Enduring Jewish communities around the world: models of effective communication
"This book demonstrates how strong internal and external communication has helped Jewish communities survive globally in unlikely locations, harsh circumstances, and periods of antisemitism. The author examines nine different international Jewish communities from an organizational communication...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Lexington Books
[2024]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This book demonstrates how strong internal and external communication has helped Jewish communities survive globally in unlikely locations, harsh circumstances, and periods of antisemitism. The author examines nine different international Jewish communities from an organizational communication perspective"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 175 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781666913248 |
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Contents Foreword Rabbi Dan Dorsch vii Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands 17 2 Halifax, Canada 31 3 Guatemala City, Guatemala 47 4 San Jose, Costa Rica 59 5 Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana 75 6 Bene Israel of India 85 7 Belmonte, Portugal 99 8 Sofia, Bulgaria 119 9 Iasi, Romania 133 Conclusion 151 10 Bibliography 159 Index 165 About the Author 175 V
Bibliography Abramson, Henry. “When Jews Were ‘Illegals’, They Took Our Children,” Forward, Published July 19, 2018; Accessed June 13, 2022, https://forward.com/community /406188/when-jews-were-illegals-they-took-away-our-children/. The Action Committee of the Polish Colony. “Paid Field,” La Tribuna XIII, No. 3900 (October 27, 1933): 5. Acufla, Bryan. Discussion with the author, March 7, 2022. Anti-Invasionist League. “Paid Field: Before the Invasion of False Poles,” La Prensa Libre, Vol. XXXI, No. 9886 (October 31, 1933): 8. Arens, Edmund. “Religion as Communication,” in The Social Psychology of Com munication, edited by D. Hook et al., 256. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Armah, Alex. Discussion with the author, September 17, 2021. Bachman, Ronald D., ed. “The Crimean War and Unification,” in Romania: A Coun try Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989. Bailey, Garry. “New Church Member Perceptions of Socialization Strategies in High and Low Context Cultures.” Journal of Communication Religion, Vol. 19 (1996): 29-36. Bandel, Netael. “Israeli Defense Ministry Delays Giving State Prosecutor Info on Guatemala Arms Sales,” Jerusalem Post, February 17, 2021, https://www.haaretz .com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-defense-ministry-delays-giving-state-prosecutor-info-on-guatemala-arms-sales-1.9544430. Baron de Hirsch Congregation: Over 100 Years of Jewish Life in Halifax, T3. Hali fax, Canada: Beth Israel Synagogue, 1990. Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Benavides, Fabio. “El Éxodo Judio,” La
Prensa Libre, Vol. XX, No. 5908 (October 6, 1939): 4. Ben Shabat, Ran. “Campus News,” Shalom, Spring 2022, 15. Bengston, Vern. Families and Faith: How Religion is Passed Down Across Genera tions, 166. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 159
160 Bibliography Bletry, Nadia, Thierry Trelluyer, and Ruth Michaelson. “Romania’s Iasi Pogrom, One of the Worst Massacres of Jews during WWII,” France 24, March 25, 2022. “Bnei Menashe.” Shavei Israel, August 30, 2021, https://www.shavei.org/communities/bnei-menashe/. Bodenheimer, Rebecca. “The Guatemalan Civil War: History and Impact,” ThoughtCo., March 21, 2020, https://www.thoughtco.com/guatemalan-civil-war -history-and-impact-4800364. Bogard, Harriet. Discussion with the author, October 28, 2021. Bubis, Freida. Interview with author, March 7, 2022. Bubis, Marcos. Interview with author, March 7, 2022. Burah, Bereu. Discussion with the author, July 13, 2022. Carle, Robert. “A Central American Jerusalem,” Wall Street Journal, November 28, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-south-american-jemsalem-11574967187. Cohen, Judah. Through the Sands of Time: A History of the Jewish Community of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 14. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012. Cohen, Judith R. ‘“Maria, Sister of Aaron, Play Your Tambourine’: Music in the Lives of Crypto-Jewish Women in Portugal,” El Prezente, Vol. 3 (2009): 298. Comunidad Judia de Guatemala. Facebook, December 2, 2021, https://www.facebook.com/comunidadjudiagt. Coopman, S. J. and K. B. Meidlinger, “Power, Hierarchy, and Change: The Stories of a Catholic Parish Staff,” Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 13 (2000): 567-625. Coulianos, Katina. Discussion with the author, July 23, 2021. Dandolo va, Julia. Discussion with the author, February 14, 2022. David, Esther. Bene Appétit: The Cuisine of the Indian Jews,
6. India: Harper Collins. David, Esther. Discussion with the author, August 11, 2021. Delchev, Maxim. Discussion with the author, January 27, 2022. Devir, Nathan P. New Children of Israel: Emerging Jewish Communities in an Era of Globalization. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press, 2017. Diener, Bob. “Guatemala Loves Israel - The Inside Story,” Jerusalem Post, January 4, 2020, https://www.jpost.com/opinion/guatemala-loves-israel-the-inside-story -613109. Diogo, Joâo. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Divekar, Aviv. Discussion with the author, August 17, 2021. Doing Jewish: A Story from Ghana. Directed by Gabrielle Zilkha. Montreal, Canada. Four Corners Publication, Inc., 2017. Dorsch, Dan Rabbi. Discussion with the author, November 10, 2021. Epstein, Stephen. “A Long Lost Tribe is Ready to Come Home,” Bnei Menashe, https://www.bneimenashe.com/history.html. Esanu, Martha. Discussion with the author, August 18, 2022. Federman, Asher Rabbi. Discussion with the author, July 24, 2021. Federman, Henya. Discussion with the author, July 24, 2021. Fenyvesi, Charles. “A Rabbi’s Politics of Cooperation Moses Rosen, Lobbying for Romania,” Washington Post, February 21,1983.
Bibliography 161 Feschbach, Michael Rabbi. Discussion with the author, July 23, 2021. Feuerzeig, Hank and Penny Feuerzeig. Discussion with the author, July 23, 2021. Freedman, Jeffrey. “Har Carmel in Guatemala, Rebuilding and Growing a Central American Jewish Community,” Kulanu, https://kulanu.org/communities/guatemala /har-carmel-guatemala-rebuilding-growing-central-american-jewish-community/. Freund, Michael. “The Arrival of the Benei Menashe is a Hannukah Miracle,” Jeru salem Post, December 19, 2020, https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/the-arrival-of-the -bnei-menashe-is-a-hanukkah-miracle-652437. Gelber, N. Μ. “Jewish Life in Bulgaria,” Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1946): 103. Ghiuzeli, Haim. “The Jewish Community Varna, Bulgaria,” Museum of the Jewish People, https://www.anumuseum.org.il/jewish-community-vama-bulgaria/. Goldberg, Jon. Discussion with the author, September 16, 2022. “Governor Mapp Condemns Attack on Synagogue.” U.S. Virgin Islands Government House, October 31,2018. https://www.vi.gov/govemor-mapp-condemns-attack-on -synagogue/. “Guatemala to Admit Jewish Germany Refugees.” The Sentinel, July 26, 1934. Gutierrez, Juan Marcos Bejarano. The Rise of the Inquisition: An Introduction to the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions. Grand Prairie, TX: Yaron Publishing, 2017. Guttman, Nathan. “After Islamist Threat Repelled, Spotlight Hits ‘Jews’ of Fabled Timbuktu,” Forward, February 22, 2013. https://forward.com/news/171642/after -islamist-threat-repelled-spotlight-hits-j/. Halifax Joint Hebrew School. “About Our Program,” available at: https://sites.google
.com/site/halifaxjointhebrewschool/about-our-program. Hayот. September-October 2019, Edition 249, Israel Zionist Center of Costa Rica. Hayom. November-December 2019, Edition 250, Israel Zionist Center of Costa Rica. Iancu, Carol. Jews in Romania 1866-1919. From Exclusion to Emancipation, 148. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1996. Indian Jewish Heritage Center. “Gujurat - Magen Abraham Synagogue,” September 15, 2021, http://indianjews.org/en/research/jewish-sites-in-india/49-magen-abraham-synagogue. lordachi, Constantin. In Liberalism, Constitutional Nationalism, and Minorities: The Making of Romanian Citizenship, c. 1750-1918, 265. Boston, MA: Brill, 2019. Jaben-Eilon, Jan. “Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Match My Torah,” Tablet, June 13, 2016. Jewish Community Guatemala. “History.” http://gt.comunidadjudia.com/paginas.asp ?id=2548 clc=74. Jewishgen. “Bulgarian Jewish Casualties in the Balkan Wars and WWI.” https://www .jewishgen.org/databases/bulgaria/bulgarianJewishCasualtiesBalkanWar.html. “The Jews of the Loyalist Diaspora.” United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Can ada - St. Lawrence Branch, May 10, 2020, www.uelac.org/st-lawrence/the-jews -of-the-loyalist-diaspora/. Joshua, Narnia. Discussion with the author, August 29, 2021. Kerzner, Rabbi Yakov. Discussion with the author, September 15, 2022.
