Early capitalism in colonial missions: moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century
Drawing on unpublished archival material, this volume compares Moravian economic practice in three different mission-settings, to demonstrate how Moravian practices evolved during the 18th century as part of a globalizing world and economy. Delivering in-depth analysis of the far-reaching and deep s...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
Bloomsbury Academic
2024
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| Ausgabe: | First published in Great Britain 2024 |
| Schriftenreihe: | Empire's other histories
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Drawing on unpublished archival material, this volume compares Moravian economic practice in three different mission-settings, to demonstrate how Moravian practices evolved during the 18th century as part of a globalizing world and economy. Delivering in-depth analysis of the far-reaching and deep seated effects of missionary activity on indigenous communities and social relations, it explores how different economic contexts had an impact on the missionaries relations with Indigenous and slave-populations in empire.Petterson provides an insight how the missionaries worked, lived among various non-European peoples, and how they organised themselves and their surroundings at a time of changing identities and socio economic change. Analysing how missionary practice developed over this period, it also demonstrates how the Moravian leadership s priorities and how this affected attitudes to non-European peoples on the ground. Standing outside of national and imperial boundaries, and ambivalent about the political notion of imperialism as well as colonisation itself, Moravian missionaries nonetheless functioned in parallel with colonial structures, and were part of a broadly culturally colonial mission. So, even on the outskirts of imperial organisation, they were often a crucial part of colonial practice and took part in normalising capitalist relations in many - but not all - settings, as this book demonstrates. Introduction: What did early capitalism look like on the ground? ; 1. The Moravian Brethren ; Part I: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ; 2. Moravians and Money ; 3. Change in Leadership and Change in Organisation: The Case of Bethlehem's General Economy ; New-Herrnhut in St. Thomas, the West Indies ; 4. Time of transition and change in mission: 1760-1764 in the Moravian Unity ; 5.."Plantation Disposition": The "Outer"Sphere and the Accumulation of Riches in the Danish West Indies ; Part II: New-Herrnhut, Greenland ; 6. Greenland and Colonial Authorities ; 7. Developing the "Inner Sphere" ; Conclusion: Moravians and Capitalism ; Bibliography; Index. |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 211 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles |
| ISBN: | 9781350122086 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Drawing on unpublished archival material, this volume compares Moravian economic practice in three different mission-settings, to demonstrate how Moravian practices evolved during the 18th century as part of a globalizing world and economy. Delivering in-depth analysis of the far-reaching and deep seated effects of missionary activity on indigenous communities and social relations, it explores how different economic contexts had an impact on the missionaries relations with Indigenous and slave-populations in empire.Petterson provides an insight how the missionaries worked, lived among various non-European peoples, and how they organised themselves and their surroundings at a time of changing identities and socio economic change. Analysing how missionary practice developed over this period, it also demonstrates how the Moravian leadership s priorities and how this affected attitudes to non-European peoples on the ground. Standing outside of national and imperial boundaries, and ambivalent about the political notion of imperialism as well as colonisation itself, Moravian missionaries nonetheless functioned in parallel with colonial structures, and were part of a broadly culturally colonial mission. So, even on the outskirts of imperial organisation, they were often a crucial part of colonial practice and took part in normalising capitalist relations in many - but not all - settings, as this book demonstrates. | |
