Developments in Russian politics:
"The 10th edition of this go-to-text offers critical discussion of contemporary Russian politics and its fundamental principles. It covers established topics such as executive leadership, parties and elections, and also newer issues of national identity, protest, and Russia and Greater Eurasia....
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
Bloomsbury Academic
2024
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| Ausgabe: | Tenth edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Developments in politics
10 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The 10th edition of this go-to-text offers critical discussion of contemporary Russian politics and its fundamental principles. It covers established topics such as executive leadership, parties and elections, and also newer issues of national identity, protest, and Russia and Greater Eurasia. Taking a bottom-up approach, Developments in Russian Politics analyses the political system in which Putin's influence can be understood and covers frequently overlooked topics like informal economy, climate change, and gender." |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 364 Seiten Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781350338845 9781350338852 |
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Contents List of Contributors vii Preface Henry E. Hale, Juliet Johnson, and Tomila V. Lankina ix 1 Putin and the Dynamics of Russia's Political System Henry E. Hale 1 2 Russian and Soviet History Kristy Ironside 3 How Russia's Past Influences Current Politics Tomila V. Lankina 4 19 47 Nationalism, Identity, and the Russia- Ukraine War Gulnaz Sharafutdinova 69 5 Russia's Gendered Politics Valerie Sperling 6 Russia's Economic Policies Juliet Johnson ю7 7 Russia's Informal Economy Yoshiko Μ. Herrera and Evgeniya Mitrokhina 8 127 Formal Institutions of Governance Grigorii V. Golosov 9 87 143 Authoritarian Mechanics David Szakonyi 161
vi Contents 10 Federalism and Centre-Periphery Relations Vladimir German 11 Chechnya Marat IIiyasov 181 199 12 Inequality and Marginalized Groups Jeremy Morris 219 13 Protest and Civil Society Katerina Tertytchnaya 235 14 Climate Change Debra Javeline 253 15 Russia's Invasion and Ukraine's Resistance Maria Popova and Oxana Shevel 16 Russian Foreign Policy Kathryn Stoner Notes 315 References 317 Index 343 293 267
References Chapter 1 Barry, Ellen. 2009. ‘Putin Plays Sheriff for Cowboy Capitalists.’ The New York. Times, 4 June 2009, sec. Europe, www.nytimes.eom/2009/06/05/world/ europe/05russia.html. Colton, Timothy J. 2017. ‘Paradoxes of Putinism.’ Daedalus 146(2): 8-18. Colton, Timothy J. 2018. ‘Regimeness, Hybridity, and Russian System Building as an Educative Project.’ Comparative Politics 50(3): 455-73. Colton, Timothy J., and Henry E. Hale. 2014. ‘Putin’s Uneasy Return and Hybrid Regime Stability: The 2012 Russian Election Studies Survey.’ Problems of Post-Communism 61(2): 3-22. Dawisha, Karen. 2014. Putin’s Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? New York: Simon Schuster. Frye, Timothy. 2021. Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putins Russia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Frye, Timothy, Ora John Reuter, and David Szakonyi. 2014. ‘Political Machines at Work: Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace.’ World Politics 66(2): 195-228. Gans-Morse, Jordan. 2017. Property Rights in Post-Soviet Russia: Violence, Corruption, and the Demand for Law. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Gelman, Vladimir. 2015. Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Changes. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Guriev, Sergei, and Daniel Treisman. 2019. ‘Informational Autocrats’ Journal of Economic Perspectives 33(4): 100-27. Hale, Henry E. 2011. ‘The Myth of Mass Russian Support for Autocracy: The Public Opinion Foundations of a Hybrid Regime.’ Europe-Asia Studies 63(8): 1357-75. Hale, Henry E. 2015. Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in
Comparative Perspective. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Hale, Henry E„ Ora John Reuter, Bryn Rosenfeld, David Szakonyi, and Katerina Tertytchnaya. 2022.‘Russia May Be about to Invade Ukraine. Russians Don’t Want It to.’ The Washington Post, 14 February 2022, sec. The Monkey Cage.
318 References www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/ll/russia-may-be-aboutinvade-ukraine-russians-dont-want-it/. Johnson, Juliet. 2000. A Fistful of Rubles: The Rise and Fall of the Russian Banking System. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Kara-Murza, Vladimir. 2018.Tn Russia, a Democratically Elected Mayor Finally Succumbs to Putinism - The Washington Post.’ The Washington Post, 5 April 2018. www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2018/04/05/ in-russia-a-democratically-elected-mayor-finally-succumbs-toputinism/?utm_term=.c8deeac0f5fe. Laruelle, Marlene. 2017.'The Kremlin’s Ideological Ecosystems: Equilibrium and Competition.’ 493. PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo. Washington, DC: George Washington University, www.ponarseurasia.org/memo/kremlinsideological-ecosystems-equilibrium-and-competition. Magyar, Balint, and Bâlint Madlovics. 2021. The Anatomy of Post-Communist Regimes: A Conceptual Framework. Budapest: Central European University Press. McAllister, Ian, and Stephen White. 2008. ‘“It’s the Economy, Comrade!” Parties and Voters in the 2007 Russian Duma Election.’ Europe-Asia Studies 60(6): 931-57. Morar’, Natalia. 2007. ‘Chernaia Kassa Kremlia. The New Times, 10 December 2007. Petrov, Nikolay, Maria Lipman, and Henry E. Hale. 2014.‘Three Dilemmas of Hybrid Regime Governance: Russia from Putin to Putin.’ Post-Soviet Affairs 30(1): 1-26. Reuters. 2015.‘Russia’s Nabiullina Named Central Bank Governor of 2015 by Euromoney’, 16 September 2015. www.reuters.com/article/russia-cenbankeuromoney/russias-nabiullina-named-central-bank-governor-of-2015 -byeuromoney-
idUSL5NHMlX420150916. Sakwa, Richard. 2010. ‘The Dual State in Russia.’ Post-Soviet Affairs 26(3): 185-206. Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz. 2020. The Red Mirror: Putin’s Leadership and Russia’s Insecure Identity. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn. 2001. ‘The Russian State in Crisis: Center and Periphery in the Post-Soviet Era.’ In Russian Politics: Challenges of Democratization, edited by Zoltan Barany and Robert G. Moser, 103-34. New York: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, Brian D. 2018. The Code of Putinism. New York: Oxford University Press. Tubridy, Mack. 2022. ‘One Mayor Down, Russia.Post, 21 December 2022, https://russiapost.info/regions/tomsk, accessed 9 March 2023. The Economist. 2008.‘Mechel Bashing’, 31 July 2008. www.economist.com/ node/11848486.