162 Bibliography “King Carol II of Rumania Greets American Jewry through Seven Arts.” Jewish News of Northern California, Vol. LXX, #9 (June 27, 1930). Klein, David. “Bulgarian Jews Skipped Ceremony Marking 80 Years since Rescue from Nazis. Why?” The Jerusalem Post, March 16, 2023, https://www.jpost.com/ deals/article-734467?utm_source=jpost.app.apple utm_medium=share. Knapp, Mark L., Gerald R. Miller, and Kelly Fudge. “Background and Current Trends in the Study of Interpersonal Communication,” in Handbook of Interper sonal Communication, edited by Mark L. Knapp and Gerald R. Miller, 30. Thou sand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994. Kormann, Carolyn. “The Virgin Islands, Rewritten,” The New Yorker, September 11, 2014, https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-tumer/virgin-islands-re-written. Krishnan, Parameswara. “The Historical Demography of the Jews in India 18811971,” Annales de Démographie Historique (1984): 316. Leichman, Abigail Klein. “The Return of a Lost Tribe of Israel 27 Centuries Later,” Israel 21c, January 17, 2021, https://www.israel21c.org/the-retum-of-a-lost-tribe -of-israel-27-centuries-later/. LeVine, Edna. “From the Desk of.,” Shalom, Fall 2022, 7. Lidman, Melanie. “Ghana’s Deep Spirituality Points Some, Joyfully, Spiritually, Back to Judaism,” Times of Israel, April 14, 2016. https://www.timesofisrael.com/ ghanas-deep-spirituality-points-some-joyfully-back-to-judaism/. Liphshiz, Cnaan. “Portugal’s only Rural Jewish Community Seeks a Seat at the Table,” The Times of Israel, Published January 19, 2019, Accessed June 13, 2022, https://www.timesofisrael.com/portugals-
only-mral-jewish-community-seeks-a -seat-at-the-table/. Loebenberg, Carol Lee. Discussion with the author, September 18, 2022. Love, Myron. “Winnipeg Community Looks to Argentina for New Members,” Canadian Jewish News, January 17, 2020, https://thecjn.ca/news/canada/winnipeg -community-looks-to-argentina-for-new-members/. Lozneanu, Albert. Discussion with the author, June 29, 2022. Manteigueiro, Elisabete. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Maor, Yaakov. “Travelling in Bulgaria with Jewish Perspective,” The Jewish Trav eler, February 2020, https://www.jewishtraveler.co.il/traveling-bulgaria-jewish -perspective/. Medjuck, Sheva. Jews of Atlantic Canada, 30. St. John’s, Canada: Breakwater, 1986. Melman, Yossi and Dan Raviv. “Buying Romania’s Jews,” Washington Post, January 14, 1990. Menasci, Raquel. Interview with author, March 8, 2022. Mendelssohn, Sidney. The Jews of Asia. South Yarra, Australia: Leopold Classic Library Reprinted, 2015. Morào, Ana. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Moräo, Moshe. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Moscovitch, Philip. “Leaving Israel, Russian Jews Find a New Home in Halifax,” Tablet, July 8, 2014, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/community/articles/russian-jews-in-halifax.
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https://www.sciencespo .fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/3338.html. Reich, Peter. “The Jewish Community of Zelechow Poland,” ANU Museum of the Jewish People, http://www.anumuseum.org.il. Reifer, Vilma. Interview with author, March 8, 2021. Rinzu. “From Esther Victoria Abraham to Primila - The First Miss India,” Feminism in India, March 12, 2018, https://feminisminindia.com/2018/03/12/pramila-esther -abraham-miss-india/. Salas, Avigail. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Salas, Elisha Rabbi. Discussion with the author, June 9, 2022. Sand, Shlomo. The Invention of the Jewish People, 155. Brooklyn, NY: Verso, 2009. Sassoon, Essie, Bala Menon, and Kenny Salem. Spice and Kosher: Exotic Cuisine of the Cochin Jews, 3. Toronto: Tamarind Tree Books, 2022. Schein, Edgar. “The Role of the Founder in the Creation of Organizational Culture,” in P. Frest et al. Reframing Organizational Culture, 14—25. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1991. Schneider, Aviva Rubin. Discussion with the author, September 16, 2022. Schwarz, Samuel. “The Crypto Jews of Portugal,” Menorah Journal, Vol. 12: 40-64 (1926). Seidler, Victor Jeleniewski. “Groundings: Embodying Desert Thinking and Hebraic Practices of Freedom,” Literature and Theology, Vol. 32 (2018): 232. Shaar Shalom Congregation. “Leadership,” https://theshaar.ca/about/#leadership.
