The Eastern question in 1870s Britain: democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents 1 “Veiled Under the Easy Name of the Eastern Question”: Locating the Eastern Question in 1870s Britain 1 1 4 7 18 19 May 30th, 1878: A Dark Night in London Setting the Scene Historical Background to 1870 A Synopsis of the 1870s The Sources 2 “Altered Out of All Recognition”: Unearthing the Eastern Question from Its Grave 27 The Debates The Historiography of the Eastern Question The Eastern Question and the “New Imperialism” The Eastern Question and “New” Diplomatic History The Eastern Question and Victorian Politics The Eastern Question, British “Interests,” and Gladstone vs. Disraeli The Eastern Question and “the East” 3 “The Eastern Question Cannot Settle Itself’: From Bulgaria to India and Back Again A Ball in Dublin The Eastern Question’s Slavic Decade 27 27 34 39 44 49 52 55 55 60 xi
XÜ CONTENTS Before Bulgaria: The Press, Politics, and the Pastern Question The Shift in Opinion: Murder, Massacre, and Muslims Two Eastern Questions, Two Empires Conclusion: Pressure and Response 4 The Triumph of War: The 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War in Victorian Society A Forgotten War The Failure of Peace Choosing Empire, Choosing War Britain’s Siege of Plevna: Visualizing Eastern Violence War of Words: The Daily Telegraph, Jingo Russophobia, and the New Imperialism Mob Rule, Britannia! Conclusion: “A Suggestion of National Animus” 80 93 113 129 135 135 139 151 158 173 187 197 5 Surveillance, Negotiation, and Propaganda in British Imperialism: The Case of Cyprus 201 A Dance by Madame Collier 201 General Simmons’ Secret Task Force 206 An “Experiment in Good Government,” or Life After Cyprus 216 Conclusion, Public Opinion (s) 232 6 Imperialism by Negotiation: Britain at the 1878 Congress of Berlin An Express from Germany Der Herr Von Tenterden, Das Ist Der Mann? “Others Will Grumble More Britannica” Conclusion: A New British Order 7 Another Eastern Question: The Eastern Question Expands An Army of Savages “An Inheritance of Hatred”: Tying Two Easts Together in Afghanistan “Good Old Liberal Medicine”: Race, Class, and Imperialism’s Discontents “The Anarchies of the Eastern World, the Rights of the Savage”: The Eastern Question and the Midlothian Campaign Conclusion: The People’s Eastern Question, the People’s Empire 243 243 246 265 281 287 287 294 312 334 350
CONTENTS 8 “The Eastern Question Will Never Be Solved”: The Perseverance of History A Dog of the Regiment Egypt for the Britons, or Sir Garnet to the Rescue June 27th, 2016: A Sunny Day in London XÜi 355 355 356 369 Bibliography 375 Index 411
Bibliography Primary Sources Archival: 1. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates (3rd Series) a. Vol. 204 (1871), col. 1603-1604 b. Vol. 216 (1873), col. 943-949 c. Vol. 225 (1875), col. 207 d. Vol. 227 (1876), col. 54, 57, 80, 86, 105, 574-577, 606-607 e. Vol. 230 (1876), col. 424-426, 1182 f. Vol. 231 (1876), col. 203, 215, 727 g. Vol. 232 (1877), col. 232 h. Vol. 234 (1877), col. 234, 1561-1566 i. Vol. 235 (1877), col. 235 j. Vol. 238 (1878), col. 278, 281 k. Vol. 241 (1878), col. 1433, 1435-1436, 1769 1. Vol. 242 (1878), col. 52-61, 534-535, 559, 569, 677, 683, 707, 721, 913-914 m. Vol. 243 (1878), col. 530-622, 735 2. United Kingdom. British Library collections a. Carnarvon Papers * BL Add. MS 60758, f. 175-178, 179-182, 185-186, 192 * BL Add. MS 60759, f. 11-12 * BL Add. MS 60765, f. 104-107 b. Layard Papers *BL Add. MS 39131, f. 90-93 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 L. R. Schumacher, The Eastern Question in 1870s Britain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36514-0 375
376 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3. United Kingdom. National Archives collections (official and personal) a. Cabinet Papers (CAB) *CAB 41/7/10 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/12 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/14 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/15 (official Cabinet reports) b. Foreign Office Papers (FO) * FO 78/2551, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 1 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2552, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 2 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2553, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 3 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2554, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 4 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2555, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 5 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2556, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 6 (petitions/letters) *FO 358/1, Simmons Papers {Defence of Constantinople, mise, papers) *FO 358/2, Simmons Papers (Russo-Turkish War, Cyprus, mise, papers) *FO 358/3, Simmons Papers (Russo-Turkish War, Cyprus, mise, papers) *FO 363/4, Tenterden Papers (“Globe scandal”) *FO 881/2903 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3049 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3410 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3469 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3526 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3596 (letters/memos) *F O 918/64 (letters/memos) c. Extracts from FO Papers (MFQ 8c MPK) *MFQ 1/255 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/434, f. 4, 61 145, 156, 544 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/481, f. 312, 363, 365-369, 926 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/482, f. 722, 727 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/483, f. 432 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/485 (maps and plans) d. Public Record Office Papers (PRO) *PRO 30/29/22A/8, Granville Papers (letters) *PRO 30/51/3, f. 113-114, 120-121, Cairns Papers (letters) *PRO 30/51/4, 7, 20-21 Cairns
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 377 ‘WO 147/6, Wolseley Papers (“Cyprus Journal,” letters, mise, papers) 4. United Kingdom. Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books” and other forms) a. Collen, E. H. H. Report on the Intelligence Branch, Quarter-MasterGeneraPs Department, Horse Guards. London: Harrison Sons for Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1878. b. State Papers: Abyssinia. Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books”), C.3918 (1867). c. Turkey, No. 3—Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Turkey, and the Insurrection in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books”), 1531, LXXXIV.255 (1876). d. Turkey, No. 8 (1877). Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books”), C.1713 (1877). e. Turkey, No. 9 (1877). Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books”) C.1714 (1877). f. Turkey, No. 12 (1877). Parliamentary Papers (“Blue Books”) C.1719 (1877). g. Turkey, No. 36 (1878).—Correspondence respecting the Convention between Great Britain and Turkey ofJune 4, 1878. London: Harrison and Sons, 1878. h. Turkey. No. 44 (1878).—Treaty between Great Britain, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Russia, and Turkey for the Settlement of Affairs in the East. Signed at Berlin, July 13, 1878 (London: Harrison and Sons, 1878. i. Turkey. No. 48 (1878).—Further Correspondence respecting the Affairs of Turkey (London: Harrison and Sons, 1878. Periodicals: “1878,” The Scotsman, 31 December 1878, col. D, p. 4. “Address from the Earl of Dalkeith,” Glasgow Evening Citizen, 7 April 1880, col. F, p. 2. “Affairs in Constantinople.” Pall Mall Gazette, 2 May 1877, col. A, p. 1. “Agitators on Agitation.” Pall Mall Gazette, 5 February 1878, col. A, p.
10. “The Alleged Massacres in Bulgaria.” Pall Mall Gazette, 27 June 1876, col. A, p. 5. “Annexation by Private Adventure." The Economist, 27 November 1875, col. B, p. 1392. “Another Eastern Question,” Banbury Beacon, 26 October 1895, col. A, p. 2. “Another Eastern Question,” Carlisle Journal, 14 August 1896, col. E, p. 4. “Another Eastern Question,” Civil Military Gazette, 1 September 1881, col. D, p. 5. “Another Eastern Question,” Dublin Evening Post, 5 January 1861, col. C, p. 2. “Another Eastern Question,” Scottish Referee, 4 November 1910, col. E, p. 1.
