Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sarajevo
FMC Svjetlo riječi
2022.
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 200-201 |
| Beschreibung: | 207 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789958240973 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804186340698357760 |
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| adam_txt |
Sadržaj Zelengorsko Crno jezero.12 Bijelo jezero naZelengori. 16 Donje i Gornje bare na Zelengori. 19 Orlovačko jezero. 21 JUGOVO JEZERO. 23 KOTLANIČKO JEZERO. 24 Štirinsko jezero. 28 Kladopoljsko jezero. 31 Jagodnje jezero. 34 Uloško jezero. 36 Veleško jezero. 40 Boračko jezero. 44 Biogradsko jezero. 48 Dabarsko jezero. 52 Fatničko jezero. 56 Jezera Hutova blata. 60 Jezero Škrka. 62 Jezero
Jelim.64 Drijen i Orah. 65 DERANSKO JEZERO. 66 Svitavsko jezero. 67 Jezero Krenica. 68 Veliko Treskavičko jezero.70 Platno jezero. 74 Bijelo jezero. 76 Gvozno jezero. 77 8
Crno jezero.79 Blatačko jezero ili jezero Blaca.80 Lokvanjsko jezero. 83 Kalaji jezero. 86 Aljinovačka bara. 88 PROKOŠKO JEZERO. 91 Vraničko jezero. 96 Jezero Vitreuša. 97 Jezero Vagan. 97 Jezero Stipnica. 98 Gornjovrbaska jezera. 99 Hađino ili Hadžića jezero.101 Pasije ili Malo jezero. 102 PIJAVIČKO JEZERO. 103 KALEMOVO
JEZERO. 104 VOLJEVAČKO JEZERO. 104 MRAČAJSKO jezero. 105 Blidinje jezero. 106 Malo jezero u Masnoj luci. 110 Jezero Crvenjak. 111 Jezero Idovac. 112 VOLJICKO JEZERO. 114 Kukavičko jezero. 115 Rastičevsko jezero. 118 Jezero Turjača. 120 Kučko jezero. 122 9
Jezero Mali i Veliki Ždralovac s jezerom Ponor. 123 Rujansko jezero. 130 Jezero u Livanjskom polju. 131 Jezerina. 132 Glamočko jezero. 133 JEZERAC. 135 Bukvensko JEZERO. 135 Kriva Jaruga. 136 KUTLEŠKO JEZERO. 136 Hasiča bara.137 Jezero Hrast.138 Šatorsko jezero.139 Pečensko jezero.142 Veliko Plivsko jezero. 144 Malo Plivsko jezero. 147 Veliki Đol. 149 MaliĐol.151 Vejo
jezero. 152 Oličko jezero. 153 Šivićevo jezero. 154 Jezero Jabukovac.156 Korčaničko jezero. 157 Saničko jezero. 157 Jezero u Jezeru. 158 Paučko jezero. 160 Humačko jezero. 162 10
Bara Gromiželj.164 Jezero Pelagićevo. 167 Jezero Žabar. 169 Jekića jezero. 171 Babica bara. 173 BaraBusača. 175 Jezero Tolisa kod Boka.176 Velika i Mala Tišina. 178 Bara Tišina u Domaljevcu. 182 Bara Bazik.183 Korničkabara. 183 Prudska Staraca. 184 Staraca Derventa. 187 Bara Laktaši na Vrbasu. 189 Bara Martinci. 191 Bara Nožici.193 Srbačke bare.195 Bare Bardače. 196 Bara
Stublaja. 199 Literatura. 200 Sažetak. 202 Bilješka о autoru. 206 11