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Index Page numbers followed with “n” refer to endnotes. Abraham (biblical figure), 7, 116n24, 151 Adat Israel, 52-54, 155 Adonai, 103 Ahmedabad, India, 11, 155; Bene Israel in, 92-96 AJC. See Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC) aliyah, 80, 96, 111, 114 American Jewish Federations, 125, 154 American Revolution, 31, 33 Ana, Joseph Antonio Moräo, 109 Anshe Emeth Temple, 54 Antenescu, Marshal Ion, 139-40, 156 antisemitism, 11, 17, 25, 49, 54, 59, 62, 63, 88, 92, 99, 102, 113, 114, 12021, 123, 126, 128, 143, 153, 156, 157; Cochin Jews, 90; in Guatemala City, 49, 54; in Halifax, Canada, 39-40; Iasi, Romania, 134-37, 139-41, 144, 147; Poland, 59, 63; publications, 67; San Jose, Costa Rica, 66-68, 70; Sofia, Bulgaria, 120, 121, 123, 126, 128 Antonius, 8 Antunescu, Ion, 141 Anusim, 99, 102, 104, 112 Arens, Edmund, 6, 7, 152 Armah, Alex, 78-81 Arroyo, Rabbi, 137-38 Ashkenazi Jews, 7, 47-49, 59-60, 67, 121 assimilation, 135-36 atheism, 120, 126, 127, 142, 143 Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC), 32, 36-37,41,43,44, 156-57 Atlantic Jewish Film Festival, 41, 43 auctioning, 111-12 Avichail, Eliyahu, 87 Avigail, Salas, 110, 113 Baghdadi Jews, 86, 88-89, 92 Bailey, Garry, 9 Balkan War 1912, 121 Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, 6, 10, 36, 42-43, 125, 127 Beit Eliahu synagogue, 108, 109, 111, 112 Bell, Catherine, 152 Belmonte, Portugal, 10-12, 154, 157; citizenship, 114; crypto prayers, 1036; forced conversion to Catholicism, 99-101; holidays celebration, 104-8; Inquisition. See Portuguese Inquisition; intramarriage, 113; Jews/ 165
166 Index Jewish: (crypto-Jewish community, 100-110; future of, 114-15; health risks of, 113-14; history, 100-105, 109; immigrated to Israel, 113-14); Judaism: (open practice of, 108-10; secret practice of, 99-105, 110, 115); nationality law, 114; organizational communication, 102; Passover, 104-10; population, 113; religion passed down orally, 105-8; risk at Belmonte’s Jews, 113-14; Sabbath (Shabbat) in, 110-12; tourism destination, 109, 115; women’s prayer service, 103-5, 110; Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), 106-7 Bene Israel of India, 12, 13, 86, 92-96, 155; Ahmedabad, 92-96; conservative community, 94; endurance of Jewish community, 94-96; honoring the Prophet Elijah, 92-93; Jews/Jewish: (festivals, 95; religious practices, 95; wedding, 92); kosher dietary laws, 96; Magen Abraham Synagogue, 85, 93, 94, 155; Malida festivals, 93; synagogue, 93-94, 96 Bengston, Vern, 102, 154 Ben Shabat, Ran, 41, 43 Bet Din, 52, 53, 78 Beth Israel congregation, 35-37, 40, 41,43 B’nei Israel, 60 Bnei Menashe Jews, 86-88, 92, 96 Bogard, Harriet, 77, 81 Boris ΠΙ, 122, 123 Bubis, Marcos, 61, 68 Budszinski, David Weisleder, 66-67 Bulgarian Jews, 119-21, 154 Bulgaria-Serbia war, 121 Burah, Bereu, 143-44 Calcutta. See Kolkata Carole Lee, Loebenberg, 39^10, 42 Carol I, 136 Carol II, 134, 139 Catholicism, conversion to, 99-101 Ceausescu, Leonid, 142^13 Central America, largest synagogue in, 68-69 Central Israeli Spiritual Council, 124-25 Chai membership, 26, 157 Charlotte Amali, 17, 18, 25, 27 Chavez, Hugo, 61 chazzan (prayer leaders), 103, 110, 116nl5 Christian VII, 22 citizenship, 114, 135, 136
Cochin Jews, 86, 89-92; antisemitism, 90; history of, 89; kosher dietary laws, 90; Orthodox, 90 Cohen, Judah, 23, 24 Cohen, Judith, 103^1 collective memory, 7, 10, 156 communication, 14, 40-41, 43^14, 147, 156; with children, 10; community, 40-41; external, 26, 40, 146, 151, 156, 157; Facebook, 39, 40, 145^16, 156; Google group, 43; internal, 6970, 145, 151, 156, 157; interpretive approach of, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152; Jewish endurance and survival, 151— 54; Jewish revitalization, 145-46; organizational, 3-5, 43—44, 49, 102, 120, 152; Passover, 151; religion as, 6-9, 152, 155-56; St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 157; traits, 153; YouTube, 40, 43 communism, 119, 124, 127, 128, 156; Iasi, Romania, 133, 134, 141-44 Congress of Berlin of 1878, 136 conversion: to Catholicism, 99-101; to Judaism, 37, 42, 53, 78-80, 155 Coopman, Stephanie, 9 Cortéz, Leon, 66-67 Coulianos, Katina, 19, 27 Covid-19 pandemic, 18, 21-22, 37, 40 Crypto-Jews, 10, 100-110, 112 crypto prayers, 103-6 cultural memory, 7 Cuza, Alexandru Ioan, 135-36
Index Dandolova, Julia, 125-28 Daniel (biblical figure), 104, 116n24 Danish law, 23-24 David, Esther, 12, 85, 86, 92, 93, 95-96 “Death to Jews”, 67 “Death to Poles”, 67 de Barros Basto, Artur, 108 De Castro, Morris, 21 Delchev, Maxim, 124, 127, 128 deportation, 122-23 desert thinking, 7 de Sousa, Marano, 102-3 Dia Grande (Great Day), 107 Dia Puro (Pure Day), 107 Diogo, Joâo, 110, 111, 114 Divekar, Aviv, 85, 93-96 Dorsch, Dan, 95 dreidel game, 8 education, 23-24, 60; access to, 143—44; Costa Rica, 60; Holocaust, 41, 50; Jews/Jewish communities, 23-24; religious, 36-37; religious, for children, 36-37 Einsatzgruppe D, 139 Elijah, Prophet, 92-93 Esanu, Martha, 145, 147 Exodus, 7, 151 external communication, 26, 40, 146, 151, 156, 157 Ezra, David Elias, 88 Facebook, 39, 40, 145-46, 156. See also communication; YouTube Farchi, Isaac, 50 fascism, 134, 156 Fast of Esther, 106,107 Federman, Rabbi, 25, 27 Federman, Asher, 18, 22, 27 Federman, Henya, 18, 22 Ferdinand I, 99, 100, 120, 137 Ferrer, José Figueres, 68 Feschbach, Michael, 18, 22, 25-28 Feuerzeig, Hank, 25 Feuerzeig, Penny, 25 167 Five Books of Moses, 6, 7 forced baptism, 100 forced labor, 122 functionalist perspective, of organizational communication, 4, 24, 43, 70, 102, 147, 152 Gelber, Nathan Michael, 121 Goldberg, Jon, 37, 38 Goldfaden, Avraham, 138 Goldstein, Alyse, 52-54 Google group, 43 Great Synagogue, 138, 145, 156 Groza, Petru, 142 Guardia, Rafael Angel Calderon, 67, 68 Guatemala City, Guatemala, 11, 47; Adat Israel, 52-53; Ashkenazi Jews, 47-49; Chabad’s success in, 51-52; conversion to Judaism, 53,155; early
history, 48-50; first Jewish settlers in, 48; immigration of Jews to, 48-49; and Israel, 50-52; Israelite Society of Guatemala, 48; Jewish community, 47; (center, 49; growth, 52-55; non-Jewish and, 50); Judaism, 52-53; (Reform, 54); lack of internal division, 51; organizational communication, 49; Pelman, Shalom and, 51; Sephardic Jews, 47-49; Sociedad Israelita Maguén David de Guatemala, 49; Ubico’s administration, 49-50 Halifax, Canada, 11, 13, 31-32; American Revolution, 31, 33; antisemitism in, 39-40; Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC), 32, 36-37, 41, 43,44, 157; Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, 36,42-43; Beth Israel congregation, 35-37,40, 41; Canadians and Israelis in, 38; challenge for the Jews, 41—43; city explosion, 34; Colonial English settlement, 31; contemporary, 35-39; conversion process, 37, 42; Covid-19 pandemic, 37, 40;