378 BIBLIOGRAPHY “Another Eastern Question,” Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 24 January 1872, col. B, p. 3. “Another Eastern Question,” Western Daily Express, 29 November 1862, col. C, p. 2. “Another Eastern Question—Threatened War with Burmam [sic]—Despatch of an Ultimatum,” Shields Daily Gazette, 19 October 1885, col. F, p. 3. “Another Eastern Question—Which to Drink, Tea from China or Assam?,” Inverness Advertiser and Ross-shire Chronicle, 2 February 1877, col. C, p. 1. “Another Hyde Park Demonstration.” Northern Echo, 11 March 1878, col. D, p. 3. “The Assassination at Constantinople.” Illustrated London News, 24 June 1876, p. 601. “Attack on the British Embassy in Afghanistan,” Pall Mall Gazette, 6 November 1879, col. A, p. 8. “Audacity and Inactivity.” Pall Mall Gazette, 16 May 1876, col. A, p. 1. “Austria and Turkey,” The Times, 11 November 1873, col. A, p. 12. “The Assassinations at Constantinople: Moslem Atrocities in Bulgaria.” Daily News, 23 June 1876, col. F, p. 5. “The Black Sea Conference,” Illustrated London News, 18 March 1871, col. A, p. 2. “A Blaze of Triumph!” Punch, 27 July 1878, col. A, no. 103. “A Bold Stroke.” Reynolds’s Newspaper, 14 July 1878, col. A, p. 1. “A Bradlaugh-Herbert Riot in Hyde Park—Disorderly Proceedings.” The Derby Mercury, 13 March 1878, col. E, p. 8. “The British Attack on Ali Musjid,” Penny Illustrated Paper and Illustrated Times, 4 January 1879, col. A, p. 1. “The British Protectorate of Asia Minor.” Northern Echo, 11 July 1878, col. E, p. 2. “The Bulgarian Atrocities.” Examiner, 12 August 1876, col. B, p. 901. “The Bulgarian
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 379 “Continental Views of the Protectorate over Asia Minor.” Pall Mall Gazette, 10 July 1878, col. B, p. 10. “The Constituencies and the Eastern Question.” Northern Echo, 26 April 1878, col. A, p. 3. “The Country and the War Vote.” Daily News, 1 February 1878, col. E, p. 3. D., S. E. Letter to the editor, Daily News, 24 August 1876, col. D, p. 2. Daily News. 22 November 1875, col. G, p. 4. Daily News. 9 May 1876, col. B, p. 5. Daily News. 25 February 1878, col. E, p. 4. Daily News. 25 February 1878, col. B, p. 5. Daily News. 12 July 1878, col. E, p. 4. Daily News. 16 July 1878, col. E, p. 4. Daily News, 11 September 1878, col. E, p. 4. Daily Review, 26 November 1879, col. B, p. 4. Daily Telegraph, 14 March 1871, col. D, p. 4. Daily Telegraph. 9 June 1877. Daily Telegraph. 24 July 1877. Daily Telegraph. 18 October 1877. Daily Telegraph, 1 October 1878, col. D, p. 4. Daily Telegraph, 13 January 1878, col. G, p. 4. Daily Telegraph, 14 April 1880, col. H, p. 4. “In Dalkeith Yesterday,” Dalkeith Advertiser, 17 November 1879, col. A, p. 3. “Death of Peter Rylands, M.P.,” 10 February 1887, col. B, p. 20. “The Death of a Remarkable Prime Minister,” The Guardian, 6 July 1850. Avail able at: https://www.theguardian.com/news/1850/jul/06/leadersandreply. mainsection. “Death of Tracy Turnerelli,” Edinburgh Evening News, 25 January 1896, col. B, p. 5. “Demonstration in Hyde Park.” Freeman’s Journal, 8 April 1878, col. H, p. 5. “Deposition of the Sultan.” The Times, 31 May 1876, col. B, p. 7. “The Disaster at Plevna.” Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 23 September 1877. “A
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380 BIBLIOGRAPHY “The Earl of Kimberley in Leicester,” Leicester Journal, 15 November 1878, col. C, p. 6. “Earl Kimberley in Leicester—A Treat for Liberals (By a Working Man),” Leicester Chronicle, 16 November 1878, col. F, p. 5. “The Eastern Crisis and Public Opinion.” Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, 8 May 1878, col. F, p. 3. “The Eastern Question.” Pall Mall Gazette, 18 November 1875, col. A, p. 1. “The Eastern Question.” The Times, 30 November 1875, col. A, p. 6. “The Eastern Question.” The Times, 3 January 1876, col. F, p. 6. “The Eastern Question.” The Times, 27 September 1876, col. A, p. 6. “The Eastern Question.” The Times, 13 October 1876, p. 7, col. F. “The Eastern Question.” The Times, 3 August 1877, col. F, p. 10. “The Eastern Question,” Westminster Review 108, no. 1 (1877), 200-213. “The Eastern Question from a Russian Point of View,” Friend of India, 1 June 1871, col. B, p. 8. “Eastern Questions,” Pall Mall Gazette, 23 January 1872, col. A, p. 8. “Election Riots,” North Cheshire Herald, 17 April 1880, col. C, p. 6. “The Electric Light,” The Times, 16 December 1878, col. C, p. 6. “Empire or Hearthstone,” Reynolds’s Newspaper, 4 May 1879, col. A, p. 3. “England and the Bulgarian Atrocities.” Northern Echo, 11 August 1876, col. F, p. 2. “England and the Dardanelles,” The Times, 18 November 1876, col. E, p. 5. “England and the War—Opposition to a War Policy—Meeting at Thirsk.” Northern Echo, 10 January 1878, col. E, p. 3. “England’s Betrayal of Greece,” Northern Echo, 29 August 1878, col. B, p. 3. “The Enemies of the Empire.” Pall Mall Gazette, 5
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Index A Abanazer (Aladdin pantomime villain), 110 Abdulaziz, Sultan, 67, 69, 72, 93, 94, 97, 98 Abdülhamid II, Sultan, 70, 145, 150, 298 Aberdeen, Earl of, 14, 308 Abyssinia, 17, 125, 297 Ethiopia. See Abyssinia Adair, Cornelia, 57, 59 Aegean Sea, 252 Afghanistan, 75, 224-227, 231, 288, 294-296, 300-304, 306, 307, 310-312, 320, 321, 324-326, 340, 341, 343, 346, 358, 359 Ainsworth, William Harrison, 330 Alabama claims, 80 Alexander II, Emperor, 66, 72, 124, 161, 172, 178, 263 Alexander III, Emperor, 66 Alexandretta, 214-216, 218, 223 Iskanderun. See Alexandretta Alexandria, 91, 211, 218, 300, 363, 365 Ali, Hyder, 108 Ali Masjid, Battle of (1878), 321 Ali Pasha, 70 Âli, Mehmed Emin. See Ali Pasha Alison, Archibald, 229 Amaserah, 221 Amasra. See Amaserah American Civil War, 17, 166 Anatolia, 62, 93, 160, 206, 221, 358 Asia Minor. See Anatolia Anderson, George, 109 Andrassy, Count Gyula, 85, 90, 262, 330 Anglo-Afghan War (1838-1842), 225 Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880), 19, 364 Anglo-Egyptian War (1882), 34, 204, 229, 355 Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784), 108 Anglo-Russian Agreement (1878), 1, 254, 255, 256, 258 Anglo-Zulu War (1879), 311 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 L. R. Schumacher, The Eastern Question in 1870s Britain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36514-0 411
412 INDEX Anti-imperialism, 238 Antisemitism, 317, 331, 334 Jewishness. See Antisemitism Judaism. See Antisemitism Armit, R.H., 190, 193, 196 Arnold, Edwin, 176 Ashanti Empire, 80 Aussenpolitik, 39 Primat der Aussenpolitik. See Aussenpolitik Austin, Alfred, 130 В Balkans, 3, 29-31, 34, 53, 57, 61, 83, 93, 95, 96, 103, 116, 136, 137, 139, 144, 156, 159, 160, 166, 172, 179, 183, 186, 192, 206-209, 251, 253, 295, 311, 342, 349, 358 Bardett, Ellis, 192, 193 bashi-bazouks, 101-103, 107, 108, 110, 112, 165 Batak, Massacre at, 107, 109 Batde of Navarino (1827), 12 Batumi, 3, 208, 211, 212, 254, 258, 259 Beaconsfieldism, 314, 336, 349, 361, 362, 365 Belize, 231 Benjamin, Walter, 5, 18, 308 Benthamism, 300 Berg, Louis, 301 Berlin, Congress of (1878), 6, 19, 35, 66, 76, 204, 206, 216, 225, 245, 246, 264, 291, 302, 352, 356, 357 Berlin, Congress of (1884-1885), 6, 246, 264 Berlin Memorandum (1876), 95, 97, 98, 238 Berlin, Treaty of (1878), 66, 160, 225 Beçik Bay, 90, 98, 212 Bessarabia, 254 Biddulph, Robert, 228 Bismarck, Otto von, 63 Blowitz, Henry de, 296 Boehm, Edgar, 369 Bolan, 309 Bosnia, 68, 136, 141, 262, 263 Bosphorus, 9, 64, 79, 208, 212, 236, 258, 259 Bowyer, George, 336 Brackenbury, Henry, 228 Bradford, Countess of, 25 Bradlaugh, Charles, 188-190, 193-195 Bright, John, 46, 91, 113, 163, 235, 281, 283, 293, 306, 314, 330, 339, 344, 349, 365 Brophy, Charles, 83, 184 Browne, Samuel, 267, 309 Buccleuch, (5th) Duke of, 350 Bulgaria, 3, 18, 31, 60, 67-70, 95, 101, 102, 105, 107-109, 112, 113, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 136, 141, 142, 146, 159, 160, 162, 163, 206, 209, 251, 252
