When courage prevailed: the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Pirovac
Adolo 7
2023
St. Gallen, Switzerland/Švicarska Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Diaspora and the Homeland (HAZUDD) |
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Annales diasporae Croaticae
vol. 2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 251-266 |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 271 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9789535049906 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a St. Gallen, Switzerland/Švicarska |b Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Diaspora and the Homeland (HAZUDD) | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) |z Yugoslavia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |z Yugoslavia |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |x Persecutions |z Yugoslavia | |
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Contents Acknowledgements. ix Abbreviations. xi Guide to Croatian and Bosnian Pronunciations. xiii Introduction. XV Map of Yugoslavia and Neighbors. xxviii 1 The Unification of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 1918-1941. . .1 2 The Ustase Rule of Terror Against Jews and Their Rescue by Ordinary Citizens. 27 3 NDH Officials Approve “Exceptions”. 67 4 Archbishop Stepinac of Zagreb Confronts Antisemitism and Totalitarianism, 1941-1945. 93 5 The Rescue of the Jews by the Italians, 1941-1943. 127 6 Partisan Rescuers Confront Anglo-American Diplomacy . 159 7 Summary and Conclusions. 187 Appendices. 195 Notes. 215 Bibliography.251
Index. 267 VII
250 WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED 73. Shelah, The Yugoslav Connection, 102. 74. JM/24, Yad Vashem Archive, ZAVNOH, Inv. # 3484, K-40, November 11, 1944. 75. On April 23,1944, Graftons column appeared in both the New York Times and the New York Post. 76. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews, 263-264. 77. Ruth Gruber, Haven: The Unknown Story of 1000 World War II Refugees (New York: Signet Book, 1984), 106-107. 78. Luna Kabiljo-Kahana, interview, October 14,2003, Haifa, Israel. 79. Gruber, 117-122. 80. More than a third (nearly 37 percent) of the refugees came from Yugoslavian territory, most of them from Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. 81. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews, 272. 82. Ibid., 403. 83. Charles Jr. Mee, Meeting at Potsdam (New York: Μ. Evans and Company, 1975), 146-147. 84. Life for Jews in postwar Yugoslavia was not much better than under Nazism. Thus, when an opportunity arose, 1,600 of the survivors from Sarajevo left for Israel. 85. Isak Samokovlija, Tales of Old Sarajevo (Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell Co. Ltd., 1997). Samokovlija dedicated this book to the community of Sephardic Jews of Bosnia who disappeared in the Holocaust and who now live only in his stories. NOTES FOR CHAPTER 7 1. HDA, ZKRZ-GUZ, 2235/2-45, box 10,210. 2. HDA, ZKRZ-GUZ 2235/2-45, box 10,12-13. 3. HDA, ZKRZ-GUZ 2235/2-45, box 10,251-252. 4. Vedran Deletis, interview, New York City, November 11, 2005. On that same day Vedran called his father who still lived in Tuzla and I had the opportunity to thank him for his selfless pursuit of justice and humanity. 5. Ratimir Deletis, “Righteous Among
the Nations,” May 12,1989, file 3859. 6. Charles Steckel, Destruction and Survival (Los Angeles: Delmar Publishing Company, Inc., 1973), 36,42-43. 7. Nahum Goldmann, “The Influence of the Holocaust on the Change in the Attitude of World Jewry to Zionism and the State of Israel,” in Yad Vashem Holocaust and Rebirth, Symposium, (Jerusalem, Yad Vashem, 1974), 84. 8. Dr. Vera Oberiter, interview, Zagreb, November 21, 2002.
