Between borders: the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe
"Migration is a defining aspect of the Jewish experience. Since biblical times Jewish migrations have been widely associated with flight from persecution. Long before the Holocaust, accounts about Jewish history highlighted antisemitism and expulsions as overarching causes for Jewish population...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York, NY, United States of America
Oxford University Press
[2024]
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Migration is a defining aspect of the Jewish experience. Since biblical times Jewish migrations have been widely associated with flight from persecution. Long before the Holocaust, accounts about Jewish history highlighted antisemitism and expulsions as overarching causes for Jewish population movements. In the 1904 Jewish Encyclopedia Joseph Jacobs characterized Jewish history as a constant chain of "forced" movements "from country to country." Since the 1980s specialist scholars have shifted to more differentiated interpretations of Jewish migrations. Yet the lachrymose view of Jewish migrations persists in popular publications, textbooks, and even scholarly studies, especially surveys of global migration and refugee issues. In an informative 1996 book about global migrations, Thomas Sowell begins the chapter on the Jews with this sentence: "The tragic history of the Jews as a people wandering the world through centuries of persecution has been...remarkable for their achievements." In the chapter Sowell plays down the agency of Jews as migrants." |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780197655658 0197655653 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania -- The 1881/82 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis -- Jewish Mobilities and the Business of Migration -- Migrant Journeys -- Protective Umbrella : The Transnational Jewish Support Network -- The First World War and its Aftermath : Displacement and Permanent Transit -- The Interwar Years : Alternative Destinations and Dead Ends -- A Not So Typical Journey -- Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews? -- Migrants Become Immigrants -- Migrants and Refugees | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Migration is a defining aspect of the Jewish experience. Since biblical times Jewish migrations have been widely associated with flight from persecution. Long before the Holocaust, accounts about Jewish history highlighted antisemitism and expulsions as overarching causes for Jewish population movements. In the 1904 Jewish Encyclopedia Joseph Jacobs characterized Jewish history as a constant chain of "forced" movements "from country to country." Since the 1980s specialist scholars have shifted to more differentiated interpretations of Jewish migrations. Yet the lachrymose view of Jewish migrations persists in popular publications, textbooks, and even scholarly studies, especially surveys of global migration and refugee issues. In an informative 1996 book about global migrations, Thomas Sowell begins the chapter on the Jews with this sentence: "The tragic history of the Jews as a people wandering the world through centuries of persecution has been...remarkable for their achievements." In the chapter Sowell plays down the agency of Jews as migrants." | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations vii ix 1 Introduction 1. Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania 12 2. The 1881-1882 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis 31 3. Jewish Mobilities and the Business of Migration 51 4. Migrant Journeys 75 5. Protective Umbrella: The Transnational Jewish Support Network 101 6. The First World War and Its Aftermath: Displacement and Permanent Transit 128 7. The Interwar Years: Alternative Destinations and Dead Ends 162 8. A Not So Typical Journey 189 9. Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews? 206 10. Migrants Become Immigrants 234 Conclusion: Migrants and Refugees 244 Notes Selected Bibliography Index 253 295 309
Selected Bibliography Archives Austria Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv, Vienna (OeStA/AVA) Justiz JM Allgemein Sig 6. Britain The National Archives, Kew. Foreign Office (FO). Canada Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa. Canadian Northern Railway (CNR), Deposit No. 56. Germany Geheimes Staatsarchiv Berlin (GeSta). Preußisches Ministerium für Handel und Gewerbe, Bestimmungen zum Schutze und zur Fürsorge für die Auswanderung und Kolonisation, XIII, 20, No. 1, vols. 1-24. Universitätsarchiv, Humboldt Universität Berlin. Personalakte Professor Dr. Kulischer, UK Personalia: К 429. Staatsarchiv Hamburg. Auswanderungsamt I, 373-71. Staatsarchiv Bremen. Auswanderung 3-A.4. Israel Central Zionist Archive, Jerusalem (CZA). Central Zionist Office Berlin, Z3. Isaak Rülf Papers, Al/3. Leo Motzkin Papers, A126. Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem (CAHJP). Berlin Collection, D/Be4. DALJEWCIB, Harbin, Far East Collection. Danzig Collection, D/Da. Königsberg Collection, D/Kol. Insterburg Collection, D/Inl. Switzerland League of Nations Archive, Geneva (LNA).
296 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Administrative Commissions and Minorities Section, Registry Files, Subseries 4 Danzig, R-140 (Situation of Jews in Danzig). Dossiers du Bureau International de Travail Service des Réfugiés, Section C, Reg. 1379-1467. Russian Refugees, Section 45, Reg. 19-27. United States American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati (AJA). Jacob Schilf Papers, MS Coll. 456. World Jewish Congress Records, MS Coll. 361. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Archives, Hyde Park, NY. Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers, President’s Secretary’s File, Subject File, Refugees, 1938-1944. Leo Baeck Institute, Center for Jewish History, New York (LBI). Bericht über eine Informationsreise nach der Südafrikanischen Union, den beiden Rhodesien und Kenya (Britisch-Ostafrika) von Dr. Mark Wischnitzer, MS 695. Bernhard Kahn Papers, AR416. Isaak RülfCollection 1858-1987, AR 3179. Rachel Wischnitzer Papers, AR 2565. The New York Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division. Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars Records. YIVO, Center for Jewish History, New York. Abraham Cahan Papers, RG 1139. Ilya Dijour Papers, RG 589. Max Gottschalk Papers, RG 330. Newspapers and Periodicals Allgemeine Zeitung des Juden thums, Leipzig American Hebrew, New York American Jewish Yearbook, New York American Railroad Journal, New York Arbeiterzeitung, Vienna Aufbau, New York Berliner Lokalanzeiger Berliner Tageblatt Berliner Zeitung Bulletin du Comité des Delegations Juives, Paris Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung, Berlin Chicago Occident Danziger Lebn Danziger Zeitung Detroit Jewish Chronicle Hamburger
Correspondent Illinois Staatszeitung, Chicago Israelitisches Familienblatt, Hamburg The Jewish Chronicle, London
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 297 Jewish Telegraphic Agency, New York Jüdische Presse, Berlin Jüdische Rundschau, Berlin Jüdisches Volksblatt, Breslau Korrespondenzblatt des “Centralbureausfürjüdische Auswanderungsangelegenheiten,” Berlin Memeler Dampfioot, Memel The Morning Chronicle, Halifax, NS, Canada Neue Freie Presse, Vienna Die Neuzeit, Vienna New York Times Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, Rotterdam Ost und West, Berlin Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad, Rotterdam Spandauer Anzeigerfür das Havelland, Spandau, Preußen Spemans Illustrierte Zeitschriftfür das Deutsche Haus, Stuttgart The Times, London Vorwärts, Berlin Wiener Morgenzeitung, Vienna Die Welt, Vienna Der Zeitgeist, Milwaukee Zeitung des Vereins Deutscher Eisenbahn-Verwaltungen, Berlin Published Reports Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30th 1894. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894. Bericht über die vorläufigen Ergebnisse des vom k.k. Handelsministerium durchgeführten Untersuchung über die Organisation der Auswanderung in Österreich. Vienna: Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1913. Festschrift anlässlich der Feier des 25jährigen Bestehens des Hilfsvereins der Deutschen Juden, gegr. am 28. Mai 1901. Berlin: Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, 1926. Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt. Zur Eisenbahn- und Bevölkerungsstatistik der Deutschen Städte: Insbesondere der Deutschen Kleinstädte und Landstädte in der Periode 1867 bis 1875. Berlin: Puttkammer Mühlbrecht, 1878. U.S. Senate. Reports ofthe Emigration Commission, Presented by Mr. Dillingham: Emigration Conditions in Europe.