Bulgarian Agitation, 41, 43, 48, 60, 87, 90, 133, 139, 146, 151, 158, 163, 185, 186, 192, 217, 236, 323, 325, 338, 365 Bulgarian Atrocities, 19, 45, 47, 54, 60, 76, 83, 93, 99, 101-103, 105, 107, 109, 112, 113, 116, 120, 122, 123, 134, 152, 182, 184, 185, 229, 271, 280, 299, 300 Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 19,45, 54, 115, 116, 343 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 67, 184 Burke, Edmund, 53, 108 Burleigh, Bennet, 177 Burmese Empire, 311
INDEX Burma. See Burmese Empire Butt, Isaac, 269 Byzantine Empire, 65 C Cambridge, Duke of, 204, 212, 227, 232, 235 Cambridge, Prince George of. See Cambridge, Duke of Cameron, Charles, 197 Campbell, Baron, 183 Campbell, George (Liberal MP for Kirkaldy Burghs), 236, 340 Canning, Charles, 370 Canning, George, 370 Cape of Good Hope, 289 Carlingford, Baron, 307 Carnarvon, Earl of, 147, 151, 152, 158, 188, 189 Carol I, Prince, 160 Cartwright, William, 50, 51 Caucasus, 3, 62, 159, 160, 183, 206, 220, 251, 252, 358 Cavagnari, Louis, 326, 327 Cawnpore, Massacre at, 107-110, 112, 113, 117 Cecil, Lady Gwendolen, 25, 244, 262 Central Asia, 16, 18, 36, 61, 67, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 95, 161, 184, 224, 225, 305, 324, 341 Chamberlain, Joseph, 51, 92, 278, 285, 292, 306, 330, 339, 364, 366-368 Chapman, John, 300 Charles III, King, 372 Chartists, 43, 103, 281, 324 Chechens, 221 Chesterfield, Countess of, 25, 97, 304, 353 Childers, Hugh, 112 China, 43, 73, 298, 299 Churchill, Horace, 56 413 Circassian Genocide, 16 Clarendon, Earl of, 14 Clarke, F.C.H., 224 Cobden, Richard, 14, 46, 163, 281 Collins, Wilkie, 320 Coningsby, 272, 276, 317 Constantinople Conference (1876-1877), 130, 141, 143-145, 148, 151, 153, 157, 158, 209, 213, 249, 259 Corn Laws, 276 Corry, Montagu, 176, 214 Corti, Luigi, 259, 263 Cossacks, 62, 168, 169, 177 Crealock, Hope, 56, 184, 185 Cretan Revolt (1866-1869), 17, 60, 61, 101 Crete, 81, 210, 214, 218, 236, 298 Crimean system, 15, 16, 85, 86, 114, 142, 158, 214, 245, 260, 263, 270 Crimean War (1853-1856), 4, 6, 13-16, 18, 32, 56, 86, 90, 108, 117, 119, 142, 144, 154, 156,
167, 168, 181, 199, 206, 208, 209, 221-223, 266, 296, 297 Cromer, Earl of, 228, 229, 364 Baring, Evelyn. See Cromer, Earl of Cross, R.A., 256, 259, 330 Crystal Palace speech, 89 Cultural imperialism, 219, 282 Cyprus, 4, 19, 21, 24, 26, 35, 45, 202-207, 210, 211, 213-219, 223-234, 236, 237, 239-241, 245, 256-259, 263-268, 277, 278, 282, 283, 304, 305, 319, 336, 341, 346, 355, 357, 363, 364, 366 Cyprus Convention (1878), 216, 239-241, 248, 254, 256, 257, 259, 277, 282, 346, 355
414 INDEX Dalkeith, Earl of, 338, 341, 343, 346, 349-351 Buccleuch, (6th) Duke of. See Dalkeith, Earl of Dardanelles Straits, 9, 98, 207, 210, 258 Derby, (14th) Earl of, 362, 369 Derby, (15th) Earl of, 86-88, 98, 101, 105, 106, 113, 116, 123, 128-133, 146, 157, 158, 159, 188, 206, 212, 215, 216, 241, 248 Stanley, Edward Henry. See Derby, (15th) Earl of Dilke, Charles, 249, 271, 339 Disraeli, Benjamin, 5, 18-20, 25, 46, 47, 48, 51, 76, 88, 89, 97, 105, 113, 129, 131, 180, 212, 215, 217, 219, 225, 230, 233, 238, 239, 243, 245-247, 255, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 268, 272, 276, 285, 288, 289, 304-306, 314, 316, 317, 319, 320, 323, 324, 327, 331, 332, 334, 335, 340, 347, 351, 353, 361, 363, 365, 366, 370 Beaconsfield, Earl of. See Beaconsfield, Earl of Dohsé, Frederick de, 124, 125 Dorchester, Baron, 182, 183 Dreikeiserbund, 95, 97 Drummond-Wolff, Henry, 20, 128, 276 Dual Alliance, 290, 328, 330, 349 Dunraven, Earl of, 183 E East, Cecil J., 225, 226 Eastern Crisis (1875-1878), 4, 6, 16, 19, 21, 22, 37, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 60, 75, 80, 85, 91, 93, 104, 126, 130, 132, 151, 152, 173, 181, 197, 198, 202, 205, 215, 219, 220, 223, 226, 229, 231, 233, 236, 238, 245, 248, 249, 264, 271, 280, 283, 285, 291, 293, 294, 296, 302, 305, 314, 315, 323, 335, 338, 340, 356, 357, 358, 360, 363, 366 Eastern Roumelia, 307 Edward VII, King, 235 Egypt, 4, 8, 10, 35, 56, 81, 86, 204, 205, 210, 213, 214, 227, 229-231, 236, 237, 260, 285, 289, 291, 296, 300, 311, 338, 341, 349, 357, 363-366 Khedivate of Egypt. See Egypt Egyptian bankruptcy (1876), 57 Elgin, Earl of, 230 Elizabe± II, Queen, 372 Elliot,
Henry, 21, 71, 98, 101, 106, 109, 114, 118, 146, 148, 149, 152, 207 Erekli, 221 Karadeniz Eregli. See Erekli F Factory Acts, 298 Farley, J. Lewis, 69 Fawcett, Millicent, 370 Fenianism, 134, 184 Fenians. See Fenians Fenton, Roger, 14 Fiji, 282-284 First Boer War (1880-1881), 311 First Home Rule Bill (1886), 319 First World War, 28, 33, 66, 135, 137, 205, 297 Forbes, Archibald, 165, 169, 186, 187 Forster, E.W., 103 Forward policy, 295
INDEX Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), 18, 62, 76, 80, 167, 328, 356 Franz Joseph I, Emperor, 349 Fraser, Thomas, 207, 208 Freeman, E.A., 21, 84, 85, 110, 187, 195, 236, 272, 276, 314, 316, 357, 368 Gallenga, Antonio, 24, 82, 83, 97, 104 Gallipoli, 28, 177, 179, 207, 210, 212, 214, 219, 224, 232, 233, 235, 236 Gambetta, Léon, 63, 268 Gandamak, Treaty of (1879), 310, 311, 323, 326, 359 Gandhi, Mahatma, 370 Garibaldi, Guiseppe, 47 Gavazzi, Modesto, 76 Gentlemanly capitalism, 37 Gibraltar, 186, 231 Gladstone, Catherine, 342 Gladstone, William Ewart, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 41, 42, 45, 48-52, 54, 79, 80, 87, 89-92, 98, 102, 104, 106, 112, 114-119, 122, 127, 130, 133, 159, 173, 175, 177, 187, 194, 228, 235, 240, 245, 247, 268, 272, 276, 277, 279, 282-285, 290-292, 298, 301, 305-309, 314, 318, 319, 323, 328, 334-350, 352, 353, 357, 360-366 Globe scandal. See Marvin, Charles Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich, 63, 64, 153, 154, 247, 255, 263 Gordon, Charles George, 207 Granville, Earl of, 25, 63, 89, 90, 98, 114, 115, 248, 267, 353, 364 415 Great Game, 36, 75, 161, 177, 226, 229, 290, 295 Greece, 11, 31, 107, 230, 262, 371 Greek War of Independence (1821-1829), 11, 14, 42, 84 Greenwood, Frederick, 319, 337 H Hamley, Edward, 229, 230 Hansard, 20, 23, 50, 85, 86, 89, 90, 103, 106, 109, 125, 128, 183, 267-271, 277, 278, 283, 289, 325, 340 Harcourt, William, 91, 92 Hardy, Gathorne, 125, 131, 206, 207, 210, 212, 213, 216, 224, 304 Hare, William, 223 Hartington, Marquess of, 86, 87, 89-92, 114, 115, 269, 270, 293, 328, 330, 335, 339, 344, 353, 360, 366 Herbert, Auberon, 21, 189, 236
Herbert, William von, 162 Herzegovina, 18, 62, 80, 81, 95, 98, 141, 262, 263 Hicks-Beach, Michael, 278 Higgin, WH., 287 Hitchman, Francis, 332 Hobson, J.A., 198, 362 Home, Robert, 148, 150, 207-214, 216-219, 221-226, 229, 230, 234, 240, 241, 248, 255, 282, 304 Home Rule (Ireland), 48, 49, 91, 92, 177, 279, 320, 339, 347, 350, 360, 361, 365, 366 Home Rule League, 80, 127, 269, 326, 350 Hozier, Henry, 24 humanitarianism, 5, 49, 239, 280, 339, 367 Hunt, Thornton Leigh, 176, 313
