Power and the people: the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North
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| Beschreibung: | xix, 375 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 5 References 2 3 Reindeer Husbandry Statistics Towards a Model ofAnalysis Selective De-centralization Raion and Regional Statistics The Stock-Taking Committee (STC) References Actors and Tensions in the Reindeer Husbandry Part of Murmansk Region ‘Urban ’ Reindeer Husbandry Military vs. Herders Tensions Salmon Angling and Hunting Camps Tensions in Relation to Industrial Projects Contraction of the Reindeer Husbandry Territory The SVO and the Sami Split References 9 10 13 18 34 47 51 54 62 73 136 161 166 170 xiii
XIV 4 CONTENTS ‘Urban’ (‘Commuting’) Reindeer Husbandry in Murmansk Region The ‘Indivisible Fund’ Agricultural Enterprises ‘Urban Herding’ The Aesthetic of Sovkhoism References 183 199 201 264 290 297 Summing Up and Conclusions 307 Epilogue: War and Lithium 313 References 317 Index 339
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Index1 Administration Head of Raion Administration, 21, 215 Lovozero Raion Administration, 11, 15, 16, 19,32,88,154,155, 169, 197 Pechenga Raion Administration, 16, 40,41 of Village Settlement Lovozero, 27, 27nl7, 81, 116-118,154, 155, 210 (see also Village Settlement, SePskoe poselenie') Working Settlement Revda Administration, 27, 270, 271 Administrative administrative-cum-business mix, 78 attention (of Raikom), 195, 275,278 ‘gaze,’ 36, 210 control, 81, 82, 116, 190 documents (regional), 17 jargon, 203 leadership, 19, 21, 123 office, 17, 18, 34, 35, 84, 113,209, 221, 271, 274 (see also Kontora) situation (Pechenga Raion), 9 Soviet administrative attention, 194,195 weekly, 11,21, 24, 26, 27, 32, 168, 210, 292 (see also Lovozerskaia Pravda (weekly of Lovozero Raion Administration, LP)) Administratively ‘liquidated’ tundra villages, 138,270 regulated (zones), 213 Afanas’ieva, Anna (on administrative liquidation of Sami villages), 57, 222,270 'Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 Y. Konstantinov, Power and the People, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38306-9 339
340 INDEX Afanas’ieva, Nina (on ‘Sami AKS (Kola Sami Association), 159, victimization’), 70 167, 231 Affiliated Akty о pogolov’ia, 36 members (of brigades), 266 {see also Alkhimchikov (Deputy and Head of Emeritus members (of brigades, the Forestry and Hunting honorary members); Honorary Department), 75, 78 members (of brigades)) All-purpose track vehicle periphery (of brigades), 263 {vezdekhod}, 39 Afghan War, 237 ‘Amadea’ (mega-yacht, Kerimov), Sami heroes of Afghan War, 237 150,150n66 Agglomeration Analysis/analyses beginning of agglomeration, categorial analysis, 188 221,270 of game-resource distribution, 232 drive, 138 model of analysis, 10-13, 20, 51 of kolkhozi into sovkhozi, 37, of production, 16 270, 273 Anderson, David (on the state farm as and liquidation of tundra villages, a ‘total social institution’), 54, 56,59,138n52, 221,270 184, 274 Agricultural Andreeva, Ekaterina (on wild-reindeer land-use {zemlia bans), 132 sel’skokhoziaistennogo Andreeva, Oksana, 23, 212 naznacheniia), 81, 89-91, on ‘Arctic Hectare,’ 22,165, 210, 91n30, 99,116,117,129, 211,213, 213nl7,216,218, 144,148, 164, 201,211,225 259,310 organizations {sel’khozorganizatsiî), on ‘lighter’ Arctic Hectare 11,32,202,205 procedure, 212 reforms, 51, 270 on Putin-Chibis meeting (June territory of agricultural land-use, 80 2022), 23 Agriculture on Regional social programs, 23, 24 and fishing, 26, 27 Angler of Murmansk Region, 51, 201, 239 average non-KMNS angler, 248 in national economy, 3, 27 city anglers, 259, 260, 262 of the Russian Federation, 250 protests against fishing privileges for KMNS, 254 in
the Soviet bureaucratic recreational angler, 260 nomenclature, 51 sub-category of‘agriculture,’ 26, 27 from Revda, 256 Angling ‘Agro-centre,’ 279 Agroprom (list of businesses), 118 exclusive angling camps, 73, 82, Akhkhtan1 (‘Together,’ obshchina), 103,111,113,310 240,240n30 salmon-angling, 77, 79, 82, 103, AKRA (Group for Assessing Risks for 111, 113, 211 {see also Salmon Sustainable Development), angling and hunting camps) 150,151 wild-salmon angling, 52
INDEX 341 wild-salmon angling camp (on В Ponoi), 73 Bakhtin, Mikhail (on carnival and AO ‘Tsentral’no-kol’skaia ekspeditsiya’ people’s culture in Rablais), 4 (mineral exploration Balashov and Rudoi (on villager’s company), 144 farms), 203 Apitsyn (Leader of Brigade No 4, Ban (on hunting) ‘Tundra,’ on too few herders in 1st ban (wild reindeer and moose), brigades), 275 92,93, 104,105, 133 Apocalypse, 286 2nd ban (wild reindeer and post-sovkhoist apocalypse, 286 moose), 94 Appatit’ (Mining-Processing Complex 3rd ban (wild reindeer and ОАО Appatitïn Kirovskmoose), 93, 94 Appatiti), 75-78 hunting ban, 94 Appatiti (town), 75 on wild reindeer and moose Archaeology, 68 hunting, 95 Fatherland War archaeology, 68 on wild reindeer hunting, 92, 95, ‘Arctic Hectare’ (Gektar Arktiki) 110, 134 federal initiative ‘Arctic ‘Barents euphoria’ (Honneland), Hectare,’ 211 63, 70, 142 ‘lightening’ of‘Arctic Hectare’ Barents Sea procedure, 212 herd fragments along Barents Sea only on proximal to settlements Coast, 58 territories, 213 initiative for building huts along Arkhangel’sk Barents passengers from Murmansk to Sea Coast (V.F. Syrota), 58 Arkhangel’sk, 64 mixing of herds along the Barents rehauling Klavdiia Elanskaia in Sea Coast, 275 Arkhangel’sk, 64 ‘Baron’ (‘herders’ dubbing of ‘Arrow’ (in wild reindeer, strelka}, 121 Reizvikh), 103 Association ‘Barrick Gold’ (precious metals of the indigenous Sami People, 185 mining-processing company) (see also AKS (Kola Sami and AO Fedorovo Resources, 152, Association)) 153,155 Kola Sami (Saami) Association, 159, Barrick Gold/Rostekh platinoid project,
143,146 167, 231 (see also AKS (Kola Sami Association)) getting a license, 146, 149,150 Lujawri (Lovozero) Local Branch of monitoring of ‘Barrick Gold’ the Kola Sami Association, 145 activities, 147 of the Izhma-Komi ‘Iz’vatas,’ 143 protestbarrick.net portal, 147 Auction (of 16 January 2019 for pulling out (May 2020), 151 Barter Hunting Lot No 7), 84, 98,100 with the military, 62, 128 Auto censure, 285 with poachers, 128
342 INDEX Base (baza), 110, 211 Basharin (old-timer, Gremikha, on food in Gremikha), 66 Beach, Hugh, viii, 5, 46, 143,144, 193,281 on ear-marking, Sweden, 281 on field-research with Brigade 3 in 1992,5,193 interviews with Birger Wallström (of Norfrys), 46 Belgorod (city), 84, 87 Belgorod (region), 14, 86 Belgorod Experimental Plant for Fish-Concentrate Feeds (Belgorodskii eksperimental’nii zavod rybnykh kombikormov, BEZRK), 84n22 Belgrankorm (Agricultural Holding Company), 86, 87, 96, 117, 118 Belomorskii Rybak' (‘White Sea Fisherman,’ kolkhoz), 103 Berezhkov (former RAIPON official, émigré indigenous activist), 168 Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel (on ‘need-andmisery’ discourse), 70,119 Beria, Lavrentii, 137, 160 curatorship of trans-peninsular railway project, 137 Karnasurt mining-processing site, 137 Bespredel (lawlessness), 132 ‘Bezhit sovkhoznaia vazhenka’ (‘a sovkhoz female reindeer is running’), 44 BEZRK Affair, 23, 84, 85, 87, 91, 98, 99, 107,113,121, 123,128,133, 135,142,163 Hunting Club, 23, 60, 67, 84-86, 88, 94,106,149, 253, 289 (see also Okhotnichyi Klub BEZRK) Hunting Venture, 84 Non-Profit Partnership, 85, 86, 88 Big Earth, 272n47 See also Mainland (bol’shaia zemlia) Bike, 57, 257, 307 four-wheel bike (kvadrotsikli), 57, 257, 307 Binary ‘collective vs. private,’ 187, 192 ‘truly private’ vs. personal/private binary, 187,192, 201 Biodiversity instrumental role of biodiversity, 54 as a ‘Western concern,’ 112 Birthday anniversary (of reindeer herders, iubilei), 189 Blat (informal deals) difference between blat and sovkhoism, 261 for getting sovkhoz supplies, 261 through
informal channels ( ‘po blatu’), 208 Bogdanov, Nikolai (reindeer husbandry authority, Regional Government, on ‘paper reindeer’), 42,124, 288 Boliden AB (mining-processing company), 144 Bolivia (import of lithium ore from), 157, 157n68 Bol’shezemelskaia Tundra (NAO reindeer husbandry area), 231 ‘Bolting down of hatches,’ 62 Brand (hrend) Sami traditional brand, 254 tourist brand, 221 Brigade (brigada) base camps ( brigadnye bazy), 262 Brigade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), 38,62, 71,72,129, 140, 141n54,145,157,158, 160, 183nl, 197, 221,275,281, 313,314
INDEX herd, 141,276, 281 herd keeping to the brigade territory ( ‘derzhat’ teritoriiи^, 275 leader, 19,45,193, 201nl 1, 221, 275, 276, 283 extended brigade composition, 262 Brylev, Nikolai (former Head of Lovozero Raion, on BZRK affair), 100,255 Budget ‘for citizens’ (Biudzhet dlia grazhdan), 26 ‘light’ budget, 26, 27 of Lovozero Raion, 19, 27 subsidized budget, 209, 245, 246 (see also ‘Subsidy budget’ (dotatsionnyi biudzhety) Bulletin ‘indexes’ in bulletins, 19, 26, 32 of Lovozero Raion Statistical Office, 11 Regional bulletins, 31, 32, 36,185 statistical bulletins, 11, 19, 32, 61, 185,198,206 STC bulletins, 37 of 12 April, 2019,100 ‘Buran’ (snowmobile), 46 Bureaucratic obfuscation, 10, 11, 31, 194,199 Bushveld (Southern Africa, lithium or deposits), 152 Calf-pelt harvesting (malichnii zaboi), 60 Camp (‘lager,’ lageria} cook (chumrabotnitsiy 273 Corrective Labour Camp, 136 Corrective Labour Camp No 509 (Ispravitel’no-trudovoi lager’ 509), 136 343 exclusive camps, 73, 79 forced labour camps, 52, 136 herding camps, 68,122, 128, 279 luxury camps, 73, 74 salmon-angling camps, 52, 73-135 tundra camps, 45, 52, 57, 67, 163,263 ‘Campaign’ reindeer husbandry campaign (olenevodcheskoe meropriiatie), 272 seasonal campaigns in reindeer husbandry, 271 Capelin (moivay 266 Carbines, 120 Carcass (of reindeer, tusha), 39, 67, 72,131,134, 189, 196,197, 267 Carnival (in Rablais, Bakhtin), 4 Castration (of reindeer), 37 Census All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016,17 Central bureaucratic (usage), 31 power, 137,142,169, 211, 214 Centre centre-periphery tensions, 2 of concentrated power, 2 of
