Russia's Turkish wars: the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century
"Russia's Turkish Wars examines the changing place of the Balkan population in Russian military thought, strategic planning, and occupation policies. It reveals that choices made by the tsarist strategists and commanders during the Russian-Ottoman wars, reflecting a general reconceptualiza...
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| Language: | English |
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Toronto ; Buffalo ; London
University of Toronto Press
[2024]
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "Russia's Turkish Wars examines the changing place of the Balkan population in Russian military thought, strategic planning, and occupation policies. It reveals that choices made by the tsarist strategists and commanders during the Russian-Ottoman wars, reflecting a general reconceptualization of the role of "the people" in modern warfare that took place during the nineteenth century. The book explores the tsarist military's engagement with the population of the Balkans in the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. It draws on previously unpublished materials from Russian archives as well as a broad range of published primary sources. Victor Taki relates the discussions among Russian military men to the international relations of the nineteenth century. Russia's Turkish Wars ultimately provides a new perspective on both Imperial Russia's Balkan entanglements and military change in the nineteenth century."-- |
| Physical Description: | xii, 306 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781487501631 |
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents List of Maps and Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Geographical Terms Introduction xiii 3 1 The Eastern Balkan Christians and Muslims in the Early Russian-Ottoman Wars 17 Balkan Auxiliaries and the Politics of Resettlement in the Early RussianOttoman Wars 19 The Intellectual Impact of the War of 1812 25 Early Russian Theorization of Small War and Partisan Action 29 The Russian Military and the Ottoman Empire during the Greek Crisis of the 1820s 34 2 The Russian Army and the Eastern Balkan Population during the War of 1828-1829 42 The Russians and the Population ofDanubian Bulgaria during the Campaign of 1828 45 Policies towards Muslims and Christians after the Crossing of the Balkans 51 The Management of Inter-confessional Relations after the War 59 3 Partisan Warfare and the Statistics of European Turkey: The Case of I.P. Liprandi 68 Liprandi’s Partisan Detachment in 1829 70 Liprandis Writings on Partisan Warfare 74 Between Orientalism and Occidentalism 80 Liprandi and the Crimean War 85
viii Contents 4 Russia and the Balkan Peoples during the Crimean War 93 The Reports of Russian Military Agents in Constantinople on the Eve of the War 97 Nicholas I and the Idea of Raising Russia’s Orthodox Co-religionists 100 Small War and the Planning of the Danubian Campaign of1854 106 Military Operations in Danubian Bulgaria and the Local Population 113 5 The Russian Army and the Ottoman Empire, 1856-1877 118 The Development of Military Statistics in the Post-Crimean Period 119 Criticism of Reform and Pan-Slavism 128 The Eastern Crisis, Russian Perspectives on Islam, and Plans for the Mobilization of Balkan Christians 133 Russian War Planning in 1876-1877 140 6 Russian Population Policies during the War of 1877-1878 149 The Formation of the Russian Provisional Administration in Bulgaria 152 Inter-confessional Violence and Population Dislocations in the Summer and Fall of 1877 158 Inter-confessional and Inter-ethnic Violence in the Concluding Stages of the War 168 San Stefano and the Outline of a New Political Order 174 7 Population Policies after the War 180 The Rhodope Uprising and Muslim Resistance in Other Parts of the Eastern Balkans 185 The Management ofMuslim and Christian Migrations after the War Muslim Service in the Militia and Bulgarian Gymnastic Societies in Eastern Rumelia 200 Conclusion Notes 217 Bibliography Index 210 293 269 194
Bibliography Archival Materials Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-lstoricheskii Arkhiv (RGVIA) f. VUA (Voenno-uchenyi arkhiv) f. 430 Bolgariia (kollektsiia) f. 439 Serbiia (kollektsiia) f. 450 Turtsiia (kollektsiia) Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (RGIA) f. 673 I.P. Liprandi f. 797 Kantseliariia Ober-Prokurora Sinoda f. 932 A.M. Dondukov-Korsakov f. 1015 S.N. Palauzov f. 1561 N.P. Ignatiev Nauchno-lssledovatel'skii Otdel Rukopisei Rossiiskoi Gosudarstvennoi Biblioteki (NIORRGB) f. 169 Miliutiny f. 327 Cherkasskie Otdel Rukopisei Rossiiskoi Natsional'noi Biblioteki (OR RNB) f. 14 Bumagi Aksakova
270 Bibliography Published Primary Sources Anuchin, D.G. “Kniaz’ V. A. Cherkasskii i grazhdanskoe upravlenie v Bolgarii, 1877-1878.” Russkaia starina, no. 2 (1895): 1-34; no. 3 (1895): 1-27; no. 4 (1895): 43-54; no. 5 (1895): 1-36; no. 8 (1895): 41-69; no. 9 (1895): 53-104; no. 10 (1895): 1-32; no. 11 (1895): 47-67; no. 12 (1895): 1-50; no. 1 (1896): 55-78; no. 2 (1896): 285-313; no. 3 (1896): 449-70; no. 5 (1896): 225-6; no. 7 (1896): 45-81; no. 8 (1896): 231-54. Barsov, N.S., ed. Tridtsatiletie deitel’nosti Odesskogo Bolgarskogo nastoiatel’stva (1854-84). Odessa: Tipografiia Shtaba okruga, 1895. Berens, A.I. “Kabiliia v 1857 godu.” Voennyi sbornik, no. 5 (1858): 121-72. Benkendorf, A.Kh. “Imperator Nikolai Pervyi v 1828-29 gg.” Russkaia starina, no. 6 (1896): 471-510. Bers, A.A. Vospominaniia opokhode v Turtsiiu v 1877-1878 gg. St. Petersburg: I.V. Leontiev, 1913. Benkrovnyi, L.G., ed. Μ. I. Kutuzov. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov. 5 vols. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1950-55. Chichagov, Μ. “Peredovoi otriad.” Voennyi sbornik, no. 8 (1878): 258-80; no. 9 (1878): 173-89; no. 10 (1878): 325-56. Danilevskii, N.Ia. Rossiia i Evropa. Vzgliad na kuTturno-politicheskie otnosheniia slavianskogo mira к romano-germanskomu. St. Petersburg: Panteleevy, 1888. Danilevskii, Nikolai. Woe to the Victors! The Russo-Turkish War, the Berlin Congress, and the Future of Slavdom. Translated by Stephen Μ. Woodburn. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2015. Davydov, D.V. Opyt teorii partizanskogo deistviia. In Sochineniia Davydova, edited by A. Smirdin, 489-640. St. Petersburg: Krasheninnikov, 1848. Depreradovich,