Literatura Adamič Μ., Rapaić Ž., Popović Z., Kunovac S., Koprivica К., Soldo V., Markovic B., Maunaga R., Mićević Μ., Ilić V. 2006: Ugrožene vrste divljači u BiH. PROJEKAT RAZVOJA I ZAŠTITE ŠUMA Studi ja „Ugrožene vrste divljači u Bosni i Hercegovini". Anonimus 2014: Eko-turizam u Livanjskom polju i okolici. GEF - UNDP, Sarajevo. Balkan D. 2017: Zemlja planina - Bosna i Hercegovina. Svjetlo riječi, Sarajevo (Str. 1-235]. Balkan D. 2018: Polja i visoravni Bosne i Her cegovine. Svjetlo riječi, Sarajevo (Str. 1-232). Balkan D. 2020: Rijeke Bosne i Hercegovine. Svjetlo riječi, Sarajevo (Str. 1-367). Benac A., Babić Ž., Bogičević Μ., Čamo E., Horozić E., Hukić R., Kojović V, Tomašević N., Uze lac Μ. (ed.) 1984: Bosna i Hercegovina. Svjetlost Sarajevo - Jugoslovenska revija Beograd. Benac A., Basler Đ., Čović B., Pašalić E., Miletić N., Anđelić P. 1966: Kulturna istorija Bosne i Herce govine od najstarijih vremena do pada ovih zema lja pod osmansku vlast. Veselin Masleša Sarajevo. Bjelčić Ž., Šilić Č., Lakušić R., Kutleša Lj., Mišić Lj., Grgić P. 1969: Neke rijetke i interesantne vr ste biljaka sa područja planina Maglica, Volujka i Zelengore. Posebna izdanja Odjeljenja prirod nih i matematičkih nauka ANUBiH - Osnovne prirodne karakteristike, flora i vegetacija Nacio nalnog parka „Sutjeska”, knjiga 3:91-106. Čehić Μ. 2020: Planinska jezera na Vranići i Raduši - gorske oči koje nestaju. Naše šume, 58-59:43-48. Čehić, Μ. 2019: Jezera na području Općine Gornji Vakuf/Uskoplje; Voda i mi, br. 101, str. 41-46. Čehić, Μ., 2017: Ždrimačka jezera i Ždrimački slap - Biseri u
okolnom pejzažu, Naše šume, God. XVI, br. 46-47,str. 50-56. Dekić, R., Lolić, S., Gnjato, O., Gnjato, S. Stanojević, Μ. (2016). Black Lake of the Zelengora Mountain - Sustainability Problems. Herald, 20, 97-110. 200 Dekić, R., Stanojević, Μ. Lolić, S., Narančić В., Gnjato, 0., Gnjato, S. (2016). Orlovačko Lake Woter Quality and Sustainability Issues. Herald, 24,91-106. Draganović К., Karaman Lj., Knezović 0., Lu kas Е, Mandić Μ., Mayer A., Mikolji V, Perojević Μ., Rendeo L, Šišić E, Tentor Μ., Truheljka Ć., Va nino Μ. Vrana V. 1991: Povijest Bosne i Herce govine od najstarijih vremena do godine 1463. HKD Napredak Sarajevo. Drešković N., Dug S., Stupar V, Hamzić A., Lelo S., Muratović E., Lukić-Bilela L, Brujić J., Milanović Đ., Kotrošan D. 2011. Natura 2000 Bosna i Hercegovina. Centar za okolišno održivi razvoj, Sarajevo: 456 str. Ekotim 2015: http://ekotim.net/bs/novosti/otpad/167- uspjesno-okoncana-akcija-ciscenja-pijavickog-jezera, datum pristupanja (on line 18. 7.2015.) Institut za građevinarstvo „IG" d.o.o. Banja Luka 2015: Izmjena i dopuna prostornog plana Općine Gornji Vakuf/Uskoplje (2015. - 2020.) Kotrošan D., Lelo S., Kašić-Lelo Μ., Mulaomerović J., Dervović L, Kulijer D., Selimović Μ., Iviš D. 2010: Ptice Kantona Sarajevo. Ornitološko društvo „Naše ptice", Sarajevo. Kotrošan D., Sarajlić N., Topic G., Radoš D., Topic В., Šparac Μ. 2018: Priručnik za edukaciju turističkih vodiča za promatranje ptica na kraš kim poljima Bosne i Hercegovine. Ornitološko društvo Naše ptice, Sarajevo-Tomislavgrad. Lolić S., Dekić R., Gnjato R., Gnjato S., Gnjato 0., Stanojević Μ.