416 INDEX Hyde Park Association, 189, 190, 194, 195, 302 Hyde Park riots (1866), 187 I Ignatyev, Count Nicolay Pavlovich, 70, 71, 94, 144 India, 18, 36, 37, 56, 59, 67, 72, 79, 108, 112, 151, 161, 177, 178, 185, 186, 204, 208, 211, 216, 218, 224, 226, 228, 230, 231, 264, 277-279, 289, 292, 294-296, 298, 301-304, 310, 312, 327, 336, 358, 366, 370 The Raj. See India Indian Rebellion (1857-1858), 16, 56, 107, 119, 185, 310, 359, 370 Innenpolitik, 40, 303, 339 Intelligence Branch, 208, 209, 224-226, 228-231, 248, 304 internationalism, 187 Ionian Islands, 10, 231 Irish Land Act (1870), 92 Irish Question, 127, 276, 366 Irish University Bill (1873), 92 Isma’il Pasha, Khedive, 81, 86, 211, 363, 364 Izzeddin, §ehzade Yusuf, 72 J Jewish Question, 5, 372 Jingoism, 181, 187, 194, 196-199, 318, 327, 330, 348 “By Jingo!”. See Jingoism Hunt, G.W. See Jingoism “The Great MacDermott”. See Jingoism К Kabul, 225, 226, 294, 302, 304, 305 326, 327, 359 Kars, 3, 160, 214, 254, 258, 260 Khiva, Khanate of, 18, 73, 75, 77, 181 Khiva, Russian conquest of (1873). See Khiva, Khanate of Kimberley, Earl of, 307 Kipling, Rudyard, 282 Kohat, 310 Kosovo, 262 Kurds, 221 Kushi, 226 Khoshi. See Kushi Kyber Pass, 307 L Lansdowne, Marquess of, 230 Larnaca, 267 Latey, John, 328, 330, 331, 334 Layard, Austen Henry, 21, 211, 215, 247, 248, 251, 254, 257 Lemnos, 216 Lennox, W.O., 150 Lerch, Petr Ivanovich, 75 Levant, 61, 205, 210, 219, 225, 295 Levy-Lawson, Edward, 21, 112, 173, 175, 176, 189, 319 Liberal Unionism, 48, 92, 360, 366 Lister, T.V., 131, 132 Loftus, Lord Augustus, 251 London Protocol (1877), 153, 155,
157, 158, 161 London Straits Convention (1841), 12, 15, 98 London, Treaty of (1871), 18, 64, 65 Louis, A.H., 313 Lowe, Robert, 89, 281-283 Lytton, Earl of, 294, 295, 302-305, 327
INDEX Meredith, Owen. See Meredith, Owen Μ MacColl, Malcolm, 23, 186, 187 MacGahan, Januarius Aloysius, 76, 77, 79 Madagascar, 365 Mahmud (Nedim) Pasha, 71 Malta, 216, 231, 238, 302 Manchester School, 349 Mandela, Nelson, 370 Maories, 311, 324 Marvin, Charles, 1-4, 7, 254 Masterly inactivity, 295 Mauley, Baron de, 289 Maurice, John, 221, 228, 230 Mazzini, Giuseppe, 47 Mediterranean Sea, 59, 61, 161 Merchant Shipping Acts, 276 Meredith, Owen, 327 Mesopotamia, 72, 252, 260 Michel, John, 56 Michel, Lady, 55-57, 59, 223 Midhat Pasha, 69-72, 94 Midhat, Ahmed §efik. See Midhat Pasha Midlothian campaign (1879-1880), 19, 245, 290 Minto, William, 109 Montenegro, 68, 160, 262 Morley, John, 1, 23, 51, 84, 92, 282, 284, 315, 316, 319, 360, 361 Mount Lebanon Civil War (1860), 16 Munro-Buder-Johnstone, Henry, 147, 276 Muntz, Philip Henry, 306, 330 Murad V, Sultan, 94, 98, 99 Musurus Pasha, 63, 156, 157 417 N Natal, 203 National Liberal Federation, 293, 306 New diplomatic history, 39-41 New Guinea Colonising Association, 193 New imperialism, 34-36, 52, 153, 173, 177, 199, 205, 226, 237, 246, 247, 264, 283, 285, 306, 334, 364, 367 Nightingale, Florence, 14, 167 Nonconformism, 68, 91, 131, 276 Northbrook, Earl of, 295, 304 Northcote, H.S., 148 Northcote, Stafford, 113, 148, 256, 305, 306, 324 Novi Pazar, 262 О Omar Pasha, 206 Opium War (1839-1842), 42 Orangemen, 126, 127, 276 Orange Order. See Orangemen Oranmore and Browne, Baron, 267 Orientalism, 32, 52, 272 exoticism. See Orientalism racism. See Antisemitism; Orientalism, Antisemitism; Turcophobia Osman (Nuri) Pasha, 164, 178, 179, 181,
199 Othello, 266 Ottoman bankruptcy (1875), 86 Ottoman Constitution (1876), 141-143, 146, 157 Ouseley, Frederick, 299 P Palmerston, Viscount, 1, 15, 16, 86, 369 Panslavism, 65-67, 70
418 INDEX Paris, Treaty of (1856), 15, 18, 63, 64, 98, 142, 156, 206, 251, 263, 270, 296 Partridge, J. Arthur, 300, 301 Pears, Edwin, 102, 104, 108 Pease, Henry Fell, 109, 110, 113, 118, 276 Peel, Robert, 369, 370 People’s Will, 66 Narodnaya Volya. See People’s Will Persia, 62, 73, 224, 300 Iran. See Persia Persian Gulf, 8, 70, 72, 211 Phantasmagoria, 308, 309 philhellenism, 11 Pim, Bedford, 184, 196 Plevna, Siege of (1877), 139, 162-165, 168-170, 199 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 66 Polish Question, 5, 62, 372 Polish Uprising (1863), 61 Q Qatari-Bahraini War (1867-1868), 17 R Rahman Khan, Abdur, 359 Ranke, Leopold von, 39 Redcliffe, Viscount Stratford de, 57, 114, 144, 370-371 Red Sea, 59, 132, 161, 299 Reform Act (1867), 42 Representation of the People Act (1884), 365 Rhodes, 210, 213, 214 Rhodope Mountains, 325 Richmond, Duke of, 87, 130 Ridley, Matthew, 85, 86 Roberts, Frederick, 309, 326, 327 Rosebery, Earl of, 51, 308, 309, 332, 338, 339, 342, 346, 352 Rothschild, Hannah de, 112, 332 Rosebery, Countess of. See Rothschild, Hannah de Royal Engineers, 206, 207, 220 Russell, Lord Odo, 217, 247, 248, 268 Russell, William Howard, 14 Russophobia, 14, 30, 61, 62, 79, 81 95, 114, 124, 126, 128, 144, 173, 176, 178, 181, 184, 185, 187, 188, 192, 197, 237, 262, 289, 290, 295, 302 Russophobes. See Russophobia Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), 9, 19, 24, 26, 66, 135-199, 205, 232, 234, 245, 251, 295, 302, 323, 348, 358 Rylands, Peter, 288-291, 293, 307, 315 S Saffet Pasha, 257 Salisbury, Marquess of, 15, 25, 143, 146-153, 155, 158, 213, 215-217, 224, 230, 243-245, 247, 249, 251, 254-256,
258-260, 264-266, 268, 289, 290, 292, 293, 298, 304, 305, 328, 330, 331, 340, 367, 368 Salonica, 90, 93, 95, 96 Thessaloniki. See Salonica San Stefano, Treaty of (1878), 251, 252, 254, 256, 263 Sayyid Muhammad, Khan, 73 Schuyler, Eugene, 103 Scientific frontier, 295, 320 Serbia, 31, 136, 160, 262 Sher Ali Khan, Amir, 294, 340 Shipka Pass, 137, 163, 168, 169 Shuvalov, Count Pyotr Andreyevich, 153, 155, 216, 256 Sidebottom, Tom, 268
INDEX Simmons, Lintorn, 148, 150, 206-215, 217, 219-226, 230, 233, 234, 236, 248, 282, 295 Smith, Goldwin, 21, 315, 316 Sobieski, King Jan III, 62 Social Darwinism, 295, 315 South Africa, 226, 231, 311, 312, 324, 336, 364-366 Stamp Act, Repeal of (1855), 62 Stampalia, 214, 218 Astypalaia. See Stampalia Stanley, Frederick, 216 Stanley, Robert (Reschid), 128 St. Clair, S.G.B., 83, 184 Stead, W.T., 5, 21, 43, 96, 108, 116, 122, 130, 272, 301, 303, 314, 316, 319, 360 Stewart, Donald, 309 Suavi, Ali, 75 Suez Canal, 18, 56, 59, 67, 72, 81, 86-89, 132, 161, 175, 237, 300, 308, 364 Sybil, 317 Syria, 62, 101, 102, 146, 219, 260, 289, 298 T Tancred, 76, 215, 272, 277, 317-319 Tanzimat, 142 Teck, Duchess of, 194 Cambridge, Princess Mary Adelaide of. See Teck, Duchess of Teck, Duke of, 194 Tel El Kebir, Battle of, 229 Temperance movement, 357 Tennyson, Baron, 371 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. See Tennyson, Baron Tenterden, Baron, 248-254 Treddle, J., 307 Trollope, Anthony, 320 Tunisia, 260, 365 419 Turcophilia, 81, 128, 183 Turcophiles. See Turcophilia Turcophobia, 83 Turcophobes. See Turcophobia Turnerelli, Tracy, 331, 332, 351, 352 U ‘Urabi Revolt (1879-1882), 311 Urquhart, David, 124, 183 V Vambéry, Arminius, 73, 75, 76 Vereshchagin, Vasily, 77 Victoria, Queen, 4, 68, 87, 88, 95, 105, 161, 177, 215, 312, 353 Vienna, Siege of (1683), 62 Vivian Grey, 289, 327 W Waddington, William Henry, 260, 262 Weil, Maurice-Henry, 75, 79 Wellington, Duke of, 12, 369 West Africa, 80, 231 Wight, William, 183, 184 Wilde, Oscar, 59 Wilhelm I, King, 63 Wolseley, Garnet, 21, 203, 204, 226-228, 355, 363