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Index Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine, Emir of Algeria, 123 Abdul-Aziz I, Ottoman sultan (186176), 137 Abdul-Hamid II, Ottoman sultan (1876-1908), 190 Abdul Kerim Nadir Pasha, 152 Abdul-Mejid I, Ottoman sultan (1839-61), 97 Academy of General Staff (Russian), 77, 80, 118, 120, 141; graduates of, 122, 124, 128-9, 142, 151, 154 Adrianople, 4, 8-9, 15, 175, 194, 196; Muslims of, 36, 64, 208; in Russian military writings, 63, 64, 79, 87, 127; Russian occupation of (1829), 44, 59-61, 66, 93, 102, 145, 212; Russian occupation of (1878), 168, 170, 186, 190; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 55, 58; during RussianOttoman war (1877-8), 162, 170-1, 173,185, 189; in Russian war planning (1820s), 36,43; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 102, 107-8; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 139, 145, 150, 178; sanjak of, 63, 124, 127, 184, 197-8, 201; Treaty of (1829), 14, 45, 62-3, 68, 74, 84 Adriatic Sea, 109,132 Aegean Sea, 9,43,175,189 Aidos (Aytos), 34,47, 50, 63,192-3,198; Russian occupation of (1829), 44, 56, 58 Akhulgo, 123 Akkerman, Convention of (1826), 38, 42, 69 Alabin, P.V., 199 Albanians, 71, 125, 137, 154, 196, 203; Albanian (Prizren) League, 190, 208-9; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 78, 90-1, 108-9 Alexander I, tsar of Russia (1801-25), 14,21,41,66, 76 Alexander II, tsar of Russia (1855-81), 84, 118, 128-9, 177; declaration of war on Ottoman Empire (1877), 150; policy in Bulgaria after war of 1878-9, 183-4, 187, 191,201,204, 206; reaction to Eastern Crisis, 133,141, 149; during Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 3, 152, 158 Alexander Karageorgievic, Prince of Serbia (1842-58), 116
Algeria, 11, 123, 124 Ali Pasha (Tepedelenli) of loannina, 90, 91 Alma, Battle of, 96 Aksakov, I.S., 136 Amsterdam, 76 Anatolia (Asia Minor), 44, 62, 93, 79, 122, 137, 146-8, 155, 198
294 Index Andrassy, Gyula, 133, 149,175 Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), 11 Anrep, I.K., 61 Anuchin, D.G., 158, 162, 164, 177 Aprilov, V.E., 88 Arda River, 186, 187, 190 Armenians, 79, 86, 98, 177-8, 202 arnauts, 20-1, 35, 98 Artamonov, N.D., 144, 148, 151, 166 Austria-Hungary, 133, 141, 147, 149, 181, 188 Austro-Franco-Italian War (1859), 189 Austro-Prussian War (1866), 189 ayans, 36, 52, 87 Aydin, Cemil, 134, 208 Babadag, 24, 52, 70, 147, 155 Bäilesti, Battle of, 52 Balkans, 7; Russian crossing of (1829), 45, 49-53, 59, 63-4, 85, 174, 212; Russian crossing of (1877), 162, 170. See also Eastern Balkans; Rumelia; Turkey in Europe Baltic Sea, 96,109 Bargration, P.I., 21, 22, 25 Bariatinskii, A.I., 122, 129 bashi-bazouks, 109, 124, 135, 160-2, 166-8, 170-3, 185 Bazardzhik, 43, 77 Bazili, A.K., 188 bedel, 201 Bedouins, 98 Bela (Byala), 159 Belgrade, 20,106, 111 Belotserkovets, I.V., 167 Benkendorf, A.Kh., 47 Berg, F.F., 35, 38-41, 97-8, 100, 107 Bergengeim, A.I., 68 Berlin, 76; Congress of, 180, 186, 188, 190-2, 195-203, 205-8, 215; Treaty of (1878), 181, 194, 199, 207 Berthemy, Jules, 89 Bessarabia, 8, 25, 42, 46, 69, 71,132,150; Bulgarians of, 38, 53, 63,110,116,178 Bibescu, Gheorghe, hospodar of Wallachia (1843-8), 84 Bibikov, E.M., 162, 191 Bismarck, Otto von, 133,180 Bistritsa River, 175 Black Sea, 7-9, 50, 79, 86,109,132, 137, 175; British navy in, 96, 115, 151; demilitarization of, 123,127, 145; Russian Black Sea Fleet, 43, 49, 52, 93-4, 100, 107; Russian coastal defences in, 127,184; Russian commerce in, 45; Russian control of, 102, 111 Blanqui, Jérôme-Adolphe, 88 Blount,
Henri, 127 Bobrikov, G.I., 151 Bogdanovich, I.E, 35 Boichin, Simeon, 115 Borodino, Battle of, 26, 69, 75 Bosnia, 51, 84, 86, 125, 135, 149-50; Austrian occupation of (post-1878), 181, 187; during Eastern Crisis, 133, 136; Muslim uprisings in, 48, 89-90, 99; in Russian war planning, 37, 102, 135 Bosnians, 78, 89-90, 98, 104-5, 124 Bosphorus, 100, 109 Bräila (Ibrail), 25,111 Brätianu, Ion C., 150 Bremen, 76 Bucharest, 21, 35, 62,84,103,110,154, 157; Bulgarian Central Revolutionary Committee in, 162; Treaty of (1812), 25 Bulgaria, Principality of, 4, 15, 16; borders of, 174-7, 181; Russian policies in, 183, 193-7, 199-202, 2068, 214-16. See also Danubian Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Rumelia Bulgarian militia, 167, 179; formation of, 13, 151, 156-7, 213, 214; local militias,