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320 References Economic History: The Last Great European Famines Reconsidered, eds. Declan Curran, Lubomyr Luciuk, and Andrew Newby. London: Routledge, 2015. Lenin, Vladimir.‘Last Testament’, December 1922. Online: www.marxists.org/ archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/testamnt/index.htm. Lenin, Vladimir.‘The Question of Nationalities or “Autonomisation ”,31 December 1922. Online: www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/ testamnt/autonomy.htm. Lenoe, Matthew E. The Kirov Murder and Soviet History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010. Khlevniuk, Oleg. V. Master of the House: Stalin and His Inner Circle, trans. Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Khlevniuk, Oleg. V. The History of the Gulag: From Collectivization to the Great Terror. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Kibita, Nataliya. Soviet Economic Management Under Khrushchev: The Sovnarkhoz Reform. London: Routledge, 2015. Kotkin, Stephen. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Kotkin, Stephen. Armageddon Averted: Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Online: www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/ works/1920/lwc/ch03 .htm. Kozlov, Denis and Eleonory Gilburd. The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. Malia, Martin.‘Leninist Endgame.’ Daedalus, Vol. 121, No. 2 (1992): 57-75. Malia, Martin. The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917-1991. New York: Free Press, 1994. Martin, Terry. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and
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Index The letter b following an entry indicates a page with a box. The letter t following an entry indicates a page with a table. A Just Russia (Spravedlivaia Rossiia [SR]) Armenia 25,73,183,299,302,311 155,156t, 192,245 abortion rights 89-90,91,99 Abramovich, Roman 139 activism 233 see also protest administrative divisions 25 Afghanistan 40,268,289,293,294,311 Africa. See North Africa; South Africa; sub-Saharan Africa agriculture 29,37,222,254,259,263,308 see also collectivization Albania 294 arms race 40 arms sales 306,307,308,310,311-12 ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) 311 Ashkharatsuyts (Anania Shirakatsi) 202 Asia 309-12 Asia-Pacific region 120-1 Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 311 austerity 228 authoritarian enclaves 59 authoritarianism 143-4,146,161-79 see also governance Chechnya 199 domestic media and propaganda 161-3 election management 174-8 foreign policy decisions 295-6 repression 168-74 state media control 162-8 sub-national 181-2 autocracy 19,20-1,143-4,146,295-6 see also authoritarianism autonomous republics 183 Azerbaijan 25,299,302 Aldy massacre 213 Alekhina, Masha 100 Alexander II (tsar) 20,50,54 Alexander III (tsar) 20,54-5 Alexandra (tsarina) 21 Algeria 294 Alkhan-yurt massacre 213 Almanac: For women, about women essay collection 97 Anchabadze, Giorgi 201 Vainakhs, The 201 Andreeva, Nina 42 Andropov, Yuri 40 Angola 294,307 ANNA Centre 101 Anti-Corruption Foundation 137,173, 248 anti-imperialism 74-5,84,271-2 anti-Westernism 91,92,94-5,101 Apakhonchich, Daria 101-2 Argentina 308 Baltic states/republics 42,73,183,272, 300
see also under individual countries banks 113-14 Barkashov, Aleksandr 79 barter economy 133
344 Index Basayev, Shamil 207,208,209 Bastrykin, Aleksandr 169 Baysangur (Chechen general) 211 ‘Beyond loyalty and dissent’ (Clément, Karine and Zhelninaclergy, Anna) 233 Belarus 274,299,302,311 Belavezha accords 43,270-1,272 Belousov, Andrei 151 Benin 294 Berezovsky, Boris 3-4,5,8,117,139,162 Beria, Lavrenty 36 birthrate 90,225-6 black market, the 131-4 blat 129-30, 230 Bloody Sunday incident 21 Bolsheviks, the 19-20,22-5,44,59-60 anti-imperialism 74-5 Chechnya 203 federalism 25,183 indigenization 26 national identity 25-6 peasantry, the 27 state welfare 61 Botswana 307 Brezhnev, Leonid 38,39-40 image 12 Brazil 107,308 see also BRICS economic group Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) economic group 120,122 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economic group 120,122 Budanov, Yuri 213 Bukharin, Nikolai 27,32 Bulgaria 294,302,303 burghers 58 Bykov, Dmitry 223 capitalism 50,64,109-10 patrimonial 107 state 107 Carter, Jimmy 40 Catherine II (empress) 50,53,57,58 Catholicism 56 Caucasian War 203,211 Caucasus 55,201 North 56,192,202,203,207,215,242, 249 South 242,299 censorship 39,164,165,240-1 see also propaganda; repression self-censorship 163-4 war censorship laws 167 Central Asia 37,55,73,74,83,299,302, 310 Chechen deportation to 204,211, 212 migration 108,230,231,258 centre-periphery relations 181-2, 184-94 civil society organisations 193 economic control 190-1 federal reform 186 governors 7,187-8,191 mayors 7,191-2,193 recentralisation 186-7 regional business people 193 regional legislatures 192-3 regulations 190 spatial inequality 189-90
war 194-6 Chairperson of Government (Predsedatei Pravitel’stvo) 144 Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 200,204 Chechens, the 201-2 Chechnya 6,56,185,199-217 Caucasian War 203 Chechens, the 201-2 chronology of political history 216b-17b collective memory 209-13,215-16 current regime 213-15 deportation 204,211-12,215
Index Gorskaya Respublika (the Mountain Republic) 203 independence quest 200,202-9, 215-16 nationalism 200,204 repression 200,204,214 terrorism 206,208,209 war 200,205-9,212-13,215-16,276 Western policy 289 Chernenko, Konstantin 40 children 227 Chile 308 China 107,121 -2,182,299,309-11, 312 see also BRICS economic group Christianity 52,57 Catholicism 56 Protestantism 48,53,57 Third Rome concept 53,74 Chubais, Anatoly 111,287 Churchill, Winston 35 CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) 274,275 city mayors 7,191-2,193 civil society funding 98,241 protest and 235-51 restrictions 239-42 civil society organisations 193 Civil War 23-4 Clément, Karine and Zhelninaclergy, Anna ‘Beyond loyalty and dissent’ 233 clergy, the 58 clientelism 231-2 climate change 253-64 adaptation response 257-9 construction 262 distributive conflict 260 fossil fuels 255,256,257,260, 263-4 free riding 260-1 global 253 global governance 259-61 greenhouse gas emissions 254-5,256, 260-1,262,263 Kyoto Protocol 260-1 maladaptation 260 migration 258 mitigation response 255-7,260,261, 263 MNRE 256 Paris Agreement 261 pollution 263 renewable energy 257,264 Russia-Ukraine war 261-4 UNFCCC 260 climate forcing agents 260 climate vulnerable agents 260 Clinton, Hillary 95-6 Coats, Dan 309 Cold War 35-6,39-40 Cuban Missile Crisis 38 collective action theory 260-1 collective memory 64-5 Chechnya 209-13,215-16 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 299,311 collective trauma 81-2 collectivization 29-30 colonialism 55-6,74,84 see also imperialism colour revolutions 82,117,276 command economy 108,109-10 Committee