demographic pull, 272 distant centre, 1 insular centre of power, 2 power, viii, 170 Raion Centre of Lovozero, 21, 264, 270, 310 ‘Centredness’ (ofLovozero), 271 Centrifugal local developments, 13 tendencies, 15,19 Chal’mny Varre (tundra village), 249 Chamber working chamber (rabochaia kameray 39-11,43, 282, 283
344 INDEX Chambermaid (in exclusive camps), 73, 87 Chastnik (private owner), 188 Chemezov (Director ChTPK), 149 Chernovskii, Platon, 132, 133, 135 on accusations of herders’ poaching, 132,133 on 1st wild-reindeer ban, 132 on wild-reindeer counts, 135 Chibis, Andrei (acting Governor of Murmansk Region), 20, 22, 23, 99-101,101n35, 115, 149, 150, 152,165,214,218, 266, 292 appointed Governor March ‘19, 99 and the BZRK Affair, 23 meeting with Putin June ‘22, 23 visits Lovozero Raion MarchSept. ‘19, 99 visit to Lovozero Raion 25.10.22, 20 Chudziavre (lake), 57 Chumakov, A.A. (geologist, discovery of lithium deposits near Kolmiavr Lake), 158 Climate change, 46, 53, 54, 57, 112, 280,310,314 and biodiversity, 53, 54,112 and delayed harvesting, 57, 280 and snowmobiles, 46, 57 Cloud-berry (moroshka), 57, 210 Cod (treska), 239 Co-management, 136 limited informal, 136 Command, 3, 80,183,191, 194, 252, 273, 287 capitalism, 191 socialism, 191,194 ‘Commercial secrecy’ (komercheskaia taina), 35 Committee Agricultural Committee at the Government of Murmansk Region, 42 Committee for Accounting of Head-Counts (Komissiia po acheta), 16 (see also Committee for stock, taking of domestic northern reindeer, (komissiia po acheta domashnikh severnykh olenei)·, Committee for stock, Stock-Taking Committee (STC)) Committee for Property Management at the Administration of Pechenga Raion (Komitetpo apravleniu imushtestvom administratsii Pechengskogo raiona, KUP), 40 Committee for Relations with Community Organizations and Youth Affairs of Murmansk Region (Komitetpo vzaimodeistviiu s obshchestvennymi
organizatsiiami i delam molodezhi Marmanskoi oblasti), 68 Economic Committee of the Sovet of the Federation, 157 Lovozero Committee of War and Labour Veterans, 145 State Committee (Goskomissiia), 152 Committee for stock Stock-Taking Committee (STC), 34-47,227 taking of domestic northern reindeer, (komissiiapo acheta domashnikh severnykh olenei), 35n20 Common pot (obshchepyt), 263 Communication ‘default communication,’ 199 ‘silent communication,’ 199 Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), 87
INDEX Community, 1, 2, 23,45n31, 54, 59, 61,67,83,84,86, 89, 95, 97-103, 108-110,112-115,118, 124-126, 129, 131, 132, 135, 137, 142, 143, 148, 158, 159, 162, 168, 187,190, 191,193, 194,201,206nl4,209, 214, 216,239, 241,245,253,256, 259,260,264,267, 271,280, 284-286, 288,289,311,315 tundra-connected community, 53, 83,88, 114, 120, 284 Community (rural, obshchina) clan community (rodovaia obshchina), 239 territorial-neighbourhood community (territorial’nososedskaia obshchina), 185, 226 Commuting husbandry, 270, 272, 277, 307 reindeer husbandry, 183-295 Congress 4th Congress of Reindeer Herders, 14 Contact with herds, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 88, 139,163, 307 with reindeer, 36, 55, 121 ‘Contemporary realities’ (in connection with the RussianUkrainian War), 47 Controversies, 53, 54, 62, 92, 96, 103, 106-108,118,246, 253,254 wild-reindeer controversies, 23, 56, 59, 84, 92, 93,102,113,136, 142,253,289 Cooperative Cooperative for Agricultural Production (SKhPK), 185, 200n9, 222 345 Cooperative for Agricultural Production ReindeerHusbandry Commercial Enterprise of Numerically Small Peoples of the North {SKhPK OPKh MNS), 33 Corral, corralling, 35, 37-40, 43-45, 57, 86, 140,163, 188,189, 196, 208, 209, 228, 229, 238, 275,278, 281,282, 284, 292,308 counting-harvesting corralling, 35, 57,121,272 Corral enclosure Lovozero corral enclosure, 238, 275 Polmos corral enclosure, 39, 283 Porosozero corral enclosure, 39 Sem’ostrov’ie corral enclosure, 39 69 Km., 140, 141,145 Corrective Colony No 23 {Ispravitel’naia koloniya (IK) No 23), 137, 291 Corrective Labour Camp No 509 {IspravitePno-trudovoi
lager3 509), 136 Council Council of Representatives of the Indigenous Numerically-small People Sami, 154 Council of War, Labour, and Law-enforcement Veterans (Lovozerskii raionnyi sovet Veteranov), 143 Counting (of reindeer) aerial counting (aviauchet), 106 counting/harvesting activities, 39, 280 head counting, 17, 34-37, 39, 40 head-counting texts, 35 statistics, 34 tundra counting, 34
346 INDEX Counting and Monitoring of Animal Species Section for Counting and Monitoring {Sektor po uchetu i monitoringu ob’ektov zhivotnogo mira), 104 Counting-harvesting (corralling), 35, 57, 196, 272 Counts head counts, 11, 16, 20, 26, 28-30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 37n24,40^2, 44,134, 183,197, 227 moose counts, 135 wild-reindeer counts, 135 Cows, 11, 266 Creed, Gerald (on ‘institutionalized theft’ in Socialist Bulgaria), 4 Crosswise migration {poperek), 275 Cull aerial cull of wild-reindeer at Peak Kamennik, 118 annual cull, 267 Culling wild reindeer, 117, 118, 122,132 Custodianship (of the tundra), 62, 112, 113,126,133, 315 ‘Custodians of the tundra,’ 23,142 See also Khoziaeva tundry D Dadykin, A.I. (Manager of Non-Profit Partnership ‘Hunting Club BEZRK’), 88, 96 Danilov, Andrei (Sami activist, former OOSMO Leader, member of émigré Sami opposition), 168 ‘Dashing nineties’ (plikhie devianostye^, 62, 118,132,170 Data Base of the Government of Murmansk Region, 17, 33, 36, 37 for Lovozero Raion, 17, 36 Debate beyond debate, 136, 169 over renewables, 54 political debate, 126, 127, 237 public debate, 23,54, 71,88, 111, 142, 237 wild reindeer debate, 89, 111 Decree {Postanovlenie) Postanovlenie No 106 2010. On determining the limits for extracting hunting resources on the territory of Murmansk Region,’ 93 Postanovlenie No 160 2012. Regime of granting subsidies from the regional budget to obshchiny, 219, 245n34 Postanovlenie No 350 2013. On introducing a ban on catching wild reindeer and moose in the hunting grounds of Lovozero Raion,’ 93 Decree No 411 2021. [Regulations for
subsidizing obshchiny], Art. 3, 185,219 Decree No 425-PG On realizing the budget of Municipal Formation Village Settlement Lovozero for the 1st Half of 2022,’ 27 Decree {Prikaz) Decree (Prikaz)-\ 2012 On (hunting) guidelines, 105 Decree {Prikaz)-659 2021 On allotting (fish) catches, 234, 235, 239, 240 Decree {Prikaz)-727 2021 Of the Federal Fishing Agency, 234 Decree {Prikaz) for changing the rules concerning ‘Veteran of Labour’ status, 224
INDEX Prikaz-162 2020 On Red Book list, 85, 93 Prikaz-477 2020 On hunting rules, 93 Deer, reindeer individual deer {individual’nye oleni), 32, 43, 188,203,205 ‘paper deer’ ( ‘bumazhnye oleni’), 42,197 personal deer (lichnye oleni), 30-32, 34, 162,188,189,193, 199, 203,205 personal/private deer, 187,188, 190-193, 201, 201nll, 203, 205,205nl2, 207, 208, 228-230, 232, 233, 241, 242, 244, 267, 282-284, 288,308-310 private deer {chastnye oleni), 5, 15, 20,21,29,30, 34,43n30, 44, 45,126, 131,132,162, 185-189,192,201,203,219, 230,232, 233,308 private-in-the-collective deer, 4, 15, 30, 33, 34, 43-45, 58, 126, 190, 227, 242, 259, 308 sovkhoz deer (sovkhoznye oleni), 29, 30, 43,43n30, 106,130, 188,189, 200, 201,205, 205nl2,230,267,285, 288,308-310 Default (financial, of August 1998), 145 Den’gin, Vitalii (Acting Head of Lovozero Raion Administration), 25,25nl5 'De-nomadization,' 56 Department Department of Agro-industrial Complex Development ( Otdel’ razvitiia agro-promishlennqgo kompleksa), 35n22 347 Department of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Control for Murmansk Region ( Upravlenie Federal’noi sluzhby po veterinarnomu i fitosanitarnomu nadzoru po Murmanskoi oblasti, Rossel’khoznadzor), 23, 114, 121, 123,214 ‘Deviant subcultures,’ 125n46 Digurov, Vladimir (reindeer specialist; on state of ‘Tundra3 in the 1980s), 38,274 Director, 86, 96,128, 222, 263, 278, 279, 288, 289 sovkhoz director, 45, 196, 278, 289 ‘Dobrovolets3 {kolkhoz), Ά7 Dolgolevets, Andrei (Head of Fishing, Fishing Committee, on fishing quota scandal of 2011), 247, 255 DOSAAF {DOSAAF Rossii), 69
‘Doublespeak,’ 128 Dubovtsev, Andrei (Sami activist, Head of ООО ‘Reindir,3 Leader of Obshchina Akhktan), 240n30 Duma Regional Duma, 75, 88, 90-92, 102,110,123,131,223, 255,265n41 Federal Duma, 89 E Ecology ex-sovkhoz ecology, 286 Minister (Regional) of Natural Resources and Ecology, 75, 78, 96 and Nornikel’s lithium project, 137,156 political ecology, 236, 255, 259, 266, 287
348 INDEX Edinnaia Rossiia (Unified Russia, President’s party), 101n35 Eliason, Stephen (on ‘king’s game’ in medieval Europe), 232 Elite administrative - cum- moneyed elites, 53 circles, 76, 78 fishing, 77 local elite, 112,288 power elite, 3 ‘tundra elite,’ 19, 221, 282, 285, 286,288 Emergence low levels of emergence of ‘truly private’ farms, 206 of new property form, 190 Emergent phenomenon, 191, 192 Emeritus members (of brigades, honorary members), 262 ‘Emotions’ (w. legal norms), 101 ‘Endless deferral’ (Ssorin-Chaikov), 156,198 Engelhardt, Alexander (Governor, late 19 c.), 268, 269, 269n46 on Komi immigration, 269, 269n46 on Sami auxiliary services for late 19 c. tourists, 268 Enterprise agricultural enterprise, 201-264 Municipal Unitary Enterprise (MUP), 16,35,41,229; ‘Pechengskaia kompaniiap, 16, 40,41 town-forming enterprises (gradoobrazuyushchie predpriiatiia), 10n2, 18-20, 36n23, 54, 155,209,216,218 Environment economic environment, 308 ex-sovkhoist environment, 286 political environment, 51, 231 socio-economic environment, 54, 308 traditional union with environment, 88 Essen, Erica von (on ‘illegal taking’ vs. ‘poaching’), 125 Ethnic entrepreneur (Ingold), 252 Euphemism for the current war, 47 taboo and euphemism, 285 Euphemistic/euphemistically, 14, 159,205 terms, 14 Extensive herding, 71 husbandry, 55, 61, 111, 163, 209 Extensivity, 55, 59, 60, 71, 186,308 Exterior differences (of semi domesticated as against wild reindeer), 121 F Far East, viii, 212, 234, 243 ‘Far Eastern Hectare’ (Dalekovostochnii gektar), 212 Farm (khoziaistvo) ‘citizens’ farms (khoziaistva