168 Index Hebrew school, 36-38; Hillel, 35, 43^14, 45n25; immigration, 31; (of Israelis to, 37-38, 42-43); intermarriage, 37, 42; internal and external communication, 156; Jewish community: (communications, 40-41, 43^44; early history, 32-34; future direction of, 41^13; infrastructure, 35; lack of leadership in Beth Israel, 42; Orthodox, 41-42; population, 32, 33); Judaism, 38, 43; organizational communication, 4344; religious education for children, 36-37; religious observance, 43; role in World War Two, 34-35, 44, 156; Shaar Shalom congregation, 35-37, 40, 42-44, 157; Shalom magazine, 41; synagogue buildings, 33, 35 Hannukah, 8, 10, 51, 95, 155 Hart, Samuel, 32, 33 Haskamoth, 23 Ha Tikvah, 138 Havdalah, 95 Hayom magazine, 69-70, 156 hazzan, 77-79 Hebrew, 1-2, 10, 86, 87, 94, 105, 109, 111, 143, 145, 154-55; prayers, transliteration of, 80, 94,105-6; Shabbat prayers, 154 Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas, 9, 17-18, 22-23, 27, 157 High Holidays, 6 Hillel, vii-viii, 35, 43, 44, 45n25 history, 7; Jewish communities, 10-11 Hitler, Adolf, 48, 49, 139 Holocaust, 1, 11-13, 20, 60, 63, 64, 88, 99, 123, 153, 156; education, 41, 50; survivors, 31, 34—35, 44, 68-70; victims, 70, 140 Holocaust Memorial Day, 51, 128 Holy Land, 6, 76, 87, 92, 95, 123 Iasi, Romania, 10-11, 13, 135; annual commemorations for pogrom, 141; antisemitism, 11, 134-37, 139-41, 144,147; demographic challenge, 147; Facebook communication with Jews, 145-46, 156; fall of communism, 145; forced transportation to death camps, 11, 140-41; Great Synagogue, 138, 145, 156; intermarriage, 147; Jewish: (under communism,
11, 133, 134, 141^14; community, 133-34; educational access, 143-44; immigration, 133-37, 142^16, 156; population, 138; revitalization by communication, 145-46; thriving the life of, 138-39); Naziled mass murders, 11, 139-41; preserving Jewish identity, 146^47; religious freedom, 143; World War Two: (destruction of the Jewish community, 139-41; Jewish history before, 137-39; pogrom of Jews, 140-41, 144, 146, 156) immigration, 12-13, 31; Belmonte Jews, 113-14; of Bnei Menashe to Israel, 87-88, 96; Bulgarian Jews, 124; to Costa Rica, 59-60, 63-65; Iasi’s Jews, 133-37, 142-46, 156; of Israelis to Halifax, 37-38, 42—43; from Poland, 66; to San Jose, 60-61 India, Jews in, 86; Baghdadi, 88-89, 92; Bene Israel, 92-96; Bnei Menashe, 86-88, 92, 96; Cochin, 89-92; lack of antisemitism, 88-89; population, 96 Inquisition: Portuguese. See Portuguese Inquisition; Spanish, 10, 99, 101 intermarriage, 37, 42, 47, 104, 124, 126-28, 147 internal communication, 69-70, 145, 151, 156, 157 interpretive perspective, of organizational communication, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152 intramarriage, 104, 113 Isaac (biblical figure), 1, 7, 104, 116n24 Isabella, Queen, 99, 100
Index Israel, 1, 2, 6, 12, 77, 114; Guatemala City and, 50-52; immigration of Bnei Menashe to, 87-88, 96; Judaism, 38; Law of Return in, 87, 127, 154 Israelite Society of Guatemala, 48 Israel Zionist Center, 60, 63, 68-70, 156 Jacob (biblical figure), 7 Jacob, Jack Farj Rafael, 85, 88 Jerusalem, 1, 2, 6-8, 13, 77, 153, 155 Jewish condition, 10 Jewishness, viii Jews/Jewish communities: antisemitism. See antisemitism; Ashkenazi, 47-49, 59-60, 67, 121; Bnei Menashe, India, 86-88; Bulgarian, 119-21; Cochin, India, 86, 89-92; collective memory, 7, 10; collective solidarity, 2, 10; commandments and duties for, 2; communication, 14; community, 60-61; conversion, 37, 42, 47; (to Catholicism, 99-101); cryptoJewish community, 100-109; Danish law, 23-24; deportation, 122-23; discovery of, 102; education, 23-24; endurance, 1, 3, 9-11, 13-14, 152; forced baptism, 100; forced labor, 122-23; history, 10-11; holidays, 7-8; immigration. See immigration; intermarriage, 37, 42, 47, 104, 126-28; languages, 2; locations, 11-12; marriage law, 23; museum, 69, 70; organizational communication theory, 3-5; Ostrowiec, 59-60, 62-63, 156; Poland, 59-60, 62-63, 66-67, 70, 156; population, 60, 62; (around the world, 2-3, 12-14); Portuguese, 99-100; prejudice against the, 66-68; punishment by Portuguese Inquisition, 100, 102, 104; religious beliefs, 1-2; Sephardic, 7, 47-49, 59, 60, 67, 88, 119, 121, 128; synagogue functioning, 4-5; Twelve Tribes of 169 Israel, 1; Ukrainian, 13-14, 147; worship style, 9 Jimenez, Ricardo, 66, 67 Jonah (biblical figure), 104, 116n24 Joshua (biblical figure), 1 Joshua,
Narnia, 90-91 Judaism, 1, 87, 143, 144, 151, 153, 155, 157; antisemitism, 11, 17, 25, 39-40; Canadians and Israelis, 38; conversion to, 37, 42, 52-53, 78-80; defined, vii; Elijah in, 92; Guatemala City, Guatemala, 52-54; Halifax, Canada, 38, 43; history, 1, 7; open practice of, 108-10; organizational culture, 8-9; Orthodox, 18; Portuguese Inquisition on, 99-100, 102-8, 112-14; pre-rabbinic, 77, 90; Reform, 9, 17-18, 24, 27, 54, 157; role of rabbis in, 9; in Romania, 133; secret practice of, 99-105, 110; Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana, 77-80; Sofia, Bulgaria, 124; symbolism in, 6; synagogue, 5; Talmudic law, 2; 21st-century, vii-viii Kaddish prayers, 69-70, 156 Kadima camp, 36, 156 Karlin, Gary, 37, 46n69 Kerala, Jews in, 89-91 Kerzer, Rabbi, 42 Kerzner, Yakov, 36^13, 46n69 Kiddush Levana, 112 Knapp, Mark L., 9 Kolkata, 11; Baghdadi Jews, 86, 88-89 kosher diet/food, 2, 13, 18, 22, 27, 33, 34, 38, 46, 51, 61, 86, 90, 96, 106, 125, 138, 155; laws, 2, 27, 75, 86, 90, 96, 100 Kulanu, 77, 81 La Tribuna newspaper, 67 Law of Return in Israel, 87, 127, 154 L’dor V’dor (generation to generation), 1, 9-10, 95, 102, 105, 120, 151-55 Leibovici, Dutu, 141