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1911. Memoirs Antin, Mary. From Plotzk to Boston. Foreword by Israel Zangwill. Boston: W. B. Clarke, 1899. Bogen, Boris. Born a Jew. New York: Macmillan, 1930. Cahan, Abraham. Bieterfun meinLebn. New York: Forverts, 1926-1931. Cowen, Philip. Memories ofan American Jew. New York: International Press, 1932. Gronemann, Sammy. Erinnerungen. 1947. Berlin: Philo, 2002. Horwich, Bernard. My First Eighty Years. Chicago: Argus Books, 1939.
298 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY La Guardia, Fiorello. The Making of an Insurgent: An Autobiography, 1882-1919. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1948. Morgenthau, Henry. Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story. New York: Doubleday, 1918. Weizmann, Chaim. Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann. New York: Harper, 1949. Novels and Plays Aleichem, Sholem. Ale Verk von Sholom Aleichem. New York: Folks-Fond Oysgabe, 1923. Cahan, Abraham. Yekl:A Tale ofthe New York Ghetto. New York: D. Appleton, 1896. Grimm, Hans. Volk ohne Raum. Munich: A. Langen, 1926. Gronemann, Sammy. Utter Chaos. Translated by Penny Milbouer. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. Nabokov, Vladimir. Pnin. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1957. Roth, Joseph. Das Spinnennetz. 1923. Cologne: Kiepenheuer Witsch, 1967. Seghers, Anna. Transit. Boston: Little, Brown, 1944. Sue, Eugène. Le JuifErrant. Paris: Meline, 1844. Zangwill, Israel. Children of the Ghetto: Being Pictures of a Peculiar People. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1892. Zangwill, Israel. The Melting-Pot. New York: Macmillan, 1909. Other Published Works Abella, Irving, and Harold Martin Troper. None Is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948. New York: Random House, 1982. Adler, Eliyana. Survival on the Margins: Polish Jewish Refugees in the Wartime Soviet Union. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. Alroey, Gur. Bread to Eat and Clothes to Wear: Letters from Jewish Migrants in the Early Twentieth Century. Detroit, MI: Wayne State Press, 2011. Alroey, Gur. “Bureaucracy, Agents and Swindlers: Hardships Faced by Russian Jewish
Emigrants in the Early Twentieth Century.” Studies in Contemporary Jewry 19 (2003): 214-231. Alroey, Gur. “Demographers in the Service of the Nation: Liebmann Hersch, Jacob Lestschinsky, and the Early Study of Jewish Migration.” Jewish History 20, nos. 3-4 (2006): 265-282. Alroey, Gur. “Two Historiographies: Israeli Historiography and the Mass Jewish Migration to the United States, 1881-1914.” Jewish Quarterly Review 105, no. 1 (2015): 99-129. Alroey, Gur. An Unpromising Land: Jewish Migration to Palestine in the Early Twentieth Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014. Aly, Götz, and Susanne Heim. Architects of Annihilation: Auschwitz and the Logic of Destruction. London: Orion, 2015. Amrith, Sunil. Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Crossings of Migrants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Arendt, Hannah. Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Meridian, 1951. Armstrong, John A. “Mobilized and Proletarian Diasporas.” American Political Science Review 70, no. 2 (1976): 393-408.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 299 Aschheim, Steven. Brothers and Strangers: The East European Jew in German and German Jewish Consciousness 1800-1923. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 1982. Avraami, Zwi. Die jüdische Wirklichkeit und der Zionismus: Eine sozial-ökonomische Studie. Zurich: Ostheim, 1905. Avrutin, Eugene Μ. Jews and the Imperial State: Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. Baron, Salo. “Ghetto and Emancipation.” Menorah Journal 14 (1928): 515-526. Bartrop, Paul R. The Evian Conference of 1938 and the Jewish Refugee Crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Bauer, Yehuda. My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 1929-1939. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1974. Benton-Cohen, Katherine. Inventing the Immigration Problem: The Dillingham Commission and Its Legacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. Bernheimer, Charles Seligman, ed. The Russian Jew in the United States. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1905. Bon Tempo, Carl. Americans at the Gate: The United States and Refugees during the Cold War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008. Breitman, Richard, and Allan J. Lichtman. FDR and the Jews. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Brenner, Michael. Prophets of the Past: Interpreters of Jewish History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010. Brinkmann, Tobias, ed. Points of Passage: Jewish Transmigrants from Eastern Europe in Scandinavia, Germany, and Britain 1880-1914. New York: Berghahn Books, 2013. Brinkmann, Tobias. “The
Road from Damascus: Transnational Jewish Philanthropic Organizations and the Jewish Mass Migration from Eastern Europe 1860-1914.” In Shaping the Transnational Sphere: Experts, Networks, and Issues from the 1840s to the 1930s, edited by Davide Rodogno, Jakob Vogel, and Bernhard Struck, 152-172. New York: Berghahn Books, 2015. Brinkmann, Tobias. “Why Paul Nathan Attacked Albert Ballin: The Transatlantic Mass Migration and the Privatization of Prussia’s Eastern Border Inspection, 1886-1914.” Central European History 43, no. 1 (2010): 47-83. Cabanes, Bruno. The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism 1918-1924. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Cecil, Lamar. Albert Ballin: Business and Politics in Imperial Germany 1888-1918. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967. Cecil, Lamar. “Coal for the Fleet That Had to Die.” American Historical Review 69, no. 4 (1964): 990-1005. Chazan, Robert. Refugees or Migrants: Pre-Modern Jewish Population Movement. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018. Choate, Mark. Emigrant Nation: The Making of Italy Abroad. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. Cohen, Gerard Daniel. In War’s Wake: Europe Displaced Persons in the Postwar Order. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Cohen, Naomi W. Jacob Schiff: A Study in American Jewish Leadership. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 1999. Cohen, Naomi W. Not Free to Desist: The American Jewish Committee, 1906-1966. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1972.