naseleniia (grazhdane)), 32 collective farm (kolkhoz), 52, 138n52, 141,273 people’s farms (khoziaistva naseleniia), 202, 203, 205-208 rural farms (khoziistva naseleniia sePskikh poseleniy), 33 state farm (sovkhoz), 41, 52, 54, 183-185,273,308 ‘truly private’ farms, 203, 206, 213 ‘villagers’ farms (khoziaistva naseleniia sePskikh poselenii), 207
INDEX Farmers’ holdings {fermerskie khoziaistva), 202, 203 Fatherland War archaeology, 68 reconstruction clubs, 69 Fattening (or reindeer, na^uF), 60 Faultline, 102, 104, 114 of herding vs. hunting, 104 Federal Security Service (FSB), 3 Fedorova Tundra (mining-processing project), 148, 151, 152, 154, 161, 165 Fedorova Tundra (ridge), 137, 146-151,155 Fence reindeer fence argument, 121, 130 reindeer fence building, 130 reindeer fences, 55, 122,130, 269 Fenge and Rymer (on Kola reindeer husbandry in the early 1990s-factfinding report), 193 Fennoscandia, 198, 231, 271, 307 Fennoscandic (countries) neighbours, 146, 166, 184, 287, 309,313 reindeer husbandry organizations, 14 Festival of the North {Prazdnik Severa), 189, 238 Feudal vs. modernity orders, 4 -like political governance, 163 Russia as a feudal society, 4, 280 society, 4 Feudalism, 4 Filial, 81,164 Finland, viii, 22, 47,149,161,167, 168,215,218,247, 261, 287, 313 Finnish (company), 46, 217 Firearms absence of firearms (for herders), 119 349 law on firearms, 119 possession of firearms, 120 regime for firearms, 119 Fire-fighting units, 68 Fish anadromous fish (salmon, trout), 52, 73-135, 127n49, 147, 163, 214, 232, 238, 239, 242, 249, 253,256,314,315 ‘red’ fish, 232, 242 ‘white’ fish, 232, 239, 242 Fishing amateur fishing, 234, 250 cabin, 259 companies, 240, 241, 243, 244, 251-254, 256, 265 elite fishing, 77 fresh-water fishing, 55, 56, 58, 60, 185,210,219, 220,231-233, 236-239, 239n29, 243-245, 248-253, 256, 257, 259-262,269 industrial fishing, 234, 244, 250, 252, 256, 265 {see also Promyshlennoe rybolovstvo) lots, 219,
244, 246, 249 {see also Fishing lots RPU) quota scandal (of 2011), 245, 251 recreational fishing, 234, 235, 248, 256-258, 266 {see also Rekreatsionnoe ryholovstvo) resources, 187, 232, 242, 248, 250, 253, 262, 266 sea-fishing, 220, 231, 239-241, 240n30, 243-245, 248, 251-253, 268 sovkhoist fresh-water fishing, 259 sports fishing, 234, 250, 295 {see also Sportyvnoe rybolovstvo) tourism, 234 {see also Rybolovnii turizm) traditional fishing, 234, 241 {see also Traditsionnoe rybolovstvo~)
350 INDEX Fishing lots RPU, 244, 246, 249 ‘Folk crime,’ 125n46 Folk etymology, 276 Fondahl, Gail (on agro-centre), 5, 279 Foodstuffs, 64, 66 Forest and Ecological Control Regional Centre of Forest and Ecological Control, 81 Forestry branch, 81 {see also Filial} Department for Forestry Management at the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Fish Management of Murmansk Region, 81 Forestry Management, 75, 78-80 {see also Lesnoe khoziastvo) Forestry Office, 81 {see also Lesnichestvo Lovozerskogo Raiona) Forestry Office of Lovozero Raion, 81 {see also Lesnichestvo Lavozerskogo Raiona) Fund, 80, 81, 90, 91, 91n30, 96, 99, 155,163, 164 {see also Lesnoifond) Fund land, 79,82,148,155, 163,164 Forest tundra, 52, 54, 60, 81,105, 141,162,163,211,224,231, 263, 271 ‘For insiders’ use’ {dlia vnutrennogo pol’zovaniia), 13 Formation Closed Administrative-Territorial Formation (CATF, ZATO), 64n6 Municipal Formation (MO), 81 Municipal Formation Town Settlement Revda, 18 Municipal Formation Village Settlement Lovozero, 27 Forsyth, Craig (on folk crime), 125n46 Forum Arctic Business Forum, 149 International Arctic Forum, 21 ln!6 Foucault, Michel, 4, 279, 280 on feudal order, 4 on ‘panopticon vision,’ 279 Four-wheel bikes {kvadrotsikli), 57, 257, 307 Fragment (of herd), 42, 58, 60, 163, 272, 275, 307 slaughter fragment (of herd) {zaboinii kusok), 189 ‘Free tundra land’ (motif), 61 Fryer, Paul (on ‘go private’), 194 Fund,96 indivisible fund, 199-201 FZ (Federal Law) FZ-7 1996 (On non-profit organizations’), 226 FZ-104 2000 (On general principles of organization of obshchiny of the
indigenous numerically-small peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation’), 226 FZ-119 2016 (On land plots’), 204,212 FZ-119 2016 (On specifics of providing land plots for citizens’), 204 FZ-166 2004 (On industrial fishing,’ ‘on “traditional fishing” (Art. 1)’), 234,241 FZ-209 2021 (On hunting and preservation of hunting resources’), 97n33 FZ-226 2021 (On “Arctic Hectare” in Murmansk Region’), 212
INDEX FZ-226 2021 (On introducing changes in FZ-119’), 212 FZ-282 2007 (On official statistical accounts’), 11, 20, 35 FZ-475 2018 (On amateur fishing’), 234 Game keepers, 97 ‘king’s game’ (in medieval Europe), 232 poaching, 74 wild game, 125 Garage boat garage (lodochnyi sarai), 257,257n39 car/workshop garage, 257 garage sales (fish, reindeer meat), 193 Gathering (of wild plants, dikorosy) wild-berry gathering, 58, 265 wild-fruit gathering, 219, 220 ‘Gebel,’ German F. on Kola Sami being primarily fishermen, 242 on Sami ‘backwardness,’ 269 Golovnev, A. (on NAO ‘success story’), 5 Gosplan (State Planning Committee), 56 Gostevskikh, Aleksei (General Director AO ‘Fedorovo Resources), 153, 154,156 Gosudarstvennaia 2022 (Legislative document on state support for KMNS), 219 Governance culture of governance, 13,15 de-centralized governance, 256 feudal order regime of governance, 310 351 model of governance, 19, 280, 309 regime of governance, 2 system of governance, 1, 2 Governor acting Governor, 22, 76, 77, 99, 214,292 former Governor, 22, 77, 101, 104,165 Vice-Governor, 79, 95, 146 Grazing range, 20, 21, 27, 41, 52, 55, 57, 59,80,81,86, 87, 89,90,97, 107, 109,116, 117,121, 122, 129, 138, 144,146-149, 157,158,161,210,225, 240n30, 271,273, 284, 307,314 range ofi Tundra,' 24, 71, 91 semi-free summer grazing, 55 ‘Green’ policy, 156 vs. ‘predatory’ poachers, 108 values, 96,162 Gremikha (naval base), 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 71,136 Grigor’ev, Aleksei (General Director of ОАО Appatit), 75, 76 GSM (connectedness), 59 Guanxi, 262 GULAG, 52 camp, 136 Gulevich, Vladislav (on Sami auxiliary
services for Pomor sea-fishing teams), 268 Guns (unlicensed, nelegal’kï), 119 Gur’ev, Andrei (oligarch, owner of PhosAgro Group}, 77, 78 H Habeck, Otto, 34, 279 on agro-centres, 279 on kontora vs. brigada, 34
352 INDEX Habitat ranges, 130 separation, 122 wild-reindeer, 111 Haddock {piksha), 239, 240 Hann, Chris, viii, 3, 184, 191 on Karl Polanyi (substantive vs. formalized economies), 3 on sovkhoism, 3 Harder, René (German filmmaker, film on Krasnoshchel’ie), 194 Hardin, Garrett (on ‘tragedy of the commons’), 126, 284, 288, 310 Hart, Keith (on informal economy), 261 Head Head of Lovozero Raion Administration, 37 Head of Village Settlement Lovozero, 90, 96, 109,155 Head (of reindeer) annual grant per, 42 count/counts, 29,134 Head-Counting Statements, 36 {see also Akty о pogolov’ia) Heikkilä, Lydia (on ‘herders’ talk), 276 Helicopter flying in supplies to Ostrovnoi, 64, 66 municipally sponsored helicopter flights {munitsipal’nye reist), 39 Munozero helicopter crash, 74, 79,165 Henriksen, Christina (President of the Sami Council), 167 on severing links with AKS, 167 Herd ‘the herd was still in hand’ ( cstado eshche bylo v rukakh3), 273 personal/private herd, 30, 44,124, 192,193, 200, 205,207, 208, 228,230, 285 private herd, 30,44,124, 192, 200, 207, 208, 228, 230, 285 separation of herd, 60 ‘students’ herd {uchebnoe stado), 122 ‘truly private’ herd, 183nl, 192,201nll Herder fishing rights, 257-259 residence, 139 Herding brigades, 211, 266 by commuting, 122 teams, 20, 57, 58, 71, 117, 119, 134,148,188,190, 229, 262, 264,270, 272, 273, 307 Herring (cured, seledka), 266 Herzfeld, Michael on ‘cultural intimacy,’ 4 on ‘culture of theft,’ 4 on ‘intimate cultural knowledge,’ 187 ‘Hidden transcripts’ (Scott), 112, 187 Honorary members (of brigades), 262 ‘Hosts of the tundra’ {khoziaeva
tundry), 47, 52 Hudalov, Maksim (Head of AKRA Group), 150 Human-Rangifer (contact) direct contact herding, 55 link, 221 relationship, 55, 71 Humphrey, Caroline, 3, 54, 125, 184, 191,274 on theft, 125 on ‘total social institution,’ 54, 184,274 Hunting basic regulations {okhotminimum), 119 Chart of Hunting Lots {Skhema, okhotuchastki), 98 Club BZRK, 23 community, 115, 132
INDEX license (okhotnichii bilet), 119 quotas, 102, 105 specialists (okhotovedy), 115, 121 Hunting Control Department, 79 Section at Hunting Control Department for Counting and Monitoring of Animal Species (Sektorpo uchetu i monitoringu ob’ektov zhivotnogo mira), 104 Hunting grounds, 67,100,105-108 restricted hunting grounds, 105, 106, 110 (see also Zakreplennykh okhotnychykh ugodii) Hunting Inspectorate ( Okhotinspektsiia; Okhotnadzor), 67, 87, 88,98,114, 115, 133 Regional Hunting Inspectorate (Gosokhotinspektsia), 133 Hunting inspectors, 87, 97, 134 production and Hunting inspectors (proizvodstvenno-okhotnich’i inspektory), 97 Hunting Lot No 7, 84, 85, 87, 97, 108, 109, 117,129 Hunting lots (okhotnichie uchastki; okhotuchastki), 81 Hyper-extensive (husbandry) husbandry, 59, 61,163 husbandry methods, 269 management, 281 reindeer husbandry system, 111, 163 spiral, 284 I Ideology, 46 ‘We do not even have an Ideology anymore!,’ 46 levdokimov, Iurii (former Governor of Murmansk Region), 115 353 Igontova, Anna (Kola Sami politician, support of SVO), 166 Il'ina, Elena (journalist, PP), 118, 120,140 on beginning of wild -deer controversy (2005), 118 ‘Illegal taking,’ 97, 125, 126 vs. poaching, 163 Income disclosing income (state officials), 10 non-taxable income, 27 taxable income, 27 taxes, 10 Indigeneity limits of indigeneity, 226 mobilizing indigeneity, 74 non-urban indigeneity, 220 re-interpreting indigeneity, 5 ‘urban’ indigeneity, 220, 236, 237,239 Indigenous fishing rights, 231, 232 Indigenous Council, 154 Indigenous Numerically-small Peoples Saami, 255 (see also KMNS