on State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti [KGB]) 31,51 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 274,275 communism 24,301 foreign policy 294 legacy of 47,51,59-62,64 Soviet allies 294-5 Communist Party 14,40,43,60,183 industrialization 27 succession crisis 27-8 Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 78,245,250-1 345
346 Index Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Kommunisticheskaia partiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii [KPRF]) 153-4,155,156t, 192 Conferences of Parties (COP) 260,261 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 307 Congo, the 294 Congress of Peoples Deputies 41 conservative development statism 107 conservative forces 78 conservative turn, the 12-13,88-96 resistance 96-104 Constitutional Court 157-8 construction 262 COP (Conferences of Parties) 260,261 corruption 2-3,41-2,131,134-7,141, 166,171,231-2 anti-corruption campaigns/protests 172,244 Anti-Corruption Foundation 137, 173,248 electoral fraud 15,166,174-8 Medvedev, Dmitry 244 migration 231 military, the 297 professions, the 232 Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 135 ‘Cossacks Lullaby’ (Lermontov, Mikhail) 199 Côte d’Ivoire 307 courts 157-8 COVID-19 pandemic 123,188,228 protests 246-7 CPI (Corruption Perception Index) 135 CPRF (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) 78,245,250-1 Crimea 194,279-80 annexation 12,82,93,121,194,267, 279-80,300 China 310 climate change 262 Clinton, Hillary 95-6 Mashani 83 voting 281 CSTO (Collective Security Treaty Organization) 299,311 Cuba 294,308 Cuban Missile Crisis 38,39 culture 55 customs union 120 cyber attacks 297,300,304 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 35,40, 294,302 Dady-yurt massacre 211 Dagestan 207-8 de-imperialization 272 de-Stalinization 37 decentralization 184,186,189-90,196, 197 defection 172,208,209 defence 296-7 dekulakization 30 Delimkhanov, Adam 214 democratic centralism 60 democratic regions 59 democracy 7,9,50,60,64,286-7 see also elections Eastern Europe 301 electoral
authoritarianism 143 Mexico 159 perestroika 184 Portugal 160 rule of law 171 Spain 159 Yeltsin, Boris 62-3,77 Department of Internal Policy 148-9 deportation 204,211-12,215 Deripaska, Oleg 8,118 détente 40 development historical vs, recent 47 digitalization 173,177-8 disabilities 227 disaster management 258 dissent 52 see also protest political 54 religious 57
Index dissidents 39,52 distribution 127-8 distributive conflict 260 dollarization 113 domestic politics 295-6 domestic violence 90,91,101,102-3 Donbas 83,95,121,267,281,282-3,300 Donetsk Peoples Republic (DNR) 76, 195,280-1,282-3 Dozhd’(TV Rain) 165 Dudayev, Dzhokhar 200,205 Duma 21,144,145,149,151-3,156t Dutch disease 109 EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) 122, 278,299,310 East Germany 64,294,302 Eastern Europe 288-9,301 economic exchange norms 128-9 economy, the 11-12,19,51,107-25 see also industrialization; informal economy, the austerity 228 banks 113-14 barter 133 Bolsheviks, the 24-5 BRICS economic group 120,122 capitalism 50,64,109-10 command 108,109-10 conservative development statism 107 COVID-19 crisis 123 crisis 114-15,118,121-2 customs union 120 diversification 257 diversity of 189 dollarization 113 Dutch disease 109 EAEU 122 family/household 128 FIGs 114 financial nationalism 107,121 five-year plans 28-9 foreign investment 311 foreign policy 297-8 ‘Fortress Russia 122 GDP 128 GKOs 114 Gorbachev, Mikhail 41-2,108,136 gradualism 110 hard budget constraints 110 hyperinflation 111,220 interenterprise debt crisis 111-12 Khrushchev, Nikita 37 liberalism, managed (2000-07) 115-18 ’loans-for-shares’ 5,114,138-9 Medvedev, Dmitry 118-19 modernization 118-19 modernization, failed (2008-13) 118-21 NEP 24-5,26-7,28,29,60 patrimonial capitalism 107 petrostate 117 ‘Pivot to Asia 121 policy dilemma 124-5 post-Soviet challenges 108-9,220 privatization 113,114,138,221 Putinism 115-24,224,228 regional politics 193 retrenchment and realignment (2014-present) 121-4 ruble zone
112-13,271,272 Russian-Ukraine war 122-3,140 sanctions 9,121-2,123-4,140 shock therapy 110-11,271 silovarchs 171-2 societal shock 220 sovereign wealth fund 116 stagnation 228-9 state capitalism 107 state control 190-1 transformation (1992-99) 109-15 World War I 21 Yeltsin government 78-9,110-15 Ecuador 308 education 53-4,80-1 see also literacy Egypt 305 347
348 Index El Salvador 308 elections 7,16,192 choice 14-15 fraud 15,166,174-8,238,276 gubernatorial 153,187-8 protests (2011-12) 238-9,246,276 recentralisation 187 State Duma 152-3,156t sub-national 181,185-6,187 Ukraine 281-2 electoral authoritarianism 143,144 emissions 254-5,256,260-1,262,263 Empire. See Russian Empire employment 29,65,222,223,228 migrants 231 wages 37-8 women 221-2,226,231 energy, restricting access to 300 energy industry 108-9,116-17,297-8 climate change 255,256,257,261, 263-4 EU 303-4 fossil fuels 255,256,257,260,263-4 India 311,312 renewables 257,264 Rosneft 117,171,308-9,311 Russia-Ukraine war 263-4,288 sub-Saharan Africa 307 Venezuela 308-9 Equatorial Guinea 308 estate system 58,74 Estonia 35,73,112,299-300,302 Ethiopia 294,307 ethnic differences 44 ethnic minorities 6,8 indigenization 26 ethnicity 75,76,77,84 federalism 183,184,185 migration 231 nationalism 207 EU (EuropeanUnion) 121,277,278,281, 282,289,303-4 Eurasian Customs Union 278 Eurasian Economic Space 120,122 Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 122, 278,299,310 Euromaiden protest movement 278-9 Europe 57,301-4 Eastern Europe 288-9,301 EU 121,277,278,281,282,289,303 European settlers 57,59 European Union (EU) 121,277,278,281, 282,289,303-4 Eve’s Ribs (Rebra Evy) 101 exceptionalism 63,74,75 exports 109 families 128,225-7 famine 30,36,222,263,276 FAR (Fatherland-All Russia) 6,186 FAR (Feminist Anti-War Resistance) 103-4,250 ‘far abroad’ states 273 Fatherland-All Russia (FAR) 6,186 February Revolution 21 Federal Assembly (Federal'noe Sobranie) 144 Federal Protective Service (FSO) 168 Federal
Security Service (FSB) 168,169, 172,173,208 federalism 76,181-5,194-7 see also Russia Federation centre-periphery relations 181-2, 184-96 Crimea 194 federal reform 186 recentralisation 186-8 Russia-Ukraine war 195-6 Soviet 25,182-4 Federation Council (Sovet Federatsii) 144,149,151-2,153,157 femininity 89,93 feminism 94,97-104 Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR) 103-4,250 FIGs (financial-industrial groups) 114 financial-industrial groups (FIGs) 114 financial nationalism 107,121
