Dynamic aquaria: building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; San Diego, CA ; Cambridge, MA
Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier
[2024]
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| Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 512 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780443154188 044315418X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Dynamic aquaria |b building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |c Walter H. Adey, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States |
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Contents About the editor Preface Acknowledgments 1, Introduction The origin of life: Macrocosm Earth Mesocosms of exoplanets? Why life and ecosystems are likely a characteristic of the universe Microcosms and mesocosms of aquatic ecosystems The restoration of damaged ecological systems Summary Taxonomic notes References The intertidal zone Tides and the model ecosystem References xiii XV xix 3. 4 6 8 8 9 10 4. Part 1 Physical environment 2. 14 14 15 1θ 16 16 32 33 36 36 40 41 41 Water composition: Management of salinity, hardness, and evaporation Water structure and characteristics Ocean salinity Hardness of fresh waters Dangers of city tap waters Water and model ecosystems Algal turf scrubbing and water composition Marine microcosms and aquaria Quality of top-up water References The envelope: Physical parameters and energy state Glass Plastics Acrylic Fiberglass-reinforced plastics Reinforced concrete Toxic elements and compounds Plumbing and electrical Temperature Physiological factors Model ecosystems and temperature Water motion Currents in fresh waters Currents in the marine realm Wave action Water motion and model ecosystems Pumps Pumping rates Tides: Simulating the effects of sun and moon Ocean tides Substrate: The active role of rock, mud, and sand The solid Earth and life Chemical relationships: Rocks, seawater, and organisms Rock, substrate, and model ecosystems Sediments and model ecosystems Geological storage Aquatic ecosystem restoration and sedimentation References 4 27 27 29 44 44 47 47 50 50 51 52 52 17 17 19 20 21 21 22 23 25 26 27 5. The input of solar
energy: Lighting requirements Photosynthesis and its origin Solar radiation Light absorption by water plants Light intensity and plants Photorespiration Photoperiod Light and microcosms and mesocosms Light-emitting diodes The Smithsonian microcosms and mesocosms 55 58 60 60 63 64 64 68 68 νίΐ
viii Contents Light and physiological considerations Summary References 6. 71 71 71 73 75 75 76 77 77 80 81 81 Part II Biochemical environment 7. Metabolism: Respiration, photosynthesis, and biological loading Metabolism Respiration Bacterial metabolism Photosynthesis Biological loading References 8. 87 87 90 91 92 94 Organisms and gas exchange: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and alkalinity Oxygen exchange 96 Oxygen, model ecosystems, and ecosystem restoration 98 Carbon dioxide exchange 98 Carbon dioxide and global aquatic restoration 101 Managing carbon dioxide and pH in microcosms and mesocosms 101 Seawater 101 Freshwater 102 Cas exchange and selected model ecosystems 102 References 105 9. The primary nutrients: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica Nutrients in natural waters Eutrophication and hypereutrophication of natural waters 110 114 114 10. Biomineralization and calcification: A key to biosphere and ecosystem function The input of organic energy: Particulates and feeding Particulates, energy supply, and aquatic ecosystems Inorganic particulates Organic particulates Humic substances Particulates and aquatic models Biofilms Particulate import in aquatic models Aquatic ecosystem restoration References Nutrients and model ecosystems Summary References 107 109 The process of biomineralization 116 The carbonate system and the formation of calcite and aragonite 11 7 Halimeda: Photosynthesis-induced calcification 118 Calcification in stony corals 11'» Calcification and coral reefs 1 21 Coral bleaching 121 Calcification in coralline algae 12 1 Ocean acidification and its
consequences 125 Calcification in mesocosms, microcosms, and aquaria 12b Coral reef aquaria and coral calcification 12n Cement as a biomineralization HI References 1 11 11. Control of the biochemical environment: Filters, bacteria, and the algal turf scrubber Sterilization methods Bacteriological filtration Reef systems Denitrification Foam fractionation (protein skimming) Photosynthetic methods The algal turf scrubber Harvesting of algal turf scrubbers The development and potential of 3D ATS Modeling optimum 3D screens References I 14 1 14 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 11b 142 141 14b 14" Part III DNA, the messaging system 12. Testing the veracity of living systems models: Adding DNA to the mix Classical taxonomy and DNA analysis in living systems modeling DNA: A basic understanding of living systems modeling Life cycles, sexual reproduction, and transfer of DNA to offspring I 51 151 1 5b