Bibliography PRIMARY SOURCES I. Hrvatki Drzavni Arhiv (HDA), Croatian National Archive. 1. Archive Hans Helm box 34: Helm, Hans, (In Hans Helm Archive, stored in the Croatian National Archive HDA are found 107 pages of Jews. Among the non-Jews Archbishop Stepinac is mentioned as “Jew Lover” see pages 22, 31, 63, 77, and 87). It also lists Jewish activists who were transportingjews and information outside Croatia; to the Partisans and British forces, see pages: 130, 136, 137, 189, 192, 207, 208, 261, 262, 300,361x5,375,414,467,476,481,488,521x3, 525, 541, 544, 546x 3, 550,562, and 611. Book XIV; Hans Helm, after the liberation of Croatia surrendered it to the Partisans. Box 36 code 341-IV/14 from 1943 through 1944. Content; Cetniks in NDH, Activities of NOP, Partisans in NDH, Problem ofjews. Hans Helm’s notebook Mixed Marriages. Approx. 840 names including Pavelic, p. 114, 222-228, 233, 235, 236, 237-242, 245, 249-255, 256260, 266-267 (Stepinac) 269-173, 277-280, 281-287, 288-293, 294297,298,301,302,303,305-307,309-313,318-320,324,328-329,339, 344,346-348,350-352,354-357, 358-362. 2. Ustasa Surveillance Services (UNS), Jewish Section Administration of the Detention center—Zagreb (1941-1943); 1941-1943: 5 boxes, approx. 5,000 pages. 3. Service Directorate of the Ustasa Constabulary, Constabulary—Jewish Section Zagreb, 1941-1942: 10 boxes, 13,500 items. 4. Branch-Office in Zagreb—Jewish Section (1941-1942); 1941-1942: 8 boxes, 4,220. 5. Ministry of the Interior of the Independent State of Croatia Directorate For Public Order and Security—Jewish Section (MUP NDH) Zagreb
(1942-1945); 2 boxes, 1,950 pages. 6. Ministry of Health and Social Services. Directorate for Social Service and Welfare (MU)—Zagreb (1941-1945); 24 boxes, about 23,000 pages. (Approximately 5 percent of this material relates to Jewish issues). 7. Ministry of State Treasury. Department of State Property, 251
252 WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED misappropriations and Debts Office for Nationalized Property (PONOVA) Zagreb (1941-1945); 751 shelves, about 720,000 pages. (Approximately 50 percent of the material relates to Jewish issues). 8. Peoples Republic of Croatia, Croatian National Committee for Ascertainment of the Crimes Committed by Occupying Forces and Their Collaborators. (ZKRZ) (1944-1947); total 18 boxes. 9 pertain to Jews and 9 list victims according to the site of crime. 9. Dr. Samuel Pinto, Sarajevo, zlocini, okupatora i njihovih pomagaca izverseni nad Jevrejima u Bosni i Herzegovini, 1946. HDA, ZKRZGUZ 2235-2/45, Ministry of the Interior of the Peoples Republic of Croatia (MUP NRH) Zagreb ( 1945- 1953); 4 boxes, 2,500 pages. 10. Public Prosecutors Office of the Peoples Republic of Croatia-Zagreb (1945-1953); 8 boxes, Indictments: Pavelic-Artukovic. 11. History of the Workers’ Movement in Zagreb (Zb. PRP) ( 1945-1950); 24 boxes. (Approx. 45 percent of the archival material relates to the Jews). 12. Documents compiled by the Anti-Fascist Partisan Movement, the AntiFascist Council of National Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH). 13. Dotrscina lists WWII Zagreb Jews victims 6,537. 154. Ivo Politeo; Indictments of Archbishop Stepinac. Stepinac file, April 14, 1943, 1588/P/43-Dr.F./DA. 14. HDA, Nadbiskupski Duhovni Stol, Catholic Church), Zagreb, Doc 9274, July 1942 and 1536/53, February 9,1943, request permission to provide shelter for Jewish children in Catholic orphanages. II. Drzavni Arhiv u Zagrebu: State Archive, Zagreb Gradsko poglavarstvo Stambeni ured u Zagrebu (GPSUZ). III.
Arhiv Instituta za suvremenu povijest, Zagreb. Jareb, Jere, Drzavno gospodarstvo povjerenstvo, Nezavisna Drzave Hrvatske od kolovoza 1941 do travnja 1945. Dokumentprikaz, Dorn i Svijet, Zagreb, 2001. Kristo, Jure, Katoliika Crkva i Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska 1941-1945, Dokumenti 1941-1945, Dokumenti, Hrvatski Institut za Povijest, Dorn i Svijet, Zagreb, 1998. IV. Arhiv ZOZ, Archives of the Jewish Community in Zagreb. WWII Victims of the Holocaust in Croatia, Zagreb 1946. Converts to other Religions 1941, Two volumes of converts to Roman Catholicism and 17 names to Islam. Book of Contributions (Book of the so-called voluntary contributions). Book of Hevra Kadisa (Burrial Society).