Index 162-3, 167,169,178; in Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia (post1878), 187, 200-4, 206, 208; projects of, 136,139-40, 210; during RussianOttoman war (1877-8), 15, 158-60, 163, 165-7, 178-9,205 Bulgarians, 3, 8-9, 16, 70, 72, 124; arming of, 52, 57, 62-3, 166, 168, 212; attitudes towards Russians, 19-20, 22, 72-3, 116, 167; migration of (post1878), 195-202, 216; as perpetrators of atrocities, 158, 162, 168, 171, 189; plans for mobilization of, 13, 113, 135-6, 138-40, 148, 157; and Rhodope Uprising, 185-7; in Russian military writings, 33, 64-5, 76, 78-9, 86-9, 98,154; during RussianOttoman war (1828-9), 46-7, 55, 57, 62, 73; during Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 155, 158-9, 167, 178-9; Russian policy towards, 21-2, 48, 58, 113, 153, 165, 179; Russian resettlement of, 23-5, 53, 63, 66, 215; in Russian war planning (1820s), 37-8; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 102, 104-13, 115; as victims of atrocities, 138,155, 162-4, 169-71, 173,188-90. See also Bulgaria, Principality of; Bulgarian militia; Eastern Rumelia Bunakov, V.A., 170 Burgas, 34; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 49-50, 55; after RussianOttoman war (1877-8), 192-3, 197-8; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 100,109 Buturlin, D.P., 36 Catherine the Great, empress of Russia (1762-96), 24, 66, 69, 81, 134, 208 Caucasus, 146-7, 152,155, 157, 183, 215; Caucasian war, 11, 119, 122, 295 129, 134, 204, 208; resettlement and emigration of Muslims from, 123-4, 130,135; Russian “pacification” of North Caucasus, 15,123, 135, 208; Transcaucasia, 64, 96 Cetatea, 94 Cherevin, P.F., 167 Cherkasskii, Vladimir
Aleksandrovich, 152-5, 158-60, 164-7, 175, 177-9 Chermen (Çirmen, Ormenio), 61, 64 Cherniaev, Μ.I., 129, 136, 141 Chernyshev, A.I., 45, 50, 80 Chernyshevskii, N.G., 128 cheta, 72,166, 205 Chichagov, M.M., 162 Chodzko, Joseph, 68 Chorlu (Çorlu), 64 Chulkov, P.P., 172 Circassians, 8, 105, 154, 156, 160-4, 167-8,195; atrocities allegedly committed by, 141, 155, 170-1, 174; involvement in Rhodope uprising, 185; in Russian army, 141; Russian policy towards, 177, 194-5, 207-8. See also Caucasus Clausewitz, Karl von, 6 Constantinople, 4, 8-9, 50, 93, 111, 174, 184-8; commission on refugees, 194— 5; Conference of (1876), 146, 149, 154, 160,175; Menshikovs mission to, 94; Muslim refugees in, 170, 190; Ottoman capture of, 81; Russian envoys (ambassadors) to, 38, 127, 142, 144, 174, 188, 194, 204; Russian military agents in, 14, 38, 41, 97-100, 124,134; Russian naval blockade of (1829), 43; in Russian war planning, 36, 44-5, 102, 142, 146-8, 150, 178; in writings of Russian Pan-Slavists, 138 Cossacks, 18, 21, 25, 46, 145; Azov Host, 46; during Danubian campaign (1853-4), 108; Don Host, 26, 183,
296 Index Cossacks (continued) 185, 205; Nekrasovtsy, 38,45-7, 70; at North Caucasus, 123,130; Ottoman Cossacks, 116; role in small war and partisan action, 30-3, 75, 76; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 51, 53, 56, 58-9, 71, 73; during and after Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 165, 167,191; Ukrainian Cossacks, 8, 86, 215; Ural Host, 184; Zaporozhian Cossacks, 38,45-6, 70 Covalla, 185 Crimea, 15, 96, 124, 132, 135, 150 Crimean Khanate, 19 Crimean Tatars 8,124, 215 Crimean War, 8, 13-15, 28, 80, 124, 215; Danubian campaign of (1853-4), 96, 100-17, 206, 213; impact on Russia, 118, 122, 145; outbreak of, 13, 68, 127, 135; tensions leading to, 82, 85, 93 Cuban War of Independence, 11 Dacian Kingdom, 83 Dandevil, V.D., 170 Danilevskii, N.Ia., 131, 132 Danube, 3; Lower Danube as war theatre, 7-9,13, 20; Ottoman fortresses on, 8, 37, 69,102,144; Russian crossing of (1773), 19; Russian crossing of (1809), 21,23; Russian crossing of (1828), 43, 45,46; Russian crossing of (1854), 94, 100, 103,106-7,110-11,113; Russian crossing of (1877), 3,148,150-1,158, 178,215 Danubian Bulgaria, 14, 69, 80, 127; in Danubian campaign (1853-4), 113-16; depopulation of, 24, 53,103, 165; Muslims of, 79, 86, 154, 164; population of, 19, 53, 70, 87, 178-9; in Russian-Ottoman war (1806-12), 21-2, 25; in Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 46,49-50, 63, 66; in Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 3, 150,152,168; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 103, 109, 110; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 135, 142, 144, 147, 151. See also Dobrogea Danubian Principalities. See Moldavia and Wallachia Dardanelles, 43,137-8 Davydov,
Denis, 12,29-33, 75-7 Decembrists, 27-9 deli, 109 Deliorman, 8, 23, 109,147, 161, 192; Bulgarian volunteer detachments in, 115-16; I.P. Liprandi’s detachment in, 73-4, 92; Muslim partisans in, 43, 47, 51, 212; Muslim population of, 78-9, 86, 108, 116, 142, 178,203 Demotika (Didymoteicho), 59, 60, 62, 64, 191,200 Depreradovich, F.M., 167 devsirme, 9 dhimmi, 9 Dibich, 1.1. (Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch), 14, 39,43-4, 70, 73; policies towards East Balkan population, 50-3, 55-9, 62-3, 67, 212 Disraeli, Benjamin, 134 Ditmars, E.I. (Dittmars, Eberhard von), 68 Diugamel, A.O., 39,46-7, 53, 63-4, 68 Dnieper River, 45 Dobrogea, 23,42, 79,147; Christian population of, 8,165; depopulation of, 24,46, 65, 142, 212; Muslim population of, 9,19, 46, 78-9, 124, 155 Dometti, P.A., 164 Dondukov-Korsakov, A.M., 16,183-4, 186-9, 193-208,210-11,215 Dostoyevsky, Fedor Mikhailovich, 84 Dragomirov, M.I., 128, 129 Drummond-Wolff, Henry, 191, 203, 205
Index Dufferin, Frederick (Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava), 197,205 Dunavets, 38, 46 Dzhumaia (Yukari Cuma, Blagoevgrad), 199 Dzhumla (Eski Cuma, Targovishte), 23,25 Eastern Balkans, 4, 6-8, 145-6, 152-3, 178-9, 194, 214-16; population of, 7-8, 20,41, 135, 148, 153, 179; Russian occupations of, 4, 13,15-16, 153, 179, 207, 209,211-12 Eastern Crisis (1875-8), 16, 134, 206, 208, 212, 213; outbreak of, 133, 152, 181; Russian pan-Slavism at time of, 131,136,138; Russian war planning at time of, 119, 142, 148 Eastern Rumelia, province of, 4, 15-16, 181, 184-5, 188, 190-206, 208, 214-16 Egypt, 48, 78, 136, 137 Eiffel, Gustave, 150 Ekaterinoslav guberniia, 53 Elena, 111, 115,166 Enegolm, E.I., 64-5, 68, 79 Engelgardt, A.E., 77 Erzurum, 147 Eski Zagra, 168, 173, 185, 189, 203; atrocities in, 174, 187; during first Russian occupation and retreat (1877), 162-4 Evdokimov, N.I., 123 Evpatoria, 96 Fadeev, Rostislav Andreevich, 142,148, 157, 179, 210, 213-14; criticism of Russian military reforms, 130-1; and Eastern Crisis, 136-40; and “pacification” of North Caucasus, 122-3, 129; and pan-Slavism, 132-3 Ferre, 191 Finland, 75,132 297 First Slavic Congress (1848), 84 First World War, 6, 12, 25, 211 Fitzgerald, C., 193 Fonton, PA., 57 Foreign Ministry (Russian), 4, 149,180, 205,210 Fourier, Charles, 84 France, 27,42, 78, 84, 91, 189; campaign of 1814 in, 75; and Crimean War, 94, 96, 106-7; and Eastern Crisis, 133, 188; of Napoleon, 12; revolution of 1789 in, 6, 10-11, 199, 212; revolution of 1830 in, 82; revolution of 1848 in, 84; Russian