Kvalitet vode Borilovačkog je zera na Zelengori. Lovrenović D. 2008: Stećci - bosansko i hum sko mramorje srednjeg vijeka. Rabic, Sarajevo. Milanović Đ., Brujić J., Dug S., Muratović E., Lukić Bilela L. 2015: Natura 2000: Vodič kroz ti pove staništa BiH prema Direktivi о staništima EU. Prospect C S s.a. Rue du Prince Royal 83, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Miljević I. Prostorne karakteristike istraživa nog područja. In: Biodiverzitet jezera Nacional nog parka Sutjeska i značaj njihovog održivog upravljanja. 1-123. Mišić Lj. 1984: Vegetacija livada i pašnjaka na planini Treskavici. Prirodno-matematički fa kultet u Sarajevu, Doktorska disertacija, 311 str. Mišić Lj., Lakušić R. 1990: Livadske biljke. IP Svjetlost - Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sred stva, Sarajevo - Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd. NEAP 2016: http://www.mvteo.gov.ba/ org_struktura/sektor_prirodni_resursi/odjel_zastitaokolisa/Strategije_u_BiH/BiH/default. aspx?id=23 24 langTag=bs-BA (online: 6.9.2016.) Pavličević, J. 2014: Revizija ribarske osnove za ribolovno područje SBK/KSB, Agronomski i prehrambeno-tehnološki fakultet SM, Zavod za ribarstvo, zoologiju i zaštitu voda. Protić 1928: Jezera na Raduši i jezero na Dobruškoj Planini u Bosni, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja BiH, Sarajevo. Protić Đ. 1927. Hidrobiološke i plankton stu dije na jezerima Bosne i Hercegovine IV. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 39(1): 3-42. Protić Đ. 1928 a: Bara Velika Tišina. Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja XL, Sveska 1 (PN). Sarajevo, str. 1-38. Protić Đ. 1928 b: Bara Velika Tišina, hidrobiološka i plankton studija. Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja, Godina XL, Sv.l, Sarajevo. Protić, G., 1925. Hydrobiologische und Plan kton-Studien an Seen Bosniens und der Herce govina, Zweiter teil. GZM 36(1): 93-124.1 [Bo snian, with Germ, s.] Radoš D. 2017. Povijest nastanka Blidinjskog jezera (Bosna i Hercegovina). Geoadria 22/ 1:1-40. Redžić S., Barudanovic S., Trakic S.,
Kulijer D. 2011: Karst as an indicator for biodiversity richness and enedemo-relictness (Prenj - Čvrsnica - Čabulja Mts. in Herzegovina, W. Balkan). Acta Carstologica. Redžić S., Barudanovic, S., Radević Μ. (Ed.) 2008: Bosna i Hercegovina - zemlja raznoliko sti. Pregled i stanje biološke i pejzažne raznoli kosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Federalno ministar stvo okoliša i turizma BiH, Sarajevo. Riter-Studnička H. 1959. Kraška polja BiH kao reliktna staništa biljaka. Zaštita prirode, Sarajevo. SBK 2016: Plan zaštite okoliša za period 2015. - 2025. godina, http://www.senoworks. com/vlada/izvjestaj-o-stanju-okolisa.pdf (onli ne: 7.9.2016.) Sijenčić J. Sastav vrsta, brojnost i distribucija faune ptica močvarno-barskog kompleksa Tiši na i Odmut kod Šamca. Bilten mreže posmatrača ptica u Bosni i Hercegovini, str. 17-37. Sofradžija A., Muzaferović Š. 2007: Biodiverzi tet sisara Bosne i Hercegovine - katalog. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju, Sarajevo. Sofradžija A. 1999: Lovna divljač. SLO Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo. Spahić, Μ. 2001: Prirodna jezera Bosne i Hercegovine - limnološka monografija, Harfo-graf, Tuzla. Stefanović V. 1977: Fitocenologija sa pregle dom šumskih fitocenoza Jugoslavije. Zavod za udžbenike Sarajevo. Stefanović V.; Beus V.; Burlica Č.; Dizdarević H., Vukorep 1.1983: Ekološko vegetacijska rejonizacija Bosne i Hercegovine. Šumarski fakultet u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja: br. 17, Sarajevo. Temimović E., Spahić Μ., Jahić H. 2017: Mo untain lakes in National Park „Sutjeska” - Evo lutionary selfdevelopment, 6th Symposium for Research in
Protected Areas, pages 649-652. Variščić, A. 2012: „Zaštita prirode: Međuna rodni standardni i stanje u Bosni i Hercegovini”, Udruženje za zaštitu okolone, Zeleni Neretva. Vuković T. 1977: Ribe Bosne i Hercegovine - ključ za određivanje. IGKRO "Svjetlost" OOUR Zavod za udžbenike, Sarajevo. Zaštićeni objekti prirode: http://www.fmoit. gov. ba/ba/page/58/ostali-dokumenti (online: 4.7.2016.) 201
Sažetak Za Bosnu i Hercegovinu ne možemo reći da ima jezera kao u Finskoj, ali su naša prirodna jezera i bare specifične, kako po nastajanju tako i po flori i fauni, a neka su i izuzetne ljepote. Pored toga što čine naš život drukčijim, jezera često predstavlja ju izvore života u planinama, dok bare određuju pravce razvoja urbanih naselja. Planinska jezera nalazimo na velikim nadmorskim visinama i po vremeno u kraškim poljima, a bare uz velike rije ke. Kako su u pitanju manje površine koje jezera zauzimaju, ne igraju značajnu ulogu u topografiji, osim nekoliko povremenih jezera, ali će ona usko ro nebrigom ljudi nestati. Postoje pretpostavke da su naša prirodna jezera relativno mlada i da su u prosjeku nastala prije 9000 godina na kraju lede noga doba, te se po tome razlikuju od ostalih eu ropskih jezera. Do tih rezultata došlo se na temelju istraživanja apsolutne starostijezerskoga mulja. U ovoj monografiji mogu se prvi put pročitati neki osnovni podaci о pojedinim jezerima i bara ma, njihovoj morfologiji, poziciji i ekologiji te prak tične i osnovne znanstvene spoznaje о flori i fauni, a posebno о drveću ifauni u jezerima i barama, ali i njihovoj okolini. Ipak, srž ove knjige prilagođena je širem bosanskohercegovačkom krugu čitatelja koji žele proširiti saznanja о svojoj lijepoj domovini. U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji evidentirano čak 67,5 kilometara četvornih jezera, prirodnih i umjetnih, a najveće jezero koje je nama zanimljivo je Blidinje koje zauzima 0,12 % površine zemlje. U navedenu površinu nisu ubrojene bare od kojih će se neke prvi putpojaviti u ovoj
monografiji. Ako pak analiziramo raspored jezera, planinska su vezana za središnju Bosnu te jugoistočne dijelove naše ze mlje kao npr. uz Kuprešku visoravan. Periodična jezera su povezana za južne dijelove naše zemlje, odnosno kraška polja, kao i za jugozapadne dijelo ve. Nažalost, najmanjejezera nalazimo na područ ju Bosanske krajine. Što se tiče bara, one su vezane za Lijevče polje i Bosansku Posavinu te Semberiju. Specifikum su ovdje trajna jezera Hutova blata, smještena u močvari, na niskoj razini iznad mora, odnosno na samo 3,5 do5m nadmorske visine. Za razliku od toga, naša najljepša planinska jezera su na nadmorskim visinama iznad 1100 m. 202
Bosna i Hercegovina je nadaleko bila poznata po svojim čistim i netaknutim vodama te za većinu jezera možemo reći da im je voda čista, dok s ba rama to nije slučaj. Mnoga planinska jezera zauzela su velike pla ninske vrtače ili zaravni koje su nastale zadnjom glacijacijom, u mekanoj vapnenačkoj podlozi, osim onih na planini Vranići, a koji danas predstavljaju prave geološke dragulje koji plijene svojom spe cifičnom bojom vode. Na tim jezerima nemamo izravnih prijetnji njihovu nestanku, osim što kli matske promjene, uz smanjenje količine oborina, utječu na njihovo smanjivanje. Također, tu je i na vala planinara i izletnika, a osjetljivi ekosustavi tih jezera mogu primiti samo ograničen broj. Na taj način je najviše ugroženo Boračko jezero, dra gulj u podnožju Prenja. Također imamo s druge strane bare koje se jedna od druge razlikuju u boji i strukturi vode, a koju diktira živi svijet u njima. Inače za bare i njihov živi svijet važe potpuno drukčija pravila opstanka i daljnjega razvoja, jer prirodni sukce sivni procesi teže njihovu nestanku i one trenutno mogu opstati samo ljudskim angažiranjem. Ujužnom dijelu zemlje imamo tipično područ je krasa sa svim fenomenima periodičnih jezera koja nastaju pri velikoj količini oborina i brzim topljenjem snijega te traju od nekoliko dana do nekoliko mjeseci sve u ovisnosti od propusnosti ponora. U njima je obično voda kristalno čista, s minimalno suspendiranoga nanosa. Ta jezera u okolini izazivaju pojavu veoma zanimljivih vrela, poznatih i kao vrulje. Sva periodična jezera pripa daju jadranskom slivnom području. Nažalost, glad
za profitom dovela je ova jezera pred nestanak i ona broje svoje posljednje dane. Neka su već prije više desetljeća i nestala, posebno ono koje se jav ljalo u Popovu polju. Kada su u pitanju bare, one su vezane za donje tokove velikih rijeka Crnomorskoga sliva. Najviše ih nalazimo uz rijeku Savu, Vrbas, Bosnu, Ukrinu te Tolisu. To su one koje danas nalazimo, dok su mnoge bare koje je gradila Tinja i neke druge ri jeke i rječice nestale ljudskom aktivnosti. Najviše barskih ekosustava nestalo je reguliranjem rijeke Save, Vrbasa, Bosne, Ukrine i Tolise sredinom proš203
