Effective houses: property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway
"This book examines property rights, settlement structure and social organization in Norway’s Østlandet in the Iron age (500 BC–AD 1050). Inspired by ethnographical and anthropological studies, a model of a stateless, agrarian and hierarchical society with socially based rights to land is prese...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oslo
Cappelen Damm Akademisk
[2023]
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | "This book examines property rights, settlement structure and social organization in Norway’s Østlandet in the Iron age (500 BC–AD 1050). Inspired by ethnographical and anthropological studies, a model of a stateless, agrarian and hierarchical society with socially based rights to land is presented. In this model, where there are no territorially embedded rights, society is better represented as a heterarchy or anarchy than as a hierarchy. Power in society was shared between the honoured warrior, the powerless leader and perhaps also the productive farmer. This model differs from that presented by standard Norwegian research, where the retrogressive method is combined with a belief in the stability and continuity of the farm. A critical study of Norwegian research history is therefore an essential part of this book. This study has also been able to make use of new and extensive settlement evidence gained from machine-stripping of topsoil from large areas in the past thirty years; this has shed new light on the issues discussed in the book related to building practices and the settlement pattern." |
| Physical Description: | 197 Seiten Illustrationen, Tabellen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9788202801120 |
Staff View
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| 520 | 3 | |a "This book examines property rights, settlement structure and social organization in Norway’s Østlandet in the Iron age (500 BC–AD 1050). Inspired by ethnographical and anthropological studies, a model of a stateless, agrarian and hierarchical society with socially based rights to land is presented. In this model, where there are no territorially embedded rights, society is better represented as a heterarchy or anarchy than as a hierarchy. Power in society was shared between the honoured warrior, the powerless leader and perhaps also the productive farmer. This model differs from that presented by standard Norwegian research, where the retrogressive method is combined with a belief in the stability and continuity of the farm. A critical study of Norwegian research history is therefore an essential part of this book. This study has also been able to make use of new and extensive settlement evidence gained from machine-stripping of topsoil from large areas in the past thirty years; this has shed new light on the issues discussed in the book related to building practices and the settlement pattern." | |
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Record in the Search Index
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CONTENTS FOREWORD. 8 1 INTRODUCTION. 9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 An introduction to the evidence and to building terminology. 10 Range in time and space. 12 The background to the study: Hordalsâsen. 12 The theoretical framework and foundations. 15 1.4.1 Property and social praxis. 16 1.4.2 Buildings as technology. 12 1.4.3 The‘farm’. I8 1.4.4 The past as a foreign place — drawing upon analogies. 19 1.4.5 The farmstead as a site — with and without a history.20 2 THE GATHERING OF DATA: BUILDINGS EXCAVATED IN
OSTLANDET. 23 The absence of an overview. 23 The First Golden Age: building ruins. 24 Norwegian settlement-site research in the pause position. 25 The Second Golden Age? Open-area stripping by machine.27 2.4.1 Iron-age settlement in Ostlandet. 28 2.5 Summary: from one Golden Age to another?. 29 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 THE CRITICAL HISTORY OF A CONCEPT: A BREAK WITH CONTINUITY SCHOLARSHIP. 31 3.1 Continuity and retrospection — from 1814 to the present.32 3.1.1 The 1814 generation and the Norwegian School of History. 32 3.1.2 The distinctness of the Norwegian people. 33 3.1.3 The retrogressive method and the Institute for Comparative Cultural Research. 33 3.1.4 Andreas Martin Hansen — race and settlement
pattern. 35 3.1.5 After Brugger. 37 3.2 The critique of the retrogressive methodand the continuity mindset. 37 3.3 Alternative voices. 39 3.4 Farm research initiatives. 40 3.5 The historical national research framework. 41 3.5.1 The rational farm or the ethnographic pitfall.41 3.6 The cadastral farm — unit of documentation or unit of analysis?. 42 3.6.1 The farm-names. 42 3.7 Settlement research around the Oslofjord. 43 3.8 Summary. 44 4 THE CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL.47 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Building
technique as a critical factor for evidence. 48 The identification of buildings: calling to account the claims of the ideal. 48 The element of source-evaluation during excavations. 49 Radiocarbon dating and periodization. 49 An identification score.51 Post-depositional factors — agricultural activities and redevelopment.51 Administration and management.53 An overall evaluation of the representativity of the archaeologicalevidence. 53
6 EFFECTIVE HOUSES 5 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH. 57 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 The collection and preparation of the data. 57 The quantitative method. 58 The qualitative method. 58 The variables and the terminology. 58 5.4.1 The buildings. 58 5.4.2 The organization of the settlements. 60 5.4.3 The settlements and sites. 60 5.4.4 Selection. 60 6 IRON-AGE BUILDING PRACTICE IN OSTLANDET. 63 6.1 Introduction to the distribution of the material in time and space.63 6.2 Regional and local building
practices. 64 6.2.1 Southern and mid-Scandinavian entrance-typesin 0stlandet. 64 6.2.2 The alignment of the three-aisled buildings. 69 6.2.3 Other regional features of the three-aisled building. 72 6.2.4 Two-aisled buildings. 74 6.2.5 Four-post structures. 76 6.2.6 Regions and landscapes. 76 6.3 Changes over time.80 6.3.1 The three-aisled buildings. 82 6.3.2 The ‘other’ buildings. 84 6.4 Building practice at regional and local levels in Ostlandet. 86 7 THE IRON-AGE SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN 0STLANDET. 89 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 The reasons for variance in