170 Index Levitt, Aba Gershom, 34 Levy, Isaac, 32 Lisbon, 100-102, 104, 108, 113-15 liturgical texts, 6, 7 Lozneanu, Albert, 141, 145-46 Maccabees, 8 Magen Abraham Synagogue, 85, 93-94, 155 Mahamade, 22-23 male circumcision, 2, 13, 53, 75, 125, 155 Malida festivals, 93 Mantegueiro, Elisabete, 104, 105, 109 Manuel I, 99-101, 105 Mapp, Kenneth E., 26 Marranos, 99, 102, 108, 112; practices, 110; prayers, 104 Mavrocordat, Alexandru, 138 Meidlinger, Katherine, 9 Menasci, Franco, 61 Menasci, Raquel, 61 mezuzahs, 109 Michael I, 141, 142, 156 mikveh (ritual bath), 53, 75, 108, 138 Miller, Gerald R., 9 minyan, 21, 36, 37, 76, 93, 95, 110, 114 mitzvah (good deed), 18, 112,114 Mizrahi Jews, 2, 7 Moldavia, 134, 135, 137, 138 Morào, Joseph Antonio, 109 Morào, Moshe, 114, 115 Moses (biblical figure), 1, 7, 151 mourners kaddish prayer, 111 Mumbai, India, 92, 155 Nathans, Nathan, 32, 33 Nazis invasion, 62 Nazism, 139-41, 146 New Christians, 99, 104, 106, 113 Njoku, Francis O., 8, 155 OJB. See Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB) Old Testament, 2, 76, 89, 116n24 Orantes, Alavaro, 52, 54 Orantes, Jeannette, 52, 54 organizational communication, 3-5, 4344, 49, 102, 120, 152; functionalist perspective, 4, 24, 43, 70, 102, 147, 152; interpretive perspective, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152 organizational culture: Bulgarian Jews, 124-26; religions, 8-9 Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB), 125-28, 154 Orthodox Judaism, 18 Ostrowiec: antisemitic laws, 62; Jewish tragedy, 61-63; Jews, 59-60, 62-63, 156; Nazis invasion, 62 Paiewonsky, Ralph Moss, 21 Passover, 7-8, 10, 13, 51, 92, 95, 1048,
110, 143, 151, 155 Pelman, Shalom, 51, 54 Pérez, Ricardo, 10, 63 Picado, Teodoro, 68 Pogrom of Iasi in 1941, 141,144, 146, 156 Poland: antisemitism, 59, 63; Jews, 5960, 62-63, 67, 70, 156; (immigration of, 66, 67) Polish Russian war, 62 Porto, 100, 104, 108, 113-15 Portuguese Inquisition, 10, 99-100, 102-7, 115, 153, 154; harsh punishment to Jews, 100, 102, 104; on Judaism, 102-8, 112-14; timeline, 101; trials, 104 prayer books, 6 prayers, 6; crypto, 103-6; Hebrew, transliteration of, 80, 94, 105-6; songs, 7 Prober, Yitzchak, 68, 70 “The Provisional Law for the Cultural Administration of Christians, Muslims and Israelites”, 125 punishment, by Portuguese Inquisition, 100, 102, 104 Purim, 95, 107 purity bath, 53, 75, 155
Index Ragaru, Nadèje, 122 Reform Judaism, 9, 17-18, 24, 27,54,157 regional languages, 2 Reifer, Vilma Faingezicht, 60, 69; family story of, 63-66 religion, 10, 154; as communication, 69, 152, 155-56; history, 7; holidays, 7-8; organizational culture, 8-9; symbols, 6; texts, 6 religious beliefs, 1-2 religious education, for children, 36-37 religious freedom, 142 religious organizations, 4-5, 152 rezadeiras (prayer women), 103-4 ritualization, 152 rituals: bath, 53, 68, 75, 108, 138; Kiddush Levana, 112; kosher slaughter, 138; religious, 6; slaughter, 34, 138 Rock of Elijah (Eliyahu Hanavi cah Tapa), 93 Romania, 133-34; after World War One, 137; antisemitism, 134-37; civic and political equality of Jews, 136; Cuza’s policies to Jews, 135-36; diplomatic relations with Israel, 142-43; fascism and communism, 134, 156; Jewish: (immigration, 133-37, 142-46; population, 137; settlement, 135); location and geography, 133; murder of Jews, 139; Nazi invasion, 139; policy of assimilation, 136; political rights to Jews, 136; political status, 135; religious freedom, 142; Russia invasion, 135 Rosen, Moses, 142, 143 Rosh Hashanah, 6,41, 53, 95 Rovinski, Samuel, 60 Rozin, Lazar, 140 Russo-Turkish war, 135 Sabbath (Shabbat), 2, 6, 8, 10, 18, 53, 75, 78, 79, 86, 90, 92, 95, 99, 106, 109, 128, 134, 141, 154-55; in Belmonte, 110-12 171 Salas, Elisha, 109-10, 113-15 Salazar, Antonio, 108 Sanatescu, Constantin, 141—42 Sand, Shlomo, 1-2, 155 San Jose, Costa Rica, 11, 12; antisemitism, 66-68, 70; Ashkenazi Jews, 59, 60, 67; ban of Polish immigrants in, 66; Chamber of Commerce, 66, 67; civil war,
68; education, 60; immigration to Costa Rica, 59-60, 63-65; internal communication, 69-70; Israel Zionist Center, 60, 63, 68-70, 156; Jewish tragedy, Ostrowiec and Zelechôw, 61-63; organizational structure, 70; politics and government, 60; prejudice against the Jews, 66-68; reform, Orthodox, and Chabad congregations, 70-71 ; Reifer, Vilma Faingezicht, family story of, 63-66; restaurant, 61; synagogues, 69-71; thriving minority, 70-71; unique quality of Jews, 63-66 San Pedro, 50 Sasso, Moses, 24 Sassoon, David, 85, 88 Schein, Edgar, 9 Çchiopul, Petru, 135 Schwarz, Samuel, 102-6 secret Judaism, 99-105, 110, 113 Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana, 11, 13, 105, 154-55; conversion to Judaism, 7880, 155; Jewish: (commandments, 75; practices, 76, 77; rituals, 75); Kulanu, 77, 81; leadership of congregation, 80; living a Jewish life, 80-81; origins of, 76-77; practices of mourning, 76; prerabbinic Judaism, 77 Seidler, Victor, 7, 8, 151 Sephardic Jews, 7, 47^19, 59-60, 67, 88, 119, 121, 128 Sephardic Orthodox, 9, 17 Seudah Shlishit, 112 Shaar Shalom congregation, 35-37, 40, 42, 43, 157
172 Index Shalom Aleichem, 141, 149n61 Shalom magazine, 41, 157 Shavei Israel, 87 Shavei Yisrael, viii Shefer, Eliahu, 111, 112 Shema prayer, 103, 109 Shema Yisrael, 116nl5 shivah mourning, 76, 108, HO Silliman, Jael, 88-89, 96 Sizomu, Gershom, 81 Sociedad Israelita Maguén David de Guatemala, 49 Sofia, Bulgaria, 11, 13, 157; atheism, 120, 126; Central Israeli Spiritual Council, 124-25; communist era (1946-1989), 124, 126; fall of communism, 127; governing structures, 125; growing school enrollment, 127, 128; Jews, 119-21; (active and growing community, 126-27; Ashkenazi, 121; deportation, 122-23; early history, 121-22; experience during World War Two, 122-24; General Assembly of, 124-25; intermarriage, 124,126, 127; organizational structure of the community, 124-26; Sephardic, 119, 121, 128); Judaism, 124; organization and communication, 120; Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB), 125-28; religious school, 127; Soviet invasion, 123; synagogue, 120 Solomon, King, 89 Soutzos, Michael Drakos, 138 Spanish Inquisition, 10, 99, 101, 153. See also Portuguese Inquisition St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 11, 12; American tourism to, 24; Chabad of, 17, 18, 22, 27; colonial occupations, 20; communication, 157; Covid-19 pandemic, 18, 21-22,40; governing structure, 11; Haskamoth, 23; Hebrew Congregation of, 17-18, 22-23, 27, 157; history of, 20-21; Hurricanes Irma and Maria, 17, 18, 25-27; Jewish community, 11; (education, 23; endurance, 27; future prospects, 26-28; governors, 21; immigration, 26-27; organizations, 21-25; population, 24, 26); Mahamade, 22-23; marriage law, 23;