loga stoljeća kada se oko dvadeset godina radilo na njihovoj regulaciji i izgradnji nasipa. Kasnije su se u ta područja provodile komasacije i melioracije velikih zemljišnih površina te su se bare intenzivno isušivale izgradnjom pumpnih stanica, a sve u cilju povećanja poljoprivrednih površina. Danas ima mo još nekoliko značajnih bara, od Bardače koja je prilično devastirana do Prudske starače i bare Tišina. Nažalost, i nad njima su stalno nadvijene prijetnje. Tako je Bardača zadnjih godina izgubila veoma velike vodene površine koje su prevedene u poljoprivredno zemljište. Druge dvije su zaštićene te se о njima i njihovu stanju vodi računa jer pred stavljaju dragulj Posavine. Kada je u pitanju Hutovo blato, ono predstav lja samo mali dio nekada velike močvare koja je iz gubljena sredinom sedamdesetih godina prošloga stoljeća izgradnjom hidroelektrane Čapljina. Tad je jedna trećina močvare isušena, jedna trećina pretvorena u umjetno jezero, a trećina ostala kao močvara u kojoj su smještena jezera. Time je pore mećena stoljetna prirodna struktura, a na onom dijelu koji je ostao močvara ubrzani su procesi sukcesije, obrastanja vodenih površina i nestaja nja. Zbog velikih hidrozahvata na rijeci Neretvi s kojom je močvara spojena, u njoj se javljaju pro cesi prodiranja slane morske vode. Time se dovodi u pitanje opstanak ove močvare kao poznatoga ptičjeg rezervata. Ovdje se trebamo osvrnuti i na naše najpozna tije planinsko jezero, Prokoško jezero na planini Vranići. To je jezero koje svi svojataju te ga time uništavaju. Najveći problem je stihijsko razvijanje turizma na
jezeru, koje ima ograničeni kapacitet, ali nezajažljivost ljudi ga vodi u propast. Tako je bilo pokušaja da se dubina jezera poveća kopa njem, a problem su i komunalne vode koje se cijede u jezero. U jezeru se pojavljuju vodene biljke koje mu nisu svojstvene i mogu voditi eutrofikaciji. Iz jezera su nestali tritoni pa se zbog njihova odsu stva povećao broj komaraca. Ovakav način pona šanja dovodi do nestajanja jednoga od naših pla ninskih dragulja, a kad nestane - što onda.? Kako to opravdati? jezera i bare su danas iznimno ugrožene te su za proteklih 50 godina kako ih obilazim doživjele 204
velike promjene. Danas im kao nikad ranije prijeti ekološka katastrofa jer su već duže vrijeme izlože ne sustavnom uništavanju, najviše neplanskim iz gradnjama i preusmjeravanjima voda, zasipanjem komunalnim otpadom, produbljivanjem, sustav nim zagađivanjem i isušivanjem, a onim još oču vanim prijete klimatske promjene jer im se uslijed manjka oborina sustavno smanjuje razina vode. Dodatni su problemi koji se, odražavaju na bare duž velikih rijeka, a to su stalna zasipanja sus pendiranim nanosom koji se aktivira zbog vađenja pijeska u okolnim rijekama. Također na faunu je zera utječe prekomjerno izlovljavanje ribe ili uno šenje stranih vrsta koje nisu kompatibilne našim autohtonim vrstama riba. Nažalost, u skoro svim jezerima i barama nalazimo introducirane vrste, od kojih neke spadaju u kategoriju invazivnih. Već se teško možemo prisjetiti kako su neka jezera i bare izgledale prije 50godina, pa i prije 20 godina što ovu knjigu čini dokumentom koji ostaje kao svjedočanstvo о postojanju jezera i bara koje iz godine u godinu zbog klimatskih poremećaja imaju sve manje vode ili su zbog uznapredovale prirodne sukcesije skoro nestale. '205
Summary While Bosnia and Herzegovina may not have la kes like Finland does, its natural lakes and ponds are so specific, both in terms of their formation and their flora and fauna, and are extremely be autiful, In addition to making a difference in our life, lakes often represent the source of life in the mountains too. Ponds, on the other hand, deter mine the direction of development in urban areas. Mountain lakes can be found at higher altitudes and occasionally in karst areas, while ponds are usually located along large rivers. /Is lakes occupy smaller areas, they do not have a significant role in the topography, except for a few lakes that be cause of human carelessness, will disappear soon. Age analysis of lake mud shows that our natural lakes are relatively young and that they were for med 9,000 years ago. Thus, our lakes differ from other European lakes. For the first time, this monograph offers some basic information about specific lakes and ponds: their morphology, position, and ecology, as well as practical and basic scientific knowledge about their flora and fauna, and their environment. Ne vertheless, this book also corresponds with the wi der Bosnian audience; people who want to expand their knowledge about their beautiful homeland. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are 67.5 km2 of lakes, both natural and artificial, and the largest lake described in this book is Blidinje, which occu pies 0.12 % of the country’s surface. This area does not include ponds. If we analyze the position of the lakes, the mountain ones are located in central Bo snia and the