occupation of (1815-18), 69; and Tanzimat, 93, 97 Franco-Prussian War (1870-1), 189 Frankini, V.A., 124-5 Franz Joseph I, emperor of Austria (1848-1916), 149 French Revolutionary Wars, 6, 67. See also Napoleonic Wars Gabrovo, 88, 111, 115, 147, 164, 167 Galati, 113, 145, 155 Gallipoli, 175 Garting, I.M. (Harting, Johann Festus), 70 Gartvig, N.G., 197-9 Geiden, F.L., 138, 157 Geiden, L.P. (Heiden, Lodewijk Sigismund Vincent Gustaaf Reichsgraf van), 43 Geismar, F.K. (Geismar, Friedrich Caspar von), 43, 52 General Staff (Russian), 15, 34, 119-21, 125, 141; Military-Scientific Committee of, 80; Mobilizational Committee of, 141. See also Academy of General Staff (Russian) Geographic Society (Imperial Russian), 122, 154 Germany, 10, 71, 75-7, 120, 138, 188; unification of, 122, 133 Gerov, Naiden, 167
298 Index Ghica, Grigore, hospodar of Wallachia (1822-8), 70 Girardin, Saint-Marc (Marc Girardin), 83-4, 88 Girs, Κ.Ε, 136, 138, 180, 205 Girsov (Hârsova), 9, 43, 100, 103, 112 Giumiurdzhin (Gümülcine), 186 Giurgiu, 23, 25, 50 Gladkyi, losip, 46 Gladstone, William, 134 Golovin, E.A., 52, 58 Gorchakov, A.M., 127, 129, 142, 180 Gorchakov, M.D., 91,94, 113, 115-16, 118,214 Gor), 72 Grabbe, P.Kh. fon, 112 Great Britain, 42, 90, 106-7, 133, 138, 180; anti-Ottoman sentiment in, 134; anti-Russian sentiment in, 82, 96; declaration of war on Russia, 94; and Tanzimat, 93, 97; tensions with Russia (1878), 186-8, 191 Greece, 28, 42, 45, 65, 201, 211; independence of, 4, 81 Greek-Bulgarian Church Schism (1870), 8, 127 Greeks, 8, 9,22,28-9, 96,124; in Russian military writings, 33, 63, 65, 79, 80, 86-8, 90, 137, 154; Russian policies with respect to (1877-9), 167, 175, 177-8, 196, 198-202; in Russian war planning (1820s), 34, 36; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 1045, 112. See also Phanariote Greeks Greek War of Independence (1821-30), 4, 28,35,42,213 Greig, A.S., 43, 52, 62 guerilla warfare, 12, 32, 75-6, 86, 123 Gurko, I.V., 150, 157-8, 162-4, 168-9, 179, 187 Habsburg monarchy, 7, 11, 50, 112-13. See also Austria-Hungary Hadji Stavri Koinov, 115 hajduks, 20-1,65,74,87-9,91,108-9, 157 harac, 99 Haskioi (Haskovo), 170,171 Hermanli (Harmanli), 61, 62, 66,170; massacre of, 171-3 Herzegovina, 99,112,124-5,150,187; Austrian occupation of (post-1878), 181; uprising in (1875), 133, 135-6, 140, 149 Herzen, Alexander, 129 Holy Alliance, 131 Holy Places, 93, 94 Hungary, 84 Ia§i, 28, 35, 37, 70
Ibraghim Pasha, Kavalali, 42 Ignatiev, N.P., 127,129,142,144, 146-9, 174-5 Iliashevich, LL, 178 Illyria, 90, 109 India, 11,93, 147 Ionian Islands, 90, 109 Irepoli, 62 Isaev, I.I., 21, 22 Isakcha (Isaccea), 8, 9,43,155 Islam, 8, 56, 89, 90,125; Russian perspectives on, 134-5,153, 201, 208, 215 Italians, 105 Italy, 10, 29, 188 luzefovich, T.P., 165, 167 Ivanov, I.S., 199 janissaries, 33, 39, 40, 89; destruction of, 37,40,97, 98,102 Jews, 9, 86, 177-8 jizya, 9 Jomini, A.-H., 33 Kabulistan, 147 kadi, 181 Kalmykov, A.I., 205
Index Kalmyks, 19 Kamchik (Kamchia) River, 48, 50 Kamenskii, M.F., 24 Kamenskii, N.M., 21-2, 48,103 Kanitz, Felix Philipp, 175 Kankrin, E.F. (Cancrin, Georg Ludwig), 35-6 Kara Lom River, 115,161 Karnobat, 50, 56, 58, 63-4, 192, 197 Karpout, 124 Kassel, 76 Kazan, University of, 80 Kazan (Kotei), 58,111 Kazanlyk (Kazanlik, Kazanlak), 111,160, 162-4, 166, 171, 203; atrocities in, 173-4, 187, 189 Kern, Lieutenant Colonel, 51 Khitov, Panaiot, 166 Khiva, khanate of, 122 Khomutov, Μ.G., 59, 60 Kiev, 183; military district of, 165, 183 Kirdzhali (Kardzhali), 185 kirdzhali, 20, 21, 73 Kirk Kilise (Kirklareli), 64, 102 Kiselev, P.D., 35, 48-9, 69, 70; as head of Russian provisional administration in Moldavia and Wallachia, 83,104,183 Kishelskii, I.K., 135-6, 138, 148, 157, 213-14 Kishinev, 146 Kiustendil (Kyustendil), 185 Kizilendzhi (Kizlenci), 63 klephts, 20, 91,109 Kochubei, V.P., 49 Kogälniceanu, Mihai, 150 Kokand, khanate of, 122 Kompan, Colonel, 61 Koronelli, A.Ia., 25 Kovalevskii, E.P., 105 Kovalevskii, G.A., 173 Krassovskii, A.I., 51 Kuban River, 123 Kucuk-Kainarji, Treaty of, 22 299 Kulevcha, Battle of, 44, 50, 53, 73 Kupreianov, P.Ia., 47, 50 Kurds, 35, 98 Kustenci (Constanta), 24 Kutuzov, M.I., 24-5, 34-5, 63 Lamartine, Alphonse de, 88 Lanzheron, A.E (Louis Alexandre Andrault, comte de Langeron), 37-8,70 Lavrentiev, A.V., 125 Laz people, 98 Len, Fedor, 34 Lenin, Vladimir, 128 Levitskii, K.V., 151 Liders, A.N., 113, 118 Liprandi, Ivan Petrovich, 14, 38, 68; as commander of partisan detachment (1829), 70-4, 213; contribution to military statistics, 78-80, 85-92, 154, 175; as
military orientalist, 80-2, 91; participation in Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 47, 48, 70; as Russian intelligence and police agent, 69, 70, 83-4, 131; and Russian war planning (1853-4), 108-9, 115; writings on partisan warfare, 74-8 Liprandi, P.P., 115 Lisevich, F.K., 193 Livonia, 132 Lobanov-Rostovskii, A.B., 188, 194-5, 204-6 London, 129, 180; Treaty of (1827), 42; Straits Convention of (1841), 93 Longeville, Eugène Perruchot, 89 Loudon, Jane Webb, 89 Lovcha (Lovech), 25,164 Lule-Burgas (Liileburgaz), 64, 171, 178 Luneburg, 76 Macedonia, 9, 86-7, 137, 139, 154, 186; Bulgarian insurgents in, 205-6; Bulgarian emigration from, 196-7, 199; question of, 175, 181
300 Index Macedonians, 78,196, 206 Machin (Mâcin), 9,43, 111, 155 Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (1808-39), 39-42, 56, 66, 81, 89, 93, 97-100 Makhzar (Mazhar) Pasha, 191 Maksheev, A.I., 122 Mamarchev, Georgi, 62 Mann, Michael, 10 Manzei, K.N., 198 Maritsa River, 9, 87,142,151,172, 175, 181 Marmara, Sea of, 38, 109 Maronites, 98 McCarthy, Justin, 210 Mehedinti, 72 Menshikov, A.S., 43, 94,100,118 Mikhail Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 144, 147 Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, A.I., 26, 76, 79 Mikhail Pavlovich, Grand Duke, 80 Mikhelson, I.L., 21-2,102 Milan Obrenovic, prince, later king, of Serbia (1868-89), 136 military revolution, 17 Miliutin, Dmitrii Alekseevich, 118, 129-30, 152, 179; and Eastern Crisis, 135-6, 138; and military statistics, 120-2, 127; and “pacification” of North Caucasus; 123; in RussianOttoman war (1877-8), 154, 158-60, 164; and Russian policies in Bulgaria (1878-9), 183, 187, 195, 200, 202; and Russian war planning (1876-7), 141, 144-5, 151 Miliutin, N.A., 152 millets, 8; Greek Orthodox millet, 94 Milos Obrenovic, prince of Serbia (1817-39, 1858-60), 45, 66 Minkov, Todor, 136 Mirdita, 124 Mirzoian, Manuk-bey, 22 Moldavia and Wallachia, 20, 38, 68, 71, 84, 86, 88; armed forces, 104; autonomy within Ottoman Empire, 7, 81,110,115; Greek rebellion in (1821), 28, 66, 69; Little Wallachia (Oltenia), 42, 52, 103, 107-8, 112-13, 115; organic statutes of, 83, 84, 183; Russian occupation of (1853-4), 94, 102-5, 110; during Russian-Ottoman war (1806-12), 21, 23-5, 37; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 42; Russian protectorate in, 7,45,127; Russian provisional administration in
(1828-34), 4, 83, 104, 183 Molostovov, P.M., 197 Montenegrins, 71, 85, 106, 109 Montenegro, 137, 146, 149,174, 181, 190, 203 Montrezor, K.L., 53, 55, 57-8,61 Moscow, 14, 71, 109, 136, 152; military district of, 165; Moscow Slavic Benevolent Committee, 133,140,165; province of, 76; University of, 84 Muhammed Ali, governor of Egypt (1805-48), 42, 48, 93, 97, 100 Mukhin, N.Ia., Ill Murad V, Ottoman sultan (1876), 137 Muraviev, A.N., 26 Muraviev, N.N. (Muraviev-Amurskii), 122 Muraviev, N.N. (Muraviev-Karskii), 97 Muscovy, 18, 25, 75, 131, 132 Naglovskii, D.S., 170, 174 Nakhimov, P.S., 94 Naples, Kingdom of, 91 Napoleon I, emperor of France (180415), 6, 12, 26-7, 69, 72 Napoleon III, emperor of France (1852— 70), 94 Napoleonic Wars, 10-14, 109, 118, 128, 213; impact on Russian military, 27, 40, 67-8, 213
Index nationalism, 7, 27, 180, 183, 205, 211 Navarino, Battle of, 42 Neale, Edward, 127 Nelidov, A.I., 174 Nemirovich-Danchenko, V.I., 173,174 Nepokoichitskii, A.A., 151, 158-60,179 Nesselrode, K.V., 39, 45,105 Nicholas I, tsar of Russia (1825-55), 14, 41, 74,97, 118, 135; attitude towards pan-Slavism, 84; policy towards Balkan Christians (1828-9), 55-7, 62-3, 66-7; policy towards Balkan Christians (1853-4), 13-14, 96, 103-6, 112, 115, 117, 206,213; policy towards Ottoman Empire, 37,42, 45, 52-3; role in outbreak of Crimean War, 94, 96; role in Russian military planning (1853-4), 100, 106-7, 115-16, 214; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 43,47,49, 51, 59, 70, 92, 212 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 179, 183, 189, 194; attitude towards Obruchev, 128, 148; as commander of Russian army (1877-8), 156-60, 165-6, 169,171; and Russian strategy (1877), 150-2 Nikopol, 9, 20, 48, 158, 165-7, 185 Nish (Nis), 22, 37, 87, 88, 135 Nogais, 18, 20 Novikov, E.P., 133, 149,180 Obruchev, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 118, 120, 122, 126-9, 133, 154; and Russian war planning (1876-7), 141-2, 145-8, 150-2 Odessa, 28, 96, 110, 136 Official Nationality, 28 Old Believers (Russian), 8, 45, 155 Old Regime, 12, 18, 45, 67, 92, 212 Oltenita, 94 Orientalism, 30, 64, 80-2 301 Orlov, G.G., 23 Orlov, M.F., 69 Osman Nuri Pasha, 152,168 Osman Pazar (Omurtag), 160,193 Osten-Saken, K.L, 98-100 Ottoman army, 22-3, 46, 90,139,149, 212; Ottoman militia, 35, 98, 146, 193; Russian assessments of, 39-40, 78, 80, 97-100, 134, 137; in Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 55, 57; during and after Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 170,
186, 189, 190 Ottoman Empire, 4, 8; Orthodox Church in, 8; Ottoman government, 7, 48, 93, 103-4, 106; policies of, 63, 66, 94, 97, 124, 141, 149; post-1878 policies of, 186, 187, 191-2, 195, 198, 205-6. See also Anatolia; Rumelia; Tanzimat; Turkey in Europe Ottoman Muslims, 3,8-9, 88-9, 92, 105, 189; attitude towards Ottoman government, 14, 39-40, 86, 97-100, 124, 134; attitude towards Russians, 20, 59, 99-100; disarmament of, 62, 155, 160, 214; in Eastern Rumelia after 1878, 198, 200, 202, 204; ethnic cleansing of, 210; numbers of, 99, 126, 154; migration of (post-1878), 188, 193-5, 198, 207-8, 211; as perpetrators of atrocities, 3, 61, 66, 189, 196; in Principality of Bulgaria after 1878, 181, 200-1, 207; as refugees, 3-4, 158-9, 161, 165, 169, 190; in Russian military writings, 334, 63-5, 68, 79-81, 86, 135; Russian policies towards, 14-15, 47, 56, 60, 74, 153, 159, 177-9, 191, 210; in Russian war planning (1820s), 36-8, 41, 49, 50; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 109, 116-17; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 137, 146-8, 157, 178; as victims of atrocities, 15, 58, 155, 156,
302 Index Ottoman Muslims (continued) 158, 160, 164,171-3, 178-9, 216. See also Albanians; Bosnians; Circassians; Crimean Tatars; Hermanli: massacre of; Partisans; Pomaks; Rhodope Uprising Ovsianyi, N.R., 175, 178 Palauzov, N.Kh., 110, 111, 115 Palauzov, S.N., 88, 110-11, 115 Palen, P.P., 55, 57 Paniutin, V.F., 171, 172 pan-Slavism, 84,127, 131, 137 Papacy, 88, 91 Parensov, P.D., 151, 156 Paris, 126; Treaty of (1856), 96, 123, 127, 150 partisans: Bulgarian partisans in Macedonia, 205; Bulgarian partisans in Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 166; Muslim partisans in early Russian-Ottoman wars, 23; Muslim partisans during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 43, 47-8, 51, 65-6, 73; Muslim partisans during RussianOttoman war (1877-8), 162-3, 178, 212; pro-Russian partisans in Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 71-4, 91-2, 110, 213; pro-Russian partisans during Danubian campaign (1853-4), 110-11, 115-17; Russian partisans in War of 1812, 71, 76; Russian theorization of partisan action, 29-33, 70, 76, 77, 139. See also Bulgarian militia; guerilla warfare; peoples war; small war Paskevich, I.F., 118; during Crimean War, 100, 102-4, 106-7, 112-16, 214; in Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 44, 144 people, concept of, 27-8; role in war, 33, 67, 92, 212 peoples war, 12-14, 216; during Danubian campaign (1853-4), 117; during Eastern Crisis, 151, 210, 213; and partisan action, 34, 91, 92; Russian discussion of (post-1812), 26-28, 40; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 45, 47, 66, 212-13. See also guerilla warfare; partisans; small war Pestel, P.I., 27 Peter the Great, tsar of Russia (1689-1725), 7, 12,
35 Petrashevtsy Conspiracy, 84,131 Petrovic, George (Karageorge), 21 Phanariote Greeks, 7, 88 Philhellenism, 45, 65 Philiki Etaireia, 28, 66 Philippopolis (Filibe, Plovdiv), 8, 177, 181, 186-7, 192,200,203; Battle of (1878), 168, 170-1, 185, 207; province of, 173, 177, 185-6, 189, 194, 196-7; Russian occupation of (1878), 208; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 87-8; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 140 Platov, Μ.I., 26 Plevna, 152, 158,166-7,174, 185; Russian defeats at, 164-5,179; Russian siege of, 168,174, 184, 189 Pogodin, Μ.I., 84 Poland, 122, 132, 152, 208; Polish émigrés in Ottoman Empire, 97, 205; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 18; Polish November Uprising (18301), 28, 82-3; Polish Uprising (1863), 128-9, 132, 152, 204 Pomaks, 8, 154, 177, 185, 208 Ponset, M.I. (Poncet, François-Michel de), 70 population politics, 11,214 Potemkin, G.A., 23 Prague, 84 Pravodi (Provadia), 47, 50, 57
Index Prozorovskii, A.A., 21 Prussia, Kingdom of, 78,82, 120, 133; Prussian army, 75, 98,130; Prussian military reforms, 12 Pruth Campaign (1711), 7 Pruth River, 28, 150 Pushkin, A.N., 32-3 Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeevich, 82 Rakovski, Georgi Sava, 111 Rauf Pasha (Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha), 193 Razgrad, 22,25, 77, 115, 193 reaya, 23, 25, 46 Reichstadt, 149 Reshid Pasha, Mustafa, 111 Rhodope Mountains, 9,154,172,198, 203, 205; Rhodope Commission, 188-91; Rhodope Uprising, 15, 185-8, 190-1, 207, 215 Ribopier, A.I. (Ribeaupierre), 38 Ridiger, EV. (Rüdiger, Friedrich Alexander Graf von), 56-7 Robert, Cyprien, 88 Rodosto, 175 Romanenko, A.S., 155 Romania, 4, 140, 151, 156, 211; boyars of, 69; Bulgarian minority in, 157, 166, 178; independence of, 174, 180-1; Romanian nationalism, 7, 180; in Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 166, 168; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 146, 150. See also Moldavia and Wallachia Romanians, 84,86, 105, 131 Romanovs, Russian dynasty, 11 Rot, L.O. (Roth, Loggin O.), 42-3, 47, 52, 57, 61 Rozalion-Soshalskii, A.G., 68 Rozhnov., L.I., 174 Rudzevich, A.Ia., 43 Ruge, E.V. (Ruge, Carl Emanuel Victor von), 68 303 Rumelia, 24, 34-6, 39, 53, 56-65, 86, 99, 174. See also Eastern Rumelia Rumiantsev, P.A., 19,20,23-4, 32,48,103 Rupert, Via. (Rupertus, Wilhelm Jakob), 73 Rushchuk (Ruse), 9, 20,48, 50,115, 178; Russian siege of ( 1877), 183; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 103, 107,111-12; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 145, 147, 150-1 Rusokastro, 53, 55, 63 Russian army, 6, 9,13; compared to European armies, 18-19; impact of French Revolutionary and
Napoleonic Wars on, 11-13; military reforms of 1860s and 1870s, 15, 118, 120-2, 127, 129-30, 136, 138; Russian military intelligence, 38-9, 51, 69-71, 83, 85, 91, 151, 154-7, 166, 193; Russian military intelligentsia, 26-7, 118; Russian military statistics, 11, 15, 64,119-22,127-9, 148; Russian volunteers in Serbian army, 141, 157; Russian War Ministry, 15,105, 124, 127-8, 156, 183; use of Balkan Christian volunteers, 20-1, 52, 57-8, 61-3,71-4, 115-16,214. See also Academy of General Staff (Russian); Bulgarian militia; Cossacks; partisans Russian-Ottoman wars, 6, 13, 32, 55, 64, 103, 122, 213-14; impact on Balkan population, 55, 87, 165, 178, 211, 216; Russian military reflection on, 19, 34-5, 70, 78,91, 141-2, 144 Russian-Ottoman war (1768-74), 19-21, 23-4 Russian-Ottoman war (1787-92), 20, 24 Russian-Ottoman war (1806-12), 25, 31, 35, 65, 70, 89, 102; depopulation and resettlement during, 24, 38, 41, 46, 47; Ottoman partisans during, 76, 86; Russian use of Balkan volunteers during, 19, 21, 46
304 Index Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 4,14, 41-68, 70, 89-92, 107, 212; as example of conservative approach to warfare, 37, 92, 97; and Russian discovery of Balkan Slavic peoples, 85 Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 4, 13-15, 148-79, 184, 206, 210-11 Sabaneev, I.V., 69, 70 Saffet Pasha (Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha), 189 Salaheddin Bey, 126 Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot GascoyneCecil, 3rd Marquess of), 149,175 Saloniki, 175 Samarin, lu.F., 152 Sarajevo, 89 Sava River, 7 Savonians (Savolaks), 75 Sebastopol, 96,135 Second World War, 11 Selim III, Ottoman sultan (1789-1807), 39,81 Serbia, 4, 68, 81, 84, 86, 88,109,110, 203; borders of, 135, 149, 190, 200; First Serbian Uprising (1804-13), 73, 89; independence of, 174, 211; Muslim emigration from, 79, 86, 181; Old Serbia, 186; in Russian military planning (1853-4), 89, 102,107,11213; Serbian-Ottoman War (1876), 136, 137, 140-1,146 Serbs, 3, 50, 85, 135, 138, 157; in Russian military writings, 88-90, 98; in Russian war planning, 37,102,104-7, 112-13, 115-16 Serres, 87 Server Pasha, 173-4 Sevlievo, 25,160 Shamil, imam of Chechnya and Dagestan (1834-59), 122-3, 141 Sheinovo, Battle of (Battle of ShipkaSheinovo), 168, 170-1, 174, 189 Shipka Pass, 164-5,167-8,174,189 Shkoder, 45 Shtoffeln, Kh.E fon (Stoffeln, Johann Christoph von), 23 Shumla (Shumen), 9, 42,44,47, 50, 58, 62,158,186,193; Ottoman transfer to Russians (1878), 185,191-3, 203; region of, 24, 195, 209; Russian blockade of (1828), 43, 48-9, 51, 70, 72; in Russian military planning (1853-4), 103,107, 115; in Russian military planning (1876-7), 139-40, 142, 145, 147, 150-1
Shuvalov, P.A., 180,188 Silistria, 9, 43, 47-8, 77, 113, 115; region of, 24, 74; in Russian military planning (1853-4), 100, 103,106, 107, 111, 112; in Russian military planning (1876-7), 145, 147,151; Russian siege of (1828-9), 44, 48-50, 53, 73; Russian siege of(1854),96,116 Sinclair (Stanislas Graham Bower Saint Clair), 190 Sistova (Svishtov), 48, 111, 158,160, 163, 165-7, 174 Sivas, 124, 147 Sivers, V.K., 60 Skene, James Henry, 89 Skobelev, M.D., 129, 169-72 Skupshchina (Serbian parliament), 89 Slade, Adolphus, 89 Slaveikov, Petko, 163 Slavophiles, 28, 83, 130-1, 134, 152, 153 Slivno, 57-8, 63-4, 189,196; atrocities in, 170; province of, 55, 154, 160, 192, 197, 199 Slobodzeia (Slobozia), armistice of, 21 small war; during Danubian campaign (1853-4), 106, 108-10, 115; during Russian-Ottoman war (1828-9), 48, 70-1, 73; Russian theorization of, 29-34, 39-40, 69, 76-7, 89. See also guerilla warfare; partisans
Index Sobolev, L.N., 154 Sofia, 74, 87,107,142,186,189; province of, 88, 175, 181, 196, 199-200; Russian occupation of, 168 Sofronii Vrachanskii (Sophronius of Vratsa), 22 softas, 173 Soissons, 76 South Africa, 11 Sozopol, 43, 52, 62 Spain, 10, 29, 33, 77 Stoletov, N.I., 157, 163, 167, 213-14 Stolypin, A.D., 166-7; as governor general of Eastern Rumelia, 184-6, 191-2, 196-8,202, 204,206, 214 St. Petersburg, 14,141,146, 156-7, 196, 205; Convention of (1826), 42; military district of, 165; militia of (1812), 58; Ulan regiment of, 53; University of, 80 Stratford de Radcliffe (Stratford Canning), 94 Stroganov, G.A., 37 Strukov, A.P., 171-2 Sturdza, Ioan Alexandru, hospodar of Moldavia (1822-8), 70 Sukhozanet, N.O., 124 Sukhtelen, P.P., 37-8,43 Suleiman Husnu Pasha, 162-3,168-72, 174, 185, 189, 207 Suvorov, A.V., 24, 84 Syria, 93, 99, 156 Tanzimat, 9, 81-2, 93, 97,100,134 Tashkent, 122,136 Tatar Bazardzhik (Pazardzhik), 140, 170-1, 174 Taurida gubernia, 53 Terentiev, Major General, 55 Tian-Shan Mountains, 122 Tibet, 122 Timan, M.A., 53, 55 Timok River, 86 305 Tiutchev, EL, 84 Tol, K.F., 49, 53, 55,61 Tolstoy, Leo, 12,184 Totleben, E.L, 164; as Russian commander-in-chief (1878-9), 183-7, 189-92, 195-6, 200, 202-4, 206 Tott, François de, 32, 81 Trajan Wall, 53 Tseretelev, A.I., 192, 200 Tuchkov, P.A., 39 Tuchkov, S.A., 52, 70 Tudor Vladimirescu, 28 Tulcha (Tulcea), 9, 43, 111, 155,165,167 Tundja River, 164 Turkey in Europe, 7, 44, 81, 85,180, 211. See also Balkans; Eastern Balkans; Ottoman Empire; Rumelia Turnu, 50 Turtukai, 24, 47, 74 Tvitchev, M.D., 155 Tyrnovo (Tarnovo), 22,
87-8, 115, 175; Bulgarian National Assembly in, 181, 196; during Russian-Ottoman war (1877-8), 150, 157-60, 163-5, 174, 205, 207 Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme, 126, 154 Ungern, K.K. fon., 24 Unkiar Iskelessi, Treaty of, 93 Urquhart, David, 89 Ushakov, N.I., 116 Ussuri River, 122 Uvarov, S.S., 28, 31 Valuev, P.A., 129 Varna, 9,48-9, 124, 150-1, 186, 191-4, 209; Anglo-French landing at (1854), 96, 109, 111 -13; Greeks of, 201 ; Ottoman transfer to Russians (1878), 185, 192, 203; region of, 24, 195, 200-1; Russian siege of (1828), 43,47; in Russian war planning (1853-4),
306 Index Varna (continued) 100,103, 107; in Russian war planning (1876-7), 140, 142, 145, 147 Vasilchikov, I.V., 49 Veltman, A.I., 85 Venelin, lu.L, 85 Veniukov, Μ.I., 122, 129 Vereshchagin, V.V., 167,169,172,174 Verigin, A.I., 39 Vessel Pasha, 171 Vidin, 9, 20, 43, 48, 115, 151-2, 205; region of, 22, 79, 86, 200; in Russian war planning (1853-4), 106-8, 111, 113 Vienna, 112, 133, 149, 180 Vilkov, 72 Vitgenstein, P.Kh. (Sayn-Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolf Peter zu), 43,47-50, 70 Vlachs (Aromanians), 8 Voinov, A.L., 43 Vorontsov, M.S., 25, 69 Vronchenko, M.P., 97 Vuich, I.V., 77 waqf, 181 War of Austrian Succession (1740-7), 29 War of 1812 (Patriotic War), 12, 25-8, 31,40, 75,213 Wellingon (Arthur Welsley, Duke of), 42,102 western borderlands (of Russian Empire), 122, 132, 204 Wojtkiewicz, Louis, 205 Wolff, Larry, 81 Yambol, 55, 58, 63-4,170,197 Yantra River, 158, 161 Yeni Zagra, 63-4, 185, 187, 189, 203; during Russian occupation and retreat (1877), 162-4 Ypsilanti, Alexander, 28,29 Zabalkanskii, Grigorii, 115 Zavadovskii, M.T., 57 Zelenoi, A.S., 144 Zimnitsa (Zimnicea), 150 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Taki, Viktor Valentinovič 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1026456673 |
| author_facet | Taki, Viktor Valentinovič 1979- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Taki, Viktor Valentinovič 1979- |