Index Finland 33 First Independent Womens Forum 97 floods 259 food security 260 supply 29-30 forced labour 31 foreign agent law 90,101,104,165, 241-2 foreign funding 98 foreign policy 72,293-312 see also international relations; territorial expansion Asia 309-12 domestic politics, influence of 295-6 economic 120-1 Europe 301-4 former Soviet republics 298-300 gender norms 91-6 identity politics 82 Latin America 308-9 MENA 305-6 natural resources 117 post-Soviet 294-5 sharp power 297,300 soft power 297 sub-Saharan Africa 306-8 tools 296-8 Ukraine ΤΠ ‘Fortress Russia’ 122 fossil fuels 255,256,257,260,263-4 ‘four Russias' concept 189 France 34,277,289,303 free riding 260-1 FSB (Federal Security Service) 168,169, 172,173,208 FSO (Federal Protective Service) 168 Furgal, Sergey 246 Gaidar, Yegor 110-11 Gazprom 117 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 128 gender norms 91-6 gender politics 87-105 foreign policy 91-6 political legitimacy 88-91 resistance 96-104 genocide 30,215,226,267,276 geography 55,189,254 Geography (Strabos) 201 Georgia 26,73,183,299-300,302 Chronicles (Kartlis Tskhovreba) 201 energy restrictions 117 homophobia about 92 Rose Revolution 82,117 war 272,288,300 Western policy 289 Germany 23,35,277,289,303 see also East Germany Hitler, Adolf 33,96 Nazi Germany 33 Ghana 294,307,308 gift-giving 135 GKOs (government bonds) 114 glasnost (openness) 41,42,43,97 ‘Go Russia (Medvedev, Dmitry) 119 Golikova, Tatiana 151 Golos 177 Golunov, Ivan 245-6 Goode J. Paul 78 Gorbachev, Mikhail 40,41-4,50 black market, the 132 Chechnya 200 economic policy 41-2,108,136 image 12 oligarchs 138
perestroika 184 Yeltsin, Boris, rivalry with 271 Gorskaya Respublika (the Mountain Republic) 203 governance 143-60 see also centre periphery relations; federalism; networks centre-periphery relations 181-2, 184-96 civil society organisations 193 Communist Party 183 349
350 Index constitutional division of powers 144-7 courts 157-8 Department of Internal Policy 148-9 government, the 144,145,150-1 governors 7,187-8,191 hierarchy 181,182,183,190 mayors 7,191-2,193 networks 2-5,15-16,127-31,227, 230 opposition 159 parliament, the 144,145,146,151-3 parliamentary systems 159 political parties 153-7 power-block ministers 145 president, the 144,145,146-50 Presidential Administration 148-9, 154 presidential-parliamentary systems 145-7,159 prime minister 144,145,148 regional legislatures 192-3 reverse-Weimar scenario 146 Security Council 148 State Duma 21,144,145,149,151-3, 156t sub-national authoritarianism 181-2 super-presidential system 78,147 vice president, the 150 Weimar scenario 146 government, the 144,145,150-1 government bonds (GKOs) 114 governors 7,187-8,191 Gracheva, Margarita 102 gradualism 110 grand corruption 134-5,136,137 Great Patriotic War 34 Great Terror (Yezhovshchina) 31-2,37 Greece 35 Greene, Samuel 223,229 greenhouse gas emissions 254-5,256, 260-1,262,263 Gromov, Aleksei 148 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 128 Gryzlov, Boris 152 Guaidô, Juan 309 Guinea 294,308 Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn, Alexander) 204 gulags 31,37 Gulf States 305 Gusinsky, Vladimir 3-4,8,139,162 hard budget constraints 110 health 232,254,260 see also mental health historical development vs. recent development 47 historical legacy 47-67,72 Chechnya 201 communist 51,59-62,64,73 Mongol rule 53 post-Soviet 50,59,61,72,76,77,82 pre-Soviet 49-50,52-9,77 Rus period 49,52 russification 75-6 Soviet federalism 182-4 symbolic issues 77,80 transition period 62-6 wild
1990s, the 64 history, falsifying 80-1 Hitler, Adolf 33,96 homo sovieticus 222-3 homophobia 89,90,92,94-5,99 human rights 239 see also repression Humphrey, Caroline 221 Hungary 35,106,294,301,302,303,304 hybrid war 304 hyperinflation 111,220 T am not afraid to talk [about it]’ (#яНеБоюсьСказати/#я НеБоюсьСказать) campaign 102 T didn’t want to die’ (#Янехотелаумирать) campaign 102 identity politics. See national identity politics
Index Igoty (benefit) reforms 225,226 illiberalism 304 image 12,69-70 imperialism 84,270-2,273 see also colonialism anti-imperialism 74-5,84,271-2,286 de-imperialization 272 re-imperialization 269-77,285 imprisonment 14,31,173,174 independence 42-3,183,184,185 Chechnya 200,202-9,215-16 Ukraine 270,271,273-7,286,287, 290 India 107,294,311-12 see also BRICS economic group indigenization 26 indigenous populations 55-6 Indonesia 107 industrialization 27,28-9,60 inequality 9,61,64,89-91,109 clientelism 231-2 corruption 231-2 economic 130-1 health 232 informal economy 229-31 political quiescence 232 Putinism 224-33 social mobility 224,227-8,229 social reproduction 227-9 spatial 189-90 state loyalty 232-3 survival strategies 221,230 transition period 219-22 war 195-6 informal economy, the 127-41,229-31 black cash (chernaya nalichnost’) 134 black market, the 131-4 blat 129-30, 230 corruption 134-7 distribution 127-8 economic exchange norms 128-9 family/household 128 gift-giving 135 money laundering 134 oligarchs 137-40 post-Soviet 130-1,135-7,138 pripiski 132 shuttle traders 133 Soviet era 129-30,135,138 tax evasion 133-4 informational autocracy 14 infrastructure, 254,262 sub-Saharan Africa 307 interenterprise debt crisis 111-12 international relations 15,35,36,38, 39-40,56 see also foreign policy; West, the EAEU 122 economic 108,120,122-3 Eurasian Economic Space 120,122 Mongol rule 53 Putin, Vladimir 92 state media portrayal 165 Internet, the 162-3,165-8,297 cyber attacks 297,300,304 restrictions 240 Investigative Committee 169,172 Iran 305,306 Iraq 294,305 Islam 73,207-8 Israel
305 Italy 225,303 Ivan III the Great (grand prince) 53 Ivanov, Sergei 168-9 Jadidism 73 Japan 311 Joint State Political Directorate (Ob’edinennoe gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie [OGPU]) 31 journalism 162-3,165 judiciary 157-8,171 Kadyrov, Akhmat 200,213-14 Kadyrov, Ramzan 15,199,214-15,216 Kalinin, Mikhail 28 Kamenev, Lev 27-8,32 351
352 Index Kampuchea 294 Kartlis Tskhovreba (Mroveli, Leonti) 201 Kazakhstan 30,299,311 Kennedy, John F. 38 Kenya 307 KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti [Committee on State Security]) 31,51 Khabarovsk 246 Khachaturyan sisters, the 102 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 205 Kherson 195 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 3-4,5,139 arrest/imprisonment 8,117,136,139, 171 Kholmogorov, Yegor 99 Khrushchev, Nikita 36-8,60 Chechnya 204 China 294 Kirienko, Sergei 79,115,148 Kirill, Patriarch 95 Kirov, Sergei 31 Kiselev, Dmitriy 164-5 Kovalchuk, Yuri 4 KPRF (Kommunisticheskaia partita Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Communist Party of the Russian Federation]) 153-4,155,156t, 192 krais 25,76,183,184 Kravchuk, Leonid 274,275 Kronstadt incident 24 Kuchma, Leonid 275 Kungayeva, Elsa 213 Kvir Svit (Queer World) 103 Kyoto Protocol 260-1 Kyrgyzstan 231,299,311 labour camps 31 language 201-2 Laos 294 Latin America 308-9 Latvia 35,42-3,299-300,302 economic policy 112 nationalism 73 law 157-8,171 LDPR (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) 78,155,156t, 192,245 leadership 3,12 succession 6-7,17,27-8,143 Lebanon 294 Ledeneva, Alena 129 Lenin, Vladimir 22,23,24,26,60 ‘Testament’ 27 Leontyev, Konstantin 82 Lermontov, Mikhail ‘Cossack’s Lullaby’ 199 Levada, Yuri 223 LGBTQ+ rights 89,90,91,94-5,98 feminist support 99 homophobia 89,90,92,94-5,99 queer activism 98,103 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) 78,155,156t, 192,245 liberalism 54,115-18 see also illiberalism Libya 294,305,306,307 Ligachev, Yegor 42 literacy 48,57,59,210 see also education Lithuania 35,42-3,73,299-300,302 Litvinenko, Alexander 172,208 living