| 520 | |a Introduction: What did early capitalism look like on the ground? ; 1. The Moravian Brethren ; Part I: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ; 2. Moravians and Money ; 3. Change in Leadership and Change in Organisation: The Case of Bethlehem's General Economy ; New-Herrnhut in St. Thomas, the West Indies ; 4. Time of transition and change in mission: 1760-1764 in the Moravian Unity ; 5.."Plantation Disposition": The "Outer"Sphere and the Accumulation of Riches in the Danish West Indies ; Part II: New-Herrnhut, Greenland ; 6. Greenland and Colonial Authorities ; 7. Developing the "Inner Sphere" ; Conclusion: Moravians and Capitalism ; Bibliography; Index. | ||
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Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements xi xii Introduction: What did early capitalism look like on the ground? Historical context Conceptual approach Capitalism Oeconomie as communal household Methodology Presentation style: A dialectic of archival narrative and theoretical reflection Archival sources Terminology Chapter outline 1 4 6 6 8 12 1 The Moravian Brethren Introduction Individual Community Missionary ideals and missionary practice History Were the Moravians ‘conservative ? Conclusion 13 14 16 18 21 21 24 26 29 34 36 38 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 2 Moravians and money So, how do Moravians speak about economic issues? Reprimand from Bethlehem Bethlehem Beginnings of the General Economy in Bethlehem Transition towards waged labour 41 41 42 45 45 50
viii Contents Introducing a ‘free economy’ 3 51 Projects and suggestions for the new organization Conclusion 52 57 Change in leadership and organization: The case of Bethlehem’s General Economy 58 Introduction Moravian leadership restructured Earlier attempts at organization 58 58 59 The establishment of Central Council (Ratsconferenz) and Inner Council {Enge Conferenz) 61 End of the General Economy: First steps 63 July 1760: Communicating the impending change toBethlehem 64 November-December 1760: The appointed committee setsto work 66 Plans 67 January 1761: Results are presented to the Directorial Board 67 February 1761: Blueprint for the restructure in place 68 Spangenberg’s letter (November 1760) with suggestions arrives from Bethlehem 70 Execution 71 March-April 1761: Decision sent to the leadership in Bethlehem 71 Implications of the restructure: Market economy and mission work 73 Market 74 Mission 75 Conclusion 77 New-Herrnhut in St Thomas, the Danish West Indies 4 Time of transition and change in mission: 1760-4 in the Moravian Unity Introduction The earlier missions: 1730s and 1740s Missions in 1760 and 1761: A period of transition The Mission Deputation: Establishment and tasks First General Synod in Marienborn, 1764 Session one: Assessing specific missions Session two: Particular problems Session three: Reconstitution of the Mission Deputation Conclusion 81 81 81 84 87 91 92 93 94 96
Contents 5 ix ‘Plantation disposition’: The ‘outer’ sphere and the accumulation of riches in the Danish West Indies 98 Introduction 98 Rude awakening in the Danish West Indies 101 First years (1732-8) 101 Purchase of a plantation 103 Challenges to the ideal household 105 Slaves and slave-owners in the mission 106 ‘Inner’ and ‘outer’ 109 Expansion of the sugar industry 110 Visitations to St Thomas 111 Visitation of 1753: Early distinction between inner and outer duties 111 Visitation of 1755: Addressing the question of Moravian-owned slaves 113 Visitation of 1759: Clearer distinction between two types of Oeconomie 114 Visitation of 1783-4: All eyes on the ‘outer’ Oeconomie 118 Further divisions and distinctions 120 Sale of the Bethel plantation 121 Household after 1760 124 Conclusion 128 New-Herrnhut in Greenland 6 Greenland and colonial authorities Introduction Relation to colonial authorities Danish colonial monopoly Nitschmann’s letter to the Danish king, Christian VI The problem of passage The question of settlement Further restrictions Sustaining Moravian activities 131 131 133 133 135 137 139 142 144 7 Developing the‘inner sphere’ Community organization: Developing the ‘inner’ sphere Choirs Households 151 154 154 158
Contents X Early organization Implications and transformations in a colonial context Days of celebration Conclusion: The ‘inner’ sphere of the Greenland mission 160 164 167 170 Conclusion: Moravians and capitalism Introduction Religion and capitalism Bürgergeist Moravian particularities 171 Archival references Bibliography Index 183 171 171 176 180 188 203 |
| adam_txt |
Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements xi xii Introduction: What did early capitalism look like on the ground? Historical context Conceptual approach Capitalism Oeconomie as communal household Methodology Presentation style: A dialectic of archival narrative and theoretical reflection Archival sources Terminology Chapter outline 1 4 6 6 8 12 1 The Moravian Brethren Introduction Individual Community Missionary ideals and missionary practice History Were the Moravians ‘conservative ? Conclusion 13 14 16 18 21 21 24 26 29 34 36 38 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 2 Moravians and money So, how do Moravians speak about economic issues? Reprimand from Bethlehem Bethlehem Beginnings of the General Economy in Bethlehem Transition towards waged labour 41 41 42 45 45 50
viii Contents Introducing a ‘free economy’ 3 51 Projects and suggestions for the new organization Conclusion 52 57 Change in leadership and organization: The case of Bethlehem’s General Economy 58 Introduction Moravian leadership restructured Earlier attempts at organization 58 58 59 The establishment of Central Council (Ratsconferenz) and Inner Council {Enge Conferenz) 61 End of the General Economy: First steps 63 July 1760: Communicating the impending change toBethlehem 64 November-December 1760: The appointed committee setsto work 66 Plans 67 January 1761: Results are presented to the Directorial Board 67 February 1761: Blueprint for the restructure in place 68 Spangenberg’s letter (November 1760) with suggestions arrives from Bethlehem 70 Execution 71 March-April 1761: Decision sent to the leadership in Bethlehem 71 Implications of the restructure: Market economy and mission work 73 Market 74 Mission 75 Conclusion 77 New-Herrnhut in St Thomas, the Danish West Indies 4 Time of transition and change in mission: 1760-4 in the Moravian Unity Introduction The earlier missions: 1730s and 1740s Missions in 1760 and 1761: A period of transition The Mission Deputation: Establishment and tasks First General Synod in Marienborn, 1764 Session one: Assessing specific missions Session two: Particular problems Session three: Reconstitution of the Mission Deputation Conclusion 81 81 81 84 87 91 92 93 94 96
Contents 5 ix ‘Plantation disposition’: The ‘outer’ sphere and the accumulation of riches in the Danish West Indies 98 Introduction 98 Rude awakening in the Danish West Indies 101 First years (1732-8) 101 Purchase of a plantation 103 Challenges to the ideal household 105 Slaves and slave-owners in the mission 106 ‘Inner’ and ‘outer’ 109 Expansion of the sugar industry 110 Visitations to St Thomas 111 Visitation of 1753: Early distinction between inner and outer duties 111 Visitation of 1755: Addressing the question of Moravian-owned slaves 113 Visitation of 1759: Clearer distinction between two types of Oeconomie 114 Visitation of 1783-4: All eyes on the ‘outer’ Oeconomie 118 Further divisions and distinctions 120 Sale of the Bethel plantation 121 Household after 1760 124 Conclusion 128 New-Herrnhut in Greenland 6 Greenland and colonial authorities Introduction Relation to colonial authorities Danish colonial monopoly Nitschmann’s letter to the Danish king, Christian VI The problem of passage The question of settlement Further restrictions Sustaining Moravian activities 131 131 133 133 135 137 139 142 144 7 Developing the‘inner sphere’ Community organization: Developing the ‘inner’ sphere Choirs Households 151 154 154 158
Contents X Early organization Implications and transformations in a colonial context Days of celebration Conclusion: The ‘inner’ sphere of the Greenland mission 160 164 167 170 Conclusion: Moravians and capitalism Introduction Religion and capitalism Bürgergeist Moravian particularities 171 Archival references Bibliography Index 183 171 171 176 180 188 203 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:23:22Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-13T00:04:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350122086 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034858372 |
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| physical | xiii, 211 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Empire's other histories |
| spelling | Petterson, Christina 1972- (DE-588)1055982906 aut Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century Christina Petterson First published in Great Britain 2024 London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2024 © 2024 xiii, 211 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Empire's other histories Drawing on unpublished archival material, this volume compares Moravian economic practice in three different mission-settings, to demonstrate how Moravian practices evolved during the 18th century as part of a globalizing world and economy. Delivering in-depth analysis of the far-reaching and deep seated effects of missionary activity on indigenous communities and social relations, it