Contents Precision in matching a microcosm or mesocosm to its analog 158 DNA sequencing: Key asset for precision ecosystem modeling 159 DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing to obtain tree 160 DNA barcoding: Matching model ecosystems to their analogs 161 Metabarcoding 162 The future of DNA tools in microcosms and mesocosms 163 Cene editing 163 References 164 Part IV Biological structure 13. Community structure: Biodiversity in model ecosystems The framework of biodiversity The community The biome Features of communities The magnitude of biodiversity Community structure and ecological models Scaling and reproduction Model diversity Summary References 169 170 170 173 175 176 177 178 179 180 14. Biogeography: The distribution of organisms and ecosystems Continents 181 Rivers 183 Lakes 184 Marine biogeography 186 Coastal marine thermogeography 186 Linking the thermogeographic model and a mesocosm 193 References 195 15. Trophic structure: Ecosystems and the dynamics of food chains Energy capture and flow Foodwebs Food webs in model ecosystems Establishment of food webs 198 199 202 202 Trophic structure in aquaria The organisms References ix 206 207 207 16. Primary producers: Plants that grow on the bottom Benthic algae Algae in model ecosystems Submerged aquatic vegetation Marine submerged aquatic vegetation and model ecosystems Freshwater submerged aquatic vegetation and model ecosystems Emergent aquatic vegetation Emergent aquatic vegetation and model ecosystems Plant communities and the restoration of wild ecosystems References 209 217 2 21 227 230 231 234 238 243
17. Herbivores: Predators of plants Types of herbivores Plant defenses Modifications of marine and freshwater herbivores Parrotfish (Scarids) Tangs (surgeon fishes) Damselfish (pomacentrids) Headstanders (Abramites, Anastomus} Herbivorous crab (Mithrax) Chitons (Polyplacophorans, Amphineura) Sea urchins (echinoderms) Micrograzers Omnivores Herbivores and model ecosystems Ecosystem restoration References 247 249 251 251 252 252 253 253 253 254 254 257 257 258 258 18. Carnivores: Predators of animals The carnivore predator The prey The dynamics of predation Marine and freshwater predators Micropredators A worm predator: The bloodworm A poisonous predator Top invertebrate predators A lower-level fish predator 259 260 261 261 261 262 262 262 264
к Contents A top predator Predators and synthetic ecosystems References The positive feedback loop between photosynthesis and calcification Coralline association with grazers·. Implications for calcification 267 267 270 planktivores: Anthozoans and microcosms, mesocosms. 19. Plankton and Floating plants and animals and their predators Plankton size and composition The bacteria Phytoplankton The planktonic food web Mechanisms of filter feeding Some protozoans Filter-feeding arthropod plankters Sponges Chaetopteris: A mucous bag filter feeder Bivalves: The master filter feeders Fish planktivores 274 274 274 278 280 280 280 283 283 284 284 Plankton, particulates, and mode) Wild ecosystem restoration References 289 289 _ , , , 20. Detritus and detritivores: The dynamics of muddy bottoms The deep ocean Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Meiobenthos —Protozoans Meiofauna—The multicellular invertebrates Macrobenthos Deposit feeding in saltwater soft bottoms Deposit feeding in freshwater soft bottoms Carnivores and the detritivore community 123 125 12 5 ϊ jg 126 12’ $2 2’ Ecological systems in microcosms. mesocosms, and aquaria _ 22. Coral reef ecosystems, aquaria to mesocosms Modeling coral reef ecosystems The reef aquarium hobby The Caribbean coral reef microcosm at the Smithsonian The coral reef microcosm at the Smithsonian Marine Station The Great Barrier Reef mesocosm A 130-gallon reef microcosm Physicochemical parameters Microcosm metabolism Organism calcification Microcosm biodiversity Ecological notes Summary References 299 301 _ 305 308 и; 1 2 tu VI4 Ml mb 348 3"»2 152 35 3 3 5h 362