conditions/standards 21,228-9, 263 see also poverty migrants 231 protests 242-3 Soviet 26-7,33-4,36,37-8,39 LNR (Luhansk People’s Republic) 76, 195,280-1,282-3 'loans-for-shares' 5,114,138-9 'Lugovoi' Law 240 Luhansk People’s Republic (LNR) 76, 195,280-1,282-3 Lukashenka, Alyaksandr 299 Luzhkov, Yuri 4,9,186,191 Madagascar 294 Maduro, Nicolas 308-9 magazines 14 ‘malenkii piket' Instagram page 250
Index Malenkov, Georgy 36,37 Mali 294 Malofeev, Konstantin 13,15,89 Mansur, Sheikh 203,210-11 Mao Zedong 88,294 March of Burning Hearts 99 marginalized groups 219-33 corruption 231-2 exploitation 232 informal economy 229-31 pronatal policies 225-6 Putinism 224-7 social reproduction 227-9 transition period 219-22 Mariupol-5000 street action 103 Marxism 19,20,22 Marxism-Leninism 294,301 masculinity 87,88-9,93,104 Mashani ‘My Putin (Moi Putin) 93-4 Maskhadov, Aslan 206,207 maternity benefits 225-6 Matveev, Ilya 229 Matvienko, Valentina 152 mayors 7,191-2,193 media, the 14,82,240-1 creativity 164 patriotism 164-5 propaganda 161-3 sharp power 297 social media 98,102-3,166,167-8, 250,297 state control 162-8 Medvedchuk, Viktor 283 Medvedev, Dmitry 4,89,118-19 embezzlement accusation 244 ‘Go Russia’ 119 Medvedev-Putin ‘tandem’ government 118 as president 10,80,118-19,146-7 Security Council 148 United Russia 155 Memorial 174,239,242,248 memory collective 64-5,209-13,215-16 manipulation 65,80-1 MENA (Middle East and North Africa) 305-6 Mensheviks, the 22 mental health 221 Mexico 159 middle class, the 58,59,221,229 Middle East, the 305-6 migration 8 Chechnya 200 climate change 257 European settlers 57,59 informal economy 230-1 labour 223 military, the 296-7,306 see also mobilization; Wagner Group Ministry for Natural Resources and the Environment (MNRE) 256 Minsk process 267,281,282-4 Mishustin, Mikhail 151 misogyny 95-6 Mitroshina, Alexandra 102 MNRE (Ministry for Natural Resources and the Environment) 256 mobilization 249,268,269,306 modernization 53-4,118-21 Modi, Narendra 312
Moldova 183,272,289,299-300,302 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 33 money laundering 134 Mongol rule 53 Mongolia 294 morality 82 Morocco 305 mortality 221 Moscow 25,53,189 Bolotnaya protest 238 protest laws 236 as the Third Rome 53,74 Mozambique 294 Mroveli, Leonti 201 Kartlis Tskhovreba 201 municipal filter 7 353
354 Index Muslims 73 see also Islam Mussolini, Benito 88 ‘My Putin (Moi Putin) (Mashani) 93-4 Namibia 307 Nasiliu.net (No to Violence) 101 nation-building. See development under state National Guard of Russia 169 national identity 25-6,33,71,74 see also national identity politics ethnicity 75,76,77 foreign policy 82 history and memory 80-2 Leontyev, Konstantin 82 religion 77 Russia-Ukraine war 69,72,82-4,286, 290 Soviet 75 state media 164-5 national identity politics 63,70,71-2 Putinism 80-2 national republics. See republics nationalism 26,42,70 Chechnya 200,204 Dagestan 207 ethnicity 75,76,77,84 financial 107 financial nationalism 107,121 Jadidism 73 perestroika 184 post-empire 72-6 post-Soviet 76-9 regime-state fusion 82-4 religion 77 Russia-Ukraine war 69,72,82-4 Russian Empire 73-4 settled vs. unsettled times 71-2 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 79 Soviet 73,74-6,83 states/regions 73,81 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization 35-6,283-4, 288-90,293, 301-3 ‘Partnership for Peace’ programme 302 Ukraine 267,277,281,282,283-4, 288-90,302 NATO-Russia Council 302 NATO-Russia Founding Act (1997) 302 natural resources 108-9,116-17 Navalny, Aleksei 15,137,155,173-4,233 protests 243-4,245,247-8 Nazi Germany 33 ‘near abroad’ states 273 Nemtsov, Boris 173,214,286 NEP (New Economic Policy) 24-5,26-7, 28,29,60 ‘Net Voine’ anti-war slogan 250 Network (Set) 92 ‘Twelve Labors of Putin, The’ 92 networks 2,227,230 blat 129-30, 230 distributional economic 127-8 political-economic 3-5,15-16 post-Soviet economic 130-1 power networks 3-5 Nevsky, Aleksandr 34 New Economic Policy (NEP) 24-5,26-7,
28,29,60 New People (Novye Lyudi) 155,156t New Russians 109 New START treaty (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) 296 newspapers 162,167 NGOs (Nongovernmental organizations) 174,193,227,241-2 see also civil society Memorial 174,239,242,248 Nicaragua 294,308,309 Nicholas II (tsar) 20-1 Nigeria 307 Nixon, Richard 40 NKVD (Narodnyi kommissariat vnutrenykh del [People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs] ) 31,32,211-12
Index nobility, the 58 non-Russian culture 26 Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). See NGOs North Africa 305-6 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). See NATO North Caucasus 56,192,202,203,207, 215,242,249 North Korea 294,309 North Vietnam 294 Novorossiya (New Russia) 280 nuclear weapons 296 Obama, Barack 298 oblasts 76,183,184 October Revolution 22 OGPU (Ob’edinennoe gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie [Joint State Political Directorate]) 31 okrugs 25,76 Old Believers 57 oligarchs 3-5,63,137-40 Fatherland-All Russia 6 Gorbachev, Mikhail 138 ‘loans-for-shares‘ 114,138-9 Putin, Vladimir 8-9,116,138-40,171 repression 171 sanctions 9,140 Ukraine 283 Yeltsin, Boris 5,63,114,136 OMON riot police 169,172 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn, Alexander) 37 openness (glasnost) 41 opposition, the 9-10,77,78,79,159,239 see also protest; repression constitutional amendment protests 246-7 electoral fraud 175-6 media control of 163 pension reform protests 245,246 Orange Revolution 276,285-6 Orbân, Victor 107,303,304 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) 277 Ottoman Empire 203 OUN (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists) 277 OVD-Info 238-9 Panama 294 Paris Agreement 261 parliament, the 144,145,146,151-3 parliamentary systems 159 passports 30-1 paternalism 44,65,222,232-3 patrimonial capitalism 107 Patriotic War 34 patriotism 164-5 patronage-based relationships 107,120, 237 patronalism 2-3,13,61 Patrushev, Nicolai 169 Patrushev, Sergei 148 peasantry, the 19,24,27,58 see also working class, the collectivization 29-30 dekulakization 30 food supply 29 serfdom
54,56,58,59 social mobility 61 stereotypes 223 pension reform 244-6 People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Narodnyi kotntnissariat vnutrenykh del [NKVD]) 31,32, 211-12 perestroika 41,42,43 black market, the 132-3 federalism 184 oligarchs 138 personal connections 2-3 Peter the Great (tsar; emperor) 50,53 Petrograd Soviet 22 petrostates 117 petty corruption 134 Pinochet, Augusto 88 355
356 Index ‘Pivot to Asia 121 Poland 33,35,294,301,302 poligarchs 4 Politburo, the 28 political blocs 186 political lobbying 193 political machines. See regional political machines political parties 153-7 see also political blocs; United Russia Communist Party 14,27-8,40,43,60, 183 CPRF 78,245,250-1 KPRF 153-4,155,156t, 192 LDPR 78,155,156t, 192,245 New People 155,156t SR 155,156t, 192,245 Yabloko Party 14-15,156t, 245 political prisoners 14 political protest 238,242 political quiescence 232 Politkovskaya, Anna 214 pollution 263 Pompeo, Mike 309 Popova, Alena 102 Poroshenko, Petro 281 Portugal 160 post-Soviet economic challenges 108-9,220 economic networks 130-1 foreign policy 294-5 historical legacy 50,59,61,72,76,77, 82 informal economy 130-1,135-7,138 nationalism 76-9 reform 50,62,77,78,111 republics 298-300 state relationships 272-4 Ukraine 270-3 Potanin, Vladimir 139 poverty 64,189,222,228 survival strategies 221,230 power-block ministers 145 power networks 3-4 ‘power vertical’, the 181,182,187,188, 190-1,276 pre-Soviet historical legacy 49-50,52-9 president, the 144,145,146-50 Presidential Administration 148-9,154 presidential-parliamentary systems 145-7,159 presidential succession 6-7,17 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 15,16,269,306 Primakov, Yevgeny 6,79,186 prime minister, the 144,145,148 print media 162 pripiski 132 privatization 63,109-10, 111, 113,114, 138,221 production 132 pronatal policies 225-6 propaganda 22,161-4,167,297 appeal of 164-5 electoral protests (2011-12) 239 gay propaganda ban 90 Mashani 93-4 Russia-Ukraine war 15,70,91,93-4, 268 protest 173,175,187,229
Bolotnaya 238 civil society 235-51 climate change 257 COVID-19 pandemic 246-7 electoral (2011-12) 238-9 Euromaiden movement 278-9 funding 240 Furgal, Sergey (arrest) 246 Golunov, Ivan (arrest) 245-6 Navalny, Aleksei 243-4,245,247-8 Orange Revolution 276,285-6 pension reform 244-6 political 238 regional 194 resistance acts 250 restrictions 236-7,239-42,244,245, 246-7 Russia-Ukraine war 235,248-51 single-person pickets 245-6
Index socio-economic 237,238,243 truckers’ 243 Protestantism 48,53,57 Provisional Government 21-2 Pussy Riot 94,100-1 Putin, Vladimir 5,6-7,51,72-3 see also Putinism anti-Westernism 91,92,94,101 appeal of 11-13 authoritarian rule 161-79 Chechnya 6,208-9,214-15,276 climate change 255 condom comparison 89 conservative turn, the 88-9 corruption 136-7,141 Crimea 280 East Germany 64 economic policy 115-24,131,138-41 electoral fraud 15,166,174-8 EU 303 federalism 186-7 feminism 94 foreign policy 91-2,293,294,295-6, 300,301,302-4,308 gender politics 87,89,91-2 governance 146-7,148-9 governance dilemmas 10-11 history, use of 49 Hungary 304 image 12,87,88,92,93,105,163,208-9 Latin America 308 leadership 12 LGBTQ+ issues 92,94-5 masculinity 87,88-9,105 memory manipulation 65 NATO 300,302-3 nuclear weapons 296 oligarchs/silovarchs 8-9,116,138-40, 171-2 opposition 9-10,12,13-15 as poligarch 4 power 16,63,65,80,161-79,275-6 as prime minister 88,115,118,146,208 protests under 237-51 recentralisation 186-8 regional political machines 7-8 Russian Orthodox Church 65 Russian-Ukraine war 12,15,267,268, 270 security services 169-70 sexism 95-6 state corporatism 140 strong-hand rule of 13-16 successes 82 succession 17 support 9-10,15,65,92,93-4 symbols, use of 80 terrorism 208 Ukraine 278,290 United Russia (Edinaia Rossiia) 9 unity with Russia 70 USSR, collapse of 64 Valdai speech (2013) 82 Putin Interviews, The (Stone, Oliver) 96 Putinism 80-2,115-24,224-33 Qadar zone 207 queer activism 98,103 radio 14,162 Rakhimov, Murtaza 191 Rasputin, Grigory 21 raznochintsy 54 re-imperialization 269-77,285
Reagan, Ronald 40 recalibrations 16-17 recent development vs. historical development 47 recentralisation 186-8 red belt regions 59 Red Mirror, The (Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz) 81 Reds, the 23-4 reform 54,62,225 Alexander II (tsar) 20,54 electoral 153 federal 186 Gorbachev, Mikhail 41-2,44 357
358 Index Khrushchev, Nikita 36,37-8 military 296 political 154 post-Soviet 50,62,77,78,111 Putin, Vladimir 11,186,225,243 social and economic 243 Soviet 36,37-8,41 -2,43-4 welfare 225,244-5 regime labelling 1-2 regional business people 193 regional legislatures 192-3 regional political machines 4 see also governors Fatherland-All Russia 6 Putin, Vladimir 7-8 Yeltsin, Boris 5,63 religion 34,56-7,77 see also ROC Catholicism 56 Christianity 48,52,53,56,57,74 dissent 57 Islam 73,207-8 Old Believers 57 Protestantism 48,53,57 Third Rome concept 53,74 tolerance 57 Ukraine 276-7 renewable energy 257 repression 30-2,51-2,96,168-74 Alexander II (tsar) 54 Alexander III (tsar) 20,54-5 Chechnya 200,204,214-15 dissidents 39,52 feminist 100-2,103 media, the 162-74 oligarchs 171 protest restrictions 236-7,239-42, 244,245,246-7 protests 238-9,240,241-2 Putin, Vladimir 13-14,96,168-74 siloviki 168-72 Soviet 30-2,39,60 republics 25,298-300 see also federalism; nationalism; under individual countries Baltic states/republics 42,73,183, 272,300 independence 42-3,183,184,185, 200,202-9 mobilization 249 post-Soviet 298-300 reverse-Weimar scenario 146 revolution 19,20-2,55,91,92 Chechnya 203 colour 276 Dagestan 207-8 Orange Revolution 276,285-6 Rose Revolution 82,117 Russian Spring project 280 right-wing populist movements 303 RNE (Russian National Unity) 79 ROC (Russian Orthodox Church) 56-7, 65,66,74,79, LGBTQ+ rights 95,99,100 Romania 294 Roosevelt, Theodore 35 Rose Revolution 82,117 Roskomnadzor (Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media)
166,167,241 Rosneft 117,171,308-9,311 RSFSR (Russian Soviet Socialist Federative Republic) 25,42,50 ruble zone 112-13,271,272 Rurik (prince) 52 Rus period 49,52 Russia Federation 76,184-5,194 Chechnya 204-6,213-14 Russia-Ukraine war 15,72,91,195-6, 267-70,279-84,295 anti-war activism 103-4 avoiding 285-90 Chechnya 200,216 China 310 climate change 261-4 economy, the 122-3,140 gender norms 93-4 Kherson 195
Index LGBTQ+ issues 95 national identity 69,72,82-4,286, 290 nuclear weapons 296 opposition to 174 propaganda 15,70,91,93-4,268 protests 235,248-51 referendums 195 Russian military performance 297 sanctions 121-2,123-4,140,288,303 state media control 167-8 support for 12,284-5 Western policy 287-90 Russian Empire 19-20,25,55,73-4 see also imperialism Chechnya 202-3,210-11 Russian literature 199 see also Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Russian National Unity (RNE) 79 Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). See ROC Russian Soviet Socialist Federative Republic (RSFSR) 25,42,50 Russian Spring project 280 russification 75-6 Rutskoi, Aleksandr 150 Sakharov, Andrei 39,41 Salafism 207 Samashki massacre 212 Samutsevich, Yekaterina 100 Saudi Arabia 305,311 scholarship 47 SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) 299,310,311 Sechin, Igor 4,171 secret police 20,54-5 security 275,299,311 Security Council 148 security services 31,51-2,60 OMON riot police 169,172 Putin, Vladimir 169-71 secret police 20,54-5 silovarchs 171-2 siloviki 168-72 SORM 173 surveillance 20,30,60,132,173,241-2 self-censorship 163-4 Serbia 311 Serdyukov, Anatolii 137 serfdom 54,56,58,59 see also peasantry, the sexism 95-6,99,222 Sexist of the Year competition 99 Shaimiev, Mintimer 191 Shamil, Imam 211 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 299,310,311 sharp power 297,300 shock therapy 78,110-11,271 Shushkevich, Stanislav 274 shuttle traders 133 Siberia 37,55 silovarchs 171-2 siloviki 168-72 single-person pickets 245-6 single-pyramid system 4-6,16 Skolkovo Innovation Centre 119 Skripal, Sergei 172 Slovakia 302 Slovenia 302 Slutskii,
Leonid 155 social care 227 social class 61 see also peasantry, the homo sovieticus 223 middle class, the 58,59,221,229 migration 231 serfdom 54,56,58,59 working class, the 19,29,224,228 social Darwinism 226,228 social media 98,102-3,166,167-8,250, 297 social mobility 224,227-8,229 social reproduction 227-9 socialism 132 Socialist Revolutionaries 23 society 54 see also civil society; social class activism 233 359
Збо Index civil society organisations 193 corruption 231-2 divisions 220,221 estate system 58,74 homo sovieticus 222-3 mutual aid 230 organisation of 58 serfdom 54,56,58,59 transition period 219-22 socio-economic protests 237,238,243 SOEs (state-owned enterprises) 107, 111-12,113 soft power 297 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 39,79 Gulag Archipelago 204 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 37 Somalia 307 SORM (System for Operative Investigative Activities) 173 sosloviye 58 South Africa 307,308 see also BRICS economic group South Caucasus 242,299 South Korea 311 sovereign wealth fund 116 sovereignty 74,270-1,284 Soviet Union. See USSR Soviet Womens Committee 97 Spain 159 spatial inequality 189-90 SR (Spravedlivaia Rossiia [A Just Russia]) 155,1561,192,245 stagnation 40-1 Stalin, Joseph 25-6,36,60 criticism 36-7 cult of 28 de-Stalinization 37 rise of 26-8 terror campaign 31-2,60 Stalingrad, Battle of 34 Stalinism 60,81 postwar 35 revisionist view 32 subjectivity school view 32 totalitarian school view 32 state, the see also nationalism; repression; security services development 72-9,258,273 see also historical legacy executions 172 ‘far abroad’ states 273 ideology 74 loyalty 232-3 media control 162-8 ‘near abroad’states 273 ownership 107,111 -12,113 sovereignty 74,270-1,284 stealing from 132-3 Uvarov, Sergei 74 violence 173,249 welfare 61,65,220-1,225-7,237, 244-6 state capitalism 107 state corporatism 140 State Duma (Gosudarstvemiaia Duma) 21,144,145,149,151-3,1561 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 107, 111-12,113 Stepashin, Sergei 207 Stone, Oliver Putin Interviews, The 96 Strabos
Geography 201 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START treaty) 296 sub-national authoritarianism 181-2 sub-Saharan Africa 306-8 succession 6-7,17,27-8,143 suicide bombing 209 super-presidential system 78,147 Supreme Court 158 surveillance 20,30,60,132,173, 241-2 survival strategies 221,230 symbolic issues 77,80 Syria 15,294,305,306 Chechnya 200
Index Syrova, Marina 100 System for Operative Investigative Activities (SORM) 173 Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership 274 Trotsky, Leon 23,27-8 industrialization 27 Tajikistan 231,299,311 Tatarstan 73 tax evasion 133-4 technology 173,177-8,192,259,297 see also Internet, the cyber attacks 297,300,304 telephone law 158 television 14,162,163,165,297 Temirkhanov, Yusup 213 territorial expansion 35,53,55,60 Chechnya 203 Crimea 12,82,93,121,194,267, 279-80,300 federalism 194 Ukraine 16,76,84,195 see also Russia-Ukraine war terror campaign 31-2 terrorism 6,206,208,209 Thaw, the 37,39 theft 132-3 Third Rome concept 53,74 threats 31,55,81,91,96,173,187 climate change 257,260,261-2 decentralization 189-90 foreign agent law 101 Internet, the 166 perceived Western 93-4,278-9,296 siloviki 169,170 Togo 307 Tolokonnikova, Nadia 100 ‘Too Little, Too Slow’ (UNEP) 258 trade 221,308,310 arms sales 306,307,308,310,311-12 India 312-13 trade unions 228,237 transition period historical legacy 62-6 homo sovieticus 222-3 social history 219-22 trauma 81-2 Truman, Harry S. 35 Trump, Donald 88 Tsvetkova, Iulia 102 Tunisia 305 Turkey 305,311 Turkic people 56,73 Turkmenistan 299 ‘Twelve Labors of Putin, The’ (Network [Set]) 92 Udugov, Movladi 207 Uganda 307 UK (United Kingdom) 172,303 Ukraine 16,76,91,195,299,300 see also Crimea; Russia-Ukraine war CIS 274,275 defence 282 DNR 76,195,280-1,282-3 Donbas 83,95,121,267,281,282-3, 300 economic policies 112,121 elections 281-2 energy supply disruption 299-300 EU 277,278,281,282,289 Euromaiden protest movement 278-9 famine 30 foreign policy 277
importance of 273,274 independence 270,271,273-7,286, 287,290 Kherson 195 LNR 76,195,280-1,282-3 Minsk process 267,281 nation building 268,273,275 national identity 69,72,82-4,286, 290 nationalism 73 NATO 267,277,281,282,283-4, 288-90,302 361
362 Index Novorossiya (New Russia) 280 oligarchs 283 Orange Revolution 276,285-6 OUN 277 popular opinion 281,284,285 post-Soviet 270-3 presidential elections (2004) 276 pro-Western government 279 propaganda 268 reform 282 religion 276-7 Russian economic threats 117,122 Russian Spring project 280 secession from 280-1 security 275 UPA 277 vassalization 267,269,270,274-5, 277-8,280,283-4,286,288-9 Western support 91,92 Zaporizhzhia 195 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) 277 Ulyukaev, Alexey 137,172 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) ‘Too Little, Too Slow’ 258 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 260,261 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See USSR union republics 183 see also republics United Kingdom (UK) 172,303 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). See UNEP United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 260,261 United Nations Security Council 309,310 United Russia (Edinaia Rossiia) 9,154, 155,186,187 elections 16,154,156t, 176,187,245 Putin, Vladimir 92 regional legislatures 192 weakness 159 United States (US). See US Unity 186 UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent Army) 277 urban burghers 58 US (United States) 35,38,88,283-4,293, 305-6 Chinese-Russian relations 309 cyber attacks 297 New START treaty 296 Venezuela 309 USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) 25-6,44 see also republics as affirmative action empire 75 Africa 306 allies 294-5 black market, the 132-3 Brezhnev, Leonid 39-40 Chechnya 203-4,211-12 China 310 Cold War 35-6,39-40 collapse of 4-5,43-4,83,184,236, 270-1,274 collectivization 29-30 communist legacy
51,59-62,64,73 construction 74-5 corruption 134 creation 19-20 de-Stalinization 37 dissidents 39 ethnicities 75 exceptionalism 75 federalism 25,182-4 foreign policy 294 glasnost 41,42,43,97 Gorbachev, Mikhail 41-4 history, falsification of 81 homo sovieticus 222-3 independence from 42-3,183,184, 185,200,202-9 industrialization 27,28-9 informal economy of 129-30 Khrushchev, Nikita 36-8 late socialism 39