explores how different economic contexts had an impact on the missionaries relations with Indigenous and slave-populations in empire.Petterson provides an insight how the missionaries worked, lived among various non-European peoples, and how they organised themselves and their surroundings at a time of changing identities and socio economic change. Analysing how missionary practice developed over this period, it also demonstrates how the Moravian leadership s priorities and how this affected attitudes to non-European peoples on the ground. Standing outside of national and imperial boundaries, and ambivalent about the political notion of imperialism as well as colonisation itself, Moravian missionaries nonetheless functioned in parallel with colonial structures, and were part of a broadly culturally colonial mission. So, even on the outskirts of imperial organisation, they were often a crucial part of colonial practice and took part in normalising capitalist relations in many - but not all - settings, as this book demonstrates. Introduction: What did early capitalism look like on the ground? ; 1. The Moravian Brethren ; Part I: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ; 2. Moravians and Money ; 3. Change in Leadership and Change in Organisation: The Case of Bethlehem's General Economy ; New-Herrnhut in St. Thomas, the West Indies ; 4. Time of transition and change in mission: 1760-1764 in the Moravian Unity ; 5.."Plantation Disposition": The "Outer"Sphere and the Accumulation of Riches in the Danish West Indies ; Part II: New-Herrnhut, Greenland ; 6. Greenland and Colonial Authorities ; 7. Developing the "Inner Sphere" ; Conclusion: Moravians and Capitalism ; Bibliography; Index. Geschichte 1700-1900 gnd rswk-swf Brüdergemeine (DE-588)4134444-3 gnd rswk-swf Frühkapitalismus (DE-588)4261738-8 gnd rswk-swf Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd rswk-swf Protestantismus (DE-588)4047538-4 gnd rswk-swf Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd rswk-swf Kolonialismus (DE-588)4073624-6 gnd rswk-swf Mission (DE-588)4039567-4 gnd rswk-swf Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 s Protestantismus (DE-588)4047538-4 s Brüdergemeine (DE-588)4134444-3 s Frühkapitalismus (DE-588)4261738-8 s Kolonialismus (DE-588)4073624-6 s Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 s Mission (DE-588)4039567-4 s Geschichte 1700-1900 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-350-12210-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-350-12209-3 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034858372&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Petterson, Christina 1972- Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century Brüdergemeine (DE-588)4134444-3 gnd Frühkapitalismus (DE-588)4261738-8 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd Protestantismus (DE-588)4047538-4 gnd Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd Kolonialismus (DE-588)4073624-6 gnd Mission (DE-588)4039567-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4134444-3 (DE-588)4261738-8 (DE-588)4026651-5 (DE-588)4047538-4 (DE-588)4049396-9 (DE-588)4073624-6 (DE-588)4039567-4 |
| title | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| title_auth | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| title_exact_search | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Early capitalism in colonial missions Moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| title_full | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century Christina Petterson |
| title_fullStr | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century Christina Petterson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century Christina Petterson |
| title_short | Early capitalism in colonial missions |
| title_sort | early capitalism in colonial missions moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| title_sub | moravian household economies in the global eighteenth century |
| topic | Brüdergemeine (DE-588)4134444-3 gnd Frühkapitalismus (DE-588)4261738-8 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd Protestantismus (DE-588)4047538-4 gnd Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd Kolonialismus (DE-588)4073624-6 gnd Mission (DE-588)4039567-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Brüdergemeine Frühkapitalismus Imperialismus Protestantismus Religion Kolonialismus Mission |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034858372&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pettersonchristina earlycapitalismincolonialmissionsmoravianhouseholdeconomiesintheglobaleighteenthcentury |