BIBLIOGRAPHY 253 V. Jevrejski istorijski muzej ( JIM) Beograd. (Jewish Historical Museum, Belgrade). Jewish Community of Zagreb. (Jewish Community Zagreb). Files of the inernees in Korcula and Vela Luka 4559 K.24-4 B-5, 4560 K.24-4B-52. VI. Sarajevo Jewish Community, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. File cards recorded by the survivors upon their return to Sarajevo, 1945-1952. File, Sarajevo Osijek correspondence prepared by Drs. Pinto Avram and Pinto David. VII. Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem, Israel. 1. Italian Foreign Ministry in Croatia: JMO.10 file 1222, 218642. Verax, (Roberto Ducci), “Italiani ed ebrei in Jugoslavia”, Politica Estera, I 1944), 21-29. 2. Lelio Vittorio Valobra, Head of DELASEM Genova. On February 1960 the archive sent 8 page summary to Ilva Vaccari regarding the rescue of the children known as the “Villa Emma Children”. (See Appendix 7.5.) 3. Dalmatia: Μ.70/107-109. 4. Dubrovnik: JM/1197 Jewish Assets: 0.10/24-25; 83; 130-149;14; 70/ll;53;97;109. 5. DELASM: 0.10/87; 69; 71. VIII. The Central Zionist Archive, Jerusalem, s25/242. IX. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, (microfilms, all reels and files). 1995A 1997A 1998A 1999A X. NARA: National Archives and Records Administration. NARA, National Archives II, (NACP) RG 59 [State Dept.], Lot file No. 61 D33, box 33, (location 250/49/25/7). Declassified, NND8 97219, NARA 1/23/08. NARA, (National Archives II) RG 59 [U.S. State Dept.], Lot file No. 62 D33, box 33, (location 250/49/25/7), 12-13. NARA, 860H.4016/63,1686,May 2,1941 to Secretary of State, Washington. NARA, 860H.4016/64, American Consulate, Zagreb,June
13,1941,No.546. NARA, 860H.4016/64, PS/RJH Persecution of Jews in Croatia, June 13, 1941. NARA, DGFP, D, 12, Minutes of Hitler’s talks with Pavelic, June 6, 1941,
254 WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED (Chronicles Online, April 21, 2000). NARA, RG 59 [U.S. State Dept.], Lot file No 61 D33, Legal Adviser Relating to War Crimes, box 33. Enclosure No. 1 to Dispatch No. 4 from American Consulate Zagreb, October 31, 1946, entitled “Trial of Archbishop Stepinac and others at Zagreb”. Secret: Speech of Dr. Ivo Politeo in Defense of Archbishop Stepinac before Supreme Court of Croatia on October 8,1946,4-5. XI. Croatian Daily and Weekly Newspapers. Hrvatska Gruda, Zagreb 1936,1940-1945. Hrvatska straza, tjednikza katolicki dom, Zagreb 1933-1943. Hrvatski dnevnik, Zagreb 1936-1941. Hrvatski list, 1920-1945. Hrvatski narod, glasilo hrvatskog ustaskogpokreta, Zagreb 1939-1945. Hrvatski radnik, Zagreb 1936-1945. Katolicki list, Zagreb 1849-1945. Narodne novine, Zagreb 1941-1945. Zidov, (Jew) 1917-1941 Jevrejski glas, (Jewish Voice) 1928-1941. Jevrejski List. Zagreb, 1934. Narodna Zidovska Svijest. (National Jewish Conscience). Weekly. Sarajevo, 1924-1928. XII. Israeli News Papers (Palestine 1943-1945). Davar Haaretz Jewish Agency Report (s) XIII. Interview of Rescuers and Survivors 2002-2010. Name: Date of interview Place of interview 1. Papo Lotika 08.11.2003 Sarajevo 2. Papo Laura 08.11.2003 Sarajevo 3. Koen- Finci Ela 08.12. 2003 Sarajevo 4. Erna Debenic-Kaveson 08.13. 2003 Sarajevo 5. Nikolic Danilo 08.14. 2003 Sarajevo 6. Albahari Morie 08.13. 2003 Sarajevo 7. Papo Suada Dada 08.10. 2003 Sarajevo 8. Danon Jakica 08.14. 2003 Sarajevo 9. Greta Ferusic 08.11.2003 Sarajevo
255 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10. David Kamhi 09.05.2001 Sarajevo 11. Jakov Finzi 09.05.2001 Sarajevo 1. Eva Nahir Panic 10.06.2003 Israel 2. Dr. Shomrony Amiel (Emil Schwarz) 10.11.2003 Israel 3. Zlata Romano 10.04.2003 Israel 4. Eliezer Hadas-Kaveson 10.06.2003 Israel 5. Sharika Stern-Kaveson 09.27.2003 Israel 6. Zdenka Novak- Steiner 10.14.2003 Israel 7. Dr. Emil Freundlich, (witten test.) 11.20.2003 Israel 8. Luna Kahana-Kabiljo 10.14.2003 Israel 2. Montiljo (Miso) Mihael 09.11.2002 Zagreb 3. Dr. Oberiter Vera 11.21.2002 Zagreb 4. Mihajlo Tolnauer 11.11.2002 Zagreb 5. Mari Radinger 11.27.2002 Zagreb 6. Jasa Binenfeld 12.05.2002 Zagreb 7. Dr. Stjepan Steiner 01.10.2003 Zagreb 8. Dr. Teodor Gruner 01.16.2003 Zagreb 9. Olga Neumann 01.16.2003 Zagreb 10. Nada Grgec 01.06.2003 Zagreb 11. Zdenko Sternberg, 01.01.2003 Zagreb 9. Kabiljo Itzhak (izika) l.Erna Gaon 12. Dr. Matilda Gruner (taped-testinюпу) 05.12.2003 Zagreb 13. Jaksa Kalogjera 01.23.2003 Zagreb 14. Zuzijelinek 01.18.2003 Zagreb 15. Dr. Darko Fischer 01.23.2003 Osijek 16. Blanka Ausländer (taped testimcmy) 04.06.2003 Zagreb 17. Eva Grlic-Izrael 06.15.2003 Zagreb 18. Papo Nada (written testimony) 03.30.1995 Zagreb 19. Mladen Caldarovic 10.20.2003 Zagreb 20. Ljerka Rajic 09.28.2003 Zagreb 21. Lucja Benyovsky 07.10.2003 Zagreb 22. Slavko Goldstein 09.19.2003 Zagreb
WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED 256 23. Vlasta Kovac 02.06.2003 Zagreb 24. Dr. Zarko Stern 02.06.2003 Zagreb 25. Zora Dimbach 02.06.2003 Zagreb 26. Regina Kamhi 10.10.2002 Zagreb Tl. Glik Zlatko 02.11.2003 Zagreb. 28. Ljerka Auferber 02.20.2003 Zagreb 29. Dr. Ivan Antunac 02.12.2003 Zagreb 30. Alfonso Kabiljo, (Alfi) 02.20.2003 Zagreb 31. Branko Poke 02.22.2003 Zagreb 32. Dr. Ante Fulgozi 03.03.2003 Zagreb 33. Berger, Tukovic, Branka 03.03.2003 Zagreb 34. Berger, Tukovic, Lea 03.03.2003 Zagreb 35. Dr. Vladimir Velebit 04.02.2003 Zagreb 36. Mislav Ercegovic 05.28.2003 Zagreb 37. Vesna Domani-Hardi 08.03.2003 Zagreb 38. Lili Kraus 02.27.2003 Zagreb 1. Aleksander Mosic 08.22.2001 Belgrade 2. Eta Najfeld 08.20.2001 Belgrade 1. Isak Danon 05.21.2007 Washington, D.C. 2. Dora Klayman 06.19.2007 Washington, D.C. 3. Fiori Jagoda 06.21.2007 Washington, D.C. 4. Berry Berkic 07.04.2007 Washington, D.C. 5. Ayana Tuval 06. 20.2007 Washington, D.C. 6. Miriam Gery-Mayer 06.20.2007 Washington, D.C. Serbia United States
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Index A Aleksa Djilas 217 Allies 2,56,98,102,141,155,162,164, 169,171-173,177,179,180-182, 186, 217,247,249 Alojzije Stepinac xxvi, 67,93-95,118, 189,233,234,236,238-240 Amiel Shomrony 105,117,239 AML 178 Andrija Artukovic 79,109,230 Ante Fulgosi 59,60,133,241 Ante Vuletic 81, 83, 88,116 Anthony O’Brien 104 Arrigo Beccari 154 Aryanization 68,77 Aryan Rights xvii, 68 Ashkenazim 7,8,9,15,220 Augustine Juretic 102,235 Auschwitz xxii, 29,32, 57,76,85,113115,167,192,225,227,229, 231, 232,234,237,247,258,260 Axis xvi, xxiv, xxv, 20-24, 62, 90,128, 129,136,137,142,160,161,169, 174,187,193,218,223,233,234, 242 В Balfour Declaration 179 Bari 47,55,146,162,163,164,170, 173,174,177,183,246,248,249 Belgrade xi, 2,6,7,9,16,17,18,21,22, 58,72,95,110,152,215,217-220, 222-224,226,227,233,242-244, 247 Blasco Lanza d’Ajeta 140 BlazLorkovic 217 Bosnia-Herzegovina xi, xv, xxiii, xxv, xxvii, 1,3, 5, 8,11, 30,65,69,79, 160,189,190,194,215,222,227, 229,230,248 Braco Poljokan 220 Branko Polie 35,46,135,140,142,167, 224,225,242,243,247 c Cardinal Boetto 150 Carmine Senise 150 Cetniks xxiii, 30,94,138,139,141,169, 251 Charles Steckel 133,191,249, 250 Children of Villa Emma xx, 151,154, 194, 215,244,245, 260 Churchill 118,169,171,185,221 Ciano 21,22,128,129,130,137,138, 221,222,237,241, 258 Croatian Diet 2,5 Croatian National Council 5 D Daniel Carpi xxiii, 241,242,246 Dante Almansi 149 David Perera 10,218 David Wyman 173,178 DELASEM xi, 56,137,139,142,148, 149,150-155,172,180 Diaspora 15,192,220 Djakovo 155,191,216 Don Giuseppe Péaquin 147 Dotrscina file 64, 85 Dozvola (Permit) 75,76 267
268 WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED Draza Mihajlovic 94 Dubrovnik xxi, xxv, 7, 61,129,133,134, 142,216, 241, 242 Dzafer Kulenovic 79 E Edit Armuth 57,166 Edmund Glaise-Horstenau 30 Ella Finci Koen 171,248,53,226 ElShatt 163,164 Emil Freundlich 60,133,145,241, 244 Emilio Grazioli 150,152 Emilio Tolentino 133 Eretz Israel 19,154,157, 220,238 Erna Kaveson Debenic 171, 248 Ernst von Weizsäcker 125 Eta Nafield 90 F Federation ofJewish Religious Commu nities XXV, 10 Ferramonti 144,145,146,147,244, 258 Final Solution xv, xvii, 23,27, 31,67,70, 187, 222,224,227,248,263 Franz Abromeit 113 Fredo Sisic 216, 217 G Galeazzo Ciano 221,222,241 Gavro Schwarz 218 Gerald Reitlinger 23,62,218,222 Giuseppe Bastianini 132 Giuseppe Pieche 139,154 Giuseppe Ramiro Marcone 113,122 Giuseppe Reppetto 150 Glaise von Horstenau 97,222 Glen Curtis 217,220 H Hajj Amin el Husseini 19,39,221 Hajj Amin El Husseini 221 Hannah Arendt 136,215,228,242 Hans Helm 57, 97,112,227,228,234236,238,239, 242,243,251 Harriet Pass Feidenreich 216 Harry Truman 185 Heinrich Himmler 76, 87,192,228 HICEM xi, 34,149,224 Hinko Gottlieb 166,168,173,176,248, 249, 263 Hinko Mann 45,47,116,225,228 Home Guard (Domobranstvo) 83 Honorary Aryan xvii, xxvi, 67, 81,117 Hospital of the Sisters of Mercy 58 Hrvatski dnevninik 219 Hugo Kon 115 I IRC xi, 149,151,171,172,182 Israele Kalk 146 Italian 2nd Army 127,134,189 Italian Foreign Ministry xi, 127,129132,144, 242,253 Ivan Petrie 81,232 Ivan Saric 18,39 Ivo Banac 216 Ivo Goldstein 32,120,220,223,232, 233,247 Ivo Herzer 134,166, 215,242,244, 245-247 Ivo Petrie xviii, 215 Ivo Politeo 95,96,
99,102,116,236240,252,254 J Jacques Sabille xxiii, 127,135,241 James Burgwyn xxiv Jasa Romano xxiii, 63, 89,90,143,218, 219,222,227, 230,233, 246 Jasenovac xix, xxii, xxvi, 42,49,55, 56, 64,90,112,115,119,133,172, 190,192,215,216,231, 258 Jevrejski glas 15,220,224
INDEX Jewish Historical Museum xi, 58,227, 253 Jews xi,xv-xxvii, 3,7-15,17-19,21,23, 24,27-32,34-48,50,52,54-60, 62-65,67-69,73,75,76,78,79, 81,88,90,93,96,97,102,105107,109-116,118,119,122,124, 125,127-144,148-151,155,159171,173-182,184-194,215,216, 218-228,232-234,238-251 Joachim von Ribbentrop 128 JOINT xi, xxvii, 34,149,153,183,224 Jonathan Steinberg’s xxiii Joseph Rothschild 221 Josip Broz Tito 89,94 Josip Kolanovic 64,220,224,234 Jozo Tomasevich 122,215,216,217, 222,228 К Katolicki list 99,101,102,240 Kingdom of Yugoslavia 4 King Victor Emmanuel III 107,128,143 Korcula 55,61,142,144,161,162,164, 165,178,243,247 Kraljevica 140,143,263 L Lavoslav Schwarz home 114 Lelio Vittorio Valobra 149,154,245, 253 Leon Poliakov xxiii, 127,241 Liberation Army 167 Ljubljana 129,150,152,153 Μ Marcus Tanner 217,247 Mario Roatta 131,138 Meir Tuval Weltmann 115 Menahem Shelah 122,135,164,168, 221,222,228,229,240,242,246, 247,248 269 Michael (Miso) Montiljo 36,224 Michael Phayer 120,233 Mile Budak 81 Milislav Ercegovic xxi, 216,241 Milovan Djilas 95 Ministry of Finance xxiv Ministry of the Interior xxiv, 41,42,70, 74,75,144,243 Miroslav Salom Freiberger 113,223 Miroslav Schlesinger 80, 89,230 Miso Montiljo 224 mixed marriages xxvi, 30, 56, 67, 76, 106,107,109,112,113,116,122, 192,193 Monsignor Marcone 105 Mostar 38,49,50, 51,54,55, 83,129, 130,131,140 Murge Division 130,131,137,140 Muslim elite 48,78,79,189 Muslims 7,18,31,35, 39,40,48,49,54, 57,61,78,79, 81,132,160,221, 223,230 Mussolini xxiv, 16,19,22,129,130,135, 137,138,140,141,143,193,241, 258 N Nahum Goldmann 31,192,223,250 Narcisa
Krizman-Lengel 215,222, 225 National Commission xix, xxiv, 17,45, 57,62,78,116,132,133,167, 172,188,216,223,225,228,229, 231,241,242 NDH xi, xv-xviii, xx-xxii, XXV, xxvi, 22, 24,27-35,37,43,44,46,48,50, 54,56,61,64,67-69,73-89,9698,101,102,107,109,112-114, 119,127-132,134,137,139-141, 150,160-163,188-193,215, 222-236,238, 249,251,259,261, 262,265 Nonantola 154,155,156,245
270 WHEN COURAGE PREVAILED О OlgaRajsek 239,116,117,117 Osijek XX, xxii, xxv, 46, 86, 112,132, 133,139,145,155,191,192,215, 232,253,261 Oswego 183,184,185 Ottoman Empire 1, 7, 8, 9, 218 P Pag 134,231,242 Partisans xii, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvii, 30,43,47,54,56, 57, 61, 63, 85-87, 89,94,98,116,138,142, 143,153,157-171,175-180,189, 193, 226,230, 234,240,247,248 Pavelic xvi, xvii, xxv, xxvi, 6,16,19,22, 27-30,42-44,67, 69,76, 77,79, 81, 87,100,103,105-107,1 ΙΟ Ι 12, 122,124,129,131,188,190, 192,193,215,223,228,235,237, 238 Phyllis Auty, 216 Pietro Badoglio 143,159 Ponova 69,70,71, 72,73,78 President Roosevelt 169,181,183 R Rab 57,61,141-144,151,164-169,173, 174,243,246-248,260,262 Rab Jewish Brigade 167 Racial Laws 69, 79,132,133,188 Randolph Churchill 118,170 Ratimir Deletis 190,191,250 Red Cross xi, 56,115,119,125,149, 150,154,171,172,177,182 Regina Kamhi 50, 59,226 Richard Lichteim 156 Richard Pattee 216, 234 Righteous Gentiles xx, xxi Roman Catholic Church 16,18,93,94, 106,124,125,126 Roosevelt 185 Rudolf Horvat 216 s Sally Mayer 149 Samuel Grafton 182 Samuel Pinto 17,220-223,228 Santa Maria di Bagni 162,174 Sarajevo xix, xx, xxii, xxv, 7, 8,15,18,19, 23, 27, 31, 36, 37, 39,46,48-56, 59-62,77-79, 111, 124,125,132, 147,155,167,184-192,218,220, 221, 224, 226-229,248, 250 Sarika Kaveson 49, 53,226 Second Army 127,131,132,134,138, 139,144 Sephardim 7, 8,9,15,37, 220 Siegfried Kasche 113,137 Sime Djodan 220 Slavko Goldstein 52,120,122, 220,223, 226, 232,233, 239,247,248 Spomenica 400 219,228,229 Srecko Bujas 37,78,132,188, 224,229, 241 Stalin 185 Stanislav
Rapotetz 99 Stella Alexander 123,233 Stephen Wise 31 Stepinac 216,93-120,122-125,137, 140,232-240,117, 251, 252,254, 257,259,262-264,266,270 Stjepan Radic 4,5,6,16 Stjepan Steiner 43, 80,87,89,90,116, 224,230,232, 239 Svetozar Pribicevic 5 T Teodor Gruner 63, 80,82,116,117, 230,231, 232,239 The Great Powers 2 Third Reich 17,77,97,109,123,129, 188,224
INDEX Tito 56,63,93-96,116,118,119,122, 165,168,169,170,173,176-178, 180,185,220,227,234,239,257 Todt Organization 130,131 u Ulrich von Hasel 223 UNRRA 62,149,163,246 Ustase xii, xv- xxvi, 6, 7,14-16,22,2731,33,35-37,39,41-46,48-57, 61,62, 65,67-69,73-80,85- 87, 89,93-102,104,106-108, HO112, 114-117,119,122-126,128, 131-134,136-142,144,155,160, 161,163,166,170,181,187,188, 190-193,215-217,221-223,225, 226,228,229,232-235,238-240, 242,243 V Vatican 3,96,101,102,106,107,110, 112,113,115,122-125,137,140, 216,233,235,238, 240,249,258 Vela Luka 142,161,178,243,246,253, 262 Viktor Novak 217 Vilko Kühnel 35,44,47,225 Vittorio Castellani 138 Vladimir Velebit 173,176,248 Vladko Macek 14,43,119,239 Volksdeutsche xvi, 12,13,17,19,21,30, 31, 50,53, 77,78,79,132,160, 188,191,192,219,220,221,262 w White Paper 178,179,180 WRB xii, 181,182,183 Y Yad Vashem xxi, xxiii, xxv, 215, 88, 89, 215,219,221-223,225,228,233, 271 236,238-242,244-250,117 YakirEventov 218 Yugoslavia xvi, xxi-xxv, 2, 5,6, 7,9,10, 12-24,27,30-32,34,36, 37,58, 61-63,65,88,90,93-96,99,100, 103,106,109,110,116,118-120, 122,125,128,129,132,144,145, 148,149,151,152,159,161,167, 169-172,177,178,181,182,184188,216-224,226-230,233-240, 242,243,245, 247,248,250 z Zagreb xi, xii, xxiv-xxvi, 1,4,9,10,11, 14,15,22,23,29-31,33, 35-37, 42-47,52, 55-59, 63-65,67,70-73, 75,76,78- 85,90,93,95- 98,102, 104-106,108,112-118,120,127, 131,132,134,135,137,140,145, 151-153,155,164,167,168,172, 189,190,192,216-234, 236-244, 246,247-250 ZAVNOH xii, 163,16-167,169-171, 173-180,182, 246,248-250,252 Zbornik 219,220,222,223,230,233, 244,246,247 Zdenka
Steiner-Novak 32,224 Zdenko Lowenthal (Levental) 219,233 Zidov 15,28,218-220,224 Zionism 14,36,223,250 Zlata Romano 55,56,59,162,163,226 Zone A 129,138,141,142 Zone В 129-131,137-140,142 Zvi Loker 219,221 |
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| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1437878471 (DE-599)BVBBV049669842 |
| dewey-full | 940.53/183509497 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 940 - History of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 940.53/183509497 |
| dewey-search | 940.53/183509497 |
| dewey-sort | 3940.53 9183509497 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | Second edition |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1941-1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1941-1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Jugoslawien Yugoslavia History Axis occupation, 1941-1945 Yugoslavia Ethnic relations Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Jugoslawien Yugoslavia History Axis occupation, 1941-1945 Yugoslavia Ethnic relations Kroatien |
| id | DE-604.BV049669842 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:06:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789535049906 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035012863 |
| oclc_num | 1437878471 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXVII, 271 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240430 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Adolo 7 Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Diaspora and the Homeland (HAZUDD) |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Annales diasporae Croaticae |
| series2 | Annales diasporae Croaticae |
| spelling | Gitman, Esther 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1048595153 aut When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 Esther Gitman Second edition Pirovac Adolo 7 2023 St. Gallen, Switzerland/Švicarska Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Diaspora and the Homeland (HAZUDD) XXVII, 271 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Annales diasporae Croaticae vol. 2 Literaturverzeichnis Seite 251-266 Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1941-1945 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Juden Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Yugoslavia Jews Yugoslavia History 20th century Jews Persecutions Yugoslavia World War, 1939-1945 Jews Rescue Yugoslavia Rettung (DE-588)4231103-2 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien Yugoslavia History Axis occupation, 1941-1945 Yugoslavia Ethnic relations Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 gnd rswk-swf Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Rettung (DE-588)4231103-2 s Geschichte 1941-1945 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-953-50499-1-3 Annales diasporae Croaticae vol. 2 (DE-604)BV049669822 2 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Gitman, Esther 1939- When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 Annales diasporae Croaticae Geschichte Juden Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Yugoslavia Jews Yugoslavia History 20th century Jews Persecutions Yugoslavia World War, 1939-1945 Jews Rescue Yugoslavia Rettung (DE-588)4231103-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4231103-2 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4028814-6 (DE-588)4073841-3 |
| title | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 |
| title_auth | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 |
| title_exact_search | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 |
| title_full | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 Esther Gitman |
| title_fullStr | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 Esther Gitman |
| title_full_unstemmed | When courage prevailed the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 Esther Gitman |
| title_short | When courage prevailed |
| title_sort | when courage prevailed the rescue and survival of jews in the independent state of croatia 1941 1945 |
| title_sub | the rescue and survival of Jews in the independent state of Croatia 1941-1945 |
| topic | Geschichte Juden Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Yugoslavia Jews Yugoslavia History 20th century Jews Persecutions Yugoslavia World War, 1939-1945 Jews Rescue Yugoslavia Rettung (DE-588)4231103-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Juden Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Yugoslavia Jews Yugoslavia History 20th century Jews Persecutions Yugoslavia World War, 1939-1945 Jews Rescue Yugoslavia Rettung Judenverfolgung Jugoslawien Yugoslavia History Axis occupation, 1941-1945 Yugoslavia Ethnic relations Kroatien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012863&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV049669822 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gitmanesther whencourageprevailedtherescueandsurvivalofjewsintheindependentstateofcroatia19411945 |