhouse wall [COlO/2016] showing incorporation of cupmarked stones [C014 and C015/2016] with other possible rock art. 66 Figure 3.24: Detail of entrance [C008/2016] of the monumental roundhouse during excavation. 68 Figure 3.25: Entrance [C008/2016] showing the north-facing entrance passage [C008/2016] with possible vertical timber slot at the corner with the building’s external façade [COlO/2016] to the right, and wall core [C007/2016] above. 68 Figure 3.26: The north-facing façade of the entrance passage [C008/2016] detailing the use of both Old Red Sandstone and local stone built, with the wall constructed directly onto the bedrock. 69 Figure 3.27: The south-facing entrance passage façade [C008/2016] during excavation, detailing use of Old Red Sandstone and the possible vertical timber slot
towards the external face of the building [C003/20Ï6] 69 Figure 3.28: The interior corner of the north-facing entrance passage [C006/2017] and internal face of the roundhouse wall [C005/2017]. 70 Figure 3.29: Detail of the possible vertical timber slot at the southern outer corner of the exterior of the entrance [C008/2016] with heat-affected stone in the entrance passage. 70 Figure 3.30: Detail of the possible vertical timber slot at the north entrance corner [C003/2016]. 71 Figure 3.31: Charcoal deposit [C015/2017] to the west of entrance [C008/2017]. 71 vi
Figure 3.32: Area of burning and heat-affected soils and stone [C018/2016] at the interior of the entrance passage in 2016.72 Figure 3.33: Tumble across the interior of the monumental roundhouse, abutting the internal face [C005/2017] of the wall [C001/2017]. 72 Figure 3.34: Mid-excavation of the internal face [C005/2017] of the wall [C001/2017] in background, showing the hearth [C020/2017] to the right of the section line, and material underlying the hearth [C024/2017]. 73 Figure 3.35: Post-excavation showing the internal wall face [C005/2017] and the hearth [C020/2017] overlying burnt in situ floor deposits [С019/2017] and levelling deposit [C027/2017] overlying the bedrock. 73 Figure 3.36: Post-excavation showing the internal wall face [C005/2017]; hearth [C020/2017]; floor deposits [C019/2017]; levelling deposit [C027/2017] and flat stones [C028/2017] overlying the bedrock. 74 Figure 3.37: In situ burnt bone points (SFC012) below the possible destruction layer [0013/2017]. 74 Figure 3.38: Detail of charred timbers [С016В/2017] from beside the hearth, possibly the remains of a timber
roof. 75 Figure 3.39: The plan of Trench 2 showing Ramparts В and C. 77 Figure 3.40: Section through Trench 2 showing Ramparts В and C. 78 Figure 3.41: The inner face [209] of Rampart C [203], overlying the old ground surface [202] and bedrock. 79 Figure 3.42: The outer face [206] of Rampart C [203] constructed directly onto the bedrock. 79 Figure 3.43: Collapse [206] of Rampart C [203] located on a tumbled stone deposit [214]. 80 Figure 3.44: A charcoal-rich occupation deposit [229] directly underlying deposit [225], which was apparently cut away for the construction of Rampart C.80 Figure 3.45: Section through Trench E detailing Rampart C, with upper deposit [001] and lower deposit [OlO].81 Figure 3.46: Internal face [E005] of Rampart В [E011] showing crushed stone [E016] and base of the stone facing. .82 Figure 3.47: Rampart В [204], showing the inner facing [227] and stone core [226]. 82 Figure 3.48: Plan and sections of the rampart of Annexe D in Trench
3. 83 Figure 3.49: Aerial of the rampart of Annexe D in Trench 3 showing the inner, median and outer faces from left to right. 83 Figure 3.50: The internal face [313] of the rampart of Annexe D [325] in Trench 3, from the east. 84 Figure 3.51: The external face [305] of the rampart of Annexe D [325] in Trench 3, from the west. 84 Figure 3.52: The internal face [313] of the rampart of Annexe D on the left, with the median and outer faces in the centre and right respectively. Trench 3 from the north-east. 85 Figure 3.53: The truncated remnants of the Annexe D rampart in Trench E.86 Figure 3.54: Post-excavation plan and sections of Wall E in Trench 4. 87 Figure 3.55: Plan of the surviving Wall E in Trench A showing the internal and external faces, the area of paving, and sondages excavated. 88 Figure 3.56: Plan of Trench A pre-excavation, detailing possible hut-circle features identified in survey.89 Figure 3.57: A vertical aerial view of the
innermost oval fort E with Trench A over Wall E open in 2017. 90 Figure 3.58: Area of paving [A123] and linear cut [A127] exposed abutting the inner face of Wall E in Trench A [Alli].90 Figure 3.59: Mid-excavation view of Trench 4 showing the Wall E [406] at the top of the frame, with upcast material [405] from the earlier, unrecorded excavation. 91 Figure 3.60: Section through the upcast material [A106] from the earlier excavation in Trench 4. 91 Figure 3.61: Detail of the external face [402 and 419] of Wall E [401] in Trench 4. 92 Figure 3.62: The external face [402 and 419] of Wall E [401] with bedrock foundation. 92 Figure 3.63: The external facing [402 and 419] of Wall E [401] with collapsed core material [403] to the exterior. 93 Figure 3.64: The internal face of Wall E with the core material and outer face in Trench A.93 Figure 3.65: Elevations of the external (above) and internal (below) faces of Wall E in Trench A, detailing the use of Old Red Sandstone, the timber sockets and the bedrock foundation. 94 Figure 3.66: The external face of the wall of Wall E in Trench A showing
the use of Old Red Sandstone and the horizontal slot indicated by the supporting timber pegs. 94 Figure 3.67: Detail of the external face of Wall E in Trench A illustrating the use of Old Red Sandstone, the sockets of transverse timbers and the possible horizontal slot, and the sondage to identify the foot of the wall 95 Figure 3.68: The notable batter on the external face of the Wall E in Trench A.95 Figure 3.69: Detail of the internal face of Wall E in Trench A, showing bedrock at the base, and sockets for transversal timbers. 96 vii
Figure 3.70: A vertical aerial view of Wall E in Trench A in 2017, showing the internal and external wall faces (below and above respectively) and the area of paving [A120] on top of the surviving wall. 97 Figure 3.71: Stone setting of paving [A120] on top of Wall E [A 111] in Trench A. 98 Figure 3.72: Mid-excavation view of the northern possible roundhouse [A003] and . 99 Figure 3.73: Mid-excavation view of the possible southern roundhouse [A004] and its interior. 100 Figure 3.74: Plan of the stone-walled roundhouse in Trench В. 101 Figure 3.75: Sections through the roundhouse in Trench В. 102 Figure 3.76: The arc of the roundhouse bank in Trench В [ВООЗ] with the soil deposit [B006] within the interior (left) and collapsed tumble [B005] to the exterior (right) as detailed on Figure 3.74. 102 Figure 3.77: The exposed external face of the roundhouse wall [B005] showing slippage at north end. 103 Figure 3.78: The inner wall face of the roundhouse wall [ВОЮ] revealed in the east side of Slot Bl. 103 Figure 3.79: Plan of Trench D, including a rock-cut cistern [D109/D111]; an enclosing wall or bank [D107/ D004], and a palisaded enclosure [D105] and
[D008]. 104 Figure 3.80: Sections of Trench D detailing including a rock-cut cistern [D109/D111], an enclosing wall or bank [D107/D004], and a palisaded enclosure [D105] and [D008]. 104 Figure 3.81: Detail view of rock-cut cistern [D109]. 105 Figure 3.82: Rock-cut face of the cistern [D109] in Trench D.105 Figure 3.83: Pre-excavation spread of tumbled stone [005] at the west end of Trench D. 106 Figure 3.84: The possible enclosure wall [D107] around the rock-cut cistern [D109] excavated. 106 Figure 3.85: Spread of tumbled stone [D005] and palisade slot [D008] in Trench D. 106 Figure 3.86: Detail of the collapsed wall [D004] and possible stone platform [D108] at the east of Trench D.106 Figure 3.87: Chronological model for the radiocarbon dates from Moredun. The model is as described in Figure 2.25. 108 Figure 3.88: Span of the Iron Age activity at Moredun. The probability distribution is derived from the chronological model shown in Figure
3.87. 108 Figure 3.89: The relative altitude (m above OD) of sites in the environs of Moncreiffe Hill. 110 Figure 3.90: A suggested reconstruction of Ramparts C and В based on Trench 2. 114 Figure 3.91: A suggested reconstruction of rampart D based on Trench 3. 114 Figure 3.92: An isometric reconstruction of the external face of Wall E showing the excavated façade in Trench A (dark grey) and suggested structural timbers.115 Figure 3.93: The probable original entrance through Rampart C on the south-east of the fort revealed during tree clearance by the project in 2015. 117 Figure 3.94: Possible phasing of Moredun. 119 Figure 3.95: Photo montage of the external face of Wall E. 122 Figure 3.96: Photo montage of the internal face of Wall E. 122 4. Moredun fort: the small finds Figure 4.1: Selection of ceramic sherds. None were found to rejoin, a) body sherd V5, b) body sherd
V7, c) body sherd V8, d) body sherds from V9, e) body sherd from large vessel with horizontal linear impressions V12, f) body sherd and basal angle sherd from large thick-walled vessel V15, g) large body sherd from V16. 127 Figure 4.2: Spherical clay gaming pieces, a) SFC005, b) SFC007. 128 Figure 4.3: The glass bead (SFB019) from the roundhouse (Trench B).129 Figure 4.4: A selection of the iron objects a) fine chisel tip (SFA113a), b) twisted and perforated iron strip fragments (SFA113b and SFA118), c) a small iron nail or tack (SFA126), d) a folded iron strip fragment (SFA132), e) a ring fragment (SFC111) and f) the perforated edging from a robust object (SFA153). 130 Figure 4.5: The twisted and perforated iron strip fragments (SFA113b and SFA114) after conservation. 130 Figure 4.6: Copper alloy repair patch for the rim of wooden vessel (SFC060). 131 Figure 4.7: The zoomorphic ring-headed pin (Copyright NMS). 132 Figure 4.8: The zoomorphic ring-headed pin. 133 Figure 4.9: Photogrammetry render of zoomorphic ring-headed
pin. 134 Figure 4.10: The Torrs pony cap. 134 Figure 4.11: Detail of repoussé bird-based design on the cap of the Torrs pony cap. 134 Figure 4.12: Detail of the bird head terminal of one of the horns of the Torrs pony cap. 135 Figure 4.13: Shale working debris. Gathered materials and blanks: a) SFA073 and b) SFC057. 145 Figure 4.14: Shale working debris. Perforated roughouts: a) SFA116, b) early stage roughout SFA169, c) three joining fragments of knife-cut roughout SFA010, d) roughout with sub-rectangular section SFA020, e) outer edge fragment from gouged roughout SFA026.146 viii
Figure 4.15: Shale working debris. Final finishing and bracelets: a) spall from near complete bangle (SF206), b) bangle broken in final stages of polishing (SFC044), c) two joining fragments of D-sectioned bangle fragment (SFA096/A112), d) repaired bangle (SFA120), e) repaired bangle with part of mount still surviving (SFC003), f) lentoid-sectioned bangle fragment (SFC004), g) repaired bangle fragment (SFCO12), h) repaired bangle fragment (SFCO3O), i) ring-pendant roughout (SFA017). 147 Figure 4.16: Main stages of shale working chaîne opératoire: a) gathered and shaped block of shale (SFA073), b) early stage perforated roughout (SFA169), c) late stage roughout fragment (SFA020), d) bangle fragment (SFC004). 148 Figure 4.17: Details of repairs observed on shale bangles: a) fragment showing perforation to take a bracket (SFC030), b) iron mount in situ on SFCOO3, c) re-shaped squared end of fragment SFA120, d) re-shaped with bevelled edges to make the bangle easier to put on (SFCO12). 148 Figure 4.18: Selection of chipped stone objects displaying secondary retouch: a) SFA114, b) SFA007, c) SFB015. 150 Figure 4.19: Food processing tools: a) saddle quern SFC005, b) rubbing stone SFC049.153 Figure 4.20: Corner fragment from a sandstone saddle quern
(SFC053). 153 Figure 4.21: Food processing tools: rotary quern fragment SFA018. 154 Figure 4.22: Cobble tools, grinders: a) SF101, b) SFA127, c) SFA086. 155 Figure 4.23: Cobble tools, pounders and hammerstones: a) pounder SFA014, b) pounder SFA021, c) hammerstone SFA141. 156 Figure 4.24: Strike-a-light (SFB007). 158 Figure 4.25: Sharpening stones a) SF605 andb) SFCO15. 159 Figure 4.26: Grinding stones a) SFA103 and b) SFB008.160 Figure 4.27: Spindle whorls and beads: a) spindle whorl SFB013, b) possible whorl roughout SFB011, c) stone bead SF120. 160 Figure 4.28: Stone lamps: a) SFA032, b) SFA039, c) SFB014, d) SFC020.161 Figure 4.29: Pivot stone
SFC014. 162 Figure 4.30: Cup-marked slab (SFC019).163 Figure 4.31: Cup-marked slab SFC019. 163 Figure 4.32: Cup-marked slab (SFE016).163 Figure 4.33: Cup-marked slabs in situ (Trench C). 164 Figure 4.34: Stone discs: a) small stone counter (SF600), b) possible weight roughout (GF 100), c) small sandstone disc (SF301), d) edge fragment from small sandstone disc (SF305). 165 Figure 4.35: Diagram showing the percentage of the stone assemblage by area of excavation.167 Figure 4.36: Objects of worked bone: a) perforated bone roundel (SF132), b) set of bone points (SFC012). 170 Figure 4.37: The worked bone roundel post-conservation (SF132). 171 Figure 4.38: Detail of the wear observed on the tip of the bone points. 171 5.
Moredun: environmental evidence Figure 5.1: Photomicrographs in Plane Polarised Light (PPL). 176 Figure 5.2: View of the pond looking north to the ridge of Grange Hill in May 2018. 187 Figure 5.3: Age-depth model for the sediments at Grange Hill generated by BACON, showing (a) the positions of the calibrated 14C assays, the 95% probability date range constrained within black dotted lines, all probable age-depth models in grey, darker areas with increasing probability and the best model based on the weighted mean average by the dotted line, (b) the number of MCMC iterations in the model; (c) prior (curve) and posterior (histogram) distributions for accumulation rate estimates and (d) the ‘memory’ in accumulation rate estimations. 189 Figure 5.4: Carbon contents and particle size data. 191 Figure 5.5: The complete percentage-based pollen record with four local pollen assemblage (Ipa) zones. 192 Figure 5.6: Pollen influx values (grains/yr) of selected taxa. 193 6. Castle Law, Abernethy Figure 6.1: The location of the fort (1) with known and possible Iron Age sites mentioned in text (Appendix A).201 Figure 6.2: The plan of the site, and the lochan
to the west, as presented by Christison and Anderson. 202 Figure 6.3: Detail of structures uncovered during the 1890s excavation. 203 Figure 6.4: The south-west section of the outer face of the main enclosure or ‘inner wall’ uncovered over 1895-7 as shown in Figure 6.3. 204 Figure 6.5: Christison’s section through the ‘inner wall’. 204 Figure 6.6: The second photograph of the 1890s excavations, taken from the south. 205 Figure 6.7: The 2012 survey by Oxford Archaeology North showing the extent of the scheduled area. 205 Figure 6.8: The 2013 RCAHMS survey showing the fort and the 1890s excavation trenches and their spoil. 206 ix
Figure 6.9: The location of the 2017 excavation trenches. 207 Figure 6.10: The plan of Trenches 1 and 2 (above) and the section through the interior of the fort in Trench 1 (below). 208 Figure 6.11: The external façade of the inner wall in 2017, constructed onto the bedrock. 209 Figure 6.12: The internal face of the inner wall detailing with probable timber sockets. 209 Figure 6.13: Elevations of external (above) and internal (below) façades of the inner wall showing the use of Old Red Sandstone and probable/possible timber voids. 210 Figure 6.14: The inner face of inner wall in Area A, showing the possible repair in the façade. 210 Figure 6.15: The curvilinear setting of flat stones [122] amongst dark in situ internal deposit [123], taken from the east. 211 Figure 6.16: The fully exposed setting of flat stones [122] below the rubble collapse [106]. 211 Figure 6.17: The oak timber [132] at the base of the internal face of the inner wall
[116]. 212 Figure 6.18: Elevations of the external (above) and internal (below) façades of the outer wall, indicating the use of Old Red Sandstone and the survival of timber beam holes. 213 Figure 6.19: The external face [112] of the outer wall [ill]. 214 Figure 6.20: The batter on the outer face of the outer wall.214 Figure 6.21: The inner face of outer wall [ill] surviving in situ between the ranging poles, with large, tumbled blocks in front. 215 Figure 6.22: The inner face [114] of outer wall [ill] with bedrock exposed beneath. 215 Figure 6.23: The section through the outer wall [ill] showing the linear arrangement of flat stones [129] that may cover a transverse timber channel within the wall core [113]. 215 Figure 6.24: Looking north in Trench 2 along the transverse wall [137]. 216 Figure 6.25: Detail of the join of the transverse and inner walls shown in Figure 6.24.216 Figure 6.26: Trench 2 view to the
south. 216 Figure 6.27: Detail of the intersection between the transverse wall (left) and inner face of the outer wall (right) shown in Figure 6.26. 216 Figure 6.28: Calibrated radiocarbon results. 217 Figure 6.29: Saddle quern fragment (SF001) from the 2017 excavations. 218 Figure 6.30: Pounder (SF002) from the 2017 excavations. 218 Figure 6.31: Spall from a ceramic crucible (SF024) from the 2017 excavations. 219 Figure 6.32: The crate of animal bone from the 1890s excavation held by the National Museums of Scotland. 224 Figure 6.33: Detail of the animal bone wrapped in newspaper from July 1939, suggesting repackaging for protection in advance of . . 224 Figure 6.34: The excavation and view to the north-east. 229 Figure 6.35: The view south-south-west from Abernethy round