Wolseley ring, 227 Y Yaqub Khan, Mohammad, 310 Young England trilogy, 276, 317 Young Ottomans, 69, 94 Z Zulus, 311, 324, 326, 336, 342 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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Contents 1 “Veiled Under the Easy Name of the Eastern Question”: Locating the Eastern Question in 1870s Britain 1 1 4 7 18 19 May 30th, 1878: A Dark Night in London Setting the Scene Historical Background to 1870 A Synopsis of the 1870s The Sources 2 “Altered Out of All Recognition”: Unearthing the Eastern Question from Its Grave 27 The Debates The Historiography of the Eastern Question The Eastern Question and the “New Imperialism” The Eastern Question and “New” Diplomatic History The Eastern Question and Victorian Politics The Eastern Question, British “Interests,” and Gladstone vs. Disraeli The Eastern Question and “the East” 3 “The Eastern Question Cannot Settle Itself’: From Bulgaria to India and Back Again A Ball in Dublin The Eastern Question’s Slavic Decade 27 27 34 39 44 49 52 55 55 60 xi
XÜ CONTENTS Before Bulgaria: The Press, Politics, and the Pastern Question The Shift in Opinion: Murder, Massacre, and Muslims Two Eastern Questions, Two Empires Conclusion: Pressure and Response 4 The Triumph of War: The 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War in Victorian Society A Forgotten War The Failure of Peace Choosing Empire, Choosing War Britain’s Siege of Plevna: Visualizing Eastern Violence War of Words: The Daily Telegraph, Jingo Russophobia, and the New Imperialism Mob Rule, Britannia! Conclusion: “A Suggestion of National Animus” 80 93 113 129 135 135 139 151 158 173 187 197 5 Surveillance, Negotiation, and Propaganda in British Imperialism: The Case of Cyprus 201 A Dance by Madame Collier 201 General Simmons’ Secret Task Force 206 An “Experiment in Good Government,” or Life After Cyprus 216 Conclusion, Public Opinion (s) 232 6 Imperialism by Negotiation: Britain at the 1878 Congress of Berlin An Express from Germany Der Herr Von Tenterden, Das Ist Der Mann? “Others Will Grumble More Britannica” Conclusion: A New British Order 7 Another Eastern Question: The Eastern Question Expands An Army of Savages “An Inheritance of Hatred”: Tying Two Easts Together in Afghanistan “Good Old Liberal Medicine”: Race, Class, and Imperialism’s Discontents “The Anarchies of the Eastern World, the Rights of the Savage”: The Eastern Question and the Midlothian Campaign Conclusion: The People’s Eastern Question, the People’s Empire 243 243 246 265 281 287 287 294 312 334 350
CONTENTS 8 “The Eastern Question Will Never Be Solved”: The Perseverance of History A Dog of the Regiment Egypt for the Britons, or Sir Garnet to the Rescue June 27th, 2016: A Sunny Day in London XÜi 355 355 356 369 Bibliography 375 Index 411
Bibliography Primary Sources Archival: 1. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates (3rd Series) a. Vol. 204 (1871), col. 1603-1604 b. Vol. 216 (1873), col. 943-949 c. Vol. 225 (1875), col. 207 d. Vol. 227 (1876), col. 54, 57, 80, 86, 105, 574-577, 606-607 e. Vol. 230 (1876), col. 424-426, 1182 f. Vol. 231 (1876), col. 203, 215, 727 g. Vol. 232 (1877), col. 232 h. Vol. 234 (1877), col. 234, 1561-1566 i. Vol. 235 (1877), col. 235 j. Vol. 238 (1878), col. 278, 281 k. Vol. 241 (1878), col. 1433, 1435-1436, 1769 1. Vol. 242 (1878), col. 52-61, 534-535, 559, 569, 677, 683, 707, 721, 913-914 m. Vol. 243 (1878), col. 530-622, 735 2. United Kingdom. British Library collections a. Carnarvon Papers * BL Add. MS 60758, f. 175-178, 179-182, 185-186, 192 * BL Add. MS 60759, f. 11-12 * BL Add. MS 60765, f. 104-107 b. Layard Papers *BL Add. MS 39131, f. 90-93 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 L. R. Schumacher, The Eastern Question in 1870s Britain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36514-0 375
376 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3. United Kingdom. National Archives collections (official and personal) a. Cabinet Papers (CAB) *CAB 41/7/10 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/12 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/14 (official Cabinet reports) *CAB 41/7/15 (official Cabinet reports) b. Foreign Office Papers (FO) * FO 78/2551, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 1 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2552, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 2 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2553, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 3 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2554, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 4 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2555, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 5 (petitions/letters) * FO 78/2556, Atrocities in Bulgaria, Vol. 6 (petitions/letters) *FO 358/1, Simmons Papers {Defence of Constantinople, mise, papers) *FO 358/2, Simmons Papers (Russo-Turkish War, Cyprus, mise, papers) *FO 358/3, Simmons Papers (Russo-Turkish War, Cyprus, mise, papers) *FO 363/4, Tenterden Papers (“Globe scandal”) *FO 881/2903 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3049 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3410 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3469 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3526 (letters/memos) *FO 881/3596 (letters/memos) *F O 918/64 (letters/memos) c. Extracts from FO Papers (MFQ 8c MPK) *MFQ 1/255 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/434, f. 4, 61 145, 156, 544 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/481, f. 312, 363, 365-369, 926 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/482, f. 722, 727 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/483, f. 432 (maps and plans) *MPK 1/485 (maps and plans) d. Public Record Office Papers (PRO) *PRO 30/29/22A/8, Granville Papers (letters) *PRO 30/51/3, f. 113-114, 120-121, Cairns Papers (letters) *PRO 30/51/4, 7, 20-21 Cairns
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 409 Tuminez, Astrid S. Russian Nationalism since 1856: Ideology and the Making of Foreign Policy. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2000. Tusan, Michelle. “Britain and the Middle East: New Historical Perspectives on the Eastern Question.” History Compass 8, no. 3 (2010): 212-222. Tusan, Michelle. The British Empire and the Armenian Genocide: Humanitari anism and Imperial Politics from Gladstone to Churchill. London: LB. Tauris, 2019. Tusan, Michelle. Smyrna’s Ashes: Humanitarianism, Genocide, and the Birth of the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. Urbach, Karina. Bismarck’s Favourite Englishmen: Lord Odo Russell’s Mission to Berlin. London: LB. Tauris, 1999. Uyar, Mesut, and Edward J. Erickson. A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatiirk. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Varnava, Andrekos. British Imperialism in Cyprus, 1878-1915: The Inconsequen tial Possession. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009. Vetch, R. H. “Home, Robert (1837-1879).” Rev. Roger T. Steam. In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Online ed., ed. Lawrence Goldman, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezp 1 .lib.umn.edu/view/art icle/13648. Vetch, R. H. “Simmons, Sir John Lintorn Arabin (1821-1903).” Rev. James Lunt. In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Online ed., ed. Lawrence Goldman, January 2008, http://www.oxforddnb.com. ezpl.lib.umn.edu/view/article/36094. Vincent, David.