(Indigenous People Sami/Saami)) obshchiny, 186 people, viii, 4, 5, 104, 114, 155, 157,159,169, 203, 226, 233-235, 239, 241-243, 250, 254 ‘In Memory of Lenin’ ( ‘Pamiati Lenina,' reindeer husbandry sovkhoz), 37,195 See also ‘Olenevod’ (reindeer husbandry cooperative, Krasnoshchel’ie) Inspectors, 110n38 production and hunting inspectors (proizvodstvenno-okhotnich’i inspektory), 97
354 INDEX Intensive care, 55 husbandry forms, 55 meat-focussed reindeer husbandry, 60 Intensivity, 55 Intervention ex-machina intervention, 287 human intervention, 280 state intervention, 289 supreme intervention, 286 ‘Intimate knowledge’ (Herzfeld), 127 Intimate realia, 127n49 lokanga Bay, 136 Irkutsk Region, 150, 151 Istomin, Kirill (on sovkhoism), 184 Izhma (Komi), 55, 90, 90n29, 231 Izvatas’ (etnonym, Izhma Komi), 89 Izvatas’ (NGO, OOD), 89 Lovozero Department of Social Movement ‘I’ (Lovozerskoe otdelenie obshchestvennogo dvizheniia Tz’vatas’), 89 J ‘January reindeer’ (ianvarskie oleni), 37 К Kalstad, Johan (on private reindeer husbandry), 193 Kalvemo, Jos (Norwegian Sami journalist and documentary film-maker, on Vatonena’s tourist venture, 63 Kamennik (Peak), 107, 108,118 Kanevka (remote village), 10n2,18, 38,42, 55-57,123,155,213, 268, 268n45, 270, 271, 307 Kanozero (Lake), 74 Kapitan Kosolapov’ (ice-breaker), 64 Karelin, Anatoli (journalist, PP, on wild-reindeer controversy), 93, 110n38,123,128-130, 135 Karnasurt (Mining-Processing Complex), 137 Keivi (Ridge), 118,160, 314 Kerimov, Suleiman (mega-oligarch, owner Polius, Rostekh), 150,150n66 on Amadea ownership, 150n66 on Fedorova Tundra Project, 150 Kharuzin, Nikolai (on historical Russian Sami (Lapp) ethnography), 242 Khodorkovskii (former mega-oligarch and Putin’s critic, on past co-ownership of PhosA^ro), 76nl7 Khomichev, Evgenii (on ‘Arctic Hectare’ in the Far East), 214 Khoziaeva tundry, 47 Kin, 42n28, 186,189, 190,195, 206, 206nl4, 219, 226, 244, 252, 259, 262, 263, 283, 284 para-kin, 206, 206nl4, 244, 259, 284
Kirovsk (town), 75 Appatiti-Kirovsk (twin-town complex), 75 Kiselev and Kiseleva (on ‘individual reindeer,’ individual’nye oleni), 32,188 Klavdiia Elanskaia’ (coastal passenger liner), 64, 67, 72 KMNS (Indigenous People Sami/ Saami), 227, 234-239, 242, 244-246,245n34, 248, 250, 253-256, 258-260, 264,265 state support for KMNS, 227, 242 Knee-length parka (malitsa), 60
INDEX pelt harvesting for ( malichnyi zaboi), 60 Koarrdegk Sijjt, 138 Kobylkin, Dmitrii (Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation), 102 ‘Kola Hunting Grounds’ (property of A. Reizvikh, Kol’skie ugod’ia), 103 Kola Peninsula, vii, 1, 55, 60, 73, 104, 127n49,132, 142, 166,209, 220,230 Kola Raion (Kol’skii raion), 103 Kola Sami Association (AKS), 159, 167,231 Kolkhoz, 37,141,141n54, 188, 203, 207, 221 member’s plot (kolkhoznii dvor), 203 Kolmiavr (Hydrometeorological Station (GMS) ‘KolmiavP), 86, 91,129,158 Landmark Kolmiavr, 158 (see also Urochishte Kolmiavr) Kolmiavr (Lake), 86,129,143-145, 157-159, 313 See also Kolmozero (Lake) Kolmozero (Lake), 143,145, 313 Komarov, Kirill (Vice-President, ‘Rosatom^, 157 Komi Izhma Komi, 89, 90, 90n29, 143, 231 (see also Izvatas’ (etnonym, Izhma Komi)) meat and suede trading, 269 protests against fishing privileges for KMNS, 254 Komified Nenets, 19, 25nl4, 90n29, 113,114, 166, 169, 221-223, 234-236,254 Komi/Nenets (settlers), 60 Kommersant (newspaper, Kommersant, ru), 92-94,150 355 Komsomol, 87, 104 Komsomol’skaia Pravda (daily newspaper, Murmansk edition), 133 Kontora, 34, 35, 43 brigada-kontora distinction, 34 Komai, Janos, 3, 125n45, 191, 205nl3, 279 on deficit economy, 279 on soft budget constraints, 205nl3 Kovdor Raion (Kovdorskii Raion), 9 Kovtun, Marina (former Governor of Murmansk Region), 22, 76, 76nl5, 77, 91-96, 98, 99, 101, 104,123, 165,211,218, 254,255 in ‘elite fishing,’ 77 Krasnoshchel’ie (remote village), 10n2, 13, 18, 19, 27, 37, 42, 55-57, 59, 84, 86, 89, 107, 108, 110,112,123,129,134,155,
159,160,200n9, 201,206, 213, 221,222,225,249, 249n36,267n44, 268, 268n45,270, 271,273, 279, 307 Krushchev, Nikita, 3, 51, 56 agricultural reforms, 51 Kurzen’iev, Nikolai (former Head of Administration Lovozero Raion, on applications for fishing quotas), 96, 112 Kuznetsova, Anna (journalist, LP), 91, 110, 225,289 on disputes with BZRK, 91, 110 on few herders in brigades, 38 on obshchiny and reindeer husbandry, 225 on ‘sovkhoz milk,’ 266, 266n42,267 Kuznetsova, Nadezhda (acting Head of Administration Lovozero Raion), 21, 215, 216
356 INDEX L Land for agricultural use (zemlia sel’skokhoziaistennopo naznacheniia'), 81, 91, 91n30, 116, 117, 163,225 Forestry Fund land, 79, 81, 82, 90, 91,91n30, 99,148, 155, 163, 164 land for urban settlements, 82 parcelling out land (mezhevanie), 210 plot {zemel’nyi uchastok'), 187, 203, 204, 207-212, 214, 216, 219, 244, 250 regulated land, 213 for village settlements, 82 Land-use traditional forms of land-use, 89, 156, 219, 222, 226, 227 traditional land-use, 5, 156, 159, 203,220, 227,230,239, 241, 244, 260, 265 Lapland Reserve (Laplandskii zapovednik), 92, 93, 112,135 Law common law, 114-116 Federal law, 11, 20, 35,97n33,199, 204,226 herders and the law, 120 Lawlessness (hespredel), 132 Leader brigade leader, 19, 38, 45,183nl, 193, 201nll,221,275, 276, 283 of Indigenous Council, 154 OOSATO leader, 167,168, 231, 237,247 of SKhPK Tundra’ 18, 34, 41, 55, 86,91,107,118,144-146, 202,216, 221,228, 238, 240n30, 266, 266n42, 267, 267n43, 273, 279, 314 Leadership, 5, 19, 21, 32, 43,44, 86, 91, 104,119, 123,125,148, 154,169, 196,197, 221,254, 255, 260, 279, 287 Ledeneva, Alena (on blat), 261 Lesnichestvo Lovozerskogo Raiona, 81 Lesnoe khoziastvo, 75 Lesnoifond, 90 Letter (adres, to members of the Federal Duma}, 11, 32, 66n7, 84, 89, 90,143, 168,169n74, 192n4, 243, 281 Open Letter of the Veterans, 168, 192n4 Licenses (for salmon fishing), 92-94, 97,105,110,112,116,119, 120n41,128,146, 147,150, 151,238 See also Putevki ‘Litanies and laments’ (discursive genre, Ries), 136, 139, 156, 295 Lithium carbonate imports from, 157 deposits in Lovozero raion, 157 ‘Nornikel’/‘Rosatom’
lithium mining-processing project, 137, 156,157,160,161 Lithuanian academic (and Gremikha poaching), 63 ‘Little motherland’ {‘malaia rodina’), 138,138n53 LiubitePskoe rybolovstvo, 234 ‘Locals’ vs. outsiders, 108 rights of locals, 62 Loomis, Gary (Finnish-American entrepreneur), 73 Loparskoe (village), 9 Lovozero Lake Lovozero, 213, 274, 292, 295 municipality, vii, 1, 9, 27, 56, 156 Raion, 5, 9, 9nl, 10, 12, 17,19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 36, 41,
INDEX 45n31, 53, 59, 79-82,84, 87-90, 92-95, 98-100, 102, 104,106,108, НО, 113, 116, 131-138, 143,144,146, 151, 153,154,156,157,159,162, 164,165, 183,184,195, 200η9, 202, 203, 206, 208, 211,213,214,216,218,219, 221,225,229, 234,239, 250, 252, 255,260, 270, 271, 307, 311, 313 Raion Administration, 15, 16, 19, 25nl5, 32, 37, 82,88,96, 154,155, 169,197 Lovozero (corral enclosure), 275 Lovozero/Revda (twin-town complex), 165, 238, 266, 272 Lovozerskaia Pravda (weekly of Lovozero Raion Administration, LP), 11,12,15,16,21,24, 32, 58,67, 82,98, 106,143,145, 154-156, 169, 195,197, 247, 293 Luk’ianchenko, Tat’iana (on Sami and Komi husbandry history), 55, 231, 242, 269, 272 Luzin, Gennadii (on Kola Peninsula geological surveys), 141 Μ Machine-tractor station (MTS), 56 See also Krushchev, Nikita, agricultural reforms Madslien, Jorn (journalist, on Murmansk’s garages), 258 Mafia, 92 Mainland (bol’shaia zemlia), 66, 272n47, 313 Marginalization, 185,194 of reindeer husbandry, 194 ‘Maternity ward,’ 108,109 357 for moose (roddom, rodiPnyi dom), 110,112 Matrekhin, Ivan (entrepreneur, Sami politician, Leader of Sami obshchina'), 166, 168 on fishing quota distribution scandal, 239 on ‘Z’ on guitar scandal, 166 Matrekhin, Ivan (former Head of SkhPK ‘Olenevod’), 123, 166, 167, 222,240, 247, 251,252 Mature Putinism, 143 socialism, 190 Meat meat-plan (miasoplan), 11, 117, 118,122,130,132, 196, 197, 261,267, 289 rotten meat affair, 21-24, 36, 214, 215,217 traders (kommersanty), 39, 189 Meat-processing facility (kolbasnyi tsekh), 21, 215, 267n44 of ‘Olenevod,’ 21, 267n44 (see also ООО ‘Reindir’
(meat processing factory and shop of ‘Olenevod’in Lovozero)) Meat Processing Factory in Murmansk (rniasokombinat), 196 Mechanisms (of discursive behaviour) covert mechanisms, 198, 202, 205 overt mechanisms, 198,199, 205 Meeting Chibis-Vassilevskii meeting (25.10.22), 20 on net-fishing June ‘19 (in Lovozero; in Revda), 255 Putin-Chibis meeting (June ’22), 23 Ruusalep in Lovozero meeting (27.02.19), 96 Shestak with Veterans meeting (15.03.19), 91
358 INDEX Meta-idiom, 127,128, 157,187 Mi-8 (helicopter), 74, 76,160 Migrant, 18, 24 labour migrants, 24,165, 216, 295 Migration crosswise migration (poperek), 275 directionality, 276, 277 latitudinal migration, 275, 277 meridional migration, 275 routes, 54,116, 158, 160, 269, 275 treks, 281 Military cooperation with the military, 68 detachments (in Lovozero Raion, voinskie chasti), 62 garrisons, 103 vs. herders tensions, 62-73 Military Industrial Complex ( VPK), 62,71,165 poaching, 63, 68, 83, 289 sports games, 68, 292 Mimidova, Ol’ga (teacher Northern College), 122n42 Mining-processing complex, 18, 20, 61, 75, 76nl6, 99, 113, 137,146,148,155,160, 195n7, 209,218,261,265, 271, 290, 291 Complex ОАО Appatit in KirovskAppatiti, 75-78 Limited Company ‘Lovozero mining-processing Complex’ ( Obshestvo Ogranichennoi Otvetstvenostiu ‘Lovozerskii Gorno-ObogatitePniy Kombinat, ООО Lovozerskii GOK), 19nll ООО Lovozerskii GOK in Revda, 216 Minister Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology (Yokubauskas), 96, 97 Minister of Natural Resources of RF (Kobylkin), 102 Regional Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology (Ruusalep), 96,101, 110, 115 Regional Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology (Smirnov), 75, 78, 86, 87, 91, 129,158 Regional Minister of Property Relations (Minkina), 212 Vice-Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology (Alkhimchikov), 75, 78 Ministerstvo investitsii, razvitiia predprinimatePstva i rybnogo khoziaistva Murmanskoi oblasti, 35n21 Ministry Federal Ministry of Natural Resources (Minpriroda), 85n23,108,117 Ministry of Agriculture, Regional, 35,250,255 Ministry