300 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Daniels, Roger. Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Daniels, Roger. Guarding the Golden Door: American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882. New York: Macmillan, 2005. Davies, Helen Μ. Emile and Isaac Pereire: Bankers, Socialists and Sephardic Jews in Nineteenth-Century France. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan. “East European Jewish Migration: Inside and Outside.” East European Jewish Affairs 44, nos. 2-3 (2014): 154-170. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan. Farming the Red Land: Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924-1941. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. Duker, Abraham, and Michael Alper, eds. Jewish Post-War Problems: A Study Course. Unit VII: Relief, Reconstruction, and Migration. New York: American Jewish Committee, 1942. Dwork, Deborah, and Robert Jan van Pelt. Flightfrom the Reich: Refugee Jews 1933-1946. New York: Norton, 2009. Endelman, Todd. Leaving the Jewish Fold: Conversion and Radical Assimilation in Modern Jewish History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. Estraikh, Gennady. “Jacob Lestschinsky: A Yiddishist Dreamer and Social Scientist.” Science in Context 20, no. 2 (2007): 215-237. Estraikh, Gennady. Transatlantic Russian Jewishness: Ideological Voyages of the Yiddish Daily Forverts in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2020. Evans, Richard. Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Years 1830-1910. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.
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Index For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. Ahasvérus, 1-2 See also antisemitism Alaska, 212-13 Aleichem, Sholem, 51-53,54 Aliyah, 6-7,167 Alliance Israélite Universelle (АШ), 9,15, 16,22-25,30,44-48,59,63,108-11, 116,118-19,123 American Jews. See United States American Jewish Committee (AJC), 111, 123,206-7,209-11,216-17,22022,223-24 American Jewish Congress, 217,219 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. See Joint Distribution Committee AmOlam, 32,33,46-47 Anglo-Jewish Association, 25,110-11, 116,149-50 Antin, Mary, 77-83,92,95-96,101-2, 104,247-48 antisemitism, 1,61-62,74,107,138-39, 157-58,171-72,184-85,228,231, 245-46,249-50 among academics, 157,182,183,21213,228 Germany, 4-5,16,58,68,80-82,108-9, 110,160,162,163,188,231 Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe, 19,37,48,49,87-88,90,95-96,1089,168 Jewish rebuttal, 4,46-47,110, 111, 146 Ostjuden,” 16-17,20,25-26,30,81-82, 148,162,164,169-70,183,184 United States, 126,145,148-50,236 “Wandering Jew,” 1-2,37,38,39-40, 164,173,175-76,207-8,220,246-47 See also Holocaust; pogroms Antwerp, 65,67,71,76-77,92-93,113 See also Red Star Line Arendt, Hannah, 194,199,210-11,21415,229-30,238-39,242,250 Argentina, 8-9,47,63,106,111-12,119, 166,173 Armenians, 135,246 genocide, 134-35,153,182-83 refugees 132,134,142,152,227 Atlantic rate war, 112-18 Auschwitz extermination camp, 81-82, 203 See also Oswipcim Australia, 8-9,119,132-33,185-86, 188,213-14 Austria (after 1918), 11,118,137-39,184, 185-88,195-96,197,199,203,206,
225-26,238-39,240-41,248 Austrian Jews, 7,170-71,188,189,19798,200,214-15,235,249 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 2,9,11,20-21, 62-63,65,68 borders, 65-66,70-71 Jewish migrants, 18-19,38,109-10, 133,189,247,248 railroads, 55-56,62-63 steamship lines, 69,70-71,72,112 successor states, 164-65,188,249 See also Austria; Galicia; Hungary Avraami, Zwi, 40 Ballin, Albert, 9-10,63-74,83-84, 114-17 Balta, 32,33 Bangladesh, 158-59,252 Baranovich, 51-52,53,54-55 Baron, Salo, 177-78,204-5,220-21,244 Basel, 91-92
310 INDEX Belgium, 66,132-33,148-49,151,195-96, 200,201,207 Berlin, 10,13-15,18-20,22-25,29,33, 35-36,53-54, 56,57-58,68,74,7677,83,89-90,91-92,104,107,108, 109-10,115-16,117,118-19,12223,150-51,152-53,154,159,16269,173,178-81,187,190-94,200, 204,209-10,218,231-32,245-46 Bermuda conference (1943), 219 Bernheimer, Charles S., 96-97 Bernheim petition, 160 Bessarabia, 47,140-42,155 Bialystok, 47-48,54-55,121-22,164-65 Biharis, 158-59,252 Bismarck, Otto von, 19-20,56,62, 67-68 Bleichröder, Gerson, 68 Boas, Franz, 3-4,40 Bolivia, 196 Boston, 29,77,78-79,95-96,101 Bowman, Isaiah, 212-13,229 Brazil, 130,163-64,166,196 Bremen, 22,54,64-65,66,69,70-71,72, 76-77,78,80-82,88,92-93,97-99, 104,114,117-18,119,130 See also North German Lloyd (NDL) Breslau (Wroclaw), 23-24, 33,38-39, HO Britain, 3-4,8-9,10-11,25,40,49-50, 55-56,59,63-64,68,86-87,91-92, 96,108,109-10,115-16,117,119, 129,132-33,149,151,157-58,17071,173-74,178,179-80,181,188 First World War, 132-33 immigration restrictions, 37,95-96, 122-23,165-66,219,229 Brody, 75-76,88,91,138-39,162,189-90, 200,217-18 1881/82 crisis, 14-15,32-34,35,41-48, 49-50,108,110 Brussels, 24,62-63,189-90 Budapest, 65-66,90-91,93,112-14,13334,137-38,180-81 Buenos Aires, 37,52,102-3,111-12, 166,248 Bundism, Bundists, 37, 38,135, 149,175-76 Cahan, Abraham, 33-34,35,41,43-44, 45-47,55,88,94-97,167-68,184-85 Canada, 8-9,71-72,88-89,93-94,11112,118,119,132-33 destination after 1945,240,241,242 immigration restrictions, 165-66,196 Cape Town, 29,102-3,191-92 Cardenas, Lazaro, 198-99 Caribbean, 4-5,7,73,196,203 Celler, Emanuel, 236,238 Chagall, Marc,