building practice. 89 7.1.1 The alignment of the buildings — climatic adaptation?. 89 7.1.2 Entrances and length — economic adaptation or cultural option?. 93 7.1.3 Social status and building practice. 93 7.1.4 Adaptation or cultural choice?. 96 The farmsteads as sites — the history of the settlement sites in a long-term perspective. 96 7.2.1 The random farmstead and the marked farmstead. 96 7.2.2 The unknown farmstead. 97 7.2.3 In depth: sites with long continuity. 97 Spot-continuity — buildings which overlie or underlie other buildings and graves. 104 7.3.1 Parallel successive buildings. 105 7.3.2 Successive buildings at right angles. 107 7.3.3 Successive buildings at a chevron
angle.108 7.3.4 Buildings that are nearly touching. 108 7.3.5 Buildings beneath and above graves. 109 7.3.6 Spot-continuity — a summary. 113 Some reflections on the organization of the farmsteads. 114 The settlement pattern in 0stlandet: three types of farmstead and regional patterns.115 8 FOREIGN FARMING LANDSCAPES. 117 8.1 People and land — a complex relationship. 117 8.2 Ôdal and burial mounds: a critical look at territorially defined land rights. 118 8.3 Socially rooted rights to land. 124 8.4 Hierarchical societies without land-ownership?. 129 8.4.1 A rooted agricultural economy. 129 8.4.2 Stateless
societies. 130 8.4.3 Chieftains without power, honour-laden warriors and dirty farmworkers. 132 8.5 A provisional model of a society with no propertyboundaries. 136
CONTENTS 9 PROPERTY BOUNDARIES IN OSTLANDET. 139 9.1 The random farmstead and individualized commununity. 140 9.2 The marked farmstead and competition for land. 141 9.3 The transition from the marked farmstead to the unknown farmstead: catastrophe or social change?. 143 9.3.1 Major changes. 144 9.3.2 The Black Death as an analogy. 145 9.3.3 New technology and the re-organization of agriculture?. 147 9.3.4 Conclusion: a complex situation. 149 9.4 The unknown farmstead: property boundaries are established and consolidated. 149 9.4.1 New cemeteries and old. 150 9.4.2 The property boundaries are imposed. 151 9.4.3 Conclusion: the growth of property
boundaries. 154 9.5 The three-aisled building becomes superfluous.155 9.5.1 Three-aisled buildings as efficient technology. 155 9.5.2 A pre-Christian model of society, under Christian influence. 156 9.6 Property boundaries in the Iron Age — a summary. 157 10 CONCLUSION AND CONSEQUENCES: THE PROPERTY BOUNDARIES OF 0STLANDET IN CONTEXT. 161 10.1 Ostlandet and its surroundings. 161 10.2 Consequences and the way ahead. 162 LITTERATURLISTE. 165 APPENDIX: See Effektive bus. Basetning, jord og rettigheterpâ Qstlandet ijernalder. Bind II αν II at www.duo.uio.no 7 |
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| era | Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1050 gnd |
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| publisher | Cappelen Damm Akademisk |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gjerpe, Lars Erik 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1311845984 aut Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway Lars Erik Gjerpe Oslo Cappelen Damm Akademisk [2023] 197 Seiten Illustrationen, Tabellen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "This book examines property rights, settlement structure and social organization in Norway’s Østlandet in the Iron age (500 BC–AD 1050). Inspired by ethnographical and anthropological studies, a model of a stateless, agrarian and hierarchical society with socially based rights to land is presented. In this model, where there are no territorially embedded rights, society is better represented as a heterarchy or anarchy than as a hierarchy. Power in society was shared between the honoured warrior, the powerless leader and perhaps also the productive farmer. This model differs from that presented by standard Norwegian research, where the retrogressive method is combined with a belief in the stability and continuity of the farm. A critical study of Norwegian research history is therefore an essential part of this book. This study has also been able to make use of new and extensive settlement evidence gained from machine-stripping of topsoil from large areas in the past thirty years; this has shed new light on the issues discussed in the book related to building practices and the settlement pattern." Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1050 gnd rswk-swf Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd rswk-swf Vor- und Frühgeschichte (DE-588)4078951-2 gnd rswk-swf Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd rswk-swf Norwegen Ost (DE-588)4115414-9 gnd rswk-swf Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd rswk-swf Norwegen Ost (DE-588)4115414-9 g Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 s Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 s Vor- und Frühgeschichte (DE-588)4078951-2 s Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1050 z DE-604 Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 g Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s Kulturhistorisk museum (DE-588)10108946-6 isb Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-82-02-80113-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034920353&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gjerpe, Lars Erik 1970- Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd Vor- und Frühgeschichte (DE-588)4078951-2 gnd Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4181216-5 (DE-588)4078951-2 (DE-588)4014102-0 (DE-588)4115414-9 (DE-588)4042640-3 |
| title | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway |
| title_auth | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway |
| title_exact_search | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway |
| title_full | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway Lars Erik Gjerpe |
| title_fullStr | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway Lars Erik Gjerpe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effective houses property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway Lars Erik Gjerpe |
| title_short | Effective houses |
| title_sort | effective houses property rights and settlement in iron age eastern norway |
| title_sub | property rights and settlement in Iron-age Eastern Norway |
| topic | Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd Vor- und Frühgeschichte (DE-588)4078951-2 gnd Eisenzeit (DE-588)4014102-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archäologie Siedlungsarchäologie Vor- und Frühgeschichte Eisenzeit Norwegen Ost Norwegen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034920353&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gjerpelarserik effectivehousespropertyrightsandsettlementinironageeasternnorway AT kulturhistoriskmuseum effectivehousespropertyrightsandsettlementinironageeasternnorway |