162 309 23 312 313 314 314 315 21. Symbionts and other feeders Zooxanthellae and their animal hosts Biology and ecology of corals 322 Part V 295 295 ^^^ 296 296 Detritus and its role in model ecosystems Detritus and coral reef microcosms Detritus and cold-water microcosms Detritus and estuarine mesocosms Detritus and the aquarium References andaquana Parasitism Environment, general health, and disease Biodiversity Quarantine (prevention of transmission) Disease treatment in model ecosystems Diseases of fish Diseases of stony corals Coral bleaching References 322 317 319 Subarctic/boreal microcosmApplications of new research rr The rocky, embayed coast of the northwestern Atlantic Geological history Oceanography The rocky coast of Maine A mixed subarctic/boreal biota intertidal ^bt'.d.al. . , The Mame shore mesocosm analog 36’ 36" 367 371 371 379 Ta 383
xi Content- A Maine shore mesocosm Physical layout Environmental parameters Principal chemical factors The organisms Kelp growth In retrospect of veracity References 387 387 387 388 391 392 394 396 Chesapeake Bay in mesocosm 400 The biota of the Chesapeake mesocosm 404 A Florida estuary in mesocosm 412 Communities, biota, and food webs of the Florida Everglades mesocosm 415 Everglades communities 420 Biotic variation of the Everglades Mesocosm over time 423 Mangrove mesocosm of Biosphere 2 427 Nutrient dynamics in estuarine models 427 Estuarine restoration 428 References 428 25. Freshwater ecosystem models 431 436 439 440 442 442 26. Research systems in microcosm and mesocosms Experimental flowthrough seawater microcosms /X study of boreal coralline maerls Field research Microcosm growth study Microcosms for studying an Arctic/Subarctic climate archive Experimental microcosm analysis Scar regrowth 45 i 453 455 455 455 460 Part VI The environment and ecological engineering 24. Estuaries: Ecosystem modeling and restoration where freshwater and saltwater interact A Florida Everglades stream and wetland Community and trophic structure, 1995 Mesocosm success during 8 years of operation A blackwater home aquarium Restoration of freshwater ecosystems References Chiton grazing Mesocosm-assisted microcosm research Enclosures: Variants of many scales Small benthic enclosures Large pelagic enclosures References 446 446 447 447 448 449 452 27. Global water quality and its assessment Toxic chemical pollution Superfund sites Industrial and medical products Heavy metals Poly- and
perfluoroalkyl substances and pharmaceutical and personal care products Pesticides Solvents and fossil fuels Plastics Eutrophication (excessnutrients) Acid rain The oceans Mesocosms in ecological risk assessment References 463 464 465 465 467 467 469 469 470 471 471 473 475 Part VII Summary 28. Solving the problems of water and atmospheric pollution through ecosystem modeling Solving the problems A pharmaceutical industry case Heavy metals in industrial wastewater Nutrient removal from municipal wastewaters Tertiary treatment with ATS using solar energy to recover nutrients Ammonium removal Phosphorus removal Algal biomass 480 480 484 485 486 489 490 490
xii Contents Agricultural wastewater (nonpoint source) Aquacultural wastewaters Large-scale aquaculture Bioenergy and solar energy recovery using ATS systems Nutrient removal from rivers: A solution to global environmental problems References 490 494 496 498 Index ~»oo 502 505 |
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| spelling | Adey, Walter H. Verfasser aut Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere Walter H. Adey, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States Fourth edition London ; San Diego, CA ; Cambridge, MA Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier [2024] xix, 512 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aquarium (DE-588)4002518-4 gnd rswk-swf Aquarium (DE-588)4002518-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034982855&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Adey, Walter H. Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere Aquarium (DE-588)4002518-4 gnd |
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| title | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| title_auth | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| title_exact_search | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| title_full | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere Walter H. Adey, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere Walter H. Adey, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere Walter H. Adey, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States |
| title_short | Dynamic aquaria |
| title_sort | dynamic aquaria building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| title_sub | building and restoring ecosystems and the biosphere |
| topic | Aquarium (DE-588)4002518-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aquarium |
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