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Index A Abanazer (Aladdin pantomime villain), 110 Abdulaziz, Sultan, 67, 69, 72, 93, 94, 97, 98 Abdülhamid II, Sultan, 70, 145, 150, 298 Aberdeen, Earl of, 14, 308 Abyssinia, 17, 125, 297 Ethiopia. See Abyssinia Adair, Cornelia, 57, 59 Aegean Sea, 252 Afghanistan, 75, 224-227, 231, 288, 294-296, 300-304, 306, 307, 310-312, 320, 321, 324-326, 340, 341, 343, 346, 358, 359 Ainsworth, William Harrison, 330 Alabama claims, 80 Alexander II, Emperor, 66, 72, 124, 161, 172, 178, 263 Alexander III, Emperor, 66 Alexandretta, 214-216, 218, 223 Iskanderun. See Alexandretta Alexandria, 91, 211, 218, 300, 363, 365 Ali, Hyder, 108 Ali Masjid, Battle of (1878), 321 Ali Pasha, 70 Âli, Mehmed Emin. See Ali Pasha Alison, Archibald, 229 Amaserah, 221 Amasra. See Amaserah American Civil War, 17, 166 Anatolia, 62, 93, 160, 206, 221, 358 Asia Minor. See Anatolia Anderson, George, 109 Andrassy, Count Gyula, 85, 90, 262, 330 Anglo-Afghan War (1838-1842), 225 Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880), 19, 364 Anglo-Egyptian War (1882), 34, 204, 229, 355 Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784), 108 Anglo-Russian Agreement (1878), 1, 254, 255, 256, 258 Anglo-Zulu War (1879), 311 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 L. R. Schumacher, The Eastern Question in 1870s Britain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36514-0 411
412 INDEX Anti-imperialism, 238 Antisemitism, 317, 331, 334 Jewishness. See Antisemitism Judaism. See Antisemitism Armit, R.H., 190, 193, 196 Arnold, Edwin, 176 Ashanti Empire, 80 Aussenpolitik, 39 Primat der Aussenpolitik. See Aussenpolitik Austin, Alfred, 130 В Balkans, 3, 29-31, 34, 53, 57, 61, 83, 93, 95, 96, 103, 116, 136, 137, 139, 144, 156, 159, 160, 166, 172, 179, 183, 186, 192, 206-209, 251, 253, 295, 311, 342, 349, 358 Bardett, Ellis, 192, 193 bashi-bazouks, 101-103, 107, 108, 110, 112, 165 Batak, Massacre at, 107, 109 Batde of Navarino (1827), 12 Batumi, 3, 208, 211, 212, 254, 258, 259 Beaconsfieldism, 314, 336, 349, 361, 362, 365 Belize, 231 Benjamin, Walter, 5, 18, 308 Benthamism, 300 Berg, Louis, 301 Berlin, Congress of (1878), 6, 19, 35, 66, 76, 204, 206, 216, 225, 245, 246, 264, 291, 302, 352, 356, 357 Berlin, Congress of (1884-1885), 6, 246, 264 Berlin Memorandum (1876), 95, 97, 98, 238 Berlin, Treaty of (1878), 66, 160, 225 Beçik Bay, 90, 98, 212 Bessarabia, 254 Biddulph, Robert, 228 Bismarck, Otto von, 63 Blowitz, Henry de, 296 Boehm, Edgar, 369 Bolan, 309 Bosnia, 68, 136, 141, 262, 263 Bosphorus, 9, 64, 79, 208, 212, 236, 258, 259 Bowyer, George, 336 Brackenbury, Henry, 228 Bradford, Countess of, 25 Bradlaugh, Charles, 188-190, 193-195 Bright, John, 46, 91, 113, 163, 235, 281, 283, 293, 306, 314, 330, 339, 344, 349, 365 Brophy, Charles, 83, 184 Browne, Samuel, 267, 309 Buccleuch, (5th) Duke of, 350 Bulgaria, 3, 18, 31, 60, 67-70, 95, 101, 102, 105, 107-109, 112, 113, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 136, 141, 142, 146, 159, 160, 162, 163, 206, 209, 251, 252
Bulgarian Agitation, 41, 43, 48, 60, 87, 90, 133, 139, 146, 151, 158, 163, 185, 186, 192, 217, 236, 323, 325, 338, 365 Bulgarian Atrocities, 19, 45, 47, 54, 60, 76, 83, 93, 99, 101-103, 105, 107, 109, 112, 113, 116, 120, 122, 123, 134, 152, 182, 184, 185, 229, 271, 280, 299, 300 Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 19,45, 54, 115, 116, 343 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 67, 184 Burke, Edmund, 53, 108 Burleigh, Bennet, 177 Burmese Empire, 311
INDEX Burma. See Burmese Empire Butt, Isaac, 269 Byzantine Empire, 65 C Cambridge, Duke of, 204, 212, 227, 232, 235 Cambridge, Prince George of. See Cambridge, Duke of Cameron, Charles, 197 Campbell, Baron, 183 Campbell, George (Liberal MP for Kirkaldy Burghs), 236, 340 Canning, Charles, 370 Canning, George, 370 Cape of Good Hope, 289 Carlingford, Baron, 307 Carnarvon, Earl of, 147, 151, 152, 158, 188, 189 Carol I, Prince, 160 Cartwright, William, 50, 51 Caucasus, 3, 62, 159, 160, 183, 206, 220, 251, 252, 358 Cavagnari, Louis, 326, 327 Cawnpore, Massacre at, 107-110, 112, 113, 117 Cecil, Lady Gwendolen, 25, 244, 262 Central Asia, 16, 18, 36, 61, 67, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 95, 161, 184, 224, 225, 305, 324, 341 Chamberlain, Joseph, 51, 92, 278, 285, 292, 306, 330, 339, 364, 366-368 Chapman, John, 300 Charles III, King, 372 Chartists, 43, 103, 281, 324 Chechens, 221 Chesterfield, Countess of, 25, 97, 304, 353 Childers, Hugh, 112 China, 43, 73, 298, 299 Churchill, Horace, 56 413 Circassian Genocide, 16 Clarendon, Earl of, 14 Clarke, F.C.H., 224 Cobden, Richard, 14, 46, 163, 281 Collins, Wilkie, 320 Coningsby, 272, 276, 317 Constantinople Conference (1876-1877), 130, 141, 143-145, 148, 151, 153, 157, 158, 209, 213, 249, 259 Corn Laws, 276 Corry, Montagu, 176, 214 Corti, Luigi, 259, 263 Cossacks, 62, 168, 169, 177 Crealock, Hope, 56, 184, 185 Cretan Revolt (1866-1869), 17, 60, 61, 101 Crete, 81, 210, 214, 218, 236, 298 Crimean system, 15, 16, 85, 86, 114, 142, 158, 214, 245, 260, 263, 270 Crimean War (1853-1856), 4, 6, 13-16, 18, 32, 56, 86, 90, 108, 117, 119, 142, 144, 154, 156,
167, 168, 181, 199, 206, 208, 209, 221-223, 266, 296, 297 Cromer, Earl of, 228, 229, 364 Baring, Evelyn. See Cromer, Earl of Cross, R.A., 256, 259, 330 Crystal Palace speech, 89 Cultural imperialism, 219, 282 Cyprus, 4, 19, 21, 24, 26, 35, 45, 202-207, 210, 211, 213-219, 223-234, 236, 237, 239-241, 245, 256-259, 263-268, 277, 278, 282, 283, 304, 305, 319, 336, 341, 346, 355, 357, 363, 364, 366 Cyprus Convention (1878), 216, 239-241, 248, 254, 256, 257, 259, 277, 282, 346, 355
414 INDEX Dalkeith, Earl of, 338, 341, 343, 346, 349-351 Buccleuch, (6th) Duke of. See Dalkeith, Earl of Dardanelles Straits, 9, 98, 207, 210, 258 Derby, (14th) Earl of, 362, 369 Derby, (15th) Earl of, 86-88, 98, 101, 105, 106, 113, 116, 123, 128-133, 146, 157, 158, 159, 188, 206, 212, 215, 216, 241, 248 Stanley, Edward Henry. See Derby, (15th) Earl of Dilke, Charles, 249, 271, 339 Disraeli, Benjamin, 5, 18-20, 25, 46, 47, 48, 51, 76, 88, 89, 97, 105, 113, 129, 131, 180, 212, 215, 217, 219, 225, 230, 233, 238, 239, 243, 245-247, 255, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 268, 272, 276, 285, 288, 289, 304-306, 314, 316, 317, 319, 320, 323, 324, 327, 331, 332, 334, 335, 340, 347, 351, 353, 361, 363, 365, 366, 370 Beaconsfield, Earl of. See Beaconsfield, Earl of Dohsé, Frederick de, 124, 125 Dorchester, Baron, 182, 183 Dreikeiserbund, 95, 97 Drummond-Wolff, Henry, 20, 128, 276 Dual Alliance, 290, 328, 330, 349 Dunraven, Earl of, 183 E East, Cecil J., 225, 226 Eastern Crisis (1875-1878), 4, 6, 16, 19, 21, 22, 37, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 60, 75, 80, 85, 91, 93, 104, 126, 130, 132, 151, 152, 173, 181, 197, 198, 202, 205, 215, 219, 220, 223, 226, 229, 231, 233, 236, 238, 245, 248, 249, 264, 271, 280, 283, 285, 291, 293, 294, 296, 302, 305, 314, 315, 323, 335, 338, 340, 356, 357, 358, 360, 363, 366 Eastern Roumelia, 307 Edward VII, King, 235 Egypt, 4, 8, 10, 35, 56, 81, 86, 204, 205, 210, 213, 214, 227, 229-231, 236, 237, 260, 285, 289, 291, 296, 300, 311, 338, 341, 349, 357, 363-366 Khedivate of Egypt. See Egypt Egyptian bankruptcy (1876), 57 Elgin, Earl of, 230 Elizabe± II, Queen, 372 Elliot,