53,191,200,202-3 Chicago, 25-26,27-29,34-35,48,54-55, 96-97,123-25,146,174,248 China, Chinese, 48,73,170-71,23638,246 Chinese exclusion (see United States immigration policy) Chinese migrants, 59-60,73,93-94, 104,126,247-48 citizenship, 17,153,157-58,171,178, 250,251-52 Austria, 138-39,190 Danzig (Free City), 171 France, 164,169-70,189 Germany, 110,132-33,168,194,19798,214-15 Israel, 241,242 Lithuania, 168 Poland, 138-39,187,189,242 Prussia, 13-15,121 Romania, 155,194 Saxony, 14-15 Soviet Union, 164 United States, 99-100,164,251-52 women, 190 See also statelessness Colombia, 251-52 colonization, 6-7,31-32,46-47,55,15960,173,175,181,185-86,200,208-9, 213-14,215,216 See also Jewish Colonization Association Comité des Delegations Juives, 150-51, 154-55,157-58,217 Constantinople (Istanbul), 62-63,135, 152,225-26 control stations. See Prussia Copenhagen, 150-51,156
INDEX Crémieux, Adolphe, 22-23,25,59 Crimean War, 13-14,60 Cuba, 165-66 Cunard Line. See steamship lines Czechoslovakia, 138-39,152,164-65, 185,186 See also Slovakia Danzig, 104-5,129,139-40,152,170-72 Denikin, Anton, 224-26 Denmark, 21-22,63-64,195-96 Deutsch Israelitischer Gemeindebund (DIGB), 20-21,22 Dijour, Ilya, 169,185,200-1,204,216,230 Dillingham Commission, 36,40-41, 90,106 disease, 12-13,30,66-67,70-71,72,78, 79-81,82-83,119,129,141-42,152 cholera, 18,70-71,78,82-83, 101,108-9 typhus, 18,69-70,139 Dominican Republic, 48,185-86,200, 201,203,204-5,216,221,235 DPs (Displaced Persons), 159,218-20, 227,235-42 DP camps, 222,225-26,240,241,245 origin of the term, 210-11 Drancy transit camp, 203 Dublin, 29 Dubnow, Simon, 168-69,176,177,17879,185,189-90,191,220-21 East Prussia. See Prussia Ecuador, 196 Eichmann, Adolf, 191 Ellis Island, 9,69-70,93,102-3,234,252 deportations, 143-44,234-35 detention, 33,102-3,135-36,198,203, 206,235 inspection, 70,82-83,103-4, 119,139-40 See also United States immigration policy El Paso, 152-53 Emigdirect, 156,158,159-60,166, 169,200-1 England. See Britain ethnicity, 5-6 311 Evian conference, 185-86,211-13,230 Eydtkuhnen, 27,61,81,89-90,92,101-2, 105,108 First World War, 3,8,120-21,149-50,209 Jewish aid associations, 136,149 Jewish displacement, 128,132-41 migration restrictions, 130-32,183 turning point, 4-5,132,151-52,222-23 Fiume, 54,82-83,112-15,117 Föhrenwald DP camp, 240-41,242 See also DP camps France, 7,22-23,41,48,55,59-60,10910,129,135-36,142-43,151,155, 157-58,163-64,165,167,169-70,
173-74,179-80,185-86,189,195204,223-24,240-41,249-50 Franzos, Karl Emil, 46 Galicia (Austrian Empire), 38,63,68,91, 94,110-11,177 First World War, 133-34,137 Jewish migrants, 39-40,42-43,75-76, 83,93,110,142-43,162,163,173-74, 177,207-8,222-23 Jewish refugees, 137-39,183 poverty, 87,107,110,121-22,13940,247 See also Austro-Hungarian Empire; Brody; Krakow; Lemberg Galveston, 123 Generalplan Ost, 214-15 Geneva, 11, 38,149-50,154-55,171, 175,185 Germany, 4-5,9,16,27,45-46,48,59,6465,66,67,72-73,96-97,117,120-21, 132-33,137,139,142-43,146-48, 149-50,157-58,160,166,167,168, 172,177,179-82,184,186,189,190, 191-94,197,199,201-2,203,204-5, 206,209,212,213,214,218,227, 235-36,238-39,245-46,249-50 Alliance Israélite Universelle, 9,24, 109-10,118-19 antisemitic violence, 80-81,185,187, 188,212-13 destination, 130,163-64,165,167 DP camps, 222,225-26
312 INDEX Germany (cont.) eastern border, 67,71-72,75-76, 88,108-9 German Jews, 104-5,110,118,119, 169-70,172-73,178,185-86,19596,197-98,208,214-15,229,235 Holocaust, 218-19,231 inspections of migrants, 80-83,105 Polishjews, 187,195-96 Social Democratic Party, 33-34,115 transit, 10-11,21-22,75,76-77,78-79, 83,88,91-92,109-10,129,248 West Germany, 236-38,240-41, 242,245-46 See also antisemitism; Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden; Holocaust; Prussia; steamship lines Goldmann, Nahum, 216,217 Göring, Hermann, 184-85 Gottschalk, Max, 207,209-10,216, 217,221-22 Grabski, Wladyslaw, 164-65 grain trade, 13,14,27,57-58,61 Grant, Madison, 145-49 See also antisemitism; United States immigration policy Greece, 152,227,239 Grimm, Hans, 181-82 Gronemann, Sammy, 75,76-77,83,163 Grynszpan, Herschel, 187 Günther, Hans, 146-48 Haifa, 110-11,120-21,234,240 Halbwachs, Maurice, 206,223-24 Halifax (NS), 83-84,93-94 Hamburg, 22,27,33,54,63-74,76-77,7883,86-87,88,89-90,92-93,97-98,101, 104,105-6,107,108-9,110,118,119 Auswandererhallen, 79-80,93 Hamburg-America Line. See steamship lines Hanover, 75,76-77,83,163,187 Harbin, 159,170-71 Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), 83-84,94-95,102-4, 111, 129,13536,140,149,156,159-60,165-66, 169,206-7,216,230,231,240-41 Hebron. See pogroms Herzl, Theodor, 1-2,39-40,46-47,57,110 HICEM, 159-60,169,216 Hilberg, Raul, 7,55 Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, 36-37, 72,110-11,112,116-21,122-23, 133,135,149-50,159,167,169,176, 190-92,199,204,216,221,250 Himmler, Heinrich, 146-48,214-15 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de, 40-41,47,55, 62-63,73-74,107,111-12 See also Jewish