Reform Judaism, 17-18, 24, 27; relationship with island’s community, 25-26; religious observances, 21-22; Sunday religious school, 23-24; synagogue, 17-20 symbolism, 6, 7 synagogue leadership, 5, 9, 22 systems theory, 3, 4, 152 Talmud, vii, 2, 124, 143, 151 Ten Commandments, 1 Tetteh, Angel, 79, 80 Tetteh, Samuel, 79, 80 thriving minority, 70-71 Toakyirafa, Aaron Ahotre, 77 Torah, vii, 1, 2, 6-8, 111, 112, 124, 143, 151 tourism, 67, 70 transcendent reality, 6 transliteration, of Hebrew prayers, 80, 94, 105-6 Treaty of Berlin, 121 Truman, Harry, 21 Twelve Tribes of Israel, 1 Ubico, Jorge, 49-50 Ukrainian Jews, 13-14, 147 unique quality of Jews, 63-66 Voinov (Senator, Romania), 136 Volovici, Avrum, 141 Walachia, 135 Ward, Mark, 3-5, 43, 54, 102, 120, 154 World War One, 49, 62, 121, 137, 139 World War Two, 9, 44, 48—49, 62, 63, 120, 126, 133, 144-46, 156; Halifax, Canada, 34-35, 44, 156; Iasi,
Index Romania: (destruction of the Jewish community, 139-41; Jewish history before, 137-39); Jewish experience in Bulgaria in, 122-24 Wouk, Herman, 21 Yankelewitz, Enrique, 67 Yiddish, 2, 64, 144; Theater, 137, 138, 145 173 Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), 2, 6, 53, 95, 99, 106-7, 155 YouTube, 40, 43 Zelechôw, 59-61; antisemitic laws, 62; immigrants, 63-64; Jewish tragedy, 61-63; Jews, 59-63,156; Nazis invasion, 62 Zionism, 63 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Foreword Rabbi Dan Dorsch vii Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands 17 2 Halifax, Canada 31 3 Guatemala City, Guatemala 47 4 San Jose, Costa Rica 59 5 Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana 75 6 Bene Israel of India 85 7 Belmonte, Portugal 99 8 Sofia, Bulgaria 119 9 Iasi, Romania 133 Conclusion 151 10 Bibliography 159 Index 165 About the Author 175 V
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Index Page numbers followed with “n” refer to endnotes. Abraham (biblical figure), 7, 116n24, 151 Adat Israel, 52-54, 155 Adonai, 103 Ahmedabad, India, 11, 155; Bene Israel in, 92-96 AJC. See Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC) aliyah, 80, 96, 111, 114 American Jewish Federations, 125, 154 American Revolution, 31, 33 Ana, Joseph Antonio Moräo, 109 Anshe Emeth Temple, 54 Antenescu, Marshal Ion, 139-40, 156 antisemitism, 11, 17, 25, 49, 54, 59, 62, 63, 88, 92, 99, 102, 113, 114, 12021, 123, 126, 128, 143, 153, 156, 157; Cochin Jews, 90; in Guatemala City, 49, 54; in Halifax, Canada, 39-40; Iasi, Romania, 134-37, 139-41, 144, 147; Poland, 59, 63; publications, 67; San Jose, Costa Rica, 66-68, 70; Sofia, Bulgaria, 120, 121, 123, 126, 128 Antonius, 8 Antunescu, Ion, 141 Anusim, 99, 102, 104, 112 Arens, Edmund, 6, 7, 152 Armah, Alex, 78-81 Arroyo, Rabbi, 137-38 Ashkenazi Jews, 7, 47-49, 59-60, 67, 121 assimilation, 135-36 atheism, 120, 126, 127, 142, 143 Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC), 32, 36-37,41,43,44, 156-57 Atlantic Jewish Film Festival, 41, 43 auctioning, 111-12 Avichail, Eliyahu, 87 Avigail, Salas, 110, 113 Baghdadi Jews, 86, 88-89, 92 Bailey, Garry, 9 Balkan War 1912, 121 Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, 6, 10, 36, 42-43, 125, 127 Beit Eliahu synagogue, 108, 109, 111, 112 Bell, Catherine, 152 Belmonte, Portugal, 10-12, 154, 157; citizenship, 114; crypto prayers, 1036; forced conversion to Catholicism, 99-101; holidays celebration, 104-8; Inquisition. See Portuguese Inquisition; intramarriage, 113; Jews/ 165
166 Index Jewish: (crypto-Jewish community, 100-110; future of, 114-15; health risks of, 113-14; history, 100-105, 109; immigrated to Israel, 113-14); Judaism: (open practice of, 108-10; secret practice of, 99-105, 110, 115); nationality law, 114; organizational communication, 102; Passover, 104-10; population, 113; religion passed down orally, 105-8; risk at Belmonte’s Jews, 113-14; Sabbath (Shabbat) in, 110-12; tourism destination, 109, 115; women’s prayer service, 103-5, 110; Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), 106-7 Bene Israel of India, 12, 13, 86, 92-96, 155; Ahmedabad, 92-96; conservative community, 94; endurance of Jewish community, 94-96; honoring the Prophet Elijah, 92-93; Jews/Jewish: (festivals, 95; religious practices, 95; wedding, 92); kosher dietary laws, 96; Magen Abraham Synagogue, 85, 93, 94, 155; Malida festivals, 93; synagogue, 93-94, 96 Bengston, Vern, 102, 154 Ben Shabat, Ran, 41, 43 Bet Din, 52, 53, 78 Beth Israel congregation, 35-37, 40, 41,43 B’nei Israel, 60 Bnei Menashe Jews, 86-88, 92, 96 Bogard, Harriet, 77, 81 Boris ΠΙ, 122, 123 Bubis, Marcos, 61, 68 Budszinski, David Weisleder, 66-67 Bulgarian Jews, 119-21, 154 Bulgaria-Serbia war, 121 Burah, Bereu, 143-44 Calcutta. See Kolkata Carole Lee, Loebenberg, 39^10, 42 Carol I, 136 Carol II, 134, 139 Catholicism, conversion to, 99-101 Ceausescu, Leonid, 142^13 Central America, largest synagogue in, 68-69 Central Israeli Spiritual Council, 124-25 Chai membership, 26, 157 Charlotte Amali, 17, 18, 25, 27 Chavez, Hugo, 61 chazzan (prayer leaders), 103, 110, 116nl5 Christian VII, 22 citizenship, 114, 135, 136
Cochin Jews, 86, 89-92; antisemitism, 90; history of, 89; kosher dietary laws, 90; Orthodox, 90 Cohen, Judah, 23, 24 Cohen, Judith, 103^1 collective memory, 7, 10, 156 communication, 14, 40-41, 43^14, 147, 156; with children, 10; community, 40-41; external, 26, 40, 146, 151, 156, 157; Facebook, 39, 40, 145^16, 156; Google group, 43; internal, 6970, 145, 151, 156, 157; interpretive approach of, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152; Jewish endurance and survival, 151— 54; Jewish revitalization, 145-46; organizational, 3-5, 43—44, 49, 102, 120, 152; Passover, 151; religion as, 6-9, 152, 155-56; St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 157; traits, 153; YouTube, 40, 43 communism, 119, 124, 127, 128, 156; Iasi, Romania, 133, 134, 141-44 Congress of Berlin of 1878, 136 conversion: to Catholicism, 99-101; to Judaism, 37, 42, 53, 78-80, 155 Coopman, Stephanie, 9 Cortéz, Leon, 66-67 Coulianos, Katina, 19, 27 Covid-19 pandemic, 18, 21-22, 37, 40 Crypto-Jews, 10, 100-110, 112 crypto prayers, 103-6 cultural memory, 7 Cuza, Alexandru Ioan, 135-36