tower. 230 Figure 6.36: A less familiar view of the fort from the south-east. 230 Figure 6.37: A schematic isometric reconstruction of the outer and inner timber-laced walls. 231 Figure 6.38: A reconstruction proposing an entrance through the inner wall at high level. 234 7: Discussion and conclusions Figure 7.1: A selection of oblong and oval forts, based on Feachem. 238 Figure 7.2: Relative areas of Castle Law, Abernethy (0.06 ha); and Moredun E (0.15 ha); Moncreiffe (0.2 ha); Moredun Annexe D (0.68 ha); Moredun C (1.2 ha); and Moredun В (1.8 ha). 242 Figure 7.3: Plans showing the morphology, vallation and relative size of the forts.243 Figure 7.4: Deuchny Wood fort in 2015 following tree clearance.261 Figure 7.5: Deuchny Wood fort: a candidate for the oblong series?. 262 Figure 7.6: Tree removal carried out through the project, improving the ‘readability’ of the fort, views across the landscape from it, and visibility of the previously hidden southern entrance. 263 Figure 7.7: On site interpretation at Moncreiffe
fort. 264 X |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Strachan, David 1966- Cook, Martin McLaren, Dawn Crone, Anne Engl, Rob Ferreira, Carla |
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| era | Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Vor- und Frühgeschichte |
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| geographic | Firth of Tay Region (DE-588)7579625-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Firth of Tay Region |
| id | DE-604.BV049794457 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:09:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781803276588 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035135183 |
| oclc_num | 1428989422 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | xvi, 313 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 30 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240902 gbd_1 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Strachan, David 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)1016708505 aut Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren ; with contributions by Anne Crone, Rob Engl, Carla Ferreira [and 11 others] Oxford Archaeopress 2023 xvi, 313 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd rswk-swf Firth of Tay Region (DE-588)7579625-9 gnd rswk-swf Fortification, Prehistoric / Scotland / Perth and Kinross Firth of Tay Region (DE-588)7579625-9 g Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 s Vor- und Frühgeschichte z Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s DE-604 Cook, Martin aut McLaren, Dawn aut Crone, Anne aut Engl, Rob aut Ferreira, Carla aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781803276595 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035135183&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Strachan, David 1966- Cook, Martin McLaren, Dawn Crone, Anne Engl, Rob Ferreira, Carla Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4189008-5 (DE-588)7579625-9 |
| title | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 |
| title_auth | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 |
| title_exact_search | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 |
| title_full | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren ; with contributions by Anne Crone, Rob Engl, Carla Ferreira [and 11 others] |
| title_fullStr | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren ; with contributions by Anne Crone, Rob Engl, Carla Ferreira [and 11 others] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three forts on the Tay excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 David Strachan, Martin Cook and Dawn McLaren ; with contributions by Anne Crone, Rob Engl, Carla Ferreira [and 11 others] |
| title_short | Three forts on the Tay |
| title_sort | three forts on the tay excavations at moncreiffe moredun and abernethy perth and kinross 2014 17 |
| title_sub | excavations at Moncreiffe, Moredun and Abernethy, Perth and Kinross 2014-17 |
| topic | Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Wallburg (DE-588)4189008-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ausgrabung Wallburg Firth of Tay Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035135183&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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