of Investments, Entrepreneurial Development, and Fisheries of Murmansk Region (see Ministerstvo investitsii, razvitiia predprinimatePstva i rybnogo khoziaistva Murmanskoi oblasti) Minkina, Victoria (Regional Minister, On ‘lighter’ Arctic Hectare procedure), 212 Mitrany, David (on ‘peasant victories’), 4, 280 Monchegorsk (city), 86, 87, 128, 129,144 Moose ‘maternity ward,’ 108, 109 wild reindeer and moose (bans, hunting), 53, 88, 93, 95, 107,108
INDEX Morality, 89 vs. legislation, 89 Morozov, Viacheslav (Head of Murmanskstat), 202, 206 Moscow Post (e-newspaper), 76 Motif, 60,61,74, 114, 120,123, 127,130,152,287 ‘wild reindeer’ motif, 123 Municipal Formation (munitsipaPnoe obrazovanie, MO), 18n9, 81, 81n21 Municipality (Raion), vii, 1, 9, 40 Municipal Unitary Enterprise (MUP), 16, 35,41,229 Munozero helicopter crash, 74, 79, 165 tragedy, 75 Munozero (Lake), 74 ‘Murmanets1 (kolkhoz, Teriberka), 141 Murmansk (city, Regional capital), vii, ix, 1,5,9, 10, 14, 17,18,23, 24nl3, 33, 34, 35n21, 36, 37, 40-42, 44^7, 51-170, 52nl, 85n24, 90n28, 90n29, 102n36, 196, 245, 257n39, 258, 261, 272,290 Murmansk-140, 63, 65, 67 (see also Gremikha (naval base); Ostrovnoi (CATF)) Murmansk Experimental Reindeer Husbandry Station (MOOS), 37, 41 Murmanskii vestnik (daily newspaper, Murmansk), 106,123,129,131, 143,151,247 Murmansk Region, vii, 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 34, 37,40—12, 44, 46, 51-170, 183-295, 307, 314 Murmanskstat, 17,17n8, 37, 37n24, 202,203,206 Murmansk Transport Node (Port and Railway Node), 156 Mushrooms, 66, 267, 277 359 Mustonen, Tero (on Atlantic salmon fishing in the Ponoi, on poaching), 73, 80, 111, 127n49, 251 MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs), 137 N Nadezhdina, Vera (journalist, LP), 62, 67, 90, 108, 109, 289 on military poaching, Gremikha, 67 on ‘moose birthing place,’ BZRK Affair, 108 Nagovitsina, Elena (on cooperative ‘indivisible fund’), 199 Narrative, 61, 99, 99n34, 111, 118, 120,127,136,139, 197,273 counter-narrative, 109 ‘National,’ 25nl4,120, 156, 166, 210, 215, 215nl8, 250, 250n38, 251,310
‘Nationalities,’ 25nl4, 222-224 National Northern Lyceum, 122n42 National projects, 21, 22, 217 ‘Need-and-misery’ (discursive genre, Berg-Nordlie), 118 Nelson and Blomley (on game resource distribution in African countries), 232 Nenets AO (Autonomous Okrug), 186 descendants of Komi/Nenets, 222 'Komified' Nenets, 19, 25nl4, 90n29, 113,114,166,169, 221-223, 234-236, 254 Numerically-small people (of the North, MNS), 25nl4 Komi/Nenets immigration, 55, 269, 269n46, 308 ‘success story’ (Golovnev and Osherenko; Zuev), 5, 186n3
360 INDEX ‘Northerner’ (severianin), 235, 258, Nets mesh-size of nets, 244 258n40,259, 295 Northerner's way of life, 258 ‘net controversy,’ 254 Northern National College (Severnii nylon thread nets (koreikï), 244 regulations for use of net, 244, 254 Natsional’nyi Kolledzh), 122n42 traditional use of net, 235, 251, 255 North-South line, 59 Northwestern Federal Okrug, 75 use-of-net controversy, 255 Netting, 235, 244, 249, 250, 253, See also NW Federal Okrug 256,260, 266 Norway, viii, 47, 52nl, 140, 154, New Economic Policy (NEP), 51 166-168, 233, 247, 261 Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ‘New Russians’ (novye russkie), 87 Nikolaev, Valerii (journalist, LP), 155, (NRK), 166 Saprni Section of NRK, 166 239n29, 246, 254 on abolishing Sam’ Sobbar, 154, 255 Numerically-small peoples (of the on Council of Representatives, North, MNS), 25nl4 NW Federal Okrug, 78, 78nl8 240n31,246 on regulations for net-fishing, 253,254 О on subsidies for obshchiny, 246 Niurov, Sazon (former Head of Obfuscation, 11, 26 bureaucratic obfuscation, 10, 11, Reindeer Husbandry in ‘Tundra,’ interview in LP), 195, 195n5, 31, 194,199 Observation booth (in a corral 196, 274, 276, 280, 286 NKVD (People’s Commissariat of enclosure, budka), 39,43 Internal Affairs), 136, 160, 290 Obshchina/obshchiny (indigenous community) ‘Non-happening’ (of‘truly private’ hiring of fishing companies, herding), 193 240-241, 243-244, 248, ‘Norfrys’ (reindeer-meat processing company), 46 251-253, 256, 265 holders of fishing quotas and ‘Norilsk Nickel,’ 159n70 obshchina/obshchiny, 240, 244, Public Joint Stock Company 245,251 ‘Mining
and Metallurgical rodovaia obshchina/obshchiny, 227,229 Company Norilsk Nickel,’ 159n70 (see also '’NornikeP teritorial’no-sosedskaia obshchina/ obshchiny, 33, 185, (mining and metallurgical company)) 203,225-227 ‘Nornikel’ (mining and metallurgical Okhotnichyi Klub BEZRK, 84 Okrug, 78, 83 company), 137,156,157, 160,161 Federal Okrug., 75, 78 Olenegorsk-2, 71, 72 North See also Tsar’ Gorodok Far North, viii, 4,15n4, 131,199n8 ‘Olenevod’ (reindeer husbandry Russian Far North, vii, 1, 3 cooperative, Krasnoshchel’e), 13, Northern College, 70,122n42 14,17,18,27,116,183
INDEX Oligarch mega-oligarch, 76nl7 middle oligarch, 129 Oligarchate agri-business oligarchate, 203 loyal oligarchate, 3, 24, 157 middle-range oligarchate, 83, 100,117 post-Soviet oligarchate, 87 Oligarchic capital, 169 ООО ‘Bol’shoi Vud’iavr, 78 ООО (Limited liability companies), 203 ООО ‘Lovozerskii GOK' 18-20, 24, 113,216 ООО ‘Luga-les’ 78 ООО ‘Reindir’ (meat-processing factory and shop of ‘Olenevod’ in Lovozero), 267n44 OOSMO (NGO of the Sami of Murmansk Region), 167, 247 Open Joint-Stock Company (ОАО) Appatit, 76, 77 Voronia Minerals, 144 Open Joint Stock Company ( ОАО) Voronia Minerals, 144 Order, 4, 26, 53, 85,117,131, 132, 135,194,209,210,253, 272,311 feudal vs. modernity orders, 4, 280 operational order, 13 Order of Endorsement {Rasporiazhenie ob utverzhdenii, ofSTC statements), 36 Soviet order, 13, 286 Orekhova, Ekaterina (on colonization of Murman Coast; on Sami auxiliary services for Pomor fishing crews), 60, 231 Oreskov, Claus (on privatization of Kola reindeer husbandry), 193 Organization (organizatsiia) 361 agricultural organizations (sel’skokhoziaistvennye organizatsii), 32, 202 Non-profit Organization of Territorial-Neighbourhood Community of Numerically Small Sami People ( Nekomercheskaia Organizatsiia Teritorial’no-Sosedskaia Obshchina Korennogo Malochislennogo Naroda Saami (NO TSO KMNS), 33 reindeer husbandry/herding organizations, 102 Sami organizations, vii, 154, 164, 166,231 western organization, 166 Orlov A.V. (owner and Chair of Agricultural Holding Company ‘Belgrankorm’, BZRK Affair), 86, 87,91,92, 100,101, 103,129 Osherenko, G. (On NAO ‘success
story’), 5 Osherenko, Gail (On salmon fishing and luxury fishing camps, (with A. Golovnev) on NAO ‘success story’), 5, 73,111,251 Ostrovnoi (CATF), 63-68, 71, 72,136 See also Gremikha; Murmansk (city, Rergional capital), Murmansk-140; Ostrovnoi (CATF); ZATO (CATF, Zakrytoe administratyvnoterritorial’noe obrazovanie) Outsiders,’ 10, 41, 52, 53, 60-62, 67, 83, 84, 87-89, 94, 95, 99, 103, 104,106,108,109,113, 117,118,120,122,124-126, 131,135,156,163,198,276, 285, 311, 315 narratives, 61
362 INDEX P Pail (measure for potatoes, vedro), 208 1Pa miati Lenina’ (Tn Memory of Lenin’), 37,195 Pana Hills (Panskie tundry), 143 ‘Panopticon vision’ (Foucault), 279 Parcelling out land (mezhevanie), 210 Parka, 60 knee-length parka ( malitsa), 60 Parts (of Murmansk Region) eastern parts, 92 reindeer-husbandry parts, 14,18,137 road parts, 270 roadless parts, 82, 162, 213, 270 western parts, 93, 231 Pastures, 41, 44,122,131,143,148, 159, 206, 231 winter pastures, 54, 59, 60, 116, 148, 151,161, 164 Patriotic upbringing (patrioticheskoe vospitanie), 68-70 Pechenga Raion, 9, 34, 40, 41, 229 Pechenga Raion Administration, 16 Peripheral community, 1, 126 socio-economic sector, 13 tier, 4 Peripherality ‘true peripherality,’ 54 decentralization of peripherality, 2 gradient, 164,165 limits of peripherality, 98,100, 111, 113 scaling of peripherality, 164 selectively de-centralized (‘liberated’) peripherality, 136 threshold of peripherality, 53, 71, 83,118,136,142,145,149, 151,162, 169,216, 253,309 Peripheralization, 52 second peripheralization, 52 Periphery affiliated periphery, 262 centre-periphery tensions, 2, 315 extended periphery (of brigades, ‘affiliated members’), 266 extreme periphery, 1, 2, 253 remote periphery (field of vision), 2 Pettersen, Trude (journalist, Barents Observer, on Munozero crash), 79,89n27 PhosAgro (Group), 75-79, 76nl6,76nl7 See also FosAgro (Group) Piatka (river), 74nl2 ‘Piatka’ (tourist camp), 74, 74nl3, 76, 83 Platinoid (or deposits), 147 Platinum concentrate (production), 147 Fedorova Tundra platinum Project, 137, 148-151,165 ore deposits in Fedorova
Tundra, 146 platinum-metal ores in the Voronia Basin, 143 Poachers city poachers, 67, 87, 94, 97, 119-120,124,128, 131, 133,140-141 military poachers, 128 urban poachers, 124, 131, 140 Poaching external poaching, 141, 279 ‘illegal taking’ vs. ‘poaching,’ 97, 125,163 internal poaching, 88,124, 135,140 military, 63, 83,128, 289 Polanyi, Karl (On substantive/ formalized property), 3, 191, 308 Police, 68, 97, 100,120n41 reindeer police (Artieva), 290
INDEX See also ROVD; UVD (Police Department, Upravlenie Vnutrennykh Del) Polikarpov, Nikolai (economic analyst, on Munozero crash), 76 ‘Polius’ (company, Kerimov), 150 Polmos (corral enclosure), 39, 157,283 Pomor fishing teams, 231, 251 sea-fishing, 251, 268 Pomor (people), 251 Ponoi (river), 59, 73, 107, 109, 127n49,163,238, 249 right bank of Ponoi (pravoberezh’e Ponoia), 59, 84,107 Ponoi (village, on Barents Sea coast), 64,136 Population (of wild reindeer) eastern population, 102n36,106 Karelian population, 102n36 Komi-Arkhangel’sk population, 102n36 Viat-Kama population, 102n36 western population, 92,102n36 Porosozero (corral enclosure), 39 Postanovlenie 160 2012 (On subsidies for obshchiny KMNS), 219,245n34 Postanovlenie 411 2021 (On subsidies for KMNS), 185, 219 Post-Soviet, 3, 5,12,13, 20, 23, 28, 29, 37, 38, 42,43n30,45,46, 62, 87,106,122, 124,125,136, 142,146n62,187,199, 200, 203,211,212,219, 221,261, 271, 275, 279, 286, 287, 308,309 Potatoes, 207-209, 265-267 Power centre of power, viii, 1, 2, 51,170 high-power interests, 169, 232, 253 363 pinnacle of power, 2, 51, 84, 151,160 power-pyramid, 51, 83,160, 232 (see also ‘Vertikal’ vlasti (vertical of power)) regional power, ix, 248 supreme power, 2, 36, 135, 136, 139, 157, 165,169, 270,280, 309-311,314 vertical ofpower, 2, 4, 13, 111, 113, 117,118, 142,254 (see also ‘ Vertikal’ vlasti (vertical of power)) Pravila (rules, regulations) for fishing, 231-235, 244, 245, 249, 250 for hunting, 119 Predation, 30, 71,88,97 Predators animal predators, 120 human predators, 120 ‘two-legged predators,’ 120 ‘Predatory’ (image of
outsiders), 95 Prigozhin, Evgenii (oligarch, owner of Wagner Group), 98, 311 Private ear-marks, 283 farms, 202, 203, 206, 207 herders, 183nl, 188,193, 201nll,228 herds, 30,44,124,192, 200, 207, 208, 228, 230, 285 personal/private reindeer, 187, 190-192, 201,201nll, 203,205, 205nl2, 207, 208, 228-230, 242, 244, 264, 267, 282, 288, 308-310 reindeer, 5,15, 20, 21, 29, 30, 34, 43n30, 44, 45,126,162,185, 186,188, 189, 192,219,230, 232,308
364 INDEX Private-in-the collective, 4,15,20, 30, 34,43^5, 58,126,190, 227, 242,257,259,260,262,278, 308 Professional School 26, 122, 122n42 See also Northern College; PU-26 Project ‘Barrick Gold’/‘Rostekh’platinoid mining-processing project, 146 ‘Boliden’/Moronia Minerals’ gold mining project, 141, 145, 148,149 Fedorova Tundra project, 137,146, 148-152, 155,161, 165 industrial projects, 89, 136-161, 165 NKVD Project No 509,136, 141,160 ‘Nornikel’/‘Rosatom’ lithium mining-processing project, 137,156 Promyshlennoe rybolovstvo, 234 Property new kind of property, 190 new property type, 190 risk-proofproperty, 190 relations, 4,187 PU-26, 122n42 See also Northern College ‘Puaz’ (‘Reindeer,’ obshchina), 240 Putevki, 238 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 23, 62, 66, 76nl7, 84, 99, 128, 150n66,167 meeting with Chibis (June ’22), 23 plea to Putin from citizens of Ostrovnoi, 64 Q Quota application for a fishing quota {zaiavka), 247 ‘determined’ quotas, 106, 239,239n29 discussions of quotas, 245 fishing quota, 225, 239, 240, 242,245-247, 251,252, 264, 265 fishing quota distribution of 2011,246 fresh-water fishing quota, 239, 239n29, 243, 244, 248 ‘non-determined’ quotas, 239 quota holders, 241-244, 252 sea-fishing quotas, 239-241, 240n30, 244, 248, 252, 253 R Raids {reidi), 134 Railway Monchegorsk-Apatity (railway-line to Kolmiavr lithium site), 160 Murmansk-St. Peterburg railway line, 104 trans-peninsular railway ( NKVD Project 509), 137 Raion, 1, 9, 53,195, 310 Raion Party Committee (Raikom), 45,196,275,278,286 Rangifer tarandus, 102 Rasmussen (on ten brigades in ‘Tundra’), 38 Recipes
(for avoiding a post-sovkhoist apocalypse) ‘elimination of alien evil’ recipes, 286,288 ‘ethic revival’ recipes, 286, 288 ‘return of supreme intervention’ recipes, 286 Recruitment problems with, 68,192 of reindeer herders, 162, 191 Red Book
INDEX Red Book of Murmansk Region, 85, 92,95, 111,289,314 Red Book of the Russian Federation, 85, 102 ‘Red Trackers’ ( ‘Krasnye sledopyty'), 69 Regionals, 95, 114, 115, 118, 121-123, 126, 127, 131-133,135 Register (discursive) analytical register, 33-35 central bureaucratic register, 31 discursively ‘sayable’ register, 114,115 local bureaucratic register, 31 stylistic register, 31 vernacular register, 31 ‘Regulated territory’ (for ‘Arctic Hectare’ plots), 212 Reindeer female reindeer (vazhenka), 189, 280, 284 fence, 55,121, 122,130, 189, 269, 281 ‘individual reindeer’ {individual’nye oient), 32, 188, 203, 205 January reindeer, 37 March reindeer, 37 ‘paper reindeer’ (bumazhnye oleni), 42, 197 personal reindeer (lichnye oleni), 31, 32,188,189,203,205 private-in-the-collective reindeer, 15,30,33,34,58 semi-domesticated reindeer, 16, 94,116, 132,134,183, 185, 187 ‘truly private’ reindeer, 187,194, 201, 201nll,203,211,229, 230,232,233,262 unmarked reindeer, 208, 284 whole-eared reindeer (tseloushnye oleni), 278,281,282,284 Reindeer fragment, 130 365 designated for harvesting (zaboinii kusok), 189 Reindeer husbandry absence of reindeer husbandry specialists, 196 campaign (olenevodcheskoe meropriiatie), 197, 272 ‘commuting’ reindeer husbandry, 57, 163, 165, 166, 183-295,307 divining the future of reindeer husbandry, 285 hyper-extensive reindeer husbandry, 163 ‘urban’ reindeer husbandry, 45, 53-62, 166,183-295 Reindeer meat, 21,42, 63, 66, 68, 214,215,217, 222, 227, 262, 266, 267, 287 market, 215 ‘Reindir’ (meat-processing facility), 267n44 Reizvikh, Andrei (regional oligarch, Head
ofSKhPKOJwnW), 58, 67, 87, 88,95,101,103,104, 112,123, 289 Rekreatsionnoe rybolovstvo, 234 Relocation (to Lovozero), 165 ‘Remote villages’ (Krasnoshchel'ie, Kanevka, Sosnovka, otdalennye poselki, otdalenka), 56, 268 Report budget reports, 19, 26, 28 of the Federal State Statistical Service for Murmansk Region (Murmanskstat), 17 Residence, 52, 55, 57, 59, 90, 122, 138n53,139,165,206, 209, 235, 238, 244, 268, 271 Resource non-renewable resources, 52 renewable resources, 53, 79, 82, 114, 123,126, 227, 242
366 INDEX Responsible users (of tundra resources), 114 Revda (town), 18, 20, 21, 61, 72, 81, 99,100,113,137, 149,164, 165,195n7, 213, 216, 217, 238, 255,256,257n39, 261,265, 265n41, 266, 271, 272, 290, 296, 307 Municipal Formation Town Settlement of Revda (Munitsipal'noe obrazovanie gorodskoe poselenie Revda), 18n9 Revdozero (Lake), 216, 256 Rhetoric anti-Western rhetoric, 112 Rhetorical device, 285 trope, 285 Riazanova, Tat’ana (journalist, MV), 115,131,132 interview with Startsev, 131 interview with Strakhov, 131 interview with Vostriakov, 115 Ries, Nancy (on ‘litanies and laments’), 136, 139 Rifles, 119 Rights, 5, 20, 59, 62, 73, 74nl2, 79, 81, 82, 84-91, 95, 99,101, 107, 114-116,119, 123,125,128, 132,140,143,147, 148,154, 158,160,163,164,189,193, 204, 212, 215, 224-226, 231, 232, 235, 238, 241, 242, 249-251, 254, 255, 264, 274,278 herders’ fishing rights, 257-259 Rikkinen, Kalevi (On fire-wood for Sami households), 268 Rippas, Boris (On Sami auxiliary services for Pomor sea-fishing teams), 268 Road, 270 part of Murmansk Region, 272 Roadless, 82,162,213, 270 of forest-tundra, 162 of Lovozero Raion, 213 part of the Murmansk Region, 82 to SE of Lovozero, 270 Roadlessness, 141, 279 Robinson and Kassam (On Sami reindeer husbandry during perestroika), 5,193 Rosatom, 157 ‘Rosatom’ (state corporation), 137, 156,157 ‘Rostekh’ (state corporation), 146, 149-153,155,161 Round-up, 37,45, 57, 60, 133, 208, 209, 238, 275, 276, 281,282, 284,308 Rovaniemi (city), viii, 149 ROVD, 72, 98 Rozonov, A.S. (on Sami being primarily fishermen), 60, 242 Rut period, 58 Ruusalep, D.A. (Minister of
Natural Resources and Ecology of Murmansk Region), 96,101,115 Rybachii Peninsula, 9,41 reindeer husbandry on Rybachii Peninsula, 9 Rybolovnii turizm, 234 S Saamskii Skhod, 237 Salaried time, 262, 263 of active brigade members, 263 Salmon angling, 52, 73-135, 211 angling and fishing camps, 73, 111, 147, 232, 233, 256 Atlantic salmon, 314
INDEX fishing, 81,96, 238,251 fishing/hunting ventures, 84, 96 net fishing, 249 rivers, 79 runs (June), 73 salmon-fishing licenses^/nciT/), 238 wild-salmon angling, 52, 73 Salmon-angling and hunting camps, 52,73-135 Sami Day International Sami Day (6 Feb.), 255 “Sami Fairy-Tale’ (ethnographic complex), 25 Sami, Saami Assembly ( ‘Sam’ Sobbar3), 154, 155 émigré Russian Sami opposition, 168 4th Sami Congress (Nov. 2018), 238 Indigenous Numerically-Small People Sami (Korennoi malochislennyi narod Saami, KMNS), 236, 239, 241,253 International Sami Day (6 Febr), 255 Sami capital of Murmansk Region, 18 Sami Council, 167, 231, 247 ‘Sami gathering’ (meeting), 237 (see also Saamskii Skhod; Sarnep mine baiias) Sami heroes (of the Afghan War), 237 Sami indigenous people, 114, 203, 233,239 Sami village ( ‘Sam’ ‘Siyt,’ obshchina), 36,138,158,167, 225,227,249n36 ‘Sami Youth Generation’ (‘Sam’ nurr puldegk,3 obshchina), 240n30 367 Western Sami organizations, 166 ‘Sam’ Sobbar (Sami Assembly) abolishing of ‘Sam’ Sobbar (Dec. ’22), 154 Sarnep mine baiias, 237 Sashenkova, Liudmila (journalist, On harvested reindeer in ‘Tundra3), 267 Savirskii, Yurii (On sovkhoz vs. personal/private reindeer), 205nl2 ‘Sawing ofP (‘taking a cut,’ ‘otpylivanie3), 36, 44 ‘Sayable’ (discourse), 159 cover narratives, 102 Scheller, Elisabeth, 154, 231 on preservation of Kola Sami language, 231 on ‘silent Sami majority,’ 154 School (adj.), 294 School (n.), 69,198, 216, 294 Scott, James, 4, 74,112,119, 187,191 on ‘hidden transcripts,’ 112, 187 on ‘silent resistance,’ 191 Security, 146,184,193, 204, 294 Sedentarization,
56, 279 Selective de-centralization, 2, 13-17,23,51,187,194,215, 280,311 Selin, A. (former Vice-Governor of Murmansk Region), 146 Selivestrova and Molodtsova (journalists, KP, on Kovtun re. Munozero tragedy), 76, 78 Sel’skokhoziaistvenniy Proizvidstvenniy Kooperativ Olenevodchesko-Promislovoe Khoziaistvo Malochislennykh Narodov Severa (SKhPK OPKh MNS), 33, 200n9, 202, 222, 225 ‘Olenevod,’ 222, 225