Index Dandolova, Julia, 125-28 Daniel (biblical figure), 104, 116n24 Danish law, 23-24 David, Esther, 12, 85, 86, 92, 93, 95-96 “Death to Jews”, 67 “Death to Poles”, 67 de Barros Basto, Artur, 108 De Castro, Morris, 21 Delchev, Maxim, 124, 127, 128 deportation, 122-23 desert thinking, 7 de Sousa, Marano, 102-3 Dia Grande (Great Day), 107 Dia Puro (Pure Day), 107 Diogo, Joâo, 110, 111, 114 Divekar, Aviv, 85, 93-96 Dorsch, Dan, 95 dreidel game, 8 education, 23-24, 60; access to, 143—44; Costa Rica, 60; Holocaust, 41, 50; Jews/Jewish communities, 23-24; religious, 36-37; religious, for children, 36-37 Einsatzgruppe D, 139 Elijah, Prophet, 92-93 Esanu, Martha, 145, 147 Exodus, 7, 151 external communication, 26, 40, 146, 151, 156, 157 Ezra, David Elias, 88 Facebook, 39, 40, 145-46, 156. See also communication; YouTube Farchi, Isaac, 50 fascism, 134, 156 Fast of Esther, 106,107 Federman, Rabbi, 25, 27 Federman, Asher, 18, 22, 27 Federman, Henya, 18, 22 Ferdinand I, 99, 100, 120, 137 Ferrer, José Figueres, 68 Feschbach, Michael, 18, 22, 25-28 Feuerzeig, Hank, 25 Feuerzeig, Penny, 25 167 Five Books of Moses, 6, 7 forced baptism, 100 forced labor, 122 functionalist perspective, of organizational communication, 4, 24, 43, 70, 102, 147, 152 Gelber, Nathan Michael, 121 Goldberg, Jon, 37, 38 Goldfaden, Avraham, 138 Goldstein, Alyse, 52-54 Google group, 43 Great Synagogue, 138, 145, 156 Groza, Petru, 142 Guardia, Rafael Angel Calderon, 67, 68 Guatemala City, Guatemala, 11, 47; Adat Israel, 52-53; Ashkenazi Jews, 47-49; Chabad’s success in, 51-52; conversion to Judaism, 53,155; early
history, 48-50; first Jewish settlers in, 48; immigration of Jews to, 48-49; and Israel, 50-52; Israelite Society of Guatemala, 48; Jewish community, 47; (center, 49; growth, 52-55; non-Jewish and, 50); Judaism, 52-53; (Reform, 54); lack of internal division, 51; organizational communication, 49; Pelman, Shalom and, 51; Sephardic Jews, 47-49; Sociedad Israelita Maguén David de Guatemala, 49; Ubico’s administration, 49-50 Halifax, Canada, 11, 13, 31-32; American Revolution, 31, 33; antisemitism in, 39-40; Atlantic Jewish Council (AJC), 32, 36-37, 41, 43,44, 157; Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, 36,42-43; Beth Israel congregation, 35-37,40, 41; Canadians and Israelis in, 38; challenge for the Jews, 41—43; city explosion, 34; Colonial English settlement, 31; contemporary, 35-39; conversion process, 37, 42; Covid-19 pandemic, 37, 40;
168 Index Hebrew school, 36-38; Hillel, 35, 43^14, 45n25; immigration, 31; (of Israelis to, 37-38, 42-43); intermarriage, 37, 42; internal and external communication, 156; Jewish community: (communications, 40-41, 43^44; early history, 32-34; future direction of, 41^13; infrastructure, 35; lack of leadership in Beth Israel, 42; Orthodox, 41-42; population, 32, 33); Judaism, 38, 43; organizational communication, 4344; religious education for children, 36-37; religious observance, 43; role in World War Two, 34-35, 44, 156; Shaar Shalom congregation, 35-37, 40, 42-44, 157; Shalom magazine, 41; synagogue buildings, 33, 35 Hannukah, 8, 10, 51, 95, 155 Hart, Samuel, 32, 33 Haskamoth, 23 Ha Tikvah, 138 Havdalah, 95 Hayom magazine, 69-70, 156 hazzan, 77-79 Hebrew, 1-2, 10, 86, 87, 94, 105, 109, 111, 143, 145, 154-55; prayers, transliteration of, 80, 94,105-6; Shabbat prayers, 154 Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas, 9, 17-18, 22-23, 27, 157 High Holidays, 6 Hillel, vii-viii, 35, 43, 44, 45n25 history, 7; Jewish communities, 10-11 Hitler, Adolf, 48, 49, 139 Holocaust, 1, 11-13, 20, 60, 63, 64, 88, 99, 123, 153, 156; education, 41, 50; survivors, 31, 34—35, 44, 68-70; victims, 70, 140 Holocaust Memorial Day, 51, 128 Holy Land, 6, 76, 87, 92, 95, 123 Iasi, Romania, 10-11, 13, 135; annual commemorations for pogrom, 141; antisemitism, 11, 134-37, 139-41, 144,147; demographic challenge, 147; Facebook communication with Jews, 145-46, 156; fall of communism, 145; forced transportation to death camps, 11, 140-41; Great Synagogue, 138, 145, 156; intermarriage, 147; Jewish: (under communism,
11, 133, 134, 141^14; community, 133-34; educational access, 143-44; immigration, 133-37, 142^16, 156; population, 138; revitalization by communication, 145-46; thriving the life of, 138-39); Naziled mass murders, 11, 139-41; preserving Jewish identity, 146^47; religious freedom, 143; World War Two: (destruction of the Jewish community, 139-41; Jewish history before, 137-39; pogrom of Jews, 140-41, 144, 146, 156) immigration, 12-13, 31; Belmonte Jews, 113-14; of Bnei Menashe to Israel, 87-88, 96; Bulgarian Jews, 124; to Costa Rica, 59-60, 63-65; Iasi’s Jews, 133-37, 142-46, 156; of Israelis to Halifax, 37-38, 42—43; from Poland, 66; to San Jose, 60-61 India, Jews in, 86; Baghdadi, 88-89, 92; Bene Israel, 92-96; Bnei Menashe, 86-88, 92, 96; Cochin, 89-92; lack of antisemitism, 88-89; population, 96 Inquisition: Portuguese. See Portuguese Inquisition; Spanish, 10, 99, 101 intermarriage, 37, 42, 47, 104, 124, 126-28, 147 internal communication, 69-70, 145, 151, 156, 157 interpretive perspective, of organizational communication, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152 intramarriage, 104, 113 Isaac (biblical figure), 1, 7, 104, 116n24 Isabella, Queen, 99, 100
Index Israel, 1, 2, 6, 12, 77, 114; Guatemala City and, 50-52; immigration of Bnei Menashe to, 87-88, 96; Judaism, 38; Law of Return in, 87, 127, 154 Israelite Society of Guatemala, 48 Israel Zionist Center, 60, 63, 68-70, 156 Jacob (biblical figure), 7 Jacob, Jack Farj Rafael, 85, 88 Jerusalem, 1, 2, 6-8, 13, 77, 153, 155 Jewish condition, 10 Jewishness, viii Jews/Jewish communities: antisemitism. See antisemitism; Ashkenazi, 47-49, 59-60, 67, 121; Bnei Menashe, India, 86-88; Bulgarian, 119-21; Cochin, India, 86, 89-92; collective memory, 7, 10; collective solidarity, 2, 10; commandments and duties for, 2; communication, 14; community, 60-61; conversion, 37, 42, 47; (to Catholicism, 99-101); cryptoJewish community, 100-109; Danish law, 23-24; deportation, 122-23; discovery of, 102; education, 23-24; endurance, 1, 3, 9-11, 13-14, 152; forced baptism, 100; forced labor, 122-23; history, 10-11; holidays, 7-8; immigration. See immigration; intermarriage, 37, 42, 47, 104, 126-28; languages, 2; locations, 11-12; marriage law, 23; museum, 69, 70; organizational communication theory, 3-5; Ostrowiec, 59-60, 62-63, 156; Poland, 59-60, 62-63, 66-67, 70, 156; population, 60, 62; (around the world, 2-3, 12-14); Portuguese, 99-100; prejudice against the, 66-68; punishment by Portuguese Inquisition, 100, 102, 104; religious beliefs, 1-2; Sephardic, 7, 47-49, 59, 60, 67, 88, 119, 121, 128; synagogue functioning, 4-5; Twelve Tribes of 169 Israel, 1; Ukrainian, 13-14, 147; worship style, 9 Jimenez, Ricardo, 66, 67 Jonah (biblical figure), 104, 116n24 Joshua (biblical figure), 1 Joshua,