Henry, 21, 71, 98, 101, 106, 109, 114, 118, 146, 148, 149, 152, 207 Erekli, 221 Karadeniz Eregli. See Erekli F Factory Acts, 298 Farley, J. Lewis, 69 Fawcett, Millicent, 370 Fenianism, 134, 184 Fenians. See Fenians Fenton, Roger, 14 Fiji, 282-284 First Boer War (1880-1881), 311 First Home Rule Bill (1886), 319 First World War, 28, 33, 66, 135, 137, 205, 297 Forbes, Archibald, 165, 169, 186, 187 Forster, E.W., 103 Forward policy, 295
INDEX Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), 18, 62, 76, 80, 167, 328, 356 Franz Joseph I, Emperor, 349 Fraser, Thomas, 207, 208 Freeman, E.A., 21, 84, 85, 110, 187, 195, 236, 272, 276, 314, 316, 357, 368 Gallenga, Antonio, 24, 82, 83, 97, 104 Gallipoli, 28, 177, 179, 207, 210, 212, 214, 219, 224, 232, 233, 235, 236 Gambetta, Léon, 63, 268 Gandamak, Treaty of (1879), 310, 311, 323, 326, 359 Gandhi, Mahatma, 370 Garibaldi, Guiseppe, 47 Gavazzi, Modesto, 76 Gentlemanly capitalism, 37 Gibraltar, 186, 231 Gladstone, Catherine, 342 Gladstone, William Ewart, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 41, 42, 45, 48-52, 54, 79, 80, 87, 89-92, 98, 102, 104, 106, 112, 114-119, 122, 127, 130, 133, 159, 173, 175, 177, 187, 194, 228, 235, 240, 245, 247, 268, 272, 276, 277, 279, 282-285, 290-292, 298, 301, 305-309, 314, 318, 319, 323, 328, 334-350, 352, 353, 357, 360-366 Globe scandal. See Marvin, Charles Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich, 63, 64, 153, 154, 247, 255, 263 Gordon, Charles George, 207 Granville, Earl of, 25, 63, 89, 90, 98, 114, 115, 248, 267, 353, 364 415 Great Game, 36, 75, 161, 177, 226, 229, 290, 295 Greece, 11, 31, 107, 230, 262, 371 Greek War of Independence (1821-1829), 11, 14, 42, 84 Greenwood, Frederick, 319, 337 H Hamley, Edward, 229, 230 Hansard, 20, 23, 50, 85, 86, 89, 90, 103, 106, 109, 125, 128, 183, 267-271, 277, 278, 283, 289, 325, 340 Harcourt, William, 91, 92 Hardy, Gathorne, 125, 131, 206, 207, 210, 212, 213, 216, 224, 304 Hare, William, 223 Hartington, Marquess of, 86, 87, 89-92, 114, 115, 269, 270, 293, 328, 330, 335, 339, 344, 353, 360, 366 Herbert, Auberon, 21, 189, 236
Herbert, William von, 162 Herzegovina, 18, 62, 80, 81, 95, 98, 141, 262, 263 Hicks-Beach, Michael, 278 Higgin, WH., 287 Hitchman, Francis, 332 Hobson, J.A., 198, 362 Home, Robert, 148, 150, 207-214, 216-219, 221-226, 229, 230, 234, 240, 241, 248, 255, 282, 304 Home Rule (Ireland), 48, 49, 91, 92, 177, 279, 320, 339, 347, 350, 360, 361, 365, 366 Home Rule League, 80, 127, 269, 326, 350 Hozier, Henry, 24 humanitarianism, 5, 49, 239, 280, 339, 367 Hunt, Thornton Leigh, 176, 313
416 INDEX Hyde Park Association, 189, 190, 194, 195, 302 Hyde Park riots (1866), 187 I Ignatyev, Count Nicolay Pavlovich, 70, 71, 94, 144 India, 18, 36, 37, 56, 59, 67, 72, 79, 108, 112, 151, 161, 177, 178, 185, 186, 204, 208, 211, 216, 218, 224, 226, 228, 230, 231, 264, 277-279, 289, 292, 294-296, 298, 301-304, 310, 312, 327, 336, 358, 366, 370 The Raj. See India Indian Rebellion (1857-1858), 16, 56, 107, 119, 185, 310, 359, 370 Innenpolitik, 40, 303, 339 Intelligence Branch, 208, 209, 224-226, 228-231, 248, 304 internationalism, 187 Ionian Islands, 10, 231 Irish Land Act (1870), 92 Irish Question, 127, 276, 366 Irish University Bill (1873), 92 Isma’il Pasha, Khedive, 81, 86, 211, 363, 364 Izzeddin, §ehzade Yusuf, 72 J Jewish Question, 5, 372 Jingoism, 181, 187, 194, 196-199, 318, 327, 330, 348 “By Jingo!”. See Jingoism Hunt, G.W. See Jingoism “The Great MacDermott”. See Jingoism К Kabul, 225, 226, 294, 302, 304, 305 326, 327, 359 Kars, 3, 160, 214, 254, 258, 260 Khiva, Khanate of, 18, 73, 75, 77, 181 Khiva, Russian conquest of (1873). See Khiva, Khanate of Kimberley, Earl of, 307 Kipling, Rudyard, 282 Kohat, 310 Kosovo, 262 Kurds, 221 Kushi, 226 Khoshi. See Kushi Kyber Pass, 307 L Lansdowne, Marquess of, 230 Larnaca, 267 Latey, John, 328, 330, 331, 334 Layard, Austen Henry, 21, 211, 215, 247, 248, 251, 254, 257 Lemnos, 216 Lennox, W.O., 150 Lerch, Petr Ivanovich, 75 Levant, 61, 205, 210, 219, 225, 295 Levy-Lawson, Edward, 21, 112, 173, 175, 176, 189, 319 Liberal Unionism, 48, 92, 360, 366 Lister, T.V., 131, 132 Loftus, Lord Augustus, 251 London Protocol (1877), 153, 155,
157, 158, 161 London Straits Convention (1841), 12, 15, 98 London, Treaty of (1871), 18, 64, 65 Louis, A.H., 313 Lowe, Robert, 89, 281-283 Lytton, Earl of, 294, 295, 302-305, 327
INDEX Meredith, Owen. See Meredith, Owen Μ MacColl, Malcolm, 23, 186, 187 MacGahan, Januarius Aloysius, 76, 77, 79 Madagascar, 365 Mahmud (Nedim) Pasha, 71 Malta, 216, 231, 238, 302 Manchester School, 349 Mandela, Nelson, 370 Maories, 311, 324 Marvin, Charles, 1-4, 7, 254 Masterly inactivity, 295 Mauley, Baron de, 289 Maurice, John, 221, 228, 230 Mazzini, Giuseppe, 47 Mediterranean Sea, 59, 61, 161 Merchant Shipping Acts, 276 Meredith, Owen, 327 Mesopotamia, 72, 252, 260 Michel, John, 56 Michel, Lady, 55-57, 59, 223 Midhat Pasha, 69-72, 94 Midhat, Ahmed §efik. See Midhat Pasha Midlothian campaign (1879-1880), 19, 245, 290 Minto, William, 109 Montenegro, 68, 160, 262 Morley, John, 1, 23, 51, 84, 92, 282, 284, 315, 316, 319, 360, 361 Mount Lebanon Civil War (1860), 16 Munro-Buder-Johnstone, Henry, 147, 276 Muntz, Philip Henry, 306, 330 Murad V, Sultan, 94, 98, 99 Musurus Pasha, 63, 156, 157 417 N Natal, 203 National Liberal Federation, 293, 306 New diplomatic history, 39-41 New Guinea Colonising Association, 193 New imperialism, 34-36, 52, 153, 173, 177, 199, 205, 226, 237, 246, 247, 264, 283, 285, 306, 334, 364, 367 Nightingale, Florence, 14, 167 Nonconformism, 68, 91, 131, 276 Northbrook, Earl of, 295, 304 Northcote, H.S., 148 Northcote, Stafford, 113, 148, 256, 305, 306, 324 Novi Pazar, 262 О Omar Pasha, 206 Opium War (1839-1842), 42 Orangemen, 126, 127, 276 Orange Order. See Orangemen Oranmore and Browne, Baron, 267 Orientalism, 32, 52, 272 exoticism. See Orientalism racism. See Antisemitism; Orientalism, Antisemitism; Turcophobia Osman (Nuri) Pasha, 164, 178, 179, 181,
199 Othello, 266 Ottoman bankruptcy (1875), 86 Ottoman Constitution (1876), 141-143, 146, 157 Ouseley, Frederick, 299 P Palmerston, Viscount, 1, 15, 16, 86, 369 Panslavism, 65-67, 70
418 INDEX Paris, Treaty of (1856), 15, 18, 63, 64, 98, 142, 156, 206, 251, 263, 270, 296 Partridge, J. Arthur, 300, 301 Pears, Edwin, 102, 104, 108 Pease, Henry Fell, 109, 110, 113, 118, 276 Peel, Robert, 369, 370 People’s Will, 66 Narodnaya Volya. See People’s Will Persia, 62, 73, 224, 300 Iran. See Persia Persian Gulf, 8, 70, 72, 211 Phantasmagoria, 308, 309 philhellenism, 11 Pim, Bedford, 184, 196 Plevna, Siege of (1877), 139, 162-165, 168-170, 199 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 66 Polish Question, 5, 62, 372 Polish Uprising (1863), 61 Q Qatari-Bahraini War (1867-1868), 17 R Rahman Khan, Abdur, 359 Ranke, Leopold von, 39 Redcliffe, Viscount Stratford de, 57, 114, 144, 370-371 Red Sea, 59, 132, 161, 299 Reform Act (1867), 42 Representation of the People Act (1884), 365 Rhodes, 210, 213, 214 Rhodope Mountains, 325 Richmond, Duke of, 87, 130 Ridley, Matthew, 85, 86 Roberts, Frederick, 309, 326, 327 Rosebery, Earl of, 51, 308, 309, 332, 338, 339, 342, 346, 352 Rothschild, Hannah de, 112, 332 Rosebery, Countess of. See Rothschild, Hannah de Royal Engineers, 206, 207, 220 Russell, Lord Odo, 217, 247, 248, 268 Russell, William Howard, 14 Russophobia, 14, 30, 61, 62, 79, 81 95, 114, 124, 126, 128, 144, 173, 176, 178, 181, 184, 185, 187, 188, 192, 197, 237, 262, 289, 290, 295, 302 Russophobes. See Russophobia Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), 9, 19, 24, 26, 66, 135-199, 205, 232, 234, 245, 251, 295, 302, 323, 348, 358 Rylands, Peter, 288-291, 293, 307, 315 S Saffet Pasha, 257 Salisbury, Marquess of, 15, 25, 143, 146-153, 155, 158, 213, 215-217, 224, 230, 243-245, 247, 249, 251, 254-256,
258-260, 264-266, 268, 289, 290, 292, 293, 298, 304, 305, 328, 330, 331, 340, 367, 368 Salonica, 90, 93, 95, 96 Thessaloniki. See Salonica San Stefano, Treaty of (1878), 251, 252, 254, 256, 263 Sayyid Muhammad, Khan, 73 Schuyler, Eugene, 103 Scientific frontier, 295, 320 Serbia, 31, 136, 160, 262 Sher Ali Khan, Amir, 294, 340 Shipka Pass, 137, 163, 168, 169 Shuvalov, Count Pyotr Andreyevich, 153, 155, 216, 256 Sidebottom, Tom, 268
INDEX Simmons, Lintorn, 148, 150, 206-215, 217, 219-226, 230, 233, 234, 236, 248, 282, 295 Smith, Goldwin, 21, 315, 316 Sobieski, King Jan III, 62 Social Darwinism, 295, 315 South Africa, 226, 231, 311, 312, 324, 336, 364-366 Stamp Act, Repeal of (1855), 62 Stampalia, 214, 218 Astypalaia. See Stampalia Stanley, Frederick, 216 Stanley, Robert (Reschid), 128 St. Clair, S.G.B., 83, 184 Stead, W.T., 5, 21, 43, 96, 108, 116, 122, 130, 272, 301, 303, 314, 316, 319, 360 Stewart, Donald, 309 Suavi, Ali, 75 Suez Canal, 18, 56, 59, 67, 72, 81, 86-89, 132, 161, 175, 237, 300, 308, 364 Sybil, 317 Syria, 62, 101, 102, 146, 219, 260, 289, 298 T Tancred, 76, 215, 272, 277, 317-319 Tanzimat, 142 Teck, Duchess of, 194 Cambridge, Princess Mary Adelaide of. See Teck, Duchess of Teck, Duke of, 194 Tel El Kebir, Battle of, 229 Temperance movement, 357 Tennyson, Baron, 371 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. See Tennyson, Baron Tenterden, Baron, 248-254 Treddle, J., 307 Trollope, Anthony, 320 Tunisia, 260, 365 419 Turcophilia, 81, 128, 183 Turcophiles. See Turcophilia Turcophobia, 83 Turcophobes. See Turcophobia Turnerelli, Tracy, 331, 332, 351, 352 U ‘Urabi Revolt (1879-1882), 311 Urquhart, David, 124, 183 V Vambéry, Arminius, 73, 75, 76 Vereshchagin, Vasily, 77 Victoria, Queen, 4, 68, 87, 88, 95, 105, 161, 177, 215, 312, 353 Vienna, Siege of (1683), 62 Vivian Grey, 289, 327 W Waddington, William Henry, 260, 262 Weil, Maurice-Henry, 75, 79 Wellington, Duke of, 12, 369 West Africa, 80, 231 Wight, William, 183, 184 Wilde, Oscar, 59 Wilhelm I, King, 63 Wolseley, Garnet, 21, 203, 204, 226-228, 355, 363
Wolseley ring, 227 Y Yaqub Khan, Mohammad, 310 Young England trilogy, 276, 317 Young Ottomans, 69, 94 Z Zulus, 311, 324, 326, 336, 342 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1870-1880 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV049506832 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:22:29Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-31T09:02:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783031365133 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034851872 |
| oclc_num | 1424567248 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | xvi, 419 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240222 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Schumacher, Leslie Verfasser (DE-588)1347419969 aut The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire Leslie Rogne Schumacher Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2023] © 2023 xvi, 419 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1870-1880 gnd rswk-swf Imperialism and Colonialism History of Britain and Ireland History of the Middle East Cultural History Political History Imperialism Great Britain / History Middle East / History Civilization / History World politics Orientalische Frage (DE-588)4172815-4 gnd rswk-swf Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd rswk-swf Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Orientalische Frage (DE-588)4172815-4 s Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 s Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 s Geschichte 1870-1880 z DE-604 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 2024 978-3-031-36516-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-031-36514-0 (DE-604)BV049358894 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Schumacher, Leslie The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire Imperialism and Colonialism History of Britain and Ireland History of the Middle East Cultural History Political History Imperialism Great Britain / History Middle East / History Civilization / History World politics Orientalische Frage (DE-588)4172815-4 gnd Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4172815-4 (DE-588)4043152-6 (DE-588)4026651-5 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire |
| title_auth | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire |
| title_exact_search | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire |
| title_full | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire Leslie Rogne Schumacher |
| title_fullStr | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire Leslie Rogne Schumacher |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire Leslie Rogne Schumacher |
| title_short | The Eastern question in 1870s Britain |
| title_sort | the eastern question in 1870s britain democracy and diplomacy orientalism and empire |
| title_sub | democracy and diplomacy, Orientalism and empire |
| topic | Imperialism and Colonialism History of Britain and Ireland History of the Middle East Cultural History Political History Imperialism Great Britain / History Middle East / History Civilization / History World politics Orientalische Frage (DE-588)4172815-4 gnd Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Imperialism and Colonialism History of Britain and Ireland History of the Middle East Cultural History Political History Imperialism Great Britain / History Middle East / History Civilization / History World politics Orientalische Frage Öffentliche Meinung Imperialismus Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034851872&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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