Research methods in psychology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Harlow ; London ; New York
Pearson
2024
|
| Ausgabe: | Seventh Edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Contents; Guided tour; Introduction; Acknowledgements; Plan of the book; Part 1 Basics of research ; Role of research in psychology; Aims and hypotheses in research; Variables, concepts and measures; Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research; Research reports; Improving a quantitative write-up; Literature search; Ethics and data management in research; Part 2 Quantitative research methods ; Basic laboratory experiments; Advanced experimental designs; Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics; Cross-sectional or correlational research; Longitudinal studies; Small-N and single-case experimental designs; Surveys, samples and populations; Progress in Data analysis; Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement ; Psychological tests; Reliability and validity; Coding data; Part 4 Qualitative research methods ; Why qualitative research?; Qualitative data collection; Transcribing language data; Thematic analysis; Grounded theory; Discourse analysis; Conversation analysis; Interpretative phenomenological analysis; Evaluating qualitative research; Improving a qualitative write-up; Part 5 Final considerations for research projects; ; Online Internet mediated research; Developing ideas for research; Managing your research project; Glossary; References; Index Lteraturverzeichnis: S. 567-588 |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 612 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781292461595 |
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| 500 | |a Contents; Guided tour; Introduction; Acknowledgements; Plan of the book; Part 1 Basics of research ; Role of research in psychology; Aims and hypotheses in research; Variables, concepts and measures; Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research; Research reports; Improving a quantitative write-up; Literature search; Ethics and data management in research; Part 2 Quantitative research methods ; Basic laboratory experiments; Advanced experimental designs; Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics; Cross-sectional or correlational research; Longitudinal studies; Small-N and single-case experimental designs; Surveys, samples and populations; Progress in Data analysis; Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement ; Psychological tests; Reliability and validity; Coding data; Part 4 Qualitative research methods ; Why qualitative research?; Qualitative data collection; Transcribing language data; Thematic analysis; Grounded theory; Discourse analysis; Conversation analysis; Interpretative phenomenological analysis; Evaluating qualitative research; Improving a qualitative write-up; Part 5 Final considerations for research projects; ; Online Internet mediated research; Developing ideas for research; Managing your research project; Glossary; References; Index | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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r~ I §1г1© г ©ёХлЩ | nii is. Contents Guided tour Introduction Part 1 1 2 з 4 5 6 7 8 Basics of research Role of research in psychology Aims and hypotheses in research Variables, concepts and measures Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size Research reports: The total picture Improving your quantitative write-up Literature search Ethics and data management in research Part 2 Quantitative research methods 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Part 3 17 18 19 Basic laboratory experiments Advanced experimental designs Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies Longitudinal studies Small-N and single-case experimental designs Surveys, samples and populations Better data analysis Fundamentals of testing and measurement Psychological tests: Their use and construction Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures Coding data Part 4 Qualitative research methods 20 21 Why qualitative research? Qualitative data collection vii xviii XX 1 3 26 43 60 82 111 131 157 177 179 206 222 231 252 265 278 296 315 317 336 351 363 381
vl BRIEF CONTENTS 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Transcribing language data: Jefferson system Thematic analysis Grounded theory Discourse analysis Conversation analysis Interpretative phenomenological analysis Evaluating qualitative research Improving a qualitative write-up Online Internet mediated research Part 5 Final considerations for research projects 31 32 395 405 421 440 453 466 483 494 511 533 Developing ideas for research Managing your research project 535 551 Glossary References Index Acknowledgements 560 567 589 607
Part 1 1 Cuided tour xviii Introduction XX Basics of research . . . .—ifj/ Role of research in psychology 3 Overview 3 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Importance of reading 5 1.3 Evaluating the evidence 6 1.4 Inferring causality 7 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality 11 1.6 Practice 21 1.7 Conclusion 24 Activities 24 Aims and hypotheses in research 26 Overview 26 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Types of study 28 2.3 Aims of research 30 2.4 Research hypotheses 31 2.5 Four types of hypothesis 32 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses 36 2.7 Conclusion 41 Activities 42 Variables, concepts and measures 43 2 3 3.1 Overview 43 Introduction 44
