State responses to anti-LGBT violence: Poland in a European context
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cham, Switzerland
Palgrave Macmillan
[2024]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Global queer politics
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Part 1 1 2 Introduction: Making Anti-LGBT Hate a Crime in the Twenty-First Century 1.1 What is This Book About? 1.2 Understanding Anti-LGBT Violence 1.2.1 Anti-LGBT Violence and Control Mechanisms 1.2.2 From Exclusion to “Inclusion”: The Evolving Perceptions of LGBT People 1.3 Criminalising Anti-LGBT Hate: Issues and Critiques 1.4 Anti-LGBT Violence and the Hate Crime Concept 1.5 Theoretical Framework: An Overview 1.6 Structure of the Book References Drivers of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Laws (And Beyond) 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction Social Movement Mobilisation Endogenous Factors 2.3.1 Anti-Hate Movement 2.3.2 Political Opportunities 2.3.3 Public Support 2.3.4 Democracy and Economic Development 3 3 10 10 12 16 19 24 26 28 37 37 40 42 42 44 45 46 xi
xii CONTENTS 2.4 2.5 3 4 Exogenous Factors Determinants of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Law Enforcement 2.6 Key Detractors of Anti-LGBTHate Crime Laws 2.6.1 Issue Salience 2.6.2 Religious Fundamentalism, Anti-Gender, and Disinformation Campaigns 54 2.7 Summary: From Motivation to Legislation References 47 Towards Global Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Elements of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 3.2.1 Legal and Policy Frameworks 3.2.2 Monitoring, Review, Enforcement, and Complaints Mechanisms 74 3.2.3 International Aid and Technical Assistance 3.3 Navigating Change in Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 80 3.4 Conclusion References 65 65 67 68 Ups and Downs of the Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Project in Europe Introduction Policy Diffusion in Europe Data and Method ofAnalysis Leaders, Laggards, and Learning Curves 4.4.1 Overview of Results 4.4.2 Comprehensive Protection 4.4.3 Partial Protection 4.4.4 Limited Protection 4.5 Conclusion of Part I: Laws in Action or Action Without Laws7. 4.5.1 Patterns of Diffusion 4.5.2 Poland as an in-Depth Case Study References 49 53 53 57 58 77 85 88 95 95 97 101 105 105 110 111 116 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 117 118 120 121
CONTENTS xiii Part 2 5 “I Am Not a Rainbow Revolutionary”: Factors Shaping LGBT Politics in Poland Introduction Constituents of Polishness LGBT People as Threatening Others 5.3.1 How It Started. 5.3.2 . and How IPs Going 5.4 Party Politics and the “Trojan Horse” 5.4.1 Political Opportunities 5.4.2 Political Trajectories of LGBT Rights Bills 5.4.3 Changes in Political Parties3 Stances 5.5 Conclusion References 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 Stop the Hejt·. Framing and Prioritising Anti-LGBT Hate Crime in Advocacy Campaigns Introduction Hate Crime, Hate Speech, Hejt LGBT Movement's Priorities 6.3.1 Organisational Developments 6.3.2 Legislative Initiatives 6.4 When Hate Speech Takes Centre Stage 6.4.1 Activities on Hate Speech and Hate Crime 6.4.2 Causes of Focusing on Hate Speech 6.5 LGBT Rights Framing 6.6 Critiques and Ways Forward 6.7 Conclusion References 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 Circuits of Justice: Polish Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Advocacy Through Strasbourg and Geneva 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Introduction Transnational Anti-Hate Activism The “Why?” Question: Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Advocacy The “How?” Question: Shadow Reporting in Geneva and Cause Lawyering in Strasbourg 127 127 129 136 136 139 141 141 145 149 150 151 159 159 161 163 163 166 168 168 171 175 181 183 184 191 191 193 198 201
XÎV CONTENTS Leveraging the Universal Periodic Review Strategic Litigation in the European Court of Human Rights 7.5 The aSo What?” Question: State’s Response, Accountability, and Resistance 208 7.6 Discussion and Conclusions References 7.4.1 7.4.2 202 205 211 213 Part 3 8 9 Guardians of the Status Quo: The Hate Crime Law Debate in the Polish Parliament 221 8.1 Lntroduction 8.2 Existing Legal and Policy Frameworks 8.3 Official Works on the Amendment of the Criminal Code 8.4 Key Detractors ofAnti-LGBT Hate Crime Laws 8.4.1 Historical Arguments 8.4.2 Arguments Related to Sound Law-Making 8.4.3 Arguments Related to the Freedom of Speech 8.5 The State, the Victim, and the Offender of Hate Crime 8.5.1 Ideal Victim and Ideal Offender 8.5.2 Rights vs. Paternalism: Whose Interests? 8.6 Conclusion: Drawing the Line at Sexual Orientation References 221 223 227 231 232 236 239 241 241 244 246 248 Behind Political Rhetoric: Silent Progress In Poland’s Hate Crime Response 255 9.1 Introduction 255 9.2 Coalitions and Learnings 257 9.3 Improvements in Police and Prosecutors’ Training and Organisational Structures 261 9.4 Improvements in Hate Crime Data Collection and Monitoring 263 9.5 Catalysts of the Changes in Policy and Practice 267 9.5.1 Moral Panic Around the Rise of the Neo-Nazi Movement 268 9.5.2 Preparations to the EURO2012 Football Games 269
CONTENTS XV 9.5.3 International Pressure anti Technical Assistance 270 9.5.4 NGO Advocacy 9.5.5 Committed People 9.6 Shortcomings and Sustainabilityof Changes 9.7 Conclusion of Part III: The Fragile Foundations of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Measures References 10 273 275 278 282 284 The Journey and Horizon: Reflecting on the Progress and Prospects of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance in Poland and Beyond 291 Introduction Recap: Key Findings and Contributions Developments Outside of Europe Challenges and Opportunities for Global Queer Polities 10.5 Future Directions 10.5.1 Research 10.5.2 Policy and Advocacy References 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11 Note on Methodology 11.1 Research Design 11.2 Data 11.3 Analysis 11.4 Ethical Considerations References Index 291 292 296 297 298 298 300 302 305 305 307 309 310 311 313
Index homophobia and transphobia, 22, 162, 237 political homophobia, 127, 160, 172 “LGBT-Free Zones”, 4, 79, 101, 144, 201 “LGBT ideology”, 3, 55, 57, 127, 128, 135, 140, 141, 293 political homophobia, 127, 160, 172 societal attitudes historical context, 235, 244 social construction, 15 A Activism and advocacy advocacy coalitions, 81-83, 87, 100, 194, 260, 276, 278, 296, 307 advocacy strategies boomerang effect, 192, 207 coalition building, 202 framing, 27, 181, 183 issue externalisation, 192 intersectionality in coalitions, 20 transnational advocacy networks, 81, 82, 193, 195, 196, 212, 306 В Bias and prejudice antisemitism, 84, 132, 136, 137, 171, 255, 256, 261, 270, 283 Christianophobia, 140, 141 “gender ideology”, 55, 57, 127, 135, 139-141, 293 homophobia and transphobia and nationalism, 15 C Civil society organisations and networks Campaign Against Homophobia (Kampania Przeciw Homofobii, KPH), 145, 163, 307 Coalition Against Bias-Motivated Crimes, 165, 166, 169, 203 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024 P. Godzisz, State Responses to Anti-LGBT Violence, Global Queer Politics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53801-8 313
314 INDEX ILGA and ILGA-Europe, 7, 44, 51, 83, 84, 95, 102, 111, 195, 207, 307 Lambda Warsaw, 165, 169, 191, 198, 203, 275, 282, 309 Love Does Not Exclude (Milosc Nie Wyklucza, MNW), 164 Never Again Association, 165, 200, 256, 275, 281 Ordo Iuris, 140, 141, 144, 229 Stop Bzdurom, 5, 200 Trans-Fuzja, 145, 164, 165 Comparative hate crime laws Albania, 107, 114 Armenia, 78, 107 Austria, 106 Azerbaijan, 107 Belarus, 107 Belgium, 106, 110 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 107, 114 Bulgaria, 107 Croatia, 106 Cyprus, 106 Czechia, 107 Denmark, 106 Estonia, 106 Finland, 106 France, 106 Georgia, 106 Germany, 106 Greece, 106 Hungary, 106 Iceland, 106 Ireland, 106 Italy, 54, 107 Kosovo, 107 Latvia, 107 Liechtenstein, 106 Lithuania, 106 Luxembourg, 106 Malta, 106 Moldova, 107 Montenegro, 106 Netherlands, 106 North Macedonia, 107 Norway, 106 Portugal, 106 Romania, 107 Russia, 107 Serbia, 107 Slovakia, 106 Slovenia, 106 Spain, 106 Sweden, 106 Switzerland, 106 Türkiye, 107 Ukraine, 107 United Kingdom, 106 Court cases Azul Rojas Marin and Others v. Peru, 297 Bednarek and Others v. Poland, 206 Cole-Wilson, 222 Identoba and others v Georgia, 76 ON and DP v. Russian Federation, 75, 202 Pietrasiewicz, 268 G Global governance Council of Europe ECRI, 70, 72, 75, 179, 270, 279 ECtHR, 48, 71, 72, 76, 144, 206, 207, 235 European Commissioner for Human Rights, 75 European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR), 222 SOGI Unit, 78, 84 European Economic Area (EEA), 79, 168 European Union (EU) CEPOL, 84
INDEX European Commission, 70, 73, 76, 77, 83, 98, 100, 119, 134, 195, 226, 261 European Parliament, 69, 72 Fundamental Rights Agency, 271, 278 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 21-23, 50, 68, 77, 80, 81, 83, 86, 120, 140, 161, 197, 265, 296, 301 Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), 20, 21, 23, 28, 68, 75, 78, 79, 84, 104, 108, 112, 113, 117, 120, 174, 202, 229, 239, 256, 257, 261, 263, 265, 266, 270-273, 276-278, 283, 310 Organisation of American States Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 297 United Nations (UN) Committee Against Torture (CAT), 74, 203 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 70, 75, 76, 195, 202, 203 Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 74, 203 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 71, 72 UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), 72, 74, 144, 191, 197, 203, 204 UN Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 84, 85 315 Hate crime-conceptual issues criminalisation, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 96 hate crime policy model, 9, 50, 57, 83, 204, 272, 276, 283, 294, 296, 300, 308 human rights approach, 21, 236, 238 international hate crime concept, 9, 20, 257, 283, 301 social justice liberalism, 19 Hate crime laws-determinants anti-hate movement, 42, 56, 115 democracy and economic development, 46 Determinants of Effective Law Enforcement, 39, 49 exogenous factors, 47 issue salience, 53 political opportunities, 44 public support, 45 Religious Fundamentalism, Anti-Gender, and Disinformation Campaigns, 54 Hate speech definitional issues, 80, 160, 161 focus on hate speech in advocacy, 294
Hejt, 159-162 I International laws, instruments, and mechanisms Audiovisual Media Services Directive, 72, 73, 225 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, 72 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 70, 75, 76, 195, 202, 203
316 INDEX European Convention for Human Rights (ECHR), 71, 207 Framework Decision on Racism 2008/913/JHA, 69, 119, 226 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), 69 Istanbul Convention, 55, 70, 117, 139 LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025, 73 Universal Periodic Review, 48, 74, 191, 202, 203 Victims’ Rights Directive, 69 Yogyakarta Principles, 65, 66, 86, 195 P Paternalism, 133, 247, 295, 298 People Adam Bodnar, 210, 300 Aleksander Stçpkowski, 144 Andrzej Duda, 146 Anna Grodzka, 138, 145, 146 Bart Staszewski, 164, 200 Bronislaw Komorowski, 146 Donald Tusk, 127, 150 Elzbieta Radziszewska, 143 Ewa Kopacz, 159 Kaja Godek, 172 Katarzyna Kotula, 300 Krystyna Pawtowicz, 138, 239, 240 Krzysztof Smiszek, 200, 300 Lech Kaczytiski, 138 Marek Jçdraszewski, 139 Margot Szutowicz, 5, 283 Pawel Adamowicz, 171 Rafat Krôlikowski, 180, 233 Robert Biedron, 144, 145, 236, 239, 242 Policy diffusion, 97, 98 Polish institutions Commissioner for Human Rights (Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, RPO), 200, 209, 226, 229, 274, 279 Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment, 143, 230 Ministry of Internal Affairs, 271 Ministry of Justice, 141, 149, 209, 210, 225, 227, 230, 233, 238, 277, 281 Prosecutor General’s office, 231, 262, 263, 268, 269 Sejm (lower chamber of the parliament), 138, 142, 145, 146 Supreme Court, 37, 43, 55, 143, 144, 231, 234, 237, 239, 240, 243 Polish law Broadcasting Act, 210, 225 Criminal Code, 45, 129, 148, 149, 151, 164-168, 174, 178, 180, 182, 191, 200, 203-205, 207, 209, 210, 213, 223, 225-227, 229, 231-234, 236, 237, 240-242, 259,
261, 265, 271, 274, 281, 294, 295, 301 proposed amendments, 283 Political parties Civic Platform (PO), 142, 145, 146, 149, 150, 159, 160, 166, 199,227 Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), 144, 145, 149, 150, 166, 167, 227 Law and Justice Party (PiS), 137, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 151, 172, 199 Palikot’s Movement/Your Movement, 144, 149, 227 Polish People’s Party (PSL), 142, 146, 199, 227
Contents Part 1 1 2 Introduction: Making Anti-LGBT Hate a Crime in the Twenty-First Century 1.1 What is This Book About? 1.2 Understanding Anti-LGBT Violence 1.2.1 Anti-LGBT Violence and Control Mechanisms 1.2.2 From Exclusion to “Inclusion”: The Evolving Perceptions of LGBT People 1.3 Criminalising Anti-LGBT Hate: Issues and Critiques 1.4 Anti-LGBT Violence and the Hate Crime Concept 1.5 Theoretical Framework: An Overview 1.6 Structure of the Book References Drivers of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Laws (And Beyond) 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction Social Movement Mobilisation Endogenous Factors 2.3.1 Anti-Hate Movement 2.3.2 Political Opportunities 2.3.3 Public Support 2.3.4 Democracy and Economic Development 3 3 10 10 12 16 19 24 26 28 37 37 40 42 42 44 45 46 xi
xii CONTENTS 2.4 2.5 3 4 Exogenous Factors Determinants of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Law Enforcement 2.6 Key Detractors of Anti-LGBTHate Crime Laws 2.6.1 Issue Salience 2.6.2 Religious Fundamentalism, Anti-Gender, and Disinformation Campaigns 54 2.7 Summary: From Motivation to Legislation References 47 Towards Global Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Elements of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 3.2.1 Legal and Policy Frameworks 3.2.2 Monitoring, Review, Enforcement, and Complaints Mechanisms 74 3.2.3 International Aid and Technical Assistance 3.3 Navigating Change in Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance 80 3.4 Conclusion References 65 65 67 68 Ups and Downs of the Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Project in Europe Introduction Policy Diffusion in Europe Data and Method ofAnalysis Leaders, Laggards, and Learning Curves 4.4.1 Overview of Results 4.4.2 Comprehensive Protection 4.4.3 Partial Protection 4.4.4 Limited Protection 4.5 Conclusion of Part I: Laws in Action or Action Without Laws7. 4.5.1 Patterns of Diffusion 4.5.2 Poland as an in-Depth Case Study References 49 53 53 57 58 77 85 88 95 95 97 101 105 105 110 111 116 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 117 118 120 121
CONTENTS xiii Part 2 5 “I Am Not a Rainbow Revolutionary”: Factors Shaping LGBT Politics in Poland Introduction Constituents of Polishness LGBT People as Threatening Others 5.3.1 How It Started. 5.3.2 . and How IPs Going 5.4 Party Politics and the “Trojan Horse” 5.4.1 Political Opportunities 5.4.2 Political Trajectories of LGBT Rights Bills 5.4.3 Changes in Political Parties3 Stances 5.5 Conclusion References 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 Stop the Hejt·. Framing and Prioritising Anti-LGBT Hate Crime in Advocacy Campaigns Introduction Hate Crime, Hate Speech, Hejt LGBT Movement's Priorities 6.3.1 Organisational Developments 6.3.2 Legislative Initiatives 6.4 When Hate Speech Takes Centre Stage 6.4.1 Activities on Hate Speech and Hate Crime 6.4.2 Causes of Focusing on Hate Speech 6.5 LGBT Rights Framing 6.6 Critiques and Ways Forward 6.7 Conclusion References 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 Circuits of Justice: Polish Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Advocacy Through Strasbourg and Geneva 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Introduction Transnational Anti-Hate Activism The “Why?” Question: Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Advocacy The “How?” Question: Shadow Reporting in Geneva and Cause Lawyering in Strasbourg 127 127 129 136 136 139 141 141 145 149 150 151 159 159 161 163 163 166 168 168 171 175 181 183 184 191 191 193 198 201
XÎV CONTENTS Leveraging the Universal Periodic Review Strategic Litigation in the European Court of Human Rights 7.5 The aSo What?” Question: State’s Response, Accountability, and Resistance 208 7.6 Discussion and Conclusions References 7.4.1 7.4.2 202 205 211 213 Part 3 8 9 Guardians of the Status Quo: The Hate Crime Law Debate in the Polish Parliament 221 8.1 Lntroduction 8.2 Existing Legal and Policy Frameworks 8.3 Official Works on the Amendment of the Criminal Code 8.4 Key Detractors ofAnti-LGBT Hate Crime Laws 8.4.1 Historical Arguments 8.4.2 Arguments Related to Sound Law-Making 8.4.3 Arguments Related to the Freedom of Speech 8.5 The State, the Victim, and the Offender of Hate Crime 8.5.1 Ideal Victim and Ideal Offender 8.5.2 Rights vs. Paternalism: Whose Interests? 8.6 Conclusion: Drawing the Line at Sexual Orientation References 221 223 227 231 232 236 239 241 241 244 246 248 Behind Political Rhetoric: Silent Progress In Poland’s Hate Crime Response 255 9.1 Introduction 255 9.2 Coalitions and Learnings 257 9.3 Improvements in Police and Prosecutors’ Training and Organisational Structures 261 9.4 Improvements in Hate Crime Data Collection and Monitoring 263 9.5 Catalysts of the Changes in Policy and Practice 267 9.5.1 Moral Panic Around the Rise of the Neo-Nazi Movement 268 9.5.2 Preparations to the EURO2012 Football Games 269
CONTENTS XV 9.5.3 International Pressure anti Technical Assistance 270 9.5.4 NGO Advocacy 9.5.5 Committed People 9.6 Shortcomings and Sustainabilityof Changes 9.7 Conclusion of Part III: The Fragile Foundations of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Measures References 10 273 275 278 282 284 The Journey and Horizon: Reflecting on the Progress and Prospects of Anti-LGBT Hate Crime Governance in Poland and Beyond 291 Introduction Recap: Key Findings and Contributions Developments Outside of Europe Challenges and Opportunities for Global Queer Polities 10.5 Future Directions 10.5.1 Research 10.5.2 Policy and Advocacy References 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11 Note on Methodology 11.1 Research Design 11.2 Data 11.3 Analysis 11.4 Ethical Considerations References Index 291 292 296 297 298 298 300 302 305 305 307 309 310 311 313
Index homophobia and transphobia, 22, 162, 237 political homophobia, 127, 160, 172 “LGBT-Free Zones”, 4, 79, 101, 144, 201 “LGBT ideology”, 3, 55, 57, 127, 128, 135, 140, 141, 293 political homophobia, 127, 160, 172 societal attitudes historical context, 235, 244 social construction, 15 A Activism and advocacy advocacy coalitions, 81-83, 87, 100, 194, 260, 276, 278, 296, 307 advocacy strategies boomerang effect, 192, 207 coalition building, 202 framing, 27, 181, 183 issue externalisation, 192 intersectionality in coalitions, 20 transnational advocacy networks, 81, 82, 193, 195, 196, 212, 306 В Bias and prejudice antisemitism, 84, 132, 136, 137, 171, 255, 256, 261, 270, 283 Christianophobia, 140, 141 “gender ideology”, 55, 57, 127, 135, 139-141, 293 homophobia and transphobia and nationalism, 15 C Civil society organisations and networks Campaign Against Homophobia (Kampania Przeciw Homofobii, KPH), 145, 163, 307 Coalition Against Bias-Motivated Crimes, 165, 166, 169, 203 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024 P. Godzisz, State Responses to Anti-LGBT Violence, Global Queer Politics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53801-8 313
314 INDEX ILGA and ILGA-Europe, 7, 44, 51, 83, 84, 95, 102, 111, 195, 207, 307 Lambda Warsaw, 165, 169, 191, 198, 203, 275, 282, 309 Love Does Not Exclude (Milosc Nie Wyklucza, MNW), 164 Never Again Association, 165, 200, 256, 275, 281 Ordo Iuris, 140, 141, 144, 229 Stop Bzdurom, 5, 200 Trans-Fuzja, 145, 164, 165 Comparative hate crime laws Albania, 107, 114 Armenia, 78, 107 Austria, 106 Azerbaijan, 107 Belarus, 107 Belgium, 106, 110 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 107, 114 Bulgaria, 107 Croatia, 106 Cyprus, 106 Czechia, 107 Denmark, 106 Estonia, 106 Finland, 106 France, 106 Georgia, 106 Germany, 106 Greece, 106 Hungary, 106 Iceland, 106 Ireland, 106 Italy, 54, 107 Kosovo, 107 Latvia, 107 Liechtenstein, 106 Lithuania, 106 Luxembourg, 106 Malta, 106 Moldova, 107 Montenegro, 106 Netherlands, 106 North Macedonia, 107 Norway, 106 Portugal, 106 Romania, 107 Russia, 107 Serbia, 107 Slovakia, 106 Slovenia, 106 Spain, 106 Sweden, 106 Switzerland, 106 Türkiye, 107 Ukraine, 107 United Kingdom, 106 Court cases Azul Rojas Marin and Others v. Peru, 297 Bednarek and Others v. Poland, 206 Cole-Wilson, 222 Identoba and others v Georgia, 76 ON and DP v. Russian Federation, 75, 202 Pietrasiewicz, 268 G Global governance Council of Europe ECRI, 70, 72, 75, 179, 270, 279 ECtHR, 48, 71, 72, 76, 144, 206, 207, 235 European Commissioner for Human Rights, 75 European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR), 222 SOGI Unit, 78, 84 European Economic Area (EEA), 79, 168 European Union (EU) CEPOL, 84
INDEX European Commission, 70, 73, 76, 77, 83, 98, 100, 119, 134, 195, 226, 261 European Parliament, 69, 72 Fundamental Rights Agency, 271, 278 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 21-23, 50, 68, 77, 80, 81, 83, 86, 120, 140, 161, 197, 265, 296, 301 Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), 20, 21, 23, 28, 68, 75, 78, 79, 84, 104, 108, 112, 113, 117, 120, 174, 202, 229, 239, 256, 257, 261, 263, 265, 266, 270-273, 276-278, 283, 310 Organisation of American States Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 297 United Nations (UN) Committee Against Torture (CAT), 74, 203 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 70, 75, 76, 195, 202, 203 Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 74, 203 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 71, 72 UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), 72, 74, 144, 191, 197, 203, 204 UN Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 84, 85 315 Hate crime-conceptual issues criminalisation, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 96 hate crime policy model, 9, 50, 57, 83, 204, 272, 276, 283, 294, 296, 300, 308 human rights approach, 21, 236, 238 international hate crime concept, 9, 20, 257, 283, 301 social justice liberalism, 19 Hate crime laws-determinants anti-hate movement, 42, 56, 115 democracy and economic development, 46 Determinants of Effective Law Enforcement, 39, 49 exogenous factors, 47 issue salience, 53 political opportunities, 44 public support, 45 Religious Fundamentalism, Anti-Gender, and Disinformation Campaigns, 54 Hate speech definitional issues, 80, 160, 161 focus on hate speech in advocacy, 294
Hejt, 159-162 I International laws, instruments, and mechanisms Audiovisual Media Services Directive, 72, 73, 225 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, 72 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 70, 75, 76, 195, 202, 203
316 INDEX European Convention for Human Rights (ECHR), 71, 207 Framework Decision on Racism 2008/913/JHA, 69, 119, 226 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), 69 Istanbul Convention, 55, 70, 117, 139 LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025, 73 Universal Periodic Review, 48, 74, 191, 202, 203 Victims’ Rights Directive, 69 Yogyakarta Principles, 65, 66, 86, 195 P Paternalism, 133, 247, 295, 298 People Adam Bodnar, 210, 300 Aleksander Stçpkowski, 144 Andrzej Duda, 146 Anna Grodzka, 138, 145, 146 Bart Staszewski, 164, 200 Bronislaw Komorowski, 146 Donald Tusk, 127, 150 Elzbieta Radziszewska, 143 Ewa Kopacz, 159 Kaja Godek, 172 Katarzyna Kotula, 300 Krystyna Pawtowicz, 138, 239, 240 Krzysztof Smiszek, 200, 300 Lech Kaczytiski, 138 Marek Jçdraszewski, 139 Margot Szutowicz, 5, 283 Pawel Adamowicz, 171 Rafat Krôlikowski, 180, 233 Robert Biedron, 144, 145, 236, 239, 242 Policy diffusion, 97, 98 Polish institutions Commissioner for Human Rights (Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, RPO), 200, 209, 226, 229, 274, 279 Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment, 143, 230 Ministry of Internal Affairs, 271 Ministry of Justice, 141, 149, 209, 210, 225, 227, 230, 233, 238, 277, 281 Prosecutor General’s office, 231, 262, 263, 268, 269 Sejm (lower chamber of the parliament), 138, 142, 145, 146 Supreme Court, 37, 43, 55, 143, 144, 231, 234, 237, 239, 240, 243 Polish law Broadcasting Act, 210, 225 Criminal Code, 45, 129, 148, 149, 151, 164-168, 174, 178, 180, 182, 191, 200, 203-205, 207, 209, 210, 213, 223, 225-227, 229, 231-234, 236, 237, 240-242, 259,
261, 265, 271, 274, 281, 294, 295, 301 proposed amendments, 283 Political parties Civic Platform (PO), 142, 145, 146, 149, 150, 159, 160, 166, 199,227 Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), 144, 145, 149, 150, 166, 167, 227 Law and Justice Party (PiS), 137, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 151, 172, 199 Palikot’s Movement/Your Movement, 144, 149, 227 Polish People’s Party (PSL), 142, 146, 199, 227 |
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| author | Godzisz, Piotr ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1329858107 |
| author_facet | Godzisz, Piotr ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Godzisz, Piotr ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | p g pg |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| classification_tum | POL 000 |
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| dewey-ones | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
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| dewey-search | 320 |
| dewey-sort | 3320 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV049639451 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:39:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:05:56Z |
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| series2 | Global queer politics |
| spelling | Godzisz, Piotr ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1329858107 aut State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context Piotr Godzisz Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2024] © 2024 xix, 316 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Global queer politics Dissertation University College London revised and expanded version Political Science Sexuality Studies Politics and Gender Politics and Human Rights Terrorism and Political Violence Political science Sex Identity politics Human rights Terrorism Political violence Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Hate crime (DE-588)4563128-1 gnd rswk-swf LGBT (DE-588)7705503-2 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g LGBT (DE-588)7705503-2 s Hate crime (DE-588)4563128-1 s Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-031-53801-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034983094&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034983094&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034983094&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034983094&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context Godzisz, Piotr ca. 20./21. Jh Political Science Sexuality Studies Politics and Gender Politics and Human Rights Terrorism and Political Violence Political science Sex Identity politics Human rights Terrorism Political violence Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Hate crime (DE-588)4563128-1 gnd LGBT (DE-588)7705503-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4112701-8 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4563128-1 (DE-588)7705503-2 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context |
| title_auth | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context |
| title_exact_search | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context |
| title_exact_search_txtP | State Responses to Anti-LGBT Violence Poland in a European Context |
| title_full | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context Piotr Godzisz |
| title_fullStr | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context Piotr Godzisz |
| title_full_unstemmed | State responses to anti-LGBT violence Poland in a European context Piotr Godzisz |
| title_short | State responses to anti-LGBT violence |
| title_sort | state responses to anti lgbt violence poland in a european context |
| title_sub | Poland in a European context |
| topic | Political Science Sexuality Studies Politics and Gender Politics and Human Rights Terrorism and Political Violence Political science Sex Identity politics Human rights Terrorism Political violence Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Hate crime (DE-588)4563128-1 gnd LGBT (DE-588)7705503-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political Science Sexuality Studies Politics and Gender Politics and Human Rights Terrorism and Political Violence Political science Sex Identity politics Human rights Terrorism Political violence Bekämpfung Politik Hate crime LGBT Polen Hochschulschrift |
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