| author_variant | v v t vv vvt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049682408 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1443580159 (DE-599)BVBBV049682408 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049682408</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240816</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240513s2024 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781487501631</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-4875-0163-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1443580159</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049682408</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Taki, Viktor Valentinovič</subfield><subfield code="d">1979-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1026456673</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russia's Turkish wars</subfield><subfield code="b">the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century</subfield><subfield code="c">Victor Taki</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Toronto ; Buffalo ; London</subfield><subfield code="b">University of Toronto Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2024]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xii, 306 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karten</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Russia's Turkish Wars examines the changing place of the Balkan population in Russian military thought, strategic planning, and occupation policies. 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| geographic | Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Balkan Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049682408 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:06:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781487501631 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035025159 |
| oclc_num | 1443580159 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xii, 306 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240816 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | University of Toronto Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Taki, Viktor Valentinovič 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1026456673 aut Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century Victor Taki Toronto ; Buffalo ; London University of Toronto Press [2024] xii, 306 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Russia's Turkish Wars examines the changing place of the Balkan population in Russian military thought, strategic planning, and occupation policies. It reveals that choices made by the tsarist strategists and commanders during the Russian-Ottoman wars, reflecting a general reconceptualization of the role of "the people" in modern warfare that took place during the nineteenth century. The book explores the tsarist military's engagement with the population of the Balkans in the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. It draws on previously unpublished materials from Russian archives as well as a broad range of published primary sources. Victor Taki relates the discussions among Russian military men to the international relations of the nineteenth century. Russia's Turkish Wars ultimately provides a new perspective on both Imperial Russia's Balkan entanglements and military change in the nineteenth century."-- Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1828-1829 (DE-588)4213047-5 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1806-1812 (DE-588)4358757-4 gnd rswk-swf Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd rswk-swf Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russo-Turkish Wars, 1676-1878 Russia / Armii͡a / Public relations / History / 19th century Civil-military relations / Balkan Peninsula / History / 19th century Balkan Peninsula / Population / History / 19th century Russia / Military policy / 19th century Guerres russo-turques, 1676-1878 Relations pouvoir civil-pouvoir militaire / Balkans / Histoire / 19e siècle Balkans / Population / Histoire / 19e siècle Russia / Armii͡a Civil-military relations Military policy Population Public relations Balkan Peninsula Russia 1676-1899 History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 g Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 s Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1806-1812 (DE-588)4358757-4 s Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1828-1829 (DE-588)4213047-5 s Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 s Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 s DE-604 Online version Taki, Viktor Russia's Turkish wars Toronto ; Buffalo ; London : University of Toronto Press, 2024 978-1-4875-1364-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Taki, Viktor Valentinovič 1979- Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1828-1829 (DE-588)4213047-5 gnd Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1806-1812 (DE-588)4358757-4 gnd Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4206590-2 (DE-588)4213047-5 (DE-588)4358757-4 (DE-588)4165750-0 (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4006287-9 (DE-588)4069099-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century |
| title_auth | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century |
| title_exact_search | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century |
| title_full | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century Victor Taki |
| title_fullStr | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century Victor Taki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia's Turkish wars the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century Victor Taki |
| title_short | Russia's Turkish wars |
| title_sort | russia s turkish wars the tsarist army and the balkan peoples in the nineteenth century |
| title_sub | the Tsarist army and the Balkan peoples in the nineteenth century |
| topic | Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1828-1829 (DE-588)4213047-5 gnd Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1806-1812 (DE-588)4358757-4 gnd Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1828-1829 Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1806-1812 Krimkrieg Militär Bevölkerung Balkan Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035025159&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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