368 INDEX ‘Shest’ sotok (600 sq.m.), 207 Sel’skokhozyaystvennyy proizvodstvennyy kooperativ Shestak, Aleksandr (former Head Lovozero Raion, Deputy in (SKhPK), 16, 16n6, 18, 28-30, Regional Duma), 88, 90-92, 94, 32,34, 35, 38n26, 40,41,55, 95, 110, 112, 123, 255,265n41 86,88,90,91,95, 107, 109, on political significance of Red 118, 128,140, 144-146,185, Book, 91,94,107 200n9, 202, 205, 216, 221,224, Shirmer, Ol’ga (journalist LP, on 225, 228, 238, 240n30, 266, Komi protests against fishing 266n42, 267, 267n43, 273, 279, privileges for KMNS), 62, 288,314 121,249 ‘Tundra; 16, 18, 32, 34,40, 41, 55, 86,91,107,118,144-146, Shlapentokh, Vladimir (On contemporary Russia as a feudal 202,216, 221,228,238, 240n30, 266, 266n42, 267, society), 4, 280 Shtockmann (Off-shore Gas 267n43, 273, 279, 314 deposits), 156 Sem’ostrov’ie (corral enclosure), 39 Siberia, viii, 4, 234, 243, 269 Semiotic ‘Side’/‘Wing’ (of ‘Tundra1 communal semiotic resignation, 191 grazing range) phenomenon, 191 Left ‘Side’/‘Wing’ (levaia storona/ resignation, 191,192, 205 krylo), 274 Sentiments Right ‘Side’/‘Wing’ {pravaia pro-Soviet sentiments, 5 storona/krylo), 274 pro-sovkhoz sentiments, 211, 273 Sikir (Lake), 256 Serebrianka (river), 138 ‘Silent resistance’ (Scott), 191 Serebrianskoe ‘Simple language’ (prostorech’e), highway, 140 198, 199 Hydro-electrical Complex, 137,145 Skomorokhov, Sergei (former ViceReservoirs, 138 Governor of Murmansk Shachin, Viacheslav, 214, 259 Region), 75, 79 (on ‘Arctic Hectare’), 22, 165, 210, Slave master, 103 211,213,216,218,259,310 ‘Slaves’ (rabi), 285 Shantambal (Krasnoshchel’ie,
Smirnov, Aleksei (Regional Minister of obshchina), 225 Natural Resources and Share (pai), 200 Ecology), 75, 78 fund (paevoi fond), 200 Smirnov, Sergei (businessman, Shebut, Galina (Head of Village Monchegorsk), 86, 87, 91, Settlement Administration, 129,158 journalist, LP), 90, 96,109, 112, Snowmobile 155,156 on BZRK Affair, 23,106 ‘foreign snowmobile revolution,’ 46 changing migrational on Fedorova Tundra directionality, 276 Project, 148-150
INDEX revolution, 46 Soviet-made snowmobile ("Витап"), 46 Social downgrading (of herders), 264 Socialism command socialism, 191, 194 post-socialism, 3 Society, 258 Voluntary Society for Assistance of the Army, Air Force, and Navy of Russia (Dobrovol’noe obshchestvo sodeistviia armii, aviatsii iflota Rossii) (see also DOSAAF (DOSAAF Rossii)) Soiuz veteranov, 90 Soloshenko, V.V. (legal advisor of BEZRK), 88, 96 Solovetskii Monastery (GULAG camp, Solovetskii Monastir, Solovki), 52 Sosnovka (village), 10n2,18, 38, 42, 55-57, 59, 64,104,123,155, 213,238,268, 268n45, 270, 271,307 Sovet deputatov, 24,113, 210 Sovet veteranov, 210 Soviet of Deputies, 45,113, 210 (see also Sovet deputatov) Sami Soviets, 155 of Veterans, 210, 276, 282 (see also Sovet veteranov) Soviet (adj.) ‘meta soviet,’ 20, 83, 84,169, 209, 309,311 Navy, 63 Soviet Union, viii, 2, 5, 18, 21, 52nl, 73,84, 114, 184,217, 273 'Revda, a little SU,’ 21, 217, 292 Sovinaia (river), 84, 91, 109, 110 Sovkhoism vs. capitalism, 84,162, 211, 233, 236,260 369 ‘uncontrolled sovkhoism ,’ 163n71 Sovkhoist, 4, 5, 61, 126, 169, 184, 187, 192-195,211,220, 233,242,259,260, 264, 266,285,287, 290, 291, 309,311 nti-sovkhoist, 61 Sovkhoz, 54, 128, 129, 200, 308 Sovkhoz (adj.) bread, 266, 267 milk, 266, 266n42, 267 Sovkina, Valentina (Sami activist, émigré Sami opposition leader), 154, 168,169 ‘SPARK Avia’ (helicopter company), 76 Special military operation, vii, 157, 166,253,292 ‘Special military operation’ See also SVO (spetsial’naia voennaia operatsiia) Sportyvnoe rybolovstvo, 234 Ssorin-Chaikov, Nikolai (on ‘endless deferral’), 4, 156
Stalin death and Project No 509,136, 137,141, 160 mass collectivization, 51, 280 Stalinist period, 51 Startsev, Viktor (Head of SkhPK Tundra”), 86,118,119, 121-123, 127-129,131, 161,288 Statistical Office of Murmansk Region, 37 See also Murmanskstat Statistics raion statistics, 18-34, 61, 265 regional statistics, 18-34, 42,185 reindeer husbandry statistics, 9^47, 162, 185
370 INDEX company (Krasnoshchel'ie hopeful Stepchenko (Vice-Director of Regional Development of the St Peterburg deal), 144 Institute of Forestry meat-processing company, 46 {see also ‘Norfrys’ (reindeer-meat Management, 78 Stigmatization (of herders), 264 processing company) Symbolism Stock-breeding, 12, 20, 26, 202, 204 production {proizvodstvo produktsii ‘cover symbolism,’ 102, 108 zhivotnovodstva), 11 tactical symbolism, 103 Strakhov, Valerii (Deputy Regional Synonymous, 204, 230 Duma), 131 Synonymy, 230 Strategy, vii, 101, 118,169, 191,214, Syroechkovskii, Evgenii (On wild 253,285,310 reindeer), 9nl, 93 of Raion development, 24 Syrota, Vladimir (former Head of ‘Tundra' former Head of ‘Students’ herd’ {uchebnoe stado), 122 Subsidy Reindeer-Husbandry in ‘OlenevodT), 58,118 committee for granting and episode, 59 distribution of subsidy, System, 1-3,11, 40, 43-45, 52, 54, 245n33, 246 for cooperatives, 35, 42,45,198, 55,61,68,71,80, 84,103,111 230, 263 121-124,126, 128,130, 132, 138, 162,163, 184,187,190, federal subsidy, 42, 61, 209, 218,309 191, 194,196-199, 204, 210, for KMNS, 245n34, 264, 265 229, 230, 253, 287, 288, 308 electric grid system, 59,141, 272 for obshchiny, 230, 245, 245n34, 246,264, 265 per head (of reindeer), 35,42,124, 198,230 regional subsidy, 42, 45, 61, 127, Taboo 209,218, 309 and euphemism, 285 self-tabooing, 285 ‘Subsidy budget’ (dotatsionnyi biudzhet), 209 Tax income tax, 10 Sukhoi Log (gold deposits site, Irkutsk Region), 150 income tax transfers, 25 Super-addressee, 287 Tax-office {nalogovaia inspektsiia), 10 ‘Svoikh ne brosaem’ (‘We do not let
Team, 17, 57, 68, 107,127n49,131, down our people’), 166 140, 148,158, 158n69, 231, SVO (spetsiaPnaia voennaia 251, 262, 268, 272, 278, 282, operatsiia), 166-169, 218, 307, 308 292, 313 herding team, 20, 57, 58, 62, 71, Sweden, viii, 144, 167, 168, 117, 119, 134,148, 188,190, 233, 247 229, 240n30, 262, 264, 270, Swedish 272, 273, 307
INDEX Tennberg, Monica (On the Barents Region), 184n2 Teriberka (Liquified Gas Plant), 156 Teriberka (village), 140,141,141n54 Territorial land-use, 82 territorial-neighbourhood communities (territorial’nososedskie obshchiny, TSO), 185,226-229 Territory for agricultural use, 116 Forestry Fund territory, 80 of Municipal Formation, 16, 81 Protected and Special Regime territories, 80 Raion territory, 21 reindeer husbandry territory, 15, 87, 106,116,137,161-166, 281 remote territory, 110 special regime territories, 80 ‘Tundra’s’ territory, 38, 71 Terskii Raion, 74nl2, 79, 82, 92, 93,102 Text, 10, 15,16,18, 24, 26, 31, 34, 35, 40, 43, 86, 127n49,128, 139,140, 167, 189,193,223, 236,286,291,295 meta-text, 136 Theft ‘culture of theft’ (Herzfeld), 4 ‘institutionalized theft’ (Creed), 4,191 from a private person vs. from the cooperative (Humphrey), 125 in a reindeer husbandry culture (Paine), 124n47 Threshold (of top-power interests) above the threshold, 53,169, 216,242 below the threshold, 83, 111, 149, 241,279 371 level, 83, 111 peripheral threshold, 83, 136, 145,151 of peripherality/peripherality threshold, 53, 71,83,118, 136, 142, 149, 162, 169,216, 253, 309 ‘under-the-threshold,’ 83, 118, 136, 145, 162, 253, 309 Tiukavin, Aleksei (Μ. Kovtun’s closest associate and ViceGovernor), 95 Tkachev, Valerii (journalist, editor LP), 20,21,25,38,58,95,96, 100, 105, 106,108,109, 115, 157, 159,161,195, 197, 274-276, 283,286 on BZRK Hunting Club Affair, 85, 95-96,100,106, 108-109, 115 on Chibis-Lovozero Raion meetings, 20 on Chibis-Vassilevskii meeting, 20 on counting at Lovozero Corral, 275
on counting at Polmos Corral, 283 interview with Sazon Niurov, 274, 276, 286 on lithium mining project, 156 on number of brigades, 38, 275, 276 on sovkhoz milk, 266n40 on strategies for Raion development, 24 on wild reindeer controversy, 95,115 ‘To Live in the North!’ (Na Severe zhitT), 22,165 Toporozero (Lake), 134 ‘Total social institution’ (Humphrey, Anderson), 54,184, 274
372 INDEX Tourism exclusive tourism, 53, 59, 71, 83 fishing tourism, 234, 265 hunting tourism, 52, 59, 88, 135 late 19 c. tourism, 268 salmon angling tourism, 52, 77 vs. herders, 52 tundra tourism, 52, 53, 71, 211,225 Town one-mine town ( monogorod), 52, 233,307 town-forming enterprises (jyradoobrazuyushchie predpriyatiya), 10n2,18-20, 36n23, 54,155, 209, 216, 218 Tradition, 3,155,162,165, 252, 255, 264, 294, 295 Traditional fishing practices, 231, 235 forms ofland-use, 90,156, 201, 210, 222,226, 227,251 Traditionality, 74, 227, 234-236, 242, 243, 252, 254, 256 ‘calibration’ of traditionality, 234 Traditsionnoe rybolovstvo, 234 ‘Tragedy of the commons’ (Hardin), 126, 284, 288,310 community avoidance of tragedy, 288 Troops Border Guard troops, 113 commando troops Lovozero training, 69 Trope Cold War tropes, 70 rhetorical trope, 285 ‘Truly private’ property, 187, 192, 193, 208 reindeer, 30, 34,187, 192 reindeer husbandry, 34,126, 202, 203,207, 208,211,214, 230, 232, 233 Tsar’ Gorodok, 62, 72 TSO (territorial-neighbourhood obshchina), 226-229 Tumannii (village), 140 Tundra ‘open tundra’(otkrytaia tundra, lisaia tundra), 59,162,163, 259,280 Bol’shezemelskaia Tundra, 231 tundra-camp, 45, 52, 57, 67,163, 196, 263 tundra-connected community, 53, 83, 88,114, 120, 284 tundra-dependent community, 143,162 tundra-hut (domik), 58 Tundra1 (reindeer husbandry cooperative, SKhPK) director, directors of Tundra,’, 86, 278, 279 organizational structure of Tundra,’, 193 Reindeer Husbandry Department of Tundra’, 274, 280 Tundra villages, 10n2,18, 38, 55-57, 59,123,138, 138n52, 213, 221, 249,
268n45, 270, 272, 279, 295,307 liquidation of tundra vs., 56, 59, 138n52,221,270, 279 Two-tier model of governance, 309, 310 U Ukraine invasion of Ukraine, 5, 22,46,112, 166, 198,215,313 war in Ukraine, vii, viii, 1, 22, 24, 46, 47,158,166,169, 231, 253, 292, 309, 314 Ukrainians, 24, 154, 215, 216 ethnic Ukrainians, 24, 215
INDEX United Nations, 168,169 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues at the U.N. (Sovkina elected in), 168 Unsayability, 22, 190, 198, 205 ‘Unsayable’ (discourse), 95, 99,107, 110, 114, 115,117,119, 124, 126,127,141, 199,205,236, 241,252,254,284,289 Urochishte Kolmiavr (Landmark Kolmiavr), 158 Ustinova, Ekaterina (Archival OfficeLovozero), 138 UVD (Police Department, Upravlenie Vnutrennykh Del), 67 V Vsovremennykh realiiakh’ (Sechko on SVO), 47 Vaccination (of reindeer), 37 Vacuity, 192 referential vacuity, 192 Valamina (old-timer, on food-supplies in Ostrovnoi), 64, 66 Varzuga (river), 74nl2 Vassilevskii, Evgenii (Director Lovozero GOK), 20 Vatonena, Liubov (Sami entrepreneur and politician), 63, 70, 139 Vehicle, 39, 45, 46, 68, 130, 134, 257, 261, 262, 270, 272-274, 307, 308 all-purpose track vehicle {vezdekhod), 39 Verenikin (Head of the Department of Forestry Management of the NW Federal Okrug), 78 Verifier of private reindeer {schetchik chastnoyo poyolovia), 189, 282 373 ‘Vertikal’ vlasti (vertical of power), 2, 4,13, 51, 111, 113, 117, 118, 142,254 Vet, 19, 57, 221,224,274 vet-technician {zootekhnik), 19, 57, 221,224, 274, 282 Veterans Club of Veterans {Klub veteranov), 113 Council of Veterans {Sovet veteranov), 146n62, 210 Open Letter of the Council of Veterans, 192n4 Union ofVeterans {Soiuz veteranov), 90 Veterans of Labour {Veteran truda), 145, 222-224 Veterinary control, 23,189, 214, 216 Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Control ( Rossel’khoznadzor, Rossel’khoz), 23, 114,121,123,131,214 Vezdekhod (All-Purpose Track Vehicle) broken-down vezdekhods,
130, 277 со-driver (‘driver’s mate’, naparnik), 274 driver {vezdekhodchik), 273 freightvezdekhods, 160 private vezdekhods of ‘tundra boss,’ 278 repairs, 262 rusting away vezdekhods, 130 track, 273, 307 transporting fish/berries, 278 ‘Victimization’ Sami victimization, 70 by poaching/poachers, 118, 119, 140 ‘victimization of the Sami’ theme, 63
374 INDEX Village remote villages, 42n28, 56-59, 67, 99, 112, 123, 133, 155,213, 222, 233-235, 238, 254, 268, 271,272 tundra villages, 10n2, 18, 38, 55, 57, 59,123,138,138n52, 213,221,249, 268n45, 270, 272, 279, 295, 307 VillageSettlement (Municipal Administration), 210 Village Settlement, sel’skoe poselenie, 155,210 Visibilities, 14, 25, 62, 74, 168, 219 post-Soviet visibilities, 62 Vision panopticon vission, 279 restricted vission, 279 VK ( VKontakte, e-forum), 64, 67, 167,169n74 Vladimirova, Vladislava, 5, 158, 184, 197, 220, 273 on indigeneity in the city, 5 on share fund, 200 on socialist competition, 197 ‘Voavshess’ (Northern Lights, obshchina), 36, 225, 227, 230 Volkova, Evgeniia (journalist, Rossiiskaia Gazeta, on Sami fishing rights), 235 Volkov (Vice-Director of ООО Luga-les- a Peterburg Forestry Management company), 78 Vorga (ice/snow tundra road), 270 See also Koarrdegk Sijjt, Voroninskii Pogost ‘Voronia Minerals’ (mining-processing company), 137, 141,144, 145, 148,149 See also Open Joint Stock Company (ОАО) Voronia (village), 138 Voronin, Aleksei (on pre-Soviet cooperatives), 199n8 Voroninskii Pogost, 138 Vostriakov, K. (Head of Hunting Control), 110n38,115,133, 135 ‘Vpered’ (kolkhoz), 37 VPK ( Voenno-promishlenii kompleks, Military-Industrial Complex), 62, 71,73,113, 165,310 Vylegzhanin, Alexander (on the Barents Region), 184n2 W Wagner Group, 98, 311 Wagner Group Private Military Company (PMC), 311 War, vii, viii, 1, 4, 22, 24, 46, 47, 51, 68, 83,158, 166-169, 215, 231,253, 261,292, 309,313-315 Russian-Ukrainian War, 2, 166 Warden (of reindeer-herding camp,
storozhi), 268 Waterproof clothing (for herders through barter with the military, khim-dim), 68 Wealth, 287 ‘Weapons of the weak’ (Scott), 74 Well-being, 162, 204, 230, 291 Whitaker, Ian (on hyperextensivity), 55n2 White Sea Coast, 251 Cooperative ‘Belomorskii Rybak; 103 fishing (in connection with Reizvikh properties), 103 Pomors of the White Sea Coast (19 c. fishing), 251
INDEX Wild reindeer controversy, 23, 53, 54, 56, 59, 84, 92,93,113,115,118,122, 130, 136, 142,253,289 eastern population of wild reindeer, 102, 102n36, 106 forest sub-species of wild reindeer (lesnoi podvid dikogo olenia), 121 western population of wild reindeer, 92,102n36 Wild-berry picking, 262 ‘Wildoes’ (wild reindeer, dikari), 121 Will, 19, 294 political will, 10,13, 35,142 ‘Wing’ (of iTundra1) ‘Left Wing, 38, 62, 71, 140, 145, 157, 221,275, 278,281,310 ‘Right Wing, 24, 38, 58, 71, 86, 129, 145, 148, 157, 158, 160, 161,201nll,221,275,281, 310, 313, 314 Winter track counting (WTC, Zimnii marshrutnyi uchet), 104-106,108 Work history (for determining shares), 200 Yakutsk (4th Congress of Reindeer Herders, 2017), 14 Yamal, 96n32,116n39,126 Yokubauskas, V.V. (Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of Murmansk Region), 96, 97 Yushkov, Iakov (Sami activist, on use-of-nets controversy), 251 375 Yuzhakov, Alexander (on sovkhoism in Yamal-Nenets O), 15 Z ‘Z’ sign (SVO), 166 ‘Z on guitar’ scandal (I. Matrekhin), 166 Zabolotskii, Oleg (Head of the Regional Committee for Fishing, on fishing quota scandal of 2011), 247 Zadornaia, Galina (journalist Lovozerskaia Pravda), 98, 102, 154, 155, 168,235,293 on netting ban for KMNS, 235 on Sovkina elected in UN Indigenous Forum, 168 Zaikov, Konstantin and Tat’ana Troshina (on Skolt Sami fishing), 251,269 Zakreplennykh okhotnychykh ugodii, 105 ZAO (Closed share-holding companies), 203, 238n28 ZATO (CATF, Zakrytoe administratyvno-territoriaPnoe obrazovanie), 64, 64n6, 66 Zones border zones, 82 of cultural heritage, 82 with controlled
regime for visiting of foreign citizens, 82 with ‘special conditions for the use of the territory,’ 82 Zuev, Sergei (on NAO ‘success story’), 5, 15,116n39 Bayerische , Staatsbibliothek München I |
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| author | Konstantinov, Yulian 1946- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)104193085 |
| author_facet | Konstantinov, Yulian 1946- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Konstantinov, Yulian 1946- |
| author_variant | y k yk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049528198 |
| classification_tum | SOZ 000 |
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| dewey-full | 306 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 306 - Culture and institutions |
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| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie |
| era | Geschichte 1994- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1994- |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV049528198 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:26:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:09:49Z |
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| isbn | 9783031383052 |
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| physical | xix, 375 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
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| spelling | Konstantinov, Yulian 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)104193085 aut Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North Yulian Konstantinov Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2023] © 2023 xix, 375 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1994- gnd rswk-swf Political and Economic Anthropology Sociocultural Anthropology Russian, Soviet, and East European History European Politics Political anthropology Economic anthropology Ethnology Russia / History Europe, Eastern / History Soviet Union / History Europe / Politics and government Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd rswk-swf Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd rswk-swf Renhaltung (DE-588)4601311-8 gnd rswk-swf Sowchose (DE-588)4181896-9 gnd rswk-swf Lovozero Region (DE-588)7514643-5 gnd rswk-swf Lovozero Region (DE-588)7514643-5 g Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 s Renhaltung (DE-588)4601311-8 s Sowchose (DE-588)4181896-9 s Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 s Geschichte 1994- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-031-38306-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Konstantinov, Yulian 1946- Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North Political and Economic Anthropology Sociocultural Anthropology Russian, Soviet, and East European History European Politics Political anthropology Economic anthropology Ethnology Russia / History Europe, Eastern / History Soviet Union / History Europe / Politics and government Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Renhaltung (DE-588)4601311-8 gnd Sowchose (DE-588)4181896-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074020-1 (DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4601311-8 (DE-588)4181896-9 (DE-588)7514643-5 |
| title | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North |
| title_auth | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North |
| title_exact_search | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North |
| title_full | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North Yulian Konstantinov |
| title_fullStr | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North Yulian Konstantinov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North Yulian Konstantinov |
| title_short | Power and the people |
| title_sort | power and the people the state and peripheral communities in the russian far north |
| title_sub | the state and peripheral communities in the Russian Far North |
| topic | Political and Economic Anthropology Sociocultural Anthropology Russian, Soviet, and East European History European Politics Political anthropology Economic anthropology Ethnology Russia / History Europe, Eastern / History Soviet Union / History Europe / Politics and government Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Renhaltung (DE-588)4601311-8 gnd Sowchose (DE-588)4181896-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political and Economic Anthropology Sociocultural Anthropology Russian, Soviet, and East European History European Politics Political anthropology Economic anthropology Ethnology Russia / History Europe, Eastern / History Soviet Union / History Europe / Politics and government Samen Volk Staat Renhaltung Sowchose Lovozero Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034873918&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT konstantinovyulian powerandthepeoplethestateandperipheralcommunitiesintherussianfarnorth |