southeastern area of our country, as those which are located right along the Kupreška plateu. Periodic lakes are mostly located in the so uthern parts of our country (where the karst fields are), as well as in the southwestern parts. The smallest number of lakes are found in the area of the Bosnian Krajina. Ponds are mostly located in the Lijevče field, as well as in the Bosanska Posavi na, and Semberija regions. Exceptions are perma nent lakes ofHutovo Blato, located in a swamp at the low level, with only 3.5 to 5 m above the sea le vel. In contrast to this, our most beautiful mountain lakes are found at an altitude above 1100 m. 202
Bosnia and Herzegovina is widely known for its clean and pristine waters, and this is mainly truefor its lakes, while this is not the case with ponds. Many mountain lakes have occupied large mo untain sinkholes or plains that were created by the last glaciation in a soft limestone substrate. Excep tions are those on Vranića Mountain, which repre sent real geological gems that captivate us with their specific watercolor. These lakes are not en dangered by any direct threats. The only threat to them is climate change which causes a reduction of rainfall and therefore decreases the water level of the lakes, as well as numerous hikers who often visit these lakes and negatively influence sensitive ecosystems of their locations. These kinds of thre ats are specially related to Boračko Lake, a gem located at the foothills ofPrenj Mountain. On the other hand, ponds differfrom each ot her by the color and structure of the water which depends on the species living in them. Unlike lakes, different rules for preservation apply to ponds and their inhabitants, since natural successive proces ses cause their disappearance, and currently they can survive only through human engagement. In the southern part of the country, we have a typical area of karst with all the phenomena of periodic lakes, which are formed by a large amo unt ofrainfall and rapid snow melting. These lakes can last a few days to a few months, depending on the abyss permeability, and they often cause the appearance of very interesting hotsprings in this area. Their water is usually crystal clear, with a minimum of
suspended sediment. All periodic la kes belong to the area of the Adriatic basin. Un fortunately, human desire for profit has brought these lakes to the edge of extinction. Some of them already disappeared decades ago, especially those that were located in the Popovo field. When it comes to ponds, they are connected to the lower reaches of large rivers of the Black Sea basin. Most of them can be found along the Sava, Vrbas, Bosna, Ukrina, and Tolisa rivers. These still exist, while many ponds formed near Tinja River have disappeared due to negative human activity. Most of the pond ecosystems disappeared in the middle of the last century when regulation and the 203
construction of embankments for the Sava, Vrbas, Bosna, Ukrina, and Tolisa rivers were done. Later, compaction and land reclamation of large areas were carried out here, and ponds were aggres sively drained by the construction of pumping stations, in order to increase agricultural areas. Still, today there are a few significant ponds such as Bardača - which is quite devastated, Prudska Staraca, and Tišina pond. In recentyears, Bardača has lost large water areas that have been conver ted into agricultural land. The other two ponds are protected and are considered to be the jewels of the Posavina area. Butovo Blato represents only a small part of the one large swamp that evanished in the mid-se venties due to the construction of the Čapljina Hy droelectric Power Station. One-third of the swamp was drained, one-third was turned into an artifi cial lake, and one-third has remained a swamp. By doing this, the centuries-old natural structu re is disturbed, and it accelerated the processes of succession and overgrowth of water surfaces. Also, due to the large hydro-encroachments on the Neretva River, which is connected to the swamp, there are processes of salt seawater infiltration, which questions the survival of this swamp as a well-known bird reserve. We should also take a look at our mostfamous mountain lake in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prokoško Lake located on Vranića Mountain - the lake that everyone considers their own, and also the lake that everyone destroys. Its biggest problem is the sudden development of tourism which led to attempts to increase the depth of the