Narnia, 90-91 Judaism, 1, 87, 143, 144, 151, 153, 155, 157; antisemitism, 11, 17, 25, 39-40; Canadians and Israelis, 38; conversion to, 37, 42, 52-53, 78-80; defined, vii; Elijah in, 92; Guatemala City, Guatemala, 52-54; Halifax, Canada, 38, 43; history, 1, 7; open practice of, 108-10; organizational culture, 8-9; Orthodox, 18; Portuguese Inquisition on, 99-100, 102-8, 112-14; pre-rabbinic, 77, 90; Reform, 9, 17-18, 24, 27, 54, 157; role of rabbis in, 9; in Romania, 133; secret practice of, 99-105, 110; Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana, 77-80; Sofia, Bulgaria, 124; symbolism in, 6; synagogue, 5; Talmudic law, 2; 21st-century, vii-viii Kaddish prayers, 69-70, 156 Kadima camp, 36, 156 Karlin, Gary, 37, 46n69 Kerala, Jews in, 89-91 Kerzer, Rabbi, 42 Kerzner, Yakov, 36^13, 46n69 Kiddush Levana, 112 Knapp, Mark L., 9 Kolkata, 11; Baghdadi Jews, 86, 88-89 kosher diet/food, 2, 13, 18, 22, 27, 33, 34, 38, 46, 51, 61, 86, 90, 96, 106, 125, 138, 155; laws, 2, 27, 75, 86, 90, 96, 100 Kulanu, 77, 81 La Tribuna newspaper, 67 Law of Return in Israel, 87, 127, 154 L’dor V’dor (generation to generation), 1, 9-10, 95, 102, 105, 120, 151-55 Leibovici, Dutu, 141
170 Index Levitt, Aba Gershom, 34 Levy, Isaac, 32 Lisbon, 100-102, 104, 108, 113-15 liturgical texts, 6, 7 Lozneanu, Albert, 141, 145-46 Maccabees, 8 Magen Abraham Synagogue, 85, 93-94, 155 Mahamade, 22-23 male circumcision, 2, 13, 53, 75, 125, 155 Malida festivals, 93 Mantegueiro, Elisabete, 104, 105, 109 Manuel I, 99-101, 105 Mapp, Kenneth E., 26 Marranos, 99, 102, 108, 112; practices, 110; prayers, 104 Mavrocordat, Alexandru, 138 Meidlinger, Katherine, 9 Menasci, Franco, 61 Menasci, Raquel, 61 mezuzahs, 109 Michael I, 141, 142, 156 mikveh (ritual bath), 53, 75, 108, 138 Miller, Gerald R., 9 minyan, 21, 36, 37, 76, 93, 95, 110, 114 mitzvah (good deed), 18, 112,114 Mizrahi Jews, 2, 7 Moldavia, 134, 135, 137, 138 Morào, Joseph Antonio, 109 Morào, Moshe, 114, 115 Moses (biblical figure), 1, 7, 151 mourners kaddish prayer, 111 Mumbai, India, 92, 155 Nathans, Nathan, 32, 33 Nazis invasion, 62 Nazism, 139-41, 146 New Christians, 99, 104, 106, 113 Njoku, Francis O., 8, 155 OJB. See Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB) Old Testament, 2, 76, 89, 116n24 Orantes, Alavaro, 52, 54 Orantes, Jeannette, 52, 54 organizational communication, 3-5, 4344, 49, 102, 120, 152; functionalist perspective, 4, 24, 43, 70, 102, 147, 152; interpretive perspective, 4, 24, 70, 102, 152 organizational culture: Bulgarian Jews, 124-26; religions, 8-9 Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB), 125-28, 154 Orthodox Judaism, 18 Ostrowiec: antisemitic laws, 62; Jewish tragedy, 61-63; Jews, 59-60, 62-63, 156; Nazis invasion, 62 Paiewonsky, Ralph Moss, 21 Passover, 7-8, 10, 13, 51, 92, 95, 1048,
110, 143, 151, 155 Pelman, Shalom, 51, 54 Pérez, Ricardo, 10, 63 Picado, Teodoro, 68 Pogrom of Iasi in 1941, 141,144, 146, 156 Poland: antisemitism, 59, 63; Jews, 5960, 62-63, 67, 70, 156; (immigration of, 66, 67) Polish Russian war, 62 Porto, 100, 104, 108, 113-15 Portuguese Inquisition, 10, 99-100, 102-7, 115, 153, 154; harsh punishment to Jews, 100, 102, 104; on Judaism, 102-8, 112-14; timeline, 101; trials, 104 prayer books, 6 prayers, 6; crypto, 103-6; Hebrew, transliteration of, 80, 94, 105-6; songs, 7 Prober, Yitzchak, 68, 70 “The Provisional Law for the Cultural Administration of Christians, Muslims and Israelites”, 125 punishment, by Portuguese Inquisition, 100, 102, 104 Purim, 95, 107 purity bath, 53, 75, 155
Index Ragaru, Nadèje, 122 Reform Judaism, 9, 17-18, 24, 27,54,157 regional languages, 2 Reifer, Vilma Faingezicht, 60, 69; family story of, 63-66 religion, 10, 154; as communication, 69, 152, 155-56; history, 7; holidays, 7-8; organizational culture, 8-9; symbols, 6; texts, 6 religious beliefs, 1-2 religious education, for children, 36-37 religious freedom, 142 religious organizations, 4-5, 152 rezadeiras (prayer women), 103-4 ritualization, 152 rituals: bath, 53, 68, 75, 108, 138; Kiddush Levana, 112; kosher slaughter, 138; religious, 6; slaughter, 34, 138 Rock of Elijah (Eliyahu Hanavi cah Tapa), 93 Romania, 133-34; after World War One, 137; antisemitism, 134-37; civic and political equality of Jews, 136; Cuza’s policies to Jews, 135-36; diplomatic relations with Israel, 142-43; fascism and communism, 134, 156; Jewish: (immigration, 133-37, 142-46; population, 137; settlement, 135); location and geography, 133; murder of Jews, 139; Nazi invasion, 139; policy of assimilation, 136; political rights to Jews, 136; political status, 135; religious freedom, 142; Russia invasion, 135 Rosen, Moses, 142, 143 Rosh Hashanah, 6,41, 53, 95 Rovinski, Samuel, 60 Rozin, Lazar, 140 Russo-Turkish war, 135 Sabbath (Shabbat), 2, 6, 8, 10, 18, 53, 75, 78, 79, 86, 90, 92, 95, 99, 106, 109, 128, 134, 141, 154-55; in Belmonte, 110-12 171 Salas, Elisha, 109-10, 113-15 Salazar, Antonio, 108 Sanatescu, Constantin, 141—42 Sand, Shlomo, 1-2, 155 San Jose, Costa Rica, 11, 12; antisemitism, 66-68, 70; Ashkenazi Jews, 59, 60, 67; ban of Polish immigrants in, 66; Chamber of Commerce, 66, 67; civil war,
68; education, 60; immigration to Costa Rica, 59-60, 63-65; internal communication, 69-70; Israel Zionist Center, 60, 63, 68-70, 156; Jewish tragedy, Ostrowiec and Zelechôw, 61-63; organizational structure, 70; politics and government, 60; prejudice against the Jews, 66-68; reform, Orthodox, and Chabad congregations, 70-71 ; Reifer, Vilma Faingezicht, family story of, 63-66; restaurant, 61; synagogues, 69-71; thriving minority, 70-71; unique quality of Jews, 63-66 San Pedro, 50 Sasso, Moses, 24 Sassoon, David, 85, 88 Schein, Edgar, 9 Çchiopul, Petru, 135 Schwarz, Samuel, 102-6 secret Judaism, 99-105, 110, 113 Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana, 11, 13, 105, 154-55; conversion to Judaism, 7880, 155; Jewish: (commandments, 75; practices, 76, 77; rituals, 75); Kulanu, 77, 81; leadership of congregation, 80; living a Jewish life, 80-81; origins of, 76-77; practices of mourning, 76; prerabbinic Judaism, 77 Seidler, Victor, 7, 8, 151 Sephardic Jews, 7, 47^19, 59-60, 67, 88, 119, 121, 128 Sephardic Orthodox, 9, 17 Seudah Shlishit, 112 Shaar Shalom congregation, 35-37, 40, 42, 43, 157
172 Index Shalom Aleichem, 141, 149n61 Shalom magazine, 41, 157 Shavei Israel, 87 Shavei Yisrael, viii Shefer, Eliahu, 111, 112 Shema prayer, 103, 109 Shema Yisrael, 116nl5 shivah mourning, 76, 108, HO Silliman, Jael, 88-89, 96 Sizomu, Gershom, 81 Sociedad Israelita Maguén David de Guatemala, 49 Sofia, Bulgaria, 11, 13, 157; atheism, 120, 126; Central Israeli Spiritual Council, 124-25; communist era (1946-1989), 124, 126; fall of communism, 127; governing structures, 125; growing school enrollment, 127, 128; Jews, 119-21; (active and growing community, 126-27; Ashkenazi, 121; deportation, 122-23; