Sava & Jolanda: prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Piran
Pomorski muzej
2020
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Literaturverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Auflage 350. - Literaturverzeichnis Seite 206-209 |
| Beschreibung: | 241 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles 31 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789619432877 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV049669215 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 240429s2020 xv a||| b||| 00||| slv d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789619432877 |9 978-961-94328-7-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1437840257 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV049669215 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a slv | |
| 044 | |a xv |c SI | ||
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Terčon, Nadja |d 1963- |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sava & Jolanda |b prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |c Nadja Terčon |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Sava e Jolanda |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Sava in Jolanda |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Sava i Jolanda |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Sava and Jolanda |
| 264 | 1 | |a Piran |b Pomorski muzej |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a 241 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Faksimiles |c 31 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Auflage 350. - Literaturverzeichnis Seite 206-209 | ||
| 546 | |a Italienische, englische und kroatische Zusammenfassung: Sava e Jolanda. Sava and Jolanda | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1930-2014 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Matrosin |0 (DE-588)1327910268 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Slowenien |0 (DE-588)4055302-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 1 | |a Kaluža, Sava / 1929-2014 | |
| 653 | 1 | |a Gruden, Jolanda / 1930-2014 | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Women sailors / Slovenia / Biography | |
| 653 | 1 | |a Kaluža, Sava / 1929-2014 | |
| 653 | 1 | |a Gruden, Jolanda / 1930-2014 | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Women sailors | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Slovenia | |
| 653 | 6 | |a Biographies | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Slowenien |0 (DE-588)4055302-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Matrosin |0 (DE-588)1327910268 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1930-2014 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Personenregister |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000013&line_number=0007&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Personenregister |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000015&line_number=0008&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20240429 | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 305.309 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 4973 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 305.309 |e 22/bsb |f 090512 |g 4973 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 305.309 |e 22/bsb |f 090511 |g 4973 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 609 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 4973 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035012246 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1815416388637949952 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
VIRI IN LITERATURA Viri: Pisni viri: DARi - Državni arhiv u Rijeci / Državni arhiv Rijeka, fond Croatia line d.d. u stečaju, Rijeka, 1948-1996 PAK - Pokrajinski arhiv Koper: ■ Sl PAK KP 23, fond IOLO (Istrski okrožni ljudski odbor), ' Sl PAK KP 918 (fond Pomorski in tehniški izobraževalni center Portorož, 1946-2009), ■ Matična knjiga št. 1, 1946/47 ■ TE 151, TE 151.2 ■ Sl PAK KP 620.1, Zbirka ladijskih dnevnikov. Ladja Bled 620.1//158.1 - 158.7 PANG - Pokrajinski arhiv Nova Gorica, PANG 583, Zbirka fotografij, serija 54 ; PANG 61, Zbirka gradiva o gradnji Nove Gorice, a.e. 1-2 PMSMP- Pomorski muzej »Sergej Mašera« Piran, zgodovinska fotodokumentacija PPMHP- Pomorski i povijesni muzej Hrvatskog primorja Rijeka (Croatia line d.d. u stečaju) Ladijski dnevnik, Gruden Jolanda, m/b Viševica, Plovba po Jadranu vzdolž jugoslovanske obale, od 16. 8. 1948 do 16. 9. 1948; hranjen v PMSMP Dnevnik potovanja Save Kaluža in Borisa Kaluže na vsesokolsko srečanje v Prago, hrani Tamara Kaluža Pocecco Osebni arhiv Save Kaluža; hrani Tamara Kaluža Pocecco Osebni arhiv Jolande Gruden Mažer; hrani Alida Mažer Fotografski viri: PMSMP - Pomorski muzej »Sergej Mašera« Piran PANG - Pokrajinski arhiv Nova Gorica, PANG 583, Zbirka fotografij, serija 54 NSK- OZE, Narodna in študijska knjižnica Trst, Oddelek za zgodovino in Etnologijo, fond Primorski dnevnik, Mario Magajna MNZ - Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, fond Foto Slovenija Tamara Kaluža Pocecco, Lucija Josipina Kaluža, Koper Gorazd Buda, Postojna Alida Mažer, Lucija Alenka Mažer Petaros, Reka Teodora Spetič, Nabrežina Ustni viri in pisne
informacije: Sava Kaluža, ustno izporočilo, 2009. Magnetofonski in pisni zapisi v dokumentaciji PMSMP. Tamara Kaluža Pocecco, 2018-2020 Josipina Kaluža, 2014 Alida Mažer, 2018-2020 Alenka Mažer Petaros, 2020 Teodora Spetič, 2020 Gabriella Caharija, 2019 Andrej Lovšin, 2018 Andrej Utenkar, SPS - KS 90, 2020 Giorgio Ribarič, ZPU - KS 90, 2020 Bojan Česnik, ZZB NOV Piran, 2019 Boris Vidmar, Splošna plovba Portorož, 2020 Janez Zabukovec, 2020 206
Časopisni viri: Časopisni članki iz različnih revij in časopisov Izrezki časopisnih člankov o Savi Kaluža in Jolandi Gruden Informator, Glasilo Splošne plovbe Piran Istrski tednik 1950 Jugoslovenski mornar 1950 Luški glasnik Naše more Nova Gorica, 1950 Pomorstvo 1947-1955, zlasti: ' Rezultati poboljšanja životnog standarda trudbenika u pomorstvu u toku 1948 godine. Pomorstvo, št. 2, februar 1949, str. 49-52. ' Lepeš A.: Lik našeg pomorca. Pomorstvo 1948, str. 126-127. ' Jankovič G.: O radnoj disciplini pomoraca. Pomorstvo 1948, str. 204-206. ' Medanič V.: Obezbijedimo našoj trgovačkoj mornarici stručne kadrove. Pomorstvo 1948, str. 195-198. Primorski dnevnik Slovenski Jadran Tiskani viri: Pomorski godišnjak za godine 1941-1951, Beograd 1952 ■ Uredba o pomorskim knjižicama, objavljena v Službenem listu FNRJ št. 69/46 ’ Uredba o posadi brodova trgovačke mornarice F.N.R.J., objavljena v Službenem listu FNRJ št. 80/49 ' Pravilnik oplatama i dodacima članova posade brodova za upravne svrhe trgovačke mornarice FNRJ, objavljena v Službenem listu FNRJ št. 21/52 Pravilnik o osposobljavanju osoblja trgovačke mornarice FNRJ, objavljena v Službenem listu FNRJ št. 32/52 Pomorski godišnjak za godinu 1952, Beograd 1953 Uradni list IOLO- VUJA, 1947-1949 Spletni viri in literatura: 1. Zenske, ki ostajajo v senci, Izšel zbornik o spregledani zgodovini žensk, https://www.mladina.si/152954/zenske—kiostajajo-v-senci, 7. 9. 2020 2. Tatjana Božič, predsednica Sekcije žena SPH, več krajših sindikalnih prispevkov na: https://sph.hr/, https://sph.hr/sekcijazena-sph/, 2.8.2019 3. Plovimo zajedno,
zajedno smo jače. https://sph.hr/sekcija-zena-sph/, 26.7.2019 4. Enna Kovač: Kolumne, http://pomorac.net/category/blog/kolumne-2/ , 30. 7. 2019 5. Rodna diskriminacija u pomorstvu, https://www.voxfeminae.net/vijesti/rodna-diskriminacija-u-pomorstvu/ , 4.4.2019 6. Stefania Magnano: Una donna a bordo porta male, https://www.recensionilibri.org/2018/03/donna-bordo-porta-malestefania-magnano.html, 31.7.2019 7. https://www.bib.irb.hr/618757, 1. 8. 2019 8. Na kopnem ženska, na ladji oficirka. https://www.primorske.si/2011/09/10/na-kopnem-ženska-na-ladji-oficirka, 31.7.2019 9. Kapitanka v moškem poklicu, https://www.regionalobala.si/novica/kapetanka-v -moškem-poklicu, 31.7.2019 10. Jelena Skobič: Zena na brodu mora biti pet puta čvršča i tvrdoglavija od muškarca! Pomorac.net/2016/09/26/jelena-skobic., 31.7.2019 11. lako sam završila pomorstvo, ne žele me na brodu jer sam žena. / http://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/iako-sam-zavrsilapomorstvo-ne-zele-me-na-brodu-jer-sam-zena-20 150923, 31.7.2019 12. Kraljica mora, udruga pomorskih kapetana Sjevernog Jadrana. Prva kadetura- Nikolina Eva Pahljina. kraljica- mora.net/prvakadetura-nikolina-eva-pahljina/, 7.1.2020 13. Women Seafarers, http://www.lamaritimemuseum.org/discover-l/library/books/women-seafarers/, 4.4.2019 14. http://www.imo.org/en/About/Events/WorldMaritimeDay/Pages/WMD-2019.aspx, 1. 8. 2019 15. http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/TechnicalCooperation/Pages/WomenlnMaritime.aspx, 1. 8. 2019 16. Women in Maritime History, http://www.nps.g0v/safr//learn/hist0ryculture/maritimew0menhist0ry.html, 4. 4. 2019 17. Is there a place for
women in maritime history?, https://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Sea/articles/hagmark.html, 1. 8. 2019 18. https://www.marinersmuseum.org/sites/micro/women/goingtosea/navy.htm 19. https://www.nauticareport.it/dettnews/report/i_marinai_donna_nella_storia-6-14072/ , 1. 8. 2019 20. Vanja Kržan, O Nabrežina, ti rodni moj kraj (Igo Gruden) http://nszaveza.github.io/articles/89-o-nabrezina-ti-rodni-mojkraj-igo-gruden/, 9. 1. 2020 21. https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladinske_delovne_brigade, 21. 1. 2020 22. https://www.prlekija-on.net/lokalno/14320/pred-sedemdesetimi-leti-gradili-novo-gorico.html, 21. 1. 2020 23. http://drustvo-brigadirjev-velenje.si/ZBS/gradiva.html , 21. 1. 2020 207
Literatura: Bezlaj Krevel, Ljudmila: Zaposlovanje žensk v poštni, telegrafski in telefonski dejavnosti do druge svetovne vojne. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 177-184. Botrič, Anton: Pomorsko školstvo i sticanje pomorskih zvanja u Jugoslaviji, v Pomorski zbornik II, Zagreb, 1962, str. 1257-1288. Čok, Zlatan: Izzivi tajnega agenta, v Kopru, Samozaložba, novembra 2018. 20 let pomorske šole Piran, Portorož, 1967. Dobaja, Dunja, ocena in predstavitev referatov zborovanja Ženske skozi zgodovino, v Zgodovina v šoli, 2004, št.- 3-4, str. 117-121 Drnovšek, Marjan: Izseljenke v očeh javnosti. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 383-393. Fajfar, Janez: Motorna ladja Bled, Razgledi muzejskega društva Bled za leto 2018, Bled, 2018, str. 90-103. Gabrič, Aleš: Od moškega do unisex šolstva. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 215-221. Ivančič, Miloš: Peruti tržaškega aborigina. Ob 70—letnici napada Nemčije, Italije in drugih na Jugoslavijo oziroma Slovenijo in 70—letnici ustanovitve Osvobodilne fronte. Koper, Združenje protifašistov, borcev za vrednote NOB in veteranov Koper, 2011. Jeraj, Mateja: SLOVENKE NA PREHODU V SOCIALIZEM: vloga in položaj ženske v Sloveniji 1945- 1953. - Ljubljana: Arhiv
Republike Slovenije, (2005). Jeraj, Mateja: Ženska naj bo mati in delavka (Vloga in položaj Slovenk v socializmu, s poudarkom na obdobju 19454-1953). V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 367-372. Jogan, Maca: Opravičevanje podrejenega položaja žensk do začetka druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem. Žena more vladati svet. iz zatišja domače hiše. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 301-309. Kaluža, Sava: Moje prvo vkrcanje , Interno glasilo Univerze za tretjo življenjsko obdobje Faros, št. 1/februar 2007, str. 12. Koršič, Mirko: 30 let slovenskega pomorstva 1945-1975, Koper, 1975. Krajnc, Maja: Spolno zaznamovani poklici (uveljavljanje žensk v tradicionalno moških poklicih). Diplomsko delo, mentorica doc. dr. Marina Tavčar Krajnc, Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za sociologijo. Maribor, 2013, dostopno na spletu 4. 10. 2018. Naglič, Vladimir: Kratke zanimivosti iz pomorstva, Ljubljana, Mladinska knjiga 1951, Knjižnica Priroda in ljudje. Kresal, France: Ženske v gospodarstvu do druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 171-176. Marinac, Bogdana: Ko je ladja postala dom : o slovenskih pomorščakih v trgovski mornarici Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Studia
iustinopolitana : revija Osrednje knjižnice Srečka Vilharja Koper. 2009, let. 2, št. 1, str. 415-431. Marinac, Bogdana: Ladja je moj dom. Bivalni prostori na trgovskih ladjah kraljevine Jugoslavije, Dopolnilo k razstavi. V Kultura na narodnostno mešanem ozemlju Slovenske Istre, Varovanje naravne in kulturne dediščine na področju konservatorstva in muzeologije, Ljubljana, 2002, str. 277-301. Marinac, Bogdana: O uniformi in njeni izpovednosti. V: Obleka po meri človeka : oblačila in obutev v preteklosti : zbornik strokovnih prispevkov za mentorje zgodovinskih krožkov. Ljubljana: Zveza prijateljev mladine Slovenije, Komisija za delo zgodovinskih krožkov, 2007, str. 22-29. Marinac, Bogdana: V modrem in belem, Piran, 2003. Marinac, Bogdana: Življenje mornariškega častnika Vladimirja Štolfe v luči njegovih pisem. Kronika : časopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino. 2002, let. 50, št. 1, str. 55-80. Mendeš, Nikša: Riječko brodarstvo 20. stolječa, Rijeka, pomorski i povijesni muzej Hrvatskog primorja, maj, 2014. Naglič, Vladimir: Kratke zanimivosti iz pomorstva, Ljubljana, 1951 Nečak, Dušan: Mateja Jeraj, Slovenke na prehodu v socializem : (vloga in položaj ženske v Sloveniji 1945-1953). Ljubljana : Arhiv Republike Slovenije, 2005, objavljeno v Zgodovinski časopis, 2007, 61, ’/z, str. 249-252. Pokaži mi pot do enakosti spolov: Skripta za izobraževalni modul na temo enakosti spolov, maj 2017. Pomorska enciklopedija, 1960-1972, Jugoslavija, 75. Pomorski zbornik, Zagreb, 1963. Slovenski pomorski zbornik, Koper, 1962. Senk, Tatjana: Splošno žensko društvo 1901-1945, od dobrih deklet do
feministk. Urednici Nataša Budna Kodrič in Aleksandra Serše. Arhiv Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana 2003, 575 strani, objavljeno v Arhivi, 2003, 26, št. 2, str. 412-413. SPLOŠNO ŽENSKO DRUŠTVO: 1901-1945 / ur. Nataša Budna Kodrič in Aleksandra Serše. - Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije, 2003. Svoljšak, Petra: Tudi jaz sem pomagala do velike zmage! . V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 153-157. 208
Švajncer, J. Janez: Ženska v slovenski vojni in vojaški zgodovini. V Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 141-151. Terčon, Nadja: Z barko v Trst: Pomorstvo v Piranu, Izoli in Kopru ter gospodarska vloga severozahodne Istre v odnosu do Trsta, Koper, 2005. TERČON, Nadja, MARINAC, Bogdana, KARINJA, Snježana, PRESL, Igor: Ženske in pomorstvo : Zakaj na morje? Izvestja Pomorskega muzeja Piran. 2009, 1, str. 234-243. Terčon, Nadja: Usidrali smo se na morje : Vzpostavitev slovenskega pomorstva 1945-1958, Piran, 2015. Terčon, Nadja: To so bile babe : Šavrinke kot udeleženke maloobalnega potniškega prometa in pomorskih dejavnosti. V: CELESTINA, Ingrid (ur.), TODOROVIČ, Suzana (ur.). Šavrinka. 1. izd. Koper: Libris, 2017. Str. 79-127. Terčon, Nadja: Kalister, Gorupi in pomorstvo. V: Kronika, Rodbini Kalister in Gorup. Ljubljana: Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, 2010. Str. 87-110, Kronika, 58. Terčon, Nadja: Leto dni med gojenci pomorske letalske šole : iz dnevnika Pavlina Zuleta 1929/1930. Annales : anali Koprskega primorja in bližnjih pokrajin., št. 1 (1991), str. 179-186. Verginella Marta: Dolga pot pravic žensk (pravna in politična zgodovina žensk na Slovenskem), Ljubljana, 2013. Verginella, Marta: Zgodovina žensk ali ženska zgodovina. V Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev, str. 7 - 11. Verginella, Marta (ur.): Ženska obrobja. Vpis žensk v zgodovino Slovencev, Ljubljana, 2006 Vloga žensk v preteklosti,
Zbornik strokovnih prispevkov za mentorje zgodovinskih krožkov, ZPMS, Komisija za delo zgodovinskih krožkov, Ljubljana, 2010. Vodopivec, Nina: Podoba ženske v listu Naša žena med leti 1945 in 1951. Kronika, 1999, (Ljubljana), letnik 47, številka 1/2, str. 153-167. Železnik, Urška: Marta Verginella: ŽENSKA OBROBJA. Vpis žensk v zgodovino Slovencev. Ljubljana, Delta, 2006, 203 str. Objavljeno v Acta Histriae, 2006, 14, št. 2, str. 497-500. Zenske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004. 209
RIASSUNTO Sava e Jolanda LE DONNE E IL MARE: L'INGRESSO DELLE SLOVENE NEL MONDO MASCHILE DELLA MARINERIA Sebbene oggi sia del tutto normale ehe sulle navi passeggeri le donne svolgano determinate mansioni generiche, sono ancora poche quelle ehe hanno il grado di ufficiali di coperta о di macchina. In queste profession!, in passato riservate agli uomini, sono tuttora costrette a dar prova delle loro capacità e a scegliere tra la carriera e la vita privata. Ma un tempo le cose erano diverse e questo libro su Sava e Jolanda (Sava Kaluža e Jolanda Gruden, ovvero Špica e Jola) illustra due interessant! storie di vita ehe meritano di non cadere nell’oblio. Si traita di vicende inerenti l’affermazione di due ragazze, due giovani donne, in quella ehe era la tipica, tradizionale professione del marittimo. Ancor sempre prédominante è la convinzione ehe in questo ambiente, prevalentemente maschile, e nel mestiere mistificato e idealizzato del marinaio, le donne avrebbero incontrato difficoltà e ostacoli. Sebbene in primo piano ci siano le due donne, nel libro si possono riconoscere anche i loro compagni di accademia, i colleghi maschi e le altre persone con le quali in un modo о nell’altro hanno condiviso i tempi della scuola e del primo impiego e sono state testimoni del primo periodo postbellico. Se si escludono un’ampia sintesi introduttiva e una breve attualizzazione, l’accento è posto proprio sul ruolo avuto dalle prime due Slovene, due donne del Litorale, nella neocostituita scuola nautica slovena nonché sulla connessione tra le loro esistenze e il contesto politico, economico e
sociale di quel periodo. Una professione tradizionalmente maschile è quella caratterizzata da una esigua rappresentanza femminile ehe, in questo ambiente, si troverebbe in grandi difficoltà. Va sottolineato ehe tale situazione non si riscontra unicamente in mare ma anche sulla terraferma. Ma non erano soltanto le donne ehe dopo un determinato periodo di navigazione optavano per la vita a terra. Anche diversi loro colleghi maschi, di norma dopo un beve servizio in mare, decidevano di svolgere questa professione sulla terraferma: quelli ehe perseveravano per un tempo più lungo, maturavano la pensione ancora a bordo. Sava Kaluža e Jolanda Gruden sono state le prime donne marinaio Slovene e jugoslave a portare a termine gli studi marittimi e a imbarcarsi su navi mercantili. Sava fu la prima a iscriversi all’indirizzo nautico e Jolanda la segui l’anno successivo. Quando Sava già navigava sulla nave “Titograd”, Jolanda frequentava ancora la scuola a Pirano. Sava, quindi, non solo navigô un po’ più a lungo, ma in un certo senso fece da apripista anche per Jolanda. Riguardo all’aggettivo jugoslavo, la faccenda è un po’ più complessa: quando si iscrisse a scuola, al termine degli studi e poi quando inizio a lavorare sulla nave, Sava aveva la cittadinanza jugoslava mentre Jolanda quella del TLT - il Territorio libero di Trieste, e acquisi la cittadinanza jugoslava solo con il matrimonio. Poiché la legge stabiliva ehe sulle navi jugoslave i dipendenti ehe erano cittadini jugoslavi dovevano possedere il libretto di navigazione, questo documento si rilasciava a tutti i marittimi
provenienti dalla zona A о da quella B del TLT e cio sta ad indicare ehe in Jugoslavia, in quel decennio di tensione dopo la guerra, si sperava dawero ehe l’intero territorio del TLT sarebbe stato assegnato alla Jugoslavia stessa. 212
SAVA JOLANDA Dobbiamo considerare ehe si traita di due donne ehe hanno studiato e lavorato (anche se per un breve periodo) in un ambiente prettamente maschile. Il loro percorso di formazione e il servizio sulle navi ebbero un carattere pionieristico, ma in seguito furono un modello per moite ragazze ehe avevano deciso di iscriversi alla scuola nautica. Siccome il mestiere di marinaio fu accessibile al genere femminile solo dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, possiamo affermare ehe a scrivere la storia della marineria slovena postbellica hanno contribuito anche queste due donne, non senza una buona dose di coraggio e giudizio. Testimoni e anche protagoniste di important! eventi della storia marittima slovena e jugoslava, proprio per il loro genere e la loro singolarità avrebbero meritato molta più considerazione di quanta ne abbiano avuto. Entrambe, ognuna a suo modo, sono state legate al mare, alia marineria e alle navi per gran parte della loro vita. Ambedue allieve della generazione inaugurale della prima scuola nautica slovena, studiarono in condizioni particolari. Sebbene in seguito fossero state affiancate da altre alunne, in quel periodo furono le uniche a sostenere l’esame di maturità e a conseguire un’istruzione nautica. Per svolgere con profitto il proprio lavoro, un marittimo deve poter contare su una preparazione teorica accurate, una conoscenza approfondita del proprio settore professionale e notevoli capacité per affrontare e risolvere autonomamente e rapidamente situazioni complesse ma anche quegli inconvenient! imprevedibili ehe si possono presentare in mare.
Oltre a conoscenze e abilità, un buon marinaio deve possedere pure delle doti specifiche: un carattere solido e spirito di adattabilità, coraggio, prudenza, precisione e perseveranza nello svolgimento dei propri compiti. Entrambe - le prime due donne ehe desiderarono studiare cantieristica, meccanica, nautica e non gastronomia, economia domestica о lavori manuali - erano ragazze ben proporzionate, una bionda e l'altra bruna. Sin dalla loro iscrizione alia scuola nautica maschile diventarono “interessant!” per l'autorité sociale e la sua convinzione ehe una delicata ragazza non poteva svolgere quei pesanti lavori fisici ehe sino ad allora erano prerogativa esclusiva degli uomini. Per questo motivo, gié durante le lezioni a scuola ma ancor di più nel corso del primo viaggio di studio lungo l’Adriatico sulla nave “Viševica”, diventarono una calamita per i giornalisti e i fotoreporter. Le ragazze facevano sensazione nelle citté dove la nave attraccava. Entrambe raccontarono ehe in divers! porti la gente le guardava come la settima meraviglia del mondo. Le loro fotografie furono più volte pubblicate su vari giornali sloveni, jugoslavi e americani anche perché quando erano assieme sulla nave “Hrvatska” furono present! al primo carico di aiuti umanitari statunitensi in generi alimentari destinât! alla Jugoslavia e quindi comparvero sui giornali americani. Talvolta erano fotografate insieme, ma più spesso separatamente. In seguito Sava, quale prima donna marinaio slovena/ jugoslava, apparve anche su altri giornali e riviste straniere. Il periodo, molto particolare, nel quale Sava e
Jolanda studiarono e navigarono, fu quello immediatamente successivo alla guerra, quando il Paese stava prendendo forma e la posizione delle donne era completamente diversa rispetto aile epoche precedent! ma anche a quelle successive. Dal punto di vista e dalla posizione delle donne ehe intraprendevano questa carriera, la marineria era un settore interessante: erano persuase di potersi mantenere con questo lavoro e di poter vivere in un ambiente tipicamente maschile. Tuttavia, nonostante tali convinzioni, erano sempre soggette a una diversa sorveglianza ehe “vigilava” sull’onore delle ragazze e delle donne e di conseguenza ne ostacolava l’istruzione e l’occupazione. In marina cio awenne con la preparazione e l’approvazione da parte dei vertici marittimi maschili di un decreto/ordinanza ehe vietava aile donne l’impiego sulle navi. Alla fine del 1952 entrambe furono costrette a sbarcare e cessarono di navigare sulle navi della compagnia “Jugolinija”. Anche se non siamo riusciti a rintracciare il decreto in questione, lo possiamo interpretare corne una sorta di minaccia, avanzata dai sostenitori dei valori tradizionali e di quei consolidât! rapport! sociali ehe al termine del primo piano quinquennale avevano ripreso forza. Una volta di più, subito dopo l’affermazione di qualcosa di nuovo, fu palese ehe uguaglianza tra i sessi non significava ancora equivalenza e parité di trattamento. 213
IMENSKO KAZALO B F Babič Emil 161 Baj(e)c Bernarda (Nada) 87, 89, 90, 91, 138 Bajan Ratimir 158 Bajec Humbert 138 Bari Jelisava 75, 86, 89, 90, 91, 98, 136, 138, 175, 191, 200 Bastiotto Humbert 78 Bašelj Marija 91 Berce Venčeslav 96 Bertok Marija - Cesarica 110 Bezlaj Vida 91 Bizjak Oskar Olaf 131,135 Bogič Mirko 11, 94, 95 Bole Leopold 160 Borsellino Bernard 93, 97 Božič Tatjana 207 Broz Josip - Tito 36, 51, 105, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 159, 165, 218, 226, 234 Broz Jovanka 26,171,215,224,231 Broznič Ivan 158 Bučič Vesna 56 Buda Gorazd 239 Burger Andrej 92,97 Buzolič Nikša 158 Filipovič Milenko 165 Finetti Oskar 157, 158, 159, 160 Flisar Edvin 81 Fon Helena 78 Frlič Francesca 197 C Catalani Livio 161 Chamberlyne Anne 53 Coboli Giuseppe 84, 123 Comly French Paul 165 Conyngham-Lenox Enid 26, 28, 175 Cvalič Mate 158 Č Čapulič Srečko 158 Čeč Vladimir 93, 161, 181 Černelč Božo 85 Čokelj Bogomir 78 Čuk Elija 78, 119 G Gentille Giovanni 71 Gergolet Edvard 97 Glaser Anka 91 Godina Mirko 40, 97, 98 Gorišek Šlenc Savina 11, 94, 95, 194 Gorup Aleksander 56 Gorup Josip 55, 56 Gorup Kornelij 56 Gorup Milan 56 Gorup Mucha Ivana 56, 55 Grandi dr. 103 Gregor Simona 197 Gregorovič Dilalo 158 Gruber Marija Djokovič 160 Gruden Bortolotti Ida 35, 217, 225, 233 Gruden Edvard 35, 43, 44, 217, 225, 233 Gruden Franc 95 Gruden Igo 94, 95, 207 Gruden Jolanda (Joli, Jola, Jole) 1-235 Gruden Maria (Marjuči) 35, 43, 45, 225, 233 Gruden Spetič teodora (Dori) 35, 43, 45, 93, 99, 123, 124 167, 171, 206, 217, 225, 233 H Hitty Marija 65 Hočevar Edvard 161 Husar Katja 91, 98, 123 I Ivančič Miloš 84, 92,
129, 208 J D Depolo Boris 121, 167 Derantič Slavko 158 Derin Giovanni 75 Dobrila Nadislav 97 Don Biava 28 Doričič Josip 158 Dorigo Ernesto 75 236 Jakomin Jordan 97 Jakovaševič Josip 158 Jankovič G. 145 Jeraj Mateja 60, 61, 63, 208 Jogan Maca 199, 208 Jonke Tana 26 Junkar Nace 81 Juri Franco 9, 12
к Kacin Stanka 26 Kacin Wohinz Milica 26 Kacin Nedeljka 71 Kalister Franc 56 Kalister Janez 56 Kaluža Andrej 101, 104 Kaluža Boris 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 36, 40, 76, 78, 82, 85, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 114, 115, 117, 121, 124, 128, 131, 132, 138, 150, 150, 151, 160, 167, 172, 174, 180, 181, 187, 214, 215, 222, 223, 230, 231 Kaluža Irene 101, 104, 187 Kaluža Josipina (Pepca) 89, 101, 104, 187, 239 Kaluža Pocecco Tamara 12, 30, 122, 173, 174, 187, 206, 216, 224, 239 Kaluža Rudolf 20, 22, 49 Kaluža Sava (Špic, Špička, Savka, Savček) 1-235 Kaluža Tatjana 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 103, 172, 187, 222, 230 Kaluža Trobec Stanislava (Stana) 19, 49, 214, 222, 230 Kaluža Vida 19, 20, 21, 22, 32, 37, 102, 222, 230 Karinja Snježana 11, 209 Kavšek Slavko 21, 76, 77, 78, 81, 84, 89, 121, 127, 130, 134, 138 Kertelj Bogdan 97 Klinec Jakšič Urška 197 Klun Alojz 97 Knafelc Julij 97 Knez Simona 197 Kopriva Ernest 77 Kos Ivan 158 Kosovel Srečko 54 Kraigher Sergej 77 Kralj Franc 63 Kralj Urša 11, 194, 197 Kraljev Boža 158 Kraljič Ivan 158 Kranjc Maja 200 Kresal France 11, 208 Križman Janko 181 Krstulovič Vicko 79 L Lange Lipovec Milanka 11, 194 Legiša Franjo 97 Lenarčič Anton 77, 78, 85, 114, 123, 130 Lovšin Andrej 12, 128, 206 Lozar Anton 97,99,101,103 M Mahnič Milan 41, 97, 99, 150, 218, 226, 234 Maorinac Miroslav 158 Marc Ivo 97, 98 Margarit Blanka 197, 198 Marija Terezija 68 Marijon llija 85 Marinac Bogdana 11, 120, 208, 209 Marinič Egon 97 Marinko Miha 110 Marsič Bruno 125 Martinov Stanko 158 Marušič Radivoj 79, 97 Maruško Lojze 92, 93 Mašera Fran 71
Mašera Sergej 9, 11, 12, 99, 128, 194, 202, 205, 206, 239 Mažer Alida 41, 42, 43, 45, 95, 128, 206, 219, 227, 239 Mažer Jolanda (glej Gruden Jolanda) Mažer Marija 41 Mažer Petaros Alenka 41, 42, 43, 45, 206, 219, 227, 239 Mažer Roman 41 Mažer Srečko 41, 42, 44, 45, 160, 219, 227, 235 Medanič V. 144 Mendeš Nikša 208 Meštar Ivan 158 Metlika Oskar 77, 78, 125, 130 Miklavčič Boris 85, 97, 105, 136 Milenko Šober 186 Milin Stanko 158 Miškovič Mate 158 Miškovič Sima 158 Modrijan Aleksander 97 Mucha Eduard 55 Mucha (Muha) Gorup Ivana 55, 56 Muha Franc 97 N Naglič Vladimir 149, 208 Nedoh Ivan 97 Negoratič Josip 158 Nikolič Pavao 158 Norbedo Edvard 115 O Oberdank Ivan 161 Obreza Medved Tamara 197 P Pahor Karol (Karlo) 19, 48 Pahor Miroslav 55 Pahor Sonja 26 Pahor Trobec Milena 19,49 Pajič Božidar 158 Pajkurič Medard 158 Palčič Jurij 158 Pegan Slavko 161 Perko Anton 38, 74 Perovšek France 74 Pertotdr. 95 Pertot Janko 115 Pestner Oto 81 Petaros Anja 45 Petaros Andrea 45 Piki Marjeta 91 Plesničar Stojan 77, 78, 93, 130, 134 237
Pocecco Eva Amanda 216, 232 Pocecco Piero 28 Prelaz Lorna 197 Prelog Mary 26, 28 Pres! Igor 11, 209 Prijon Rikard 97 Prinčič Alojzij 78, 85, 135 Privšek Vladimir 161 Pučnik Fran 184 Pučnik Franjo 181 T Tavčar Zorko 37,38,78 Terčon Nadja 9, 11, 14, 209 Tijan Stanislav 181 Tomšič Ivan 97 Trobec Slavec Amalija 19 Trobec Vincenc 19 Trošt Slavko 79, 97, 98, 136, 147 Turk Anton 97 Twrdy Elen 197 R U Rackete Carola 9, 199 Radič Ante 158 Radman Šime 158 Radovčič Mate 158 Radovič Jakov 158 Rak Miran 181 Rak Slavko 158 Rakič Dorde 114 Ravnikar Edvard 111 Regent Ivan 161 Rojc Josip 97 Rončevič Ivan 158 Rotter Josip (Jožko) 161, 177 Rudan Anton 158 Russo Giovanni 37 Ukmar Herman 77, 97, 181 V Vairo Francesco 75 Veber Urška 197 Veber Zvonimir 184 Verginella Marta 13, 49, 196, 209 Vidmar Boris 197, 206 Vlajki Mladen 181, 184 Vodopivec Nina 61, 209 Vojnovič Aleksa 41, 218, 227, 234 Volpi Lisjak Bruno 161 Vouk Viljem (Vilko) 28, 93, 97, 99, 180 Vranič Boris 181, 184 S Z Savka (Savček) 20, 214, 223, 230 Seražin Franc (Franko) 184 Sirgačič Paško 158 Skalicki Bruno 158 Slavec Slavko 84, 97 Smokvina Marijan 158 Spetič Andrej 40, 41, 97, 98, 99, 123, 124, 150, 218, 226, 234 Spetič Gruden Teodora (Dori) 35, 43, 95, 206, 217, 225, 233 Stark Suzanne 58 Strgar Miloš 115 Sutlovič Zorica 91 Š Šega Marinka 91 Šibenik Marjan 85, 93, 97, 131 Šikič Rudolf (Rudi) 28,173 Širca Drago 97 Škerlj Franc 75, 77, 84, 92 Šnuderl Boris 160, 176 Štibilj Anton 97 Štoka Egon 97 Štolfa Vladimir 34, 72, 78, 85, 89, 90, 95, 130, 177 Štorf Hinko 158 238 Zabukovec Biserka 11, 194 Zabukovec Janez 84, 206 Zadnik Cvetko 97
Zahar Jordan 35, 84, 92, 123, 129, 217, 225, 233 Zelen Leo 97 Zule Pavlin 67, 209 Zvrko Ratko 145, 169 Ž Zorč Boris 97 Zunič Marko 158
Kazalo Franco Juri: Prispevek k preseganju predsodkov Nadja Terčon: Ko se morje vplete v življenje ženske Sava in Jolanda 9 u 17 »ŠPIC JE POSTALA KAPITANKA SAVA.« Sava Kaluža (17.6.1929 - 4.10.2014) 18 TAMARA KALUŽA POCECCO: Moja mama Sava Kaluža 30 »TO DEKLE JE ROJENA POMORŠČAKINJA!« (KAP. VLADIMIR ŠTOLFA) Jolanda Gruden, poročena Mažer (9.5.1930 - 24.1. 2014) 34 ALIDA MAŽER: Najina mamajoli skozi spomine na rojstni kraj 43 Ženske v zgodovini in na morju 46 »BOG JE SICER NAREDIL MOŠKEGA FIZIČNO MOČNEJŠEGA, JE PA ZATO POLOŽIL V ŽENSKE GENE VEČJO MERO MOČI IN ENERGIJE ZA SAMOPREŽIVETJE.« Ženske v preteklosti v družbi in zgodovini 47 »EDINA ŽENSKA NA LADJI JE ONA SAMA.« O ženskah na morju v preteklosti 50 »ŽENSKA NA LADJI JEZI MORJE IN LADJO.« Stereotipi in zakonodaja, ženske in pomorstvo 57 »ŽENSKA V SOCIALIZMU NAJ BO ZAPOSLENA.« Položaj žensk po drugi vojni v Jugoslaviji in odnos do njih 60