lake by dig ging and causing a drain of communal waste into the lake. All of this contributed to the appearance of aquatic plants in the lake that are not typical for it, which led to eutrophication. Also, due to di sappearance of newtsfrom the lake, the number of mosquitoes increased. All of this leads to the disa ppearance ofProkoško Lake, one of our mountain gems. Once it is gone - then what? What is next? Lakes and ponds are extremely endangered today, and in the past 50 years, since I have been visiting them, they have undergone major chan ges. Today, like never before, they are threatened 204
with ecological disaster because they have been exposed to systematic destruction such as unplan ned constructions, redirection ofwater, communal waste, deepening, pollution, and draining. Lakes and ponds that are still preserved are threatened by climate change. Due to the lack of rainfall, their water level is constantly decreasing. Additionally, there are specific problems rela ted to the ponds that are located along the large rivers. The extraction of the sand in those rivers activates the constant backfilling of ponds with suspended sediment. The fauna of the lake is also affected by overfishing and by the introduction of foreign species that are not compatible with our indigenous fish species. Unfortunately, those in troduced species can be found in almost all lakes and ponds. We can hardly remember how some of the la kes and ponds used to look SOyears ago, or even 20 years ago. Taking this into consideration, this book can be seen as a valuable document that will remain as a testimony ofthe existence oflakes and ponds that due to climate changes and advanced natural succession, have almost disappeared. 205 |
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| geographic_facet | Bosnien-Herzegowina |
| id | DE-604.BV049519767 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:24:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:09:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789958240973 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034865644 |
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| physical | 207 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm |
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| spelling | Ballian, Dalibor 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)1295725614 aut Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine Dalibor Ballian Sarajevo FMC Svjetlo riječi 2022. 207 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 200-201 Englische Zusammenfassung Lakes / Bosnia and Herzegovina Lacs / Bosnie-Herzégovine Lakes fast See (DE-588)4054084-4 gnd rswk-swf Limnologie (DE-588)4035769-7 gnd rswk-swf Bosnien-Herzegowina (DE-588)4088119-2 gnd rswk-swf Bosnien-Herzegowina (DE-588)4088119-2 g See (DE-588)4054084-4 s Limnologie (DE-588)4035769-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034865644&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034865644&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034865644&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034865644&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Ballian, Dalibor 1962- Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine Lakes / Bosnia and Herzegovina Lacs / Bosnie-Herzégovine Lakes fast See (DE-588)4054084-4 gnd Limnologie (DE-588)4035769-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054084-4 (DE-588)4035769-7 (DE-588)4088119-2 |
| title | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine |
| title_auth | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine |
| title_exact_search | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine |
| title_full | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine Dalibor Ballian |
| title_fullStr | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine Dalibor Ballian |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine Dalibor Ballian |
| title_short | Jezera Bosne i Hercegovine |
| title_sort | jezera bosne i hercegovine |
| topic | Lakes / Bosnia and Herzegovina Lacs / Bosnie-Herzégovine Lakes fast See (DE-588)4054084-4 gnd Limnologie (DE-588)4035769-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lakes / Bosnia and Herzegovina Lacs / Bosnie-Herzégovine Lakes See Limnologie Bosnien-Herzegowina |
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