VÎH Г CONTENTS 44 Ί 3.2 History of the variable in psychology 3.3 Types of variable 46 3.4 Independent and dependent variables 46 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables 48 3.6 Stevens’ theory of scales of measurement 51 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables 55 3.8 Conclusion 58 Activities 59 Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size 60 Overview 60 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Universalism 63 4.3 Sampling and generalisation 63 4.4 Statistics and generalisation 68 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again 70 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association 72 4.7 Sample size and size of association 75 4.8 Conclusion 81 Activities 81 Research reports: The total picture 82 Overview 82 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing 84 5.3 Sections of the research report in detail 90 5.4 Conclusion 107 Activities 110 4 5 6 Improving your quantitative write-up Overview 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Poorly written quantitative report 6.3 Analysis of the report 6.4 Improved version of the report 6.5 Conclusion Activities 111 111 112 113 117 1 24 129 130
CONTENTS 7 ix Literature search 131 Overview 131 7.1 Introduction 132 7.2 Library classification systems 138 7.3 Electronic databases 141 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library 150 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software 153 7.6 8 Conclusion 155 Activities 156 Ethics and data management in research 157 Overview 157 8.1 Introduction 158 8.2 Ethics: general principles 160 8.3 Research ethics 160 8.4 Ethics and publication 167 8.5 Howto obtain a participant’s consent 169 8.6 Data management 170 8.7 Conclusion 173 Activities 174 Part 2 Quantitative research methods 177 ^ζχςςς^ςςξτ— 9 Basic laboratory experiments 179 Overview 179 9.1 Introduction 180 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment 182 9.3 More advanced between-subjects designs 190 9.4 Within-subjects designs 196 9.5 Conclusion 204 Activity 205 Advanced experimental designs 206 Overview 206 10.1 Introduction 207 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable 208 10.3 Multiple dependent variables 212 10
X CONTENTS 10.4 Factorial designs 213 10.5 Conclusion 220 Activities 221 Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics 222 11 Overview 222 11.1 Introduction 223 11.2 Placebo and nocebo effects 223 11.3 Experimenter effects 224 11.4 Experimenter expectancy effect 225 11.5 What are demand characteristics? 226 11.6 Conclusion 230 Activity 230 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies 231 Overview 231 12.1 Introduction 232 12.2 Cross-sectional designs 233 12.3 The case for non-manipulation studies 235 12.4 Measures of reliability 237 12.5 Restricted variation of scores 239 12.6 Third-variable issue 241 12.7 Different types of third variable 242 12.8 Analysis of non-experimental designs 245 12.9 Conclusion 251 Activities 251 12 13 Longitudinal studies 252 Overview 252 13.1 Introduction 253 13.2 Retrospective and historical data 255 13.3 Cross-sequential or repeated cross-sectional designs 256 13.4 Panel designs 258 13.5 Intensive longitudinal designs 261 13.6 14 14.1 Conclusion 264 Activities 264 Small-N and single-case experimental designs 265 Overview 265 Introduction 266
xi CONTENTS 14.2 Single-Л/ designs 267 14.3 Analysing small-Л/ designs 275 14.4 Conclusion 277 Activity 277 Surveys, samples and populations 278 Overview 278 15.1 Introduction 279 279 15 15.2 Types of probability sampling 15.3 Non-probability sampling 282 15.4 National surveys 285 15.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples 287 15.6 Sample size and population surveys 289 15.7 Conclusion 295 Activities 295 Better data analysis 296 Overview 296 16.1 Introduction 297 16.2 Confidence intervals 299 16.3 Effect sizes 302 16.4 Power 303 16 16.5 Replication 307 16.6 Questionable research practices and truth inflation 309 16.7 Conclusion 311 Activities 314 Г Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement 315] Psychological tests: Their use and construction 317 Overview 317 17.1 Introduction 318 17.2 Concept of a scale 319 17.3 Scale construction 321 17.4 Item analysis or factor analysis? 330 17.5 Other considerations in test construction 332 17 17.6 Conclusion 335 Activities 335
xil CONTENTS Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures 336 Overview 336 18.1 Introduction 337 18.2 Reliability of measures 338 18.3 Validity 342 18.4 Types of validity 342 18.5 Conclusion 350 Activity 350 Coding data 351 Overview 351 19.1 Introduction 352 19.2 Types of coding 353 19.3 Reliability and validity when coding 357 19.4 Qualitative coding 359 19.5 Conclusion 362 Activities 362 18 19 (Part 4 ·. Qualitative research methods . ■„,, 363 J . . Why qualitative research? 365 Overview 365 20.1 Introduction 366 20.2 What is qualitative research? 367 20.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology 370 20.4 Quantification-qualitative methods continuum 373 20.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods 377 20.6 Conclusion 380 Activity 380 Qualitative data collection 381 Overview 381 21.1 Introduction 382 21.2 Major qualitative data collection approaches 383 21.3 Conclusion 394 Activities 394 20 21
xlil CONTENTS 22 Transcribing language data: Jefferson system 395 Overview 395 22.1 Introduction 396 22.2 Jefferson transcription 397 22.3 Advice for transcribers 402 22.4 23 Conclusion 404 Activities 404 Thematicanalysis 405 Overview 405 23.1 Introduction 406 23.2 What is thematic analysis? 407 23.3 Basic approach to thematic analysis 409 23.4 A more sophisticated version of thematic analysis 412 23.5 Conclusion 419 Activity 420 Grounded theory 421 Overview 421 24 24.1 Introduction 422 24.2 Development of grounded theory 424 24.3 Data in grounded theory 426 24.4 Computer grounded theory analysis 433 24.5 Evaluation of grounded theory 435 24.6 Conclusion 438 Activity 439 Discourse analysis 440 Overview 440 25.1 Introduction 441 25.2 Basic constructionist discourse analysis theory 444 25.3 Agenda of discourse analysis 446 25.4 Doing discourse analysis 447 25.5 Conclusion 451 Activities 452 Conversation analysis 453 Overview 453 Introduction 454 25 26 26.1
xlv CONTENTS 26.2 Some precepts of conversation analysis 458 26.3 Stages in conversation analysis 459 26.4 Conclusion 464 Activities 465 Interpretative phenomenological analysis 466 Overview 466 27.1 Introduction 467 27.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis 468 27.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis 475 27.4 Conclusion 481 Activities 482 Evaluating qualitative research 483 Overview 483 28.1 Introduction 484 28.2 Criteria for novices 484 28.3 Evaluating qualitative research 486 28.4 Validity 489 27 28 28.5 29 Conclusion 493 Activities 493 Improving a qualitative write-up 494 Overview 494 29.1 Introduction 495 29.2 Poorly written qualitative report 500 29.3 Critical evaluation 506 Activities 510 Online Internet mediated research 511 30 Overview 511 30.1 Introduction 512 30.2 Important psychological internet-based tools 514 30.3 Online surveys and survey websites 514 30.4 Concerns about Internet surveys 516 30.5 Mixing online and offline methods 521 30.6 Online focus groups 522 30.7 Online experiments 523 30.8 Internet as a source of archived data 524 Big Data 524
CONTENTS XV 30.10 Managing Internet data 529 30.11 Conclusion: Pros and cons of Internet mediated research 530 Activities 531 Part 5 7 Final considerations for research projects \ 533 Developing ideas for research 535 Overview 535 31.1 Introduction 536 31.2 Why not a replication study? 538 31.3 Choosing a research topic 540 31.4 Sources of research ideas 542 31 Conclusion 549 Activity 550 Managing your research project 551 Overview 551 32.1 Introduction 552 32.2 Advice to consider 552 32.3 Conclusion 559 Activity 559 Glossary 560 References 567 Index 589 Acknowledgements 607 31.5 32 -------------- |
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| spelling | Howitt, Dennis 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)172144787 aut Research methods in psychology Dennis Howitt (Loughborough University), Duncan Cramer (Loughborough University) Seventh Edition Harlow ; London ; New York Pearson 2024 xxi, 612 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Contents; Guided tour; Introduction; Acknowledgements; Plan of the book; Part 1 Basics of research ; Role of research in psychology; Aims and hypotheses in research; Variables, concepts and measures; Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research; Research reports; Improving a quantitative write-up; Literature search; Ethics and data management in research; Part 2 Quantitative research methods ; Basic laboratory experiments; Advanced experimental designs; Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics; Cross-sectional or correlational research; Longitudinal studies; Small-N and single-case experimental designs; Surveys, samples and populations; Progress in Data analysis; Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement ; Psychological tests; Reliability and validity; Coding data; Part 4 Qualitative research methods ; Why qualitative research?; Qualitative data collection; Transcribing language data; Thematic analysis; Grounded theory; Discourse analysis; Conversation analysis; Interpretative phenomenological analysis; Evaluating qualitative research; Improving a qualitative write-up; Part 5 Final considerations for research projects; ; Online Internet mediated research; Developing ideas for research; Managing your research project; Glossary; References; Index Lteraturverzeichnis: S. 567-588 Psychology - Research - Methodology Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 s DE-604 Cramer, Duncan 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)141387270 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-2927-2979-4 Vorangegangen ist 978-1-292-27670-0 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034929244&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Howitt, Dennis 1945- Cramer, Duncan 1948- Research methods in psychology Psychology - Research - Methodology Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4047704-6 (DE-588)4155046-8 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Research methods in psychology |
| title_auth | Research methods in psychology |
| title_exact_search | Research methods in psychology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Research Methods in Psychology |
| title_full | Research methods in psychology Dennis Howitt (Loughborough University), Duncan Cramer (Loughborough University) |
| title_fullStr | Research methods in psychology Dennis Howitt (Loughborough University), Duncan Cramer (Loughborough University) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research methods in psychology Dennis Howitt (Loughborough University), Duncan Cramer (Loughborough University) |
| title_short | Research methods in psychology |
| title_sort | research methods in psychology |
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