Colonization Association Hitler, Adolf, 146-48,163,181,184-85, 191,209,214,226,231 Holland-America Line. See steamship lines Holocaust, 1,3,5,7-8,41,43,204-5,22021,231,235,240-41,242-43,245-46 migration restrictions, 148-49,209-10, 222 “resettlement,” 215,227-28 scholarship, 7,55,81-82,178,189,218, 220-21,228-29,230,231-32 Horwich, Bernard, 26-30,31,53-55,68, 101,248 Howe, Irving, 6,86 Hungary, 57-58,113,138-39,152,16970,172,183,185,186,249-50 Ireland, Irish, 3,21-22,29,54,247 Israel (state), 5,6-8,10-11,43,158,178, 191,205,221-22,223,232-33,23435,236-38,240-43,245 Israelitische Allianz, 44,45 Insterburg, 105,108 Institute for Jewish Affairs (IJA), 216-18, 230,232-33 Italy, Italians, 3,5-6,55-56,59-60,11213,173,203-4,208,238-39,240-41, 246-47,251-52 Jabotinsky, Vladimir/Ze’ev, 169,228 Jacobs, Joseph, 1,2,3 Japan, 35-36,49,114-15,116,117-18, 136,145,151,170-71,217-18 Jersey City, 93,234-35,238 Jerusalem, 162,229,232-33 Jewish Colonization Association (JCA), 24-25,40-41,47,63,106,111-12, 118-19,140-41,156,159-60,166, 169,216
INDEX Johannesburg, 29,37,248 Johnson, Albert, 145,146-48 Johnson, Lyndon B., 251 Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), 135, 137,139-40,149-50,152-53,156, 159-60,164-65,176,193-94,198, 199-200,207,216,240-41 Agro-Joint, 200 Kaelter, Robert, 139-40 Kahn, Bernhard, 36-37,72,118,12022,190-91 Kaplun-Kogan, Wladimir Wolf, 38-40 Kibarty, 27,89-90,101-2,108 Kiev, 31-32,44,45,46,150-51,168,169, 179,204,207,209-10,224,225 Kishinev, 2,35-36,37,49-50,114-15, 121-22,141 Koellreutter, Otto, 148 Königsberg (Kaliningrad), 12,13,14-15, 21-22,23,26-28,29-30,53-54,56, 57-58,61,68,91-92 Kovno (Kaunas), 17,18,21,23-24,26, 27,28-29,30,53-54,61,88-90,129, 133-34,156 Krakow, 75-76 Kristallnacht pogrom. See pogroms Kulischer, Alexander, 178-84,203-4,21516,223,246-47 Kulischer, Eugene, 185,198,203-5,206-7, 218-19,223,227,228,231-33,23536,239-40,242-43,246-47 background, 179 Europe on the Move (1948), 223-27, 228-30 Jewish Migrations (1942), 207-10,211,230 Kriegs- und Wanderzüge (1932), 178-84 Μ Project, 215-16 The Displacement ofPopulation in Europe (1943), 210-11,217-18 Landsmanshaftn, 25-26,87,111 Latvia, Latvians, 88-89,95-96,128,129, 156,236 Laughlin, Harry H., 146-48 Lazarus, Emma, 123-25 League of Nations, 139,151-52,171-72, 183,227 313 Jewish representatives, 149-61,171 mandates, 151,171,172 refugees, 140-42,152,153-54,175, 211-12,217-18,220,221-22,234, 249,251 Lebensraum concept, 180-82,184 Le Havre, 59-60,91-92,189 Leipzig, 14-15,20-21,81,91-93 Lemberg (Lviv), 32,33,43-44,110 Leningrad, 167,178-79 Lestschinsky, Jacob, 87,163,164-65, 173,182,185,204-5,217-18,23031,232-33 background, 97-98
interviews with migrants in 1913/14, 98-100,248 interwar Berlin, 168-69,176,18485,191 Levant, 7-8,9 Libau, 61,88-89,129 Linz, 199 Lisbon, 169,198,199,201,202-3,207, 209-10,216 Lithuania, Lithuanians, 9-10,12-30,3435,38,42,47-48, 53-55,68,128,129, 130,133-34,135,137,155,156,168, 172,173-74,216-17,248 Jewish migrants, 25-30,38,42,54-55, 68,130,173-74,184-85 Jewish migration crisis 1868/69,1825,30 Lithuanian state, 128,129,155,156, 168,172 Litvaks, 12-13,14-16,18,25,29,30,3435,47-48,107 Liverpool, 27,33,65,91-92 Lodz, 54-55,57,217-18 Long, Breckenridge, 235 Mack, Julian, 123-25,126 Madagascar, 185,193-94,212-13,228 Margolin, Arnold D., 223-24,225 Mariampol, 25-26 Marseilles, 69-70,199,201-4,209-10,250 Marshall, Louis, 142-44,146,149-50 Martinique, 59-60,202-3,223 Mauss, Marcel, 206,223-24 McCarran, Pat, 236
314 INDEX Memel (Klaipeda), 12-17,18,26,68,8889,172 Mendes, Aristides de Sousa, 200-1 Mexico, 59-60,82,152-53,165-66,189, 198-99,202-3 Meyer, Konrad, 214 Miasoedov, Sergei Nicholaevich, 89-90 Μ Project (Migration Project), 213-16, 223,227,229 See also Roosevelt, Franklin D. Minsk, 51-52,189-90,195 Mogilev, 31-32 Montreal, 93-94,206-7 Morgenthau Sr., Henry, 134-35,142 Morocco, 196,201 Mortara affair, 15 Moscow, 49-50,53,57-58,60,61,108, 167,168,180-81 Motzkin, Leo, 137,149-51,154-59,160, 169,171,216-18,250 Myslowitz, 75,76,92 Nansen, Fridtjof, 153-54 Nansen passport. See passports Naples, 54 Nathan, Paul, 110,116-17,118,119,12021,133 Netherlands, 7,55,66,76-77,151,195-96, 200,201 First World War, 132-33,135,136 New York City, 3-4,10,27,28,29,41, 52-53,54-55,59-60,63-64,69-70, 91-92,96-97,114,139-40,145-46, 169,177,189,195,200-1,203,207, 209-10,216,219,221-22,225-26, 232,235 immigrant inspection, 93 Jewish immigrants, 35,83-84,87,9697,128 Jewish migrant assistance, 18-19,2324,102-3,107,111,166 Jewish newspapers, 33-34,49,184-85 Jewish scholars, 206-31 Lower East Side, 33,88,95,130 See also Ellis Island; Jersey City nonstate actors, 4,9,10-11,71-72,104, 115-16,118,121-22,151-52,16061,216,248,249 Nordau, Max, 174,208-9 North German Lloyd (NDL). See steamships, steamship lines Norway, Norwegians 3,65,153-54,195— 96,247 Oberländer, Theodor, 240-41 Odessa, 26,28,29,32,46-47,69-70, 97,103 Office for Strategic Services (OSS), 216,231-32 Orel, 61 Ostjuden.” See antisemitism Oswiçcim, 75-76,81-82,91,92-93 See also Auschwitz extermination camp Ottoman Empire, 9,15,22-23,27,40,
47,62-63,74,109-10,123,133-36, 151,246 See also Armenians; Palestine; Turkey Pale of Settlement. See Russian Empire Palermo, 54 Palestine, 110-12,151,162,164,212,227-28 assistance for Yishuv, 133,135,240 destination, 4-5,6-9,21-22,31-32, 46-47,86,130,152,163-64,165, 166,167,172-73,175,185,188, 191-92,208-10,218,219,220,22122,228-29 Zionists, 150-51,153,154-55,158, 159,172-74 See also Israel; Ottoman Empire Paris, 9,10,14-15,19-20,22-23,24,3132,40-41,58-61,62-63,91-92,10911,118-19,149-51,154,155,156, 159-60,169-70,175,179,181-82, 184,185,187,189-90,193-94,195, 197,199-201,203,204-5,209-10, 218,220-21,223-24,225-26,23132,240-41 passports, 89,111-12,132,144,151-53, 160,168,189,194-96,197-98,201 false passports, 32,103,152-53 Nansen passports, 153-55,249 Russian passports, 27,43-44,45-46,65, 67,94-95,101,103 Pereire, Emil and Isaac, 9-10,56-57,5860,61-63,73-74,91-92
INDEX Petlura, Symon, 187,224-25 Philadelphia, 33,96-97 Philippines, 73 Philippson, Ludwig, 20-24 Pilsudski, Jozef, 184-85 Pinsker, Leon, 46-47 Podolia, 32,47 pogroms, 36,52,114-15,121 -22,123 Bialystok (1906), 121-22 Budapest (1918), 137-38 cause for Jewish migration, 1,2,3, 32, 34-35,38-39,41-42,49-50,173-74, 175,177,207-8,244-45,247 Galicia (1898), 42 Hebron (1929), 162,167 Kishinev (1903), 2,35-36,37,4950,114-15 Kristallnacht (1938), 7,142-43,188, 191,249 Russia (1881/82), 32-33, 34,42,4348,123-25 Russian Civil War, 132,133-34,144, 153,160,169,207,224-26,228-29 Poland, Poles, 9-10,13-14,39,41,49-50, 57,59,68,69,105,128,133-34, 135,137,144,145,149-50,151-52, 164-65,195,197-98,209,214,215, 217-18,225,228-29,249-50 Jewish migration after 1918,166,167 Jewish refugees, 138-39,140, 159,160-61 Polish state, 4-5,139,151,154,155, 171-72,185-86,187,212-13, 231,242 population transfer, 216,226,227-28 See also resettlement Polotsk, 77 Portugal, 200-1 Prague, 92-93,137-39,218 Prussia, 12-15,16-17,18,19-20,64-65, 120-21,172 control stations, 70-72,78,82,116-17 eastern border, 27,67,70,88-89,97-99, 101-2,114-15 East Prussia, 12-15,16-17,27,54-55, 81,248 expulsions of foreigners, 35-36,68-69, 122-23 315 as German state, 66,67 Jewish emancipation, 17,20,21 Jewish leaders, 20-21,22-24 Jewish migrants, 18,19,20,22,27,28, 104-5,108-9 railroads, 56-58,61-62,92 steamship lines, 35-36,69,70-72, 104,115 U.S. immigration policy, 67-68 western border, 107 See also citizenship; Germany; steamship lines Quebec City, 93-94 railroads, 7,9,55,64-65,74,86,89-90, 91-92,94,159,247-48 Brody crisis, 43-44
construction and impact, 53-54,5557,60-62 Jewish investors, 47,55,57-64,73-74, 111-12,248 Sholem Aleichem, 51-53 trains stations, 58-59,91-92, 93,170-71 Warsaw-St. Petersburg line, 9-10,21-62 Red Star Line. See steamship lines Reed, David, 144,145,146 refuseniks, 6,241,245 resettlement, 215-16,226,227,228-29 Holocaust, 214,215 Jews, 4-5,8,17,23-24,30,46-47,141, 182-83,185-86,193-94,207,21011,212-14,217-18,219,228 Palestinians, 228 See also population transfer Riga, 128,129,156,185 Robinson, Jacob, 216-19,251 Rohingya, 158-59,252 Romania, 1-2,4-5,8,24,36,39-40,42, 57-58,87-88,107,110-11,11819,121-22,123-25,129,140-42, 149-50,151,152,154,155,160-61, 169-70,173-74,177,185-86,194, 212-13,225,244,247,249-50 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 7,185-86, 193-94,198-99,215-16,228 Rosen, Joseph A., 200,201,216
316 INDEX Rosenberg, Alfred, 146-48 Roth, Josef, 162-70,184 Rothschild family, 55 Rothschild, James de, 22-23,58-61, 62-63,73-74 Rotterdam, 54,65,71,75,76-77,83-84, 92-93,107,113,139-40 Rowno, 32,42,43-44,53,189-90,195 Ruhleben, 76-78,79-80,81-82,92 Rülf, Isaak, 14-15,18,20,21,22-23,30, 88,107 1881/82 Russianpogroms, 47-48 1885 Prussian expulsions, 68 early years in Memel, 12-13,14-17 journey to Kovno (1869), 17-18 Ruppin, Arthur, 173-76,182,233 Russian Empire, 1-3,5,6-7,9-10,13, 31,37,38-39,62-63,96-97,107, 118-19,128,168,179-80,189-90, 191-92,195,246 army deserters, 103,114-15 First World War, 132-42 German steamship lines, 64-67,72, 112,114 Jewish internal migration, 51-53,247 Jewish migration, 1-2,6-11,16-17,20, 21-22,45-46,68,69-70,75-76,78, 107-10,112-13,122-23,142-43, 173-74,177,182,212,248 Jewish railroad investors, 57-58 Pale of Settlement, 2,17,23-24,25, 29-30,31,34-36,39,44,45,47-48, 49-50,51-55,57,65,77,87,98,128, 133-34,136,189-90,200,247 policies toward Jews, 21,24-25,35-48, 178,182-83,207-8,249 poverty, 21-22,25,28-29, 30,34-35, 40-41,49-50 refugees, 133-35,140,153,171,244 Russian Civil War, 136-37,140-41,159, 169,179,180,184,227 Russo-Japanese War, 115-18 western border, 13-14,18,19,27,32, 43-44,76-77,86-87,88-92,98-99, 101-2,105,121,126-27 See also Lithuania; Podolia; pogroms; Poland; railroads; steamship lines; Volhynia Saint John (NB), 93-94 St. Petersburg (Russia), 3,9-10,13,19-20, 27,49-50,53-54,56-57,60-62,6566,89-91,94-95,108,179,189-90 See also Leningrad San Francisco, 136,234-35,236-38 Schechtman, Joseph, 169,179,185,204,
216,217-18,223-24,225-26,22729,231-32,242-43 Schiff, Jacob, 55,116,117-18,119, 123,133 Schwartzbard, Sholom, 187,224 Seghers, Anna, 202-4 Sephardi Jews, 7-8,9-10,23-24,58,123 Shanghai, 7,43,170-71,234-35,23639,242 Shavli, 38 Simpson, John Hope, 211 -12,218,250 Slovakia, Slovaks, 65-66,113-14,165— 66,186 smugglers, 9,10,13-14,32,33,43-44,6566,75-76,86-87,88-91,94-95,98,99, 165-66,169-70,202-3,240-41,248 Somalis, 158-59,252 Sosùa, 200,235 South Africa, 2,28-29,38,49-50,54-55, 119,173-74,185-86,196 Southampton, 29,67,91-92 South Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), 191-92 Soviet Union, 6,7,128,129,130,137-42, 144,152,153-54,156,159,164,16768,178-79,195,200,208-9,210-11, 213,214,215,216,225-26,227-28, 231-32,235-36,238-39,240,241, 242-43,245-46 Spain, Spanish 59-60,96-97,238-39,246 Jewish expulsion and flight (1492), 6, 23-24,40,46,47-48,134-35,220 Spanish Civil War refugees, 185-86, 189,197,198-99,201-3 transit of Jewish refugees, 199-203 statelessness, 153,172,184,186,205,242-43 See also citizenship; DPs steamships, steamship lines, 4,9,10,3536,54, 59-60,63-74,75-77,80-81, 82-87,90-94,101,103-5,107,108, 112-19,121,129,137,139-40,14344,197-98,235,247-48
INDEX Beaver Line, 94 Canadian Pacific Line (CPR), 93-94 Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, 59-60,91-92 Cunard Line, 71,112,113-18,122-23 Hamburg-America Line (HAPAG), 910,63-74,76-77,78-80,81,83,8687,92-93,101,107,112-17,118,248 Holland-America Line, 71,92-93,113 North German Lloyd (NDL), 64-65, 67-68,69-72,73,76-77,78,80-81, 92-93,101,112-17,118,248 poolagreements, 71,112,113,11415,117-18 Red Star Line, 71, 92-93,113 tickets, ticket agents, 10,26,27,29-30, 54-55,63-64,65-66,69,71,76-77, 86-87,88-91,94,99,101,103-4, 113-15,116,117-18,129,165,198 Union Castle Line, 29 Uranium Line, 83-84,107 White Star Line, 113 See also Ballin, Albert Stettin (Szczecin), 12,21-22,67-68,69 Stockholm, 38-39 Stoddard, Lothrop, 146-48 Strousberg, Bethel Henry, 57-58,73-74 Suez Canal, 82,234 Sweden, 21-22,28-29,65,120-21,133-34 Swindlers, 27,86,88-89,91-92,93 Switzerland, 11,31-32,91-92,97,155 Szajkowski, Zosa, 41,43,86,197-98 Tangier, 201 Tarnow, 177 Tartakower, Arieh, 217-20,233,244 Tcherikover, Elias, 41,168-69,185,191 Tel Aviv, 83,231 Telz, 18 Thomas, Albert, 158 ticket agents. See steamship lines Tilsit (Sovetsk), 12,13,27,29-30,81 timber trade, 13,26,189-90 Tolstoy, Leo, 51-52,54 transit visa, 70-71,76-77,128,139-40, 154,156,168,198,200-1,203,235 See also passports Transnistria, 141-42 317 Treuenfels, Abraham, 21-22 Trieste, 54,94,112-13 Trujillo, Rafael, 185-86 Truman, Harry S„ 221-22,235-36, 238,242 Turkey, 152,212,227 Ukraine, Ukrainians, 3,41-42,44,47,68, 69,75,88-89,93-94,97,114-15,132, 135-36,137,140-42,156,160,167, 169,228-29,236,240-41,249 Ukrainian Peoples Republic, 187,190,
215,224-26 See also Holocaust; pogroms; Russian Empire United States destination for European migrants, 3, 6-7,21-22,246-47 destination for Jews, 2,21-22,23,2530,37,42,87,109-10,130,148,164, 165-66,167,188,208-9,231 United States immigration policy, 70,7172,82-83,106,198,221-22,234-40 1882 Immigration Act, 24-25,48,66-67 1921/24 Johnson-Reed Acts, 142-49 1948 and 1950 DP Acts, 227,235-40 1965 Hart-Celler Act, 251 American Jews, 35-37,49,95-96, 105-6, 111, 123-27,142,143-44, 146,238 Chinese exclusion, 8-9,48-49,66-67, 93-94,104,125-26,145,17071,247-48 restricting Jewish migration, 4-5,6-7, 142-49,167,173-74,185-86,19192,204,235-40 See also Dillingham Commission; Ellis Island; Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society; New York Uruguay, 166,196 Velizh, 31 Veracruz, 59-60,152-53 Vienna, 42,45,46,57,60,62-63,65-66, 90-92,93,94,110-11,112-13,13334,137-39,164,177,184,185-86, 190,217-18 Vietnam, Vietnamese, 245-46,251-52
318 INDEX Vilna, 15,26,27,28-29,31-32,53,56-57, 61-62,77,89,97,168-69 Vitebsk, 53,54-55,57 Vladivostok, 136 Volhynia,42,99,189-90 “Wandering Jew.” See antisemitism Warburg family, 73,119 Warburg, Felix, 152-53,164-65 Warsaw, 9-10,38,47-48,53, 54-55,5658,60,61-62,97,99,129,139-40, 144,152,164-65,184-85,187,18990,214,228 Warsaw Ghetto, 214 Washington, D.C., 103,125,134-35,223, 225,227,228,231-32,234-35 Weinreich, Max, 168-69 Weizmann, Chaim, 72-73,150-51,15455,158 Wischnitzer, Mark, 185,190-91,225, 230,232-33 background, 42,189-90 flight from Nazi Germany, 194,195, 197-98,199,200-1,202-5,216 Hilfsverein, 118,167,169,19092,193-94 To Dwell in Safety (1948), 41-42,43, 220-23,224-25,229-30,231 Wischnitzer, Rachel, 194,200,230,231 background, 189-90 flight to New York, 193-94,195-96, 197-99,204-5 interwar Berlin, 191-92 saving her husband, 200-3 Wise, Stephen S., 177,217,219 Wolf, Lucien, 140,149-51,154-56,15758,160,171 Wolf, Simon, 125-26 World Jewish Congress (WJC), 11, 217-18 World War II, 8,130-32,196,197-99,200, 216,217-18,227-28,238-39,251 See also Holocaust YIVO (Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut), 41,168-69,176,178-79,216,230 Yizkor books, 7 Yokohama, 136 Yugoslavia, 185,245-46 Zangwill, Israel, 95-96,225 Zielonka, Martin, 152-53 Zionism/Zionists, 6-7,11,16,24-25,26, 28, 33-34, 37,72-73,97-98,110, 111-12,120-21,135,137-38,14951,153,154-55,158,159,160-61, 162,163,167-68,171-72,178,181, 208-9,217-18,241 Jewish migration, 1-2,39-40,43, 156,173-74,175-76,208-9,220, 221,250 Revisionists, 169,179,228 Zolberg, Aristide, 9,148-49,239 Zurich, 97 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Brinkmann, Tobias 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1022870408 |
| author_facet | Brinkmann, Tobias 1967- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Brinkmann, Tobias 1967- |
| author_variant | t b tb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049785787 |