Pomorsko šolanje 66 »DAS SCHIFF- LA NAVE-THE VESSEL- OVAJ BROD-TA LADJA« Slovenski pomorščaki se vse do i. marca 1947 niso šolali v maternem jeziku. 67 »ČE SE SLOVENSKI POMORŠČAKI NE BI ŠOLALI NATUJIH ŠOLAH, SLOVENSKI NAROD PO VOJNI NE BI RAZMIŠLJAL O SVOJIH.« Boj za meje in ustanovitev Slovenske pomorske trgovske akademije 72 »ME BOMO POMORŠČAKINJE!« Vpis deklet na SPTA 87 »IZ KRANJČEVEGA PREKMURJA, IZ PREŽIHOVE KOROŠKE, IZ VINORODNE ŠTAJERSKE, ČRNIH TRBOVELJSKIH REVIRJEV, SONČNE BELE KRAJINE, IZ GOSTOLJUBNE DOLENJSKE IN NA VIDEZ VASE ZAPRTE GORENJSKE, IZ DEŽELE DOBROVOLJNIH KRAŠEVCEV IN IZ VSEH KRAJEV SLOVENIJE.« (LOJZE MARUŠKO) Od kod so prišli 92 »PRIJATELJI ZA VEDNO« Prvi dijaki 96 »BRAT IN SESTRA« Boris Kaluža 101 »STOL ME ŽULI, TREBUH KRULI.« Pisanje pesmi 105 »JUNAKI DELA SO NASLEDILI JUNAKE BOJA!« Mladinske delovne akcije, udarništvo in socialistično tekmovanje 108 »DRUGA ČETA L FIZKULTURNE MLADINSKE BRIGADE« Udeležba Save in Jolande na vsesokolskem srečanju v Pragi 114 »DRAGI TOVARIŠ TITO!« Titova štafeta 118
»OB 6.30 PRANJE UNIFORM« (JOLANDA gruden) Oblačila dijakov in pomorščakov 120 »KDAJ JE KRUH ŠE VEDNO SVEŽ?« Prehrana dijakov 123 »RADOST VLADA V NAŠEM SRCU, KO SPRAVLJAMO V PRAKSO VSE, KAR SMO SE NAUČILI TEORETSKO V ŠOLI.« (JOLANDA GRUDEN) Praktični pouk na ladjah Viševica in Jadran Jugoslovansko pomorstvo v Savinem in Jolandinem času 126 140 »REKA, SRCE JUGOSLOVANSKEGA POMORSTVA« (JOLANDA GRUDEN) Pomorski center na Reki 141 »POSADKA JE V BISTVU ENA VELIKA DRUŽINA.« (JOLANDA GRUDEN) Izboljšanje delovnih in življenjskih razmer v jugoslovanskem pomorstvu 143 »ZA DELOVNI ČAS SE NA LADJI NE VPRAŠA.« Povojne razmere v jugoslovanskem pomorstvu Zaposlitev na morju in vstopanje v moški svet pomorstva 146 152 »IN DA STA TO LAHKO DELALI GOSPODIČNI, KI STA SICER ZAKLJUČILI POMORSKI TEHNIKUM V PIRANU.« Sava injolanda na ladjah Jugolinije 153 »DOBRODOŠLA!« Na ladji Titograd 155 »DVE ŽENSKI V TRGOVSKI MORNARICI, DVE BODOČI KAPITANKI!« Z legendarno Hrvatsko 164
»NA BOSNI SEM SE ZNAŠLA.« Joli na ladji Bosna 170 »KRANJ I CA« Sava vJugolinijini komerciali 172 »SPET GREMO V PIRAN!« Ustanovitev Splošne plovbe Piran 176 »POVELJNICA« Na motornih čolnih Obalne plovbe 178 »LADIJSKA KOMISARKA« Na ladji Bled 180 »VSE ŽIVLJENJE PA JA NE BO POMORŠČAKINJA!« Pregled plovb Save Kaluža in Jolande Gruden Pomen, aktualizacija in zaključek 188 190 »VIJUGASTA POT ŽENSK OD PRIDOBLJENIH PRAVIC DO ZAPOZNELIH PRIZNANJ« Pomen Savine in Jolandine odločitve za morje 191 »ŽENSKE, KI OSVAJAJO MOŠKI SVET« Aktualizacija in zaključek Kratice, viri in literatura, povzetki, imensko kazalo, nahajališča fotografij Seznam kratic Viri in literatura Riassunto Summary Sažetak Imensko kazalo Nahajališča fotografij 196 204 205 206 212 220 228 236 239
Literatura: Bezlaj Krevel, Ljudmila: Zaposlovanje žensk v poštni, telegrafski in telefonski dejavnosti do druge svetovne vojne. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 177-184. Botrič, Anton: Pomorsko školstvo i sticanje pomorskih zvanja u Jugoslaviji, v Pomorski zbornik II, Zagreb, 1962, str. 1257-1288. Čok, Zlatan: Izzivi tajnega agenta, v Kopru, Samozaložba, novembra 2018. 20 let pomorske šole Piran, Portorož, 1967. Dobaja, Dunja, ocena in predstavitev referatov zborovanja Ženske skozi zgodovino, v Zgodovina v šoli, 2004, št.- 3-4, str. 117-121 Drnovšek, Marjan: Izseljenke v očeh javnosti. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 383-393. Fajfar, Janez: Motorna ladja Bled, Razgledi muzejskega društva Bled za leto 2018, Bled, 2018, str. 90-103. Gabrič, Aleš: Od moškega do unisex šolstva. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 215-221. Ivančič, Miloš: Peruti tržaškega aborigina. Ob 70—letnici napada Nemčije, Italije in drugih na Jugoslavijo oziroma Slovenijo in 70—letnici ustanovitve Osvobodilne fronte. Koper, Združenje protifašistov, borcev za vrednote NOB in veteranov Koper, 2011. Jeraj, Mateja: SLOVENKE NA PREHODU V SOCIALIZEM: vloga in položaj ženske v Sloveniji 1945- 1953. - Ljubljana: Arhiv
Republike Slovenije, (2005). Jeraj, Mateja: Ženska naj bo mati in delavka (Vloga in položaj Slovenk v socializmu, s poudarkom na obdobju 19454-1953). V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 367-372. Jogan, Maca: Opravičevanje podrejenega položaja žensk do začetka druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem. Žena more vladati svet. iz zatišja domače hiše. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 301-309. Kaluža, Sava: Moje prvo vkrcanje , Interno glasilo Univerze za tretjo življenjsko obdobje Faros, št. 1/februar 2007, str. 12. Koršič, Mirko: 30 let slovenskega pomorstva 1945-1975, Koper, 1975. Krajnc, Maja: Spolno zaznamovani poklici (uveljavljanje žensk v tradicionalno moških poklicih). Diplomsko delo, mentorica doc. dr. Marina Tavčar Krajnc, Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za sociologijo. Maribor, 2013, dostopno na spletu 4.10. 2018. Naglič, Vladimir: Kratke zanimivosti iz pomorstva, Ljubljana, Mladinska knjiga 1951, Knjižnica Priroda in ljudje. Kresal, France: Ženske v gospodarstvu do druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem. V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 171-176. Marinac, Bogdana: Ko je ladja postala dom : o slovenskih pomorščakih v trgovski mornarici Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Studia
iustinopolitana : revija Osrednje knjižnice Srečka Vilharja Koper. 2009, let. 2, št. 1, str. 415-431. Marinac, Bogdana: Ladja je moj dom, Bivalni prostori na trgovskih ladjah kraljevine Jugoslavije, Dopolnilo k razstavi. V Kultura na narodnostno mešanem ozemlju Slovenske Istre, Varovanje naravne in kulturne dediščine na področju konservatorstva in muzeologije, Ljubljana, 2002, str. 277-301. Marinac, Bogdana: O uniformi in njeni izpovednosti. V: Obleka po meri človeka : oblačila in obutev v preteklosti : zbornik strokovnih prispevkov za mentorje zgodovinskih krožkov. Ljubljana: Zveza prijateljev mladine Slovenije, Komisija za delo zgodovinskih krožkov, 2007, str. 22-29. Marinac, Bogdana: V modrem in belem, Piran, 2003. Marinac, Bogdana: Življenje mornariškega častnika Vladimirja Štolfe v luči njegovih pisem. Kronika : časopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino. 2002, let. 50, št. 1, str. 55-80. Mendeš, Nikša: Riječko brodarstvo 20. stolječa, Rijeka, pomorski i povijesni muzej Hrvatskog primorja, maj, 2014. Naglič, Vladimir: Kratke zanimivosti iz pomorstva, Ljubljana, 1951 Nečak, Dušan: Mateja Jeraj, Slovenke na prehodu v socializem : (vloga in položaj ženske v Sloveniji 1945-1953). Ljubljana : Arhiv Republike Slovenije, 2005, objavljeno v Zgodovinski časopis, 2007, 61, %2, str. 249-252. Pokaži mi pot do enakosti spolov: Skripta za izobraževalni modul na temo enakosti spolov, maj 2017. Pomorska enciklopedija, 1960-1972, Jugoslavija, 75. Pomorski zbornik, Zagreb, 1963. Slovenski pomorski zbornik. Koper, 1962. Senk, Tatjana: Splošno žensko društvo 1901-1945, od dobrih deklet do
feministk. Urednici Nataša Budna Kodrič in Aleksandra Serše. Arhiv Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana 2003, 575 strani, objavljeno v Arhivi, 2003, 26, št. 2, str. 412-413. SPLOŠNO ŽENSKO DRUŠTVO: 1901-1945 / ur. Nataša Budna Kodrič in Aleksandra Serše. - Ljubljana: Arhiv Republike Slovenije, 2003. Svoljšak, Petra: Tudi jaz sem pomagala do velike zmage! . V: Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.), Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 153-157. 208
Švajncer, J. Janez: Ženska v slovenski vojni in vojaški zgodovini. V Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004, str. 141-151. Terčon, Nadja: Z barko v Trst: Pomorstvo v Piranu, Izoli in Kopru ter gospodarska vloga severozahodne Istre v odnosu do Trsta, Koper, 2005. TERČON, Nadja, MARINAC, Bogdana, KARINJA, Snježana, PRESL, Igor: Ženske in pomorstvo : Zakaj na morje? Izvestja Pomorskega muzeja Piran. 2009, 1, str. 234-243. Terčon, Nadja: Usidrali smo se na morje : Vzpostavitev slovenskega pomorstva 1945-1958, Piran, 2015. Terčon, Nadja: To so bile babe : Šavrinke kot udeleženke maloobalnega potniškega prometa in pomorskih dejavnosti. V: CELESTINA, Ingrid (ur.), TODOROVIČ, Suzana (ur.). Šavrinka. 1. izd. Koper: Libris, 2017. Str. 79-127. Terčon, Nadja: Kalister, Gorupi in pomorstvo. V: Kronika, Rodbini Kalisterin Gorup. Ljubljana: Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, 2010. Str. 87-110, Kronika, 58. Terčon, Nadja: Leto dni med gojenci pomorske letalske šole : iz dnevnika Pavlina Zuleta 1929/1930. Annales : anali Koprskega primorja in bližnjih pokrajin., št. 1 (1991), str. 179-186. Verginella Marta: Dolga pot pravic žensk (pravna in politična zgodovina žensk na Slovenskem), Ljubljana, 2013. Verginella, Marta: Zgodovina žensk ali ženska zgodovina. V Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev, str. 7-11. Verginella, Marta (ur.): Ženska obrobja. Vpis žensk v zgodovino Slovencev, Ljubljana, 2006 Vloga žensk v preteklosti, Zbornik
strokovnih prispevkov za mentorje zgodovinskih krožkov, ZPMS, Komisija za delo zgodovinskih krožkov, Ljubljana, 2010. Vodopivec, Nina: Podoba ženske v listu Naša žena med leti 1945 in 1951. Kronika, 1999, (Ljubljana), letnik 47, številka 1/2, str. 153-167. Železnik, Urška: Marta Verginella: ŽENSKA OBROBJA. Vpis žensk v zgodovino Slovencev. Ljubljana, Delta, 2006, 203 str., Objavljeno v Acta Histriae, 2006, 14, št. 2, str. 497-500. Ženske skozi zgodovino: zbornik referatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev. Aleksander Žižek (ur.). Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Celje, 2004. 209
SAZETAK Sava i Jolanda ŽENE I MORE. ULAZAK SLOVENKI U MUSKI SVIJET POMORSKIH ZANIMANJA Danas je uobičajeno da odredena opča zanimanja na putničkim brodovima obavljaju žene, ali još uvijek je malo onih, koje su zaposlene kao kadetkinje i strojari. Kod tih zanimanja, koja su oduvijek bila rezervirana za muškarce, žene se još uvijek moraju stalno dokazivati i birati izmedu poslovnog i privatnog života. Pa ipak je nekada bilo i drukčije. Iz tog je razloga nastala ova knjiga o Savi i Jolandi, Savi Kaluža i Jolandi Gruden, Spicu ijoli. Knjiga koja donosi zanimljive životne priče koje nikako ne bi smjele pasti u zaborav. Riječ je o uključivanju dviju djevojaka dviju mladih žena u tipično tradicionalno muško zanimanje pomorca. lako su u knjiži glavni likovi žene, ipak se tu mogu prepoznati i njihovi razredni prijatelji, suradnici i ostali, koji su, na ovaj ili onaj način, bili s njima povezani u vrijeme školovanja ili u vrijeme njihovog ranog službovanja te su bili svjedoci poslijeratnog razdoblja. Uz opširniji povijesni prikaz uloge žena na moru nekada i danas, poseban je naglasak na ulozi prvih dviju Slovenki, Primorki u novo osnovanoj slovenskoj pomorskoj školi te isprepletenosti njihovih životnih priča u okviru političkih, gospodarskih i društvenih dogadanja i okolnosti tadašnjeg vremena. Tipično tradicionalno muško zanimanje je ono za koje je karakteristična mala zastupljenost žena. S obzirom na to da se još uvijek smatra kako bi zapošljavanjem u toj muškoj pomorskoj sredini, mistificiranom i idealiziranom zanimanju pomorca žene mogle naiči na probleme i prepreke u svojoj
karijeri, valja istaknuti da je u velikoj mjeri takav slučaj i na корпи, a ne samo na moru. Ali nisu samo žene one, koje se nakon odredenog razdoblja plovidbe opredjeljuju za život na kopnu, več se i puno pomoraca (uobičajeno) nakon kračeg razdoblja službovanja na moru odlučuje za nastavak obavljanja zanimanja na kopnu. Oni koji su ustrajali dulje vremena u plovidbi dočekali su i zasluženu mirovinu. Sava Kaluža i Jolanda Gruden bile su prve slovenske i jugoslavenske žene pomorci, koje su bile školovane i koje su se ukrcale na trgovačke brodove. Sava je bila prva, a Jolanda joj se pridružila sljedeče godine. Obje su bile upisane na nautički smjer. Dok je Sava več plovila na brodu Titograd, Jolanda je, iako se ubrzo pridružila Savi, još uvijek pohadala školu u Piranu. Pa ipak, Sava je za Jolandu več neko vrijeme krčila put i plovila duže od nje. Što se tiče pridjeva jugoslavenski, stvar je malo složenija. Prilikom upisa u školu te završetka školovanja i pristupanju radu na brodu, Sava je bila jugoslavenska državljanka, a Jolanda državljanka STT - Slobodnog Teritorija Trsta. Tek nakon udaje za jugoslavenskog državljanina, Jolanda je dobila jugoslavensko državljanstvo. S obzirom na to da su zakonom svi zaposleni jugoslavenski državljani na jugoslavenskim brodovima izričito morali imati pomorsku knjižicu, a nju su dobivali i svi pomorci, kako iz zone A tako i iz zone В STT, očigledno je da su se u tom napetom poslijeratnom desetlječu odista nadali da če cijeli teritorij STT pripasti Jugoslaviji. 228
SAVA JOLANDA Moramo biti svjesni kako je ovdje riječ o ženama koje su školovale i radile (iako krače razdoblje) u izrazito muškoj sredini. Njihovo školovanje i službovanje imaju inicijacijski značaj, a kasnije su bile uzor mnogim djevojkama, koje su odlučile upisati u pomorsku školu. Zanimanje pomorca (žene pomorca) je ženama postalo dostupno tek nakon drugog svjetskog rata. Stoga ističemo da su slovensku pomorsku poslijeratnu povijest pomogle stvarati i žene koje su morale imati puno hrabrosti i mudrosti. Bile su svjedoci i sudionici važnih dogadaja u slovenskoj i jugoslavenskoj pomorskoj povijesti. Upravo zbog svoga spola i posebnosti morale bi dobiti vécu pozornost od one koju su imale. Obje su veči dio svog života bile povezane s morem i pomorstvom te brodovima, ali svaka na svoj način. Obje su se školovale u specifičnim uvjetima u prvoj generaciji prve slovenske pomorske škole. Iako im se pridružilo još nekoliko kolegica, jedino su one u torn razdoblju položile ispit zrelosti te stekle nautičko obrazovanje. Da bi pomorac uspješno obavljao svoj posao mora imati temeljito opče teoretsko obrazovanje, produbljeno stručno odnosno profesionalno znanje i vještine za samostalno i brzo rješavanje zahtjevnih situacija, pa i nepredvidivih zapleta na moru. Uz znanja i vještine pomorac mora posjedovati i osobne vrline kao što su čvrstoča karaktera i fleksibilnost duha, hrabrost, razboritost, preciznost i ustrajnost prilikom obavljanja svojih zadača. Iako su u prvom planu knjige dvije žene koje su umjesto o kuhanju, domačinstvu i rukotvorinama željele učiti o brodogradnji,
strojarstvu, nautici, zbog šireg je prikaza u knjiži moguče prepoznati i njihove školske prijatelje, suradnike i ostale, koji su na ovaj ili onaj način bili s njima povezani u vrijeme školovanja i prvom razdoblju njihovog zapošljavanja te bili svjedoci prvog poslijeratnog vremena. Uz širi prikaz i kratku aktualizaciju, koji na odredeni način objašnjavaju osnivanje Slovenske pomorske škole i predstavljaju prvu generaciju slovenskih školovanih pomoraca, poseban naglasak je na ulozi prvih dviju Slovenki, Primorki, u novoosnovanoj Slovenskoj pomorskoj školi i ispreplitanju njihovih životnih priča te ekonomskoj i društvenoj situaciji i vremenskim okolnostima. Obje su djevojke bile zgodne, jedna plavokosa i druga tamne kose. Več su prilikom svog upisa na mušku pomorsku školu postale zanimljive društvenoj vlasti i njezinom stavu, da i nježna djevojka može obavljati najteže fizičke poslove, koji su se dotada smatrali isključivo muškim. Stoga su več tijekom školovanja bile magnet za novinare i novinske fotografe, a još više prilikom svog prvog školskog putovanja brodom Viševica preko Jadrana. Gdje god da se brod zaustavio, djevojke su bile senzacija za Stanovnike tih gradova. Obje su pripovijedale da su ih u različitim svjetskim lukama gledali kao sedmo svjetsko čudo. Njihove su fotografije bile više puta objavljene u brojnim slovenskim, jugoslavenskim i američkim novinama. Prilikom zajedničke plovidbe na brodu Hrvatska, prisustvovale su prvom utovaru američke humanitarne pomoči Jugoslaviji u hrani te su tom prigodom predstavljene u američkim novinama. Ponekad su bile predstavljene
zajedno, a više puta svaka ponaosob. Sava je kasnije, kao prva slovenska jugoslavenska žena pomorac, bila predstavljana i u drugim inozemnim časopisima i revijama. Razdoblje u kojem su se Sava i Jolanda školovale i plovile bilo je neposredno nakon rata, kad se država tek osovljavala na noge, a položaj žena bio potpuno drukčiji nego prije, ali i kasnije. Pomorstvo je, s pozicije žena koje su se spremale na taj put, bilo zanimljivo. Žene su vjerovale da mogu od toga živjeti, da mogu preživjeti i u tipično muškim zanimanjima. Usprkos takvim uvjerenjima bile su još uvijek izložene različitim kontrolama koje su se »brinule« za čast djevojaka i žena te priječile njihovo obrazovanje i zapošljavanje. Stoga je muški pomorski vrh donio odluku - uredbu o zabrani zapošljavanja žena na brodovima. Krajem 1952. godine obje su se iskrcale i prestale ploviti na brodovima Jugolinije. Iako nismo uspjeli doči do te uredbe, možemo je razumjeti kao neku vrstu obrane tradicionalnih vrijednosti i ustaljenih društvenih odnosa, koji su nakon prvih pet godina u Jugoslaviji ponovno ojačali. Još jednom se, nedugo nakon priznavanja nečeg novog, pokazalo da ravnopravnost spolova još ne znači jednakost i jednaki tretman. 229
Savin i Jolandin upis u mušku školu, školovanje, matura, kadetura, poručnički ispit, zaposlenje na brodovima Jugolinije i Splošne plovbe znače ulazak Slovenki i Jugoslavenki u tradicionalno muško zanimanje. Njihovo školovanje i zapošljavanje su se odvijali u uskoj vezi s političkim, društvenim, gospodarskim i diplomatskim okolnostima i dogadanjima koji su krojili prvo poslijeratno desetlječe u Primorskoj. Odluka o školovanju na slovenskom jeziku bila je posljedica njihova predratnog školovanja na talijanskom jeziku, kad se zbog Gentileove školske reforme primorska djeca nisu mogla školovati na materinjem jeziku. Iskoristile su posebne prilike i posebno vrijeme, kad je nova škola nastala s namjerom da u zoni B STT bude primjer kako je i u torn istarskom dijelu domovine moguče graditi socijalizam. I da bi svi zajedno spoznali što socijalizam uopče znači. Bile su emancipirane djevojke i začetnice nečeg novog, prokrčile su put u jedno posve novo područje. Proizašle su iz obitelji koje su im mogle pružiti svu moralnu i ekonomsku pomoč. S obzirom na to da nisu imale prethodnica, nisu se mogle ni na koga ugledati. Svaki njihov korak, potez, svaka odluka bila je samo njihova vlastita. One su bile te na koje su se drugi ugledali. Utirale su put i otvarale mogučnost pomorskog školovanja drugim djevojkama. Danas možemo tvrditi da su Sava i Jolanda u vrijeme svoga školovanja i službovanja bile izuzetno moderne žene svoga doba, a kasnije i društvena i medijska atrakcija. Majčinstvo i skrb za obitelj usidrili su ih na obali isto kao i njihove nasljednice, ali i mnoge muške kolege. Sava
Kaluža (17.6.1929. - 4.10.2014.) Sava Kaluža rodena je 17. 6. 1929. u Ilirskoj Bistrici, u obitelji s četvero djece. Najstariji Boris rodio se u Trstu, mlade sestre Tatjana i Vida u Postojni. Obitelj Kaluža se početkom tridesetih godina 20. stolječa preselila u Postojnu i Sava je cijeli svoj život bila „doma u Postojni“. Otac dr. Rudolf Kaluža bio je odvjetnik iz Narina kod Pivke, majka Stanislava (Stana) Trobec iz Trsta. Bila je učiteljica, porijeklom iz poznate trščanske učiteljske obitelji iz Sv. Ivana. Otac Rudolf studirao je pravo u Sieni, a nakon diplome je vodio vlastite odvjetničke kancelarije u Trstu i Postojni. Sve do svoje smrti 1963. godine bio je razapet izmedu Postojne i Trsta. 312 Sava Kaluža Sava se več kao dijete susretala s morem buduči da je s obitelji cesto odlazila na Ijetovanje i kupanje u Grado i u Lovran. Ni planine joj nisu bile Strane, jer je obitelj svake godine dio odmora provodila u Gorjušama na Pokljuki. Seoski život Kalužina su djeca upoznavala u očevom rodnom Narinu. More je doživljavala i u Trstu gdje je u razdoblju drugog svjetskog rata, u školskoj godini 1943./44., pohadala školu. Savu su kod kuče zvali Špička, Savček ili Savka, a u školi Špic. S obzirom na to da je u vrijeme Savina djetinjstva primorski dio bio sastavni dio slovenskog etničkog teritorija pod Italijom, ona je pohadala talijansku osnovnu školu te pet godina gimnazije u Postojni. Nakon rata završila je dva razreda slovenske gimnazije te se u školskoj godini 1946./47., kao jedina žena, upisala na Slovensku pomorsku trgovačku akademiju koja je tada bila osnovana u Zusterni
(Semedeli) kod Kopra. Za 230
IMENSKO KAZALO B F Babič Emil 161 Baj(e)c Bernarda (Nada) 87, 89, 90, 91, 138 Bajan Ratimir 158 Bajec Humbert 138 Bari Jelisava 75, 86, 89, 90, 91, 98, 136, 138, 175, 191, 200 Bastiotto Humbert 78 Bašelj Marija 91 Berce Venčeslav 96 Bertok Marija - Cesarica 110 Bezlaj Vida 91 Bizjak Oskar Olaf 131,135 Bogič Mirko 11, 94, 95 Bole Leopold 160 Borsellino Bernard 93, 97 Božič Tatjana 207 Broz Josip - Tito 36, 51, 105, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 159, 165, 218, 226, 234 Broz Jovanka 26, 171, 215, 224, 231 Broznič Ivan 158 Bučič Vesna 56 Buda Gorazd 239 Burger Andrej 92,97 Buzolič Nikša 158 Filipovič Milenko 165 Finetti Oskar 157, 158, 159, 160 Flisar Edvin 81 Fon Helena 78 Frlic Francesca 197 C Catalani Livio 161 Chamberlyne Anne 53 Coboli Giuseppe 84, 123 Comly French Paul 165 Conyngham-Lenox Enid 26, 28, 175 Cvalič Mate 158 Č Čapulič Srečko 158 Čeč Vladimir 93, 161, 181 Černelč Božo 85 Čokelj Bogomir 78 Čuk Elija 78, 119 G Gentille Giovanni 71 Gergolet Edvard 97 Glaser Anka 91 Godina Mirko 40, 97, 98 Gorišek Šlenc Savina 11, 94, 95, 194 Gorup Aleksander 56 Gorup Josip 55, 56 Gorup Kornelij 56 Gorup Milan 56 Gorup Mucha Ivana 56, 55 Grandi dr. 103 Gregor Simona 197 Gregorovič Dilalo 158 Gruber Marija Djokovič 160 Gruden Bortolotti Ida 35, 217, 225, 233 Gruden Edvard 35, 43, 44, 217, 225, 233 Gruden Franc 95 Gruden Igo 94, 95, 207 Gruden Jolanda (Joli, Jola, Jole) 1-235 Gruden Maria (Marjuči) 35, 43, 45, 225, 233 Gruden Spetič teodora (Dori) 35, 43, 45, 93, 99, 123, 124, 167, 171, 206, 217, 225, 233 H Hitty Marija 65 Hočevar Edvard 161 Husar Katja 91, 98, 123 I Ivančič Miloš 84,
92, 129, 208 J D Depolo Boris 121, 167 Derantič Slavko 158 Derin Giovanni 75 Dobrila Nadislav 97 Don Biava 28 Doričič Josip 158 Dorigo Ernesto 75 236 Jakomin Jordan 97 Jakovaševič Josip 158 Jankovič G. 145 Jeraj Mateja 60, 61, 63, 208 Jogan Maca 199, 208 Jonke Tana 26 Junkar Nace 81 Juri Franco 9, 12
к Kacin Stanka 26 Kacin Wohinz Milica 26 Kacin Nedeljka 71 Kalister Franc 56 Kalister Janez 56 Kaluža Andrej 101, 104 Kaluža Boris 12, 19. 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 36, 40, 76, 78, 82, 85, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100. 101, 102, 103, 104, 114, 115, 117, 121, 124, 128, 131, 132, 138, 150, 150, 151, 160, 167, 172, 174, 180, 181, 187, 214, 215, 222, 223, 230, 231 Kaluža Irene 101, 104, 187 Kaluža Josipina (Pepca) 89, 101, 104, 187, 239 Kaluža Pocecco Tamara 12, 30, 122, 173, 174, 187, 206, 216, 224, 239 Kaluža Rudolf 20, 22, 49 Kaluža Sava (Špic, Špička, Savka, Savček) 1-235 Kaluža Tatjana 19, 20, 21, 26, 2.1, 103, 172, 187, 222, 230 Kaluža Trobec Stanislava (Stana) 19, 49, 214, 222, 230 Kaluža Vida 19, 20, 21, 22, 32, 37, 102, 222, 230 Karinja Snježana 11, 209 Kavšek Slavko 21, 76, 77, 78, 81, 84, 89, 121, 127, 130, 134, 138 Kertelj Bogdan 97 Klinec Jakšič Urška 197 Klun Alojz 97 Knafelc Julij 97 Knez Simona 197 Kopriva Ernest 77 Kos Ivan 158 Kosovel Srečko 54 Kraigher Sergej 77 Kralj Franc 63 Kralj Urša 11, 194, 197 Kraljev Boža 158 Kraljič Ivan 158 Kranjc Maja 200 Kresal France 11, 208 Križman Janko 181 Krstulovič Vicko 79 L Lange Lipovec Milanka 11, 194 Legiša Franjo 97 Lenarčič Anton 77, 78, 85, 114, 123, 130 Lovšin Andrej 12, 128, 206 Lozar Anton 97, 99, 101, 103 M Mahnič Milan 41, 97, 99, 150, 218, 226, 234 Maorinac Miroslav 158 Marc Ivo 97, 98 Margarit Blanka 197, 198 Marija Terezija 68 Marijon llija 85 Marinac Bogdana 11, 120, 208, 209 Marinič Egon 97 Marinko Miha 110 Marsič Bruno 125 Martinov Stanko 158 Marušič Radivoj 79, 97 Maruško Lojze 92, 93 Mašera Fran 71
Mašera Sergej 9, 11, 12, 99, 128, 194, 202, 205, 206, 239 Mažer Alida 41, 42, 43, 45, 95, 128, 206, 219, 227, 239 Mažer Jolanda (glej Gruden Jolanda) Mažer Marija 41 Mažer Petaros Alenka 41, 42, 43, 45, 206, 219, 227, 239 Mažer Roman 41 Mažer Srečko 41, 42, 44, 45, 160, 219, 227, 235 Medanič V. 144 Mendeš Nikša 208 Meštar Ivan 158 Metlika Oskar 77, 78, 125, 130 Miklavčič Boris 85, 97, 105, 136 Milenko Šober 186 Milin Stanko 158 Miškovič Mate 158 Miškovič Sima 158 Modrijan Aleksander 97 Mucha Eduard 55 Mucha (Muha) Gorup Ivana 55, 56 Muha Franc 97 N Naglič Vladimir 149, 208 Nedoh Ivan 97 Negoratič Josip 158 Nikolič Pavao 158 Norbedo Edvard 115 O Oberdank Ivan 161 Obreza Medved Tamara 197 P Pahor Karol (Karlo) 19, 48 Pahor Miroslav 55 Pahor Sonja 26 Pahor Trobec Milena 19,49 Pajič Božidar 158 Pajkurič Medard 158 Palčič Jurij 158 Pegan Slavko 161 Perko Anton 38, 74 Perovšek France 74 Pertot dr. 95 Pertot Janko 115 Pestner Oto 81 Petaros Anja 45 Petaros Andrea 45 Piki Marjeta 91 Plesničar Stojan 77, 78, 93, 130, 134 237
Pocecco Eva Amanda 216, 232 Pocecco Piero 28 Prelaz Lorna 197 Prelog Mary 26, 28 PresI Igor 11, 209 Prijon Rikard 97 Prinčič Alojzij 78, 85, 135 Privšek Vladimir 161 Pučnik Fran 184 Pučnik Franjo 181 T Tavčar Zorko 37, 38, 78 Terčon Nadja 9, 11, 14, 209 Tijan Stanislav 181 Tomšič Ivan 97 Trobec Slavec Amalija 19 Trobec Vincenc 19 Trošt Slavko 79, 97, 98, 136, 147 Turk Anton 97 Twrdy Elen 197 R U Rackete Carola 9, 199 Radič Ante 158 Radman Sime 158 Radovčič Mate 158 Radovič Jakov 158 Rak Miran 181 Rak Slavko 158 Rakič Dorde 114 Ravnikar Edvard 111 Regent Ivan 161 Rojc Josip 97 Rončevič Ivan 158 Rotter Josip (Jožko) 161, 177 Rudan Anton 158 Russo Giovanni 37 Ukmar Herman 77, 97, 181 V Vairo Francesco 75 Veber Urška 197 Veber Zvonimir 184 Verginella Marta 13, 49, 196, 209 Vidmar Boris 197, 206 Vlajki Mladen 181, 184 Vodopivec Nina 61, 209 Vojnovič Aleksa 41, 218, 227, 234 Volpi Lisjak Bruno 161 Vouk Viljem (Vilko) 28, 93, 97, 99, 180 Vranič Boris 181, 184 S Z Savka (Savček) 20, 214, 223, 230 Seražin Franc (Franko) 184 Sirgačič Paško 158 Skalicki Bruno 158 Slavec Slavko 84, 97 Smokvina Marijan 158 Spetič Andrej 40, 41, 97, 98, 99, 123, 124, 150, 218, 226, 234 Spetič Gruden Teodora (Dori) 35, 43, 95, 206, 217, 225, 233 Stark Suzanne 58 Strgar Miloš 115 Sutlovič Zorica 91 Zabukovec Biserka 11, 194 Zabukovec Janez 84, 206 Zadnik Cvetko 97 Zahar Jordan 35, 84, 92, 123, 129, 217, 225, 233 Zelen Leo 97 Zule Pavlin 67, 209 Zvrko Ratko 145, 169 Ž Žorč Boris 97 Žunič Marko 158 Š Šega Marinka 91 Šibenik Marjan 85,93,97,131 Šikič Rudolf (Rudi) 28,173 Širca Drago 97 Škerlj Franc 75, 77,
84, 92 Šnuderl Boris 160, 176 Štibilj Anton 97 Štoka Egon 97 Štolfa Vladimir 34, 72, 78, 85, 89, 90, 95, 130, 177 Štorf Hinko 158 238 Staat M;
SUMMARY Sava and Jolanda WOMEN AND THE SEA, AND THE ENTRY OF SLOVENIAN WOMEN INTO THE MALE WORLD OF THE MARITIME PROFESSION Nowadays it is quite common for women carrying out certain general service professions on board passenger ships, yet there are still only few that work as nautical and engineering personnel. In these professions, which have always been reserved for men, they still have to prove themselves and to choose between professional and private lives. Once upon a time, however, it was different. This is why the book about Sava and Jolanda - Sava Kaluža »Špic« and Jolanda Gruden »Jola« - brings two highly interesting life stories, which certainly deserve not to sink into oblivion. These are stories about two girls, two young women, entering the typical traditional male seafarers’ profession. The belief still holds true that in this completely male maritime environment and mystified as well as idealized male mariner’s profession, women are bound to encounter difficulties and obstacles in their careers. Although two young women are in the foreground, their classmates, colleagues and others who in one way or another participated with them during their schooling and in the early part of their employment and witnessed that first post-war period, can recognize themselves in the book. In spite of wider descriptions and short actualization, a special emphasis is given to the very role of the first two Slovenian women from the Primorska region in the newly established Slovenian naval school and to the intertwinement of their life stories within the framework of political,
economic and social conditions and circumstances of that time. A typical, traditional male profession is the one with characteristically few women represented in it. As the belief still holds that in this solely male maritime envoronment and mystified and idealized male profession should sooner or later encounter various troubles and obstacles during their career, it has to be underlined that the same counts also for land careers and not only for those at sea. But it was not only women who opted after a certain period for life on land. There have also been numerous male seafarers who after a short service at sea (usually) decided to proceed with their profession on land. Those who persisted for a longer time, on the other hand, awaited a well-deserved retirement during their service at sea. Sava Kaluža and Jolanda Gruden were the first Slovenian and Yugoslav female mariners, who upon their schooling boarded merchant ships. Sava was the first, Jolanda followed in the ensuing year. Both had specialized in nautical science. When Sava already sailed on board the Titograd, Jolanda still attended the naval school in Piran. She soon joined Sava, who indeed paved the way also for her and had sailed for a longer time than she. As far as the adjective »Yugoslav« is concerned, the matter is a little more intricate. When Sava enrolled at the school (as well as at the end of her schooling and at the time when she boarded the first ship) she was a Yugoslav citizen, while Jolanda was a citizen of the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT). She became a Yugoslav subject only after marrying a
Yugoslav citizen. But as the laws concerning Yugoslav ships strictly stipulated that all persons employed by Yugoslav ships should be the holders of maritime training certificate, which was acquirded by all who 220
SAVA JOLANDA came from Zone A or Zone В of the Free territory of Trieste, it looks that in the tense decade after the war the Yugoslav authorities truly hoped that the entire FTT territory would eventually belong to the Yugoslav state. Let us bear in mind that we are dealing with two women who were educated and employed (indeed for only a fairly short time) in a distinctly masculine environment. Although their schooling and employment is of beginners character, the two women eventually became role models for numerous girls who decided to enroll at the naval school. The profession of a mariner was accessible to women only after World War II. This is why we can stress that Slovenian maritime post-war history was also created by the two women of great courage and wisdom. They were the witnesses as well as creators of significant events in Slovenian and Yugoslav maritime history. And this is why they should have received, owing to their very gender, much greater attention than they actually have. Both were closely associated with the sea, seamanship and ships for a greater part of their lives, although each in her own way. Both were gaining knowledge during the very specific conditions in the first generation of the first Slovenian naval school. Although they were joined by few more girl students, they were the only ones who passed the maturity exam in this period and thus acquired the maritime education. Seafarers should have, if they are to carry out their work successfully, a thorough general theoretical education, indepth professional knowledge and skills for independent
and quick solving of demanding or challenging situations as well as unpredictable complications at sea. Apart from knowledge and skills, however, sefarers should also possess personal virtues: strength of character and resilience of spirit, prudence, accuracy and perseverance during implementation of their duties. Although the book features the first two women who wished to learn about shipbuilding, marine engineering, nautics and not cooking, housekeeping and handicrafts, it is also possible, owing to the wider approach in the book, to recognize their schoolmates, colleagues and others who in one way or another participated with them during their schooling and in the early part of their employment and witnessed that first post-war period. In spite of wider descriptions and short actualization, which somehow explicate the founding of Slovenian naval school and present the first generation of Slovenian trained sefarers, a special emphasis is given to the very role of the first two Slovenian women from the Primorska region in the newly established Slovenian naval school and to the intertwinement of their life stories within the framework of political, economic and social conditions and circumstances of that time. Both girls were handsome, one blonde and the other dark-haired. Already by enrolling at the naval school, they attracted much interest of social authorities and their conviction that a gentle girl, too, is capable of carrying out even the hardest physical work, which had till then been considered suitable exclusively for men. This is why they became a magnet for
journalists and newspaper photographers already during their schooling but even more so during their first school voyage on board the Viševica down the Adriatic Sea. The girls were a true sensation for inhabitants of the towns in which the ship docked. They both said several times how they were looked at in different ports of the world as the seventh wonder of the world. Their photographs were published several times in a number of Slovenian, Yugoslav and American newspapers. When they sailed together on board the ship Hrvatska, they participated at the first loading of American charity aid for Yugoslavia and were of course quickly introduced to the public in American newspapers. Sometimes they were presented together, but even more often apart. Sava as the first Slovenian - Yugoslav seafarer was later on also given much attention in other foreign newspapers and magazines. The period during which Sava and Jolanda studied and sailed was the period immediately after the war, when the state was trying to get on its feet and when the status of women was completely different than before as well as after. From the aspect and the position of those women who set out on this path, 221
maritime enterprise was certainly interesting. Women believed that they could make a living from it, that they could live and work also in typically male professions. In spite of these convictions, however, they were still subjected to different controls, which »took care« of the honour of girls and women as well as prevented them from getting educated and employed. On ships, this was achieved in such a way that that the naval authorities prepared and passed the decre with which women were prohibited to be employed on ships. At the end of 1952, both girls thus disembarked and stopped sailing with Jugolinija’s ships. Although we have been unable to find this particular decree, we can still understand it as a kind of threat from traditional values and established social relations, which after the completed first five year plan in Yugoslavia gained in strength again. Soon after the introduction of something new it turned out once more that gender equality does not yet mean also equality and equal treatment. Sava’s and Jolanda’s enrollment at a male school, graduation, cadetship, lieutenant examination, employment on ships belonging to the Jugolinija and Splošna plovba liners meant the beginning of Slovenian and Yugoslav women entering the traditional male profession. Their schooling and careers took place in conjunction with environmental-political, social, economic and diplomatic events that shaped the first postwar decade in the Primorska region. The decision to study in Slovenian langauge was the result of their pre-war schooling in Italian language, given that children
from this region could not have been be educated in their mother tongue due to the Gentile School Reform. They took advantage of the special conditions and special time, when the new school was founded also in order to become an example in Zone В of the Free Territory of Trieste of how socialism could be built in this Istrian part of homeland as well. And all together were to realize what socialism meant at all. Sava and Jolanda were emancipated girls and beginners of something new, breaking fresh ground in a completely new sphere. They came from the families that were able to provide all moral and economic support for them. As they had no role models, they had nobody to look up to. Their every step, their every move and decision was their own. They themselves became role models, paving the way for other girls to receive maritime education. Today we can assert that Sava and Jolanda were exceptionally modern women of their time! During their schooling, employment and later they were social and media attraction. Motherhood and caring for the family finally anchored them to the shore, the same as their female successors, as well as several of their male colleagues. Sava Kaluža (17.6.1929 - 4.10.2014) Sava Kaluža was born on 17 June 1929 in Ilirska Bistrica in the family of four children. The oldest was Boris, who was born in Trieste, while her younger sisters Tatjana and Vida were given birth already in Postojna, where the Kaluža family moved in the early 1930s. Father Dr. Rudolf Kaluža was a lawyer from Narin near Pivka, while mother Stanislava (Stana) Trobec was originally
from Trieste. She was a teacher and descendant from the well-known Trieste family of teachers from S. Ivan. Father Rudolf studied law in Siena and after graduating ran a law firm both in Trieste and Postojna. 308 Sava Kaluža 222
SAVA JOLANDA Sava grew fond of the sea already as a child, as the family often spent a few summer days swimming at Grado and Lovran. Mountains were not foreign to her either, since the family spent part of each year at Gorjuše in the Bohinj region, while the children became well acquainted with farm life in their father’s village of Narin. Sava was able to admire the sea also in Trieste, where she attended school in 1943/44 during the war. At home she was called Špička, Savček or Savka, while in school she was known as Špic. Given that the Primorska part of the Slovenian ethnic territory was under Italy during Sava’s chilhood, she attended an Italian primary school and secondary school in Postojna, where she spent five years. After the war, she completed in Postojna another two years at the Slovenian Secondary School and then enrolled in 1946 as the only female at the Slovenian Merchant Marine School, which had just recently been founded at Zusterna (Semedela) near Koper. The first to opt for this school was in fact her brother Boris, who also enspired Sava to take this step. Both moved to Zusterna and Boris was actually her guardian and ally, which made it much easier for her also during her schooling. Her father showed much understanding for her choise, while her mother wished her daughter a «better« life. In the first generation of students, with its lessons starting on 3 March 1947, Sava was the only girl. After leaving the Secondary School in Postojna and embarking on maritime studies, she found herself in an entirely different world, different environment, different
company. Her wish was to get to know other cultures and ethnicities, to learn foreign languages, travel and see the world; the seafarer’s profession was in her life plans just a means for making this desire come true. To her, the sea was a window into the world, which was at that time an adventure to her. She was an attractive blond of medium build and fairly peaceful character, diligent and consciencious in her studies. At the Merchant Marine School in Zusterna she was also a librarian, but was not taking care only of the school library but also took part in the preparation of the first issue of the school newsletter Slovenski mornar (Slovenian Sailor). She studied well, making good progress. In July 1948 she attended, together with Jolanda Gruden, brother Boris, some classmates and Trieste youth the so-called Sokol All-age Gymnastics Meeting In Prague. In August and September of the same year she went, together with her schoolmates, on the first school cruise with the ship Viševice in the Adriatic Sea, and repeated the same journey in summer 1949 with the ship Jadran. In 1949 she passed the matriculation exam and thus completed her schooling. For the first time she boarded a merchant ship in January 1950; this was the Titograd, the very first newly built post-war ship in Yugoslavia, with modernmost cabins and most up-to-date technical equipment of that time! It is not surprising, therefore, that the first Yugoslav trained female seafarer also boarded this ship! Sava Kaluža thus became the first Yugoslav woman employed on a ship. As a cadet she became member of the first
ship’s crew during the first voyage by the first newly built post war ship in Yugoslavia. For two years she sailed as cadet aboard the ships Titograd and Hrvatska. On 29 September 1951 she passed the lieutenant’s exam and was then transferred to Jugolinija’s Commercial Department in Rijeka. Sava had a good experience with her colleagues, even though she was the only woman among the ship’s crew during most of her voyages. The work seemed fairly demanding to her, but not too hard. Still, she admitted that men behaved as gentlemen towards her, especially during the schooling period, and often spared her when hardest work was to be carried out, although she herself wished to remain on an equal footing with them. As Sava is a frequent male name in other Yugoslav nations, it was not always immediately clear that they were to deal with a woman, a female seafarer. It was only when a girl appeared as Sava Kaluža, that many realized that they would be confronted with a true woman on the ship. But as she had a graduation certificate from a naval school in her hands and was capable of carrying out even the toughest jobs, her colleagues fairly quickly accepted her in their midst. She particularly remembered her fisrt voyage on board the ship Titograd, which she considered to be by far the most comfortable among them all. She was well received by her workmates, who wrote WELCOME on a napkin, and never did they attempt to instill an inferiority complex in her. 223 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Terčon, Nadja 1963- |
| author_facet | Terčon, Nadja 1963- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Terčon, Nadja 1963- |
| author_variant | n t nt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049669215 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1437840257 (DE-599)BVBBV049669215 |
| era | Geschichte 1930-2014 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1930-2014 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049669215</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240429s2020 xv a||| b||| 00||| slv d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789619432877</subfield><subfield code="9">978-961-94328-7-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1437840257</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049669215</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">slv</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xv</subfield><subfield code="c">SI</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Terčon, Nadja</subfield><subfield code="d">1963-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sava & Jolanda</subfield><subfield code="b">prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession</subfield><subfield code="c">Nadja Terčon</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Sava e Jolanda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Sava in Jolanda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Sava i Jolanda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Sava and Jolanda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Piran</subfield><subfield code="b">Pomorski muzej</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">241 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Faksimiles</subfield><subfield code="c">31 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Auflage 350. - Literaturverzeichnis Seite 206-209</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Italienische, englische und kroatische Zusammenfassung: Sava e Jolanda. Sava and Jolanda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1930-2014</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Matrosin</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1327910268</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Slowenien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4055302-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kaluža, Sava / 1929-2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Gruden, Jolanda / 1930-2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Women sailors / Slovenia / Biography</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kaluža, Sava / 1929-2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Gruden, Jolanda / 1930-2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Women sailors</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Slovenia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Biographies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4006804-3</subfield><subfield code="a">Biografie</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Slowenien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4055302-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Matrosin</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1327910268</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1930-2014</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Personenregister</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000013&line_number=0007&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Personenregister</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000015&line_number=0008&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20240429</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">305.309</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">305.309</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090512</subfield><subfield code="g">4973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">305.309</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090511</subfield><subfield code="g">4973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">609</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035012246</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Slowenien |
| id | DE-604.BV049669215 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:06:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789619432877 |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035012246 |
| oclc_num | 1437840257 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 241 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles 31 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240429 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Pomorski muzej |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Terčon, Nadja 1963- Verfasser aut Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession Nadja Terčon Sava e Jolanda Sava in Jolanda Sava i Jolanda Sava and Jolanda Piran Pomorski muzej 2020 241 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Auflage 350. - Literaturverzeichnis Seite 206-209 Italienische, englische und kroatische Zusammenfassung: Sava e Jolanda. Sava and Jolanda Geschichte 1930-2014 gnd rswk-swf Matrosin (DE-588)1327910268 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd rswk-swf Kaluža, Sava / 1929-2014 Gruden, Jolanda / 1930-2014 Women sailors / Slovenia / Biography Women sailors Slovenia Biographies (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 g Matrosin (DE-588)1327910268 s Geschichte 1930-2014 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000013&line_number=0007&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000015&line_number=0008&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Terčon, Nadja 1963- Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession Matrosin (DE-588)1327910268 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1327910268 (DE-588)4055302-4 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |
| title_alt | Sava e Jolanda Sava in Jolanda Sava i Jolanda Sava and Jolanda |
| title_auth | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |
| title_exact_search | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |
| title_full | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession Nadja Terčon |
| title_fullStr | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession Nadja Terčon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sava & Jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession Nadja Terčon |
| title_short | Sava & Jolanda |
| title_sort | sava jolanda prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorscakinji zenske in morje ter vstop slovenk v moski svet pomorskega poklica sava and jolanda women and the sea and the entry of slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |
| title_sub | prvi slovenski in jugoslovanski pomorščakinji : ženske in morje ter vstop Slovenk v moški svet pomorskega poklica = Sava and Jolanda : women and the sea, and the entry of Slovenian women into the male world of the maritime profession |
| topic | Matrosin (DE-588)1327910268 gnd |
| topic_facet | Matrosin Slowenien Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000013&line_number=0007&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035012246&sequence=000015&line_number=0008&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT terconnadja savajolandaprvislovenskiinjugoslovanskipomorscakinjizenskeinmorjetervstopslovenkvmoskisvetpomorskegapoklicasavaandjolandawomenandtheseaandtheentryofslovenianwomenintothemaleworldofthemaritimeprofession AT terconnadja savaejolanda AT terconnadja savainjolanda AT terconnadja savaijolanda AT terconnadja savaandjolanda |