Index Latin America 308 as multinational state 74-5 nationalism 73,74-6,83 perestroika 41,42,43 postwar Stalinism 35 protests 236 repression 30-2,81 society 220 stagnation 40-1 Stalin, Joseph 25-8,31-2,36-7 territorial expansion 35 terror campaign 31-2,81 Thaw, the 37,39 Ukraine 270 war 32-4,35,63 Warsaw Pact 36,294 Uvarov, Sergei 74 Uzbekistan 231,299 Vainakhs, The (Anchabadze, Giorgi) 201 Vaino, Anton 148 Venezuela 308-9 vice president, the 150 Vietnam 311 violence 43 see also revolution; war Aldy massacre 213 Alkhan-yurt massacre 213 anti-war protests 249 Chechnya 212 Dady-yurt massacre 211 domestic 90,91,101,102-3 electoral protests (2011-12) 238 Euromaiden protest movement 278 genocide 30,215,226,267,276 indigenous populations 55 Samashki massacre 212 state 173,249 VKontakte 166 Vladimir the Great (prince) 52 Volkan, Vamik 81 Volkov, Leonid 248 Volodin, Vyacheslav 162 voting 176-8,192,280-1 see also elections wages 37-8 Wagner Group 206,269,306,307 war 32-4,56,196,301 see also RussiaUkraine war Caucasian War 203,211 Chechnya 200,205-9,212-13, 215-16,276 climate change 262 Cold War 35-6 crimes 206,213 cult of 34 Dagestan 207-8 Georgia 272,288,300 Great Patriotic War 34 hybrid war 304 mobilization 249 Ottoman Empire 203 pollution 263 ransoms 206 Wagner Group 206 Winter War 33 WorldWarI21,23 World War II 33-4,35,63 war censorship laws 167 Warsaw Pact 36,294 Weimar scenario 146 welfare 61,65,220-1,225-7,237,244-6 West, the 72,78,289,293 see also Europe; NATO; US anti-Westernism 91,92,94-5,101 comparison with 82,89 economic policies and 120-1 paranoia about
276,278-9,287,296 relationship with 72,78,289,293 Russian-Ukraine war 287-90 sanctions 9,121-2,123-4,140,288, 303 as threat 93-4,278-9,296 UK 172,303 Ukraine 91,92 undermining 288 Whites, the 23-4 wild 1990s, the 64 Winter War 33 363
364 Index women anti-war activism 103-4,249,250 Chechen 211 Dady-yurt 211 discrimination 222 employment 221-2,226,231 feminism 94,97-104 labour 228 maternity benefits 225-6 migration 231 misogyny 95-6 rights of 89-91 sexuality 93,222 suicide bombing 209 violence against 90,91,101,102-3, 213 working class, the 19,224,228 industrialization 29 World War 121,23 World War II 33-4,35,63 memory 81 victory cult 81 Xi Jinping 309,310 Yabloko Party 14-15,156t, 245 Yakunin, Vladimir 13,89,171 Yamadayev, Ruslan 214 Yamadayev, Sulim 214 Yanukovych, Viktor 91,121,194,276, 277-9,286 Yarovaya law 166 Yavlinsky, Grigory 156 Yeltsin, Boris 4-5,6-7,43,50,270-1,295 Belavezha accords 43,270-1,272 Chechnya 200,205,206 CIS 274 corruption 135 de-imperialization 272 democracy 62-3,287 economic policy 110-11,271,272 Gorbachev, Mikhail, rivalry with 271 ideology 77 image 12 ‘loans-for shares’ 139 NATO 302 oligarchs 5,63,114,136 popular support 9 reform 62,77 resignation 115 Ukraine 271 USSR, collapse 43,270-1,274 Yeltsin government 77 economic policy 78-9,110-15,272 failure 77-8 opposition 78 protests during 237 reform 62,77,78 Rutskoi, Aleksandr 150 symbols, use of 77 Yemen 294 Yermolenko, Andrei 96 Yermolov, Alexei 211 Yezhov, Nikolai 31,32 Yezhovshchina (Great Terror) 31-2 Yugoslavia 184,294,306 Yukos 117,171 Yushchenko, Viktor 276-7,285 Zaporizhzhia 195 Zelensky, Volodymyr 91,96,267,268, 282-3,284 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 78,155 Zinoviev, Grigory 27-8,32,155 Zolotov, Viktor 169 Zorkin, Valery 158 Zubarevich, Natalia 189 Zyuganov, Gennady 5,78,114,287 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Hale, Henry E. 1966- Hale, Henry E. 1966- Johnson, Juliet Ellen 1968- Johnson, Juliet Ellen 1968- Lankina, Tomila V. 1971- Lankina, Tomila V. 1971- |
| author2_role | edt ctb edt ctb edt ctb |
| author2_variant | h e h he heh h e h he heh j e j je jej j e j je jej t v l tv tvl t v l tv tvl |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136496350 (DE-588)171344332 (DE-588)132077698 |
| author_facet | Hale, Henry E. 1966- Hale, Henry E. 1966- Johnson, Juliet Ellen 1968- Johnson, Juliet Ellen 1968- Lankina, Tomila V. 1971- Lankina, Tomila V. 1971- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049772421 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1429559179 (DE-599)BVBBV049772421 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| edition | Tenth edition |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049772421 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:09:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350338845 9781350338852 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035113585 |
| oclc_num | 1429559179 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xii, 364 Seiten Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240830 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Developments in politics |
| series2 | Developments in politics |
| spelling | Developments in Russian politics Henry E. Hale, Juliet Johnson, Tomila V. Lankina Developments in Russian politics 10 Developments in Russian politics ten Tenth edition London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2024 xii, 364 Seiten Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in politics 10 "The 10th edition of this go-to-text offers critical discussion of contemporary Russian politics and its fundamental principles. It covers established topics such as executive leadership, parties and elections, and also newer issues of national identity, protest, and Russia and Greater Eurasia. Taking a bottom-up approach, Developments in Russian Politics analyses the political system in which Putin's influence can be understood and covers frequently overlooked topics like informal economy, climate change, and gender." Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 1991- Politics and government Russia (Federation) Since 1991 (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s DE-604 Hale, Henry E. 1966- (DE-588)136496350 edt ctb Johnson, Juliet Ellen 1968- (DE-588)171344332 edt ctb Lankina, Tomila V. 1971- (DE-588)132077698 edt ctb Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-3503-3886-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-3503-3887-6 Developments in politics 10 (DE-604)BV045478943 10 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Developments in Russian politics Developments in politics Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Developments in Russian politics |
| title_alt | Developments in Russian politics 10 Developments in Russian politics ten |
| title_auth | Developments in Russian politics |
| title_exact_search | Developments in Russian politics |
| title_full | Developments in Russian politics Henry E. Hale, Juliet Johnson, Tomila V. Lankina |
| title_fullStr | Developments in Russian politics Henry E. Hale, Juliet Johnson, Tomila V. Lankina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developments in Russian politics Henry E. Hale, Juliet Johnson, Tomila V. Lankina |
| title_short | Developments in Russian politics |
| title_sort | developments in russian politics |
| topic | Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035113585&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV045478943 |
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