| contents | Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania -- The 1881/82 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis -- Jewish Mobilities and the Business of Migration -- Migrant Journeys -- Protective Umbrella : The Transnational Jewish Support Network -- The First World War and its Aftermath : Displacement and Permanent Transit -- The Interwar Years : Alternative Destinations and Dead Ends -- A Not So Typical Journey -- Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews? -- Migrants Become Immigrants -- Migrants and Refugees |
| ctrlnum | (DE-599)BVBBV049785787 |
| era | Geschichte 1860-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1860-1950 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV049785787 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-05T11:06:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780197655658 0197655653 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035126667 |
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| physical | viii, 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| spelling | Brinkmann, Tobias 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1022870408 aut Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe Tobias Brinkmann Great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe New York, NY, United States of America Oxford University Press [2024] © 2024 viii, 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania -- The 1881/82 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis -- Jewish Mobilities and the Business of Migration -- Migrant Journeys -- Protective Umbrella : The Transnational Jewish Support Network -- The First World War and its Aftermath : Displacement and Permanent Transit -- The Interwar Years : Alternative Destinations and Dead Ends -- A Not So Typical Journey -- Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews? -- Migrants Become Immigrants -- Migrants and Refugees "Migration is a defining aspect of the Jewish experience. Since biblical times Jewish migrations have been widely associated with flight from persecution. Long before the Holocaust, accounts about Jewish history highlighted antisemitism and expulsions as overarching causes for Jewish population movements. In the 1904 Jewish Encyclopedia Joseph Jacobs characterized Jewish history as a constant chain of "forced" movements "from country to country." Since the 1980s specialist scholars have shifted to more differentiated interpretations of Jewish migrations. Yet the lachrymose view of Jewish migrations persists in popular publications, textbooks, and even scholarly studies, especially surveys of global migration and refugee issues. In an informative 1996 book about global migrations, Thomas Sowell begins the chapter on the Jews with this sentence: "The tragic history of the Jews as a people wandering the world through centuries of persecution has been...remarkable for their achievements." In the chapter Sowell plays down the agency of Jews as migrants." Geschichte 1860-1950 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Jews, East European / Migrations / History / 19th century Jews, East European / Migrations / History / 20th century Europe, Eastern / Emigration and immigration / History / 19th century Europe, Eastern / Emigration and immigration / History / 20th century Juifs est-européens / Migrations / Histoire / 19e siècle Juifs est-européens / Migrations / Histoire / 20e siècle Europe de l'Est / Émigration et immigration / Histoire / 19e siècle Europe de l'Est / Émigration et immigration / Histoire / 20e siècle Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 s Geschichte 1860-1950 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-19-765567-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Brinkmann, Tobias 1967- Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania -- The 1881/82 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis -- Jewish Mobilities and the Business of Migration -- Migrant Journeys -- Protective Umbrella : The Transnational Jewish Support Network -- The First World War and its Aftermath : Displacement and Permanent Transit -- The Interwar Years : Alternative Destinations and Dead Ends -- A Not So Typical Journey -- Jewish Migrations or Wandering Jews? -- Migrants Become Immigrants -- Migrants and Refugees Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4120730-0 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe |
| title_alt | Great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe |
| title_auth | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe |
| title_exact_search | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe |
| title_full | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe Tobias Brinkmann |
| title_fullStr | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe Tobias Brinkmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Between borders the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe Tobias Brinkmann |
| title_short | Between borders |
| title_sort | between borders the great jewish migration from eastern europe |
| title_sub | the great Jewish migration from Eastern Europe |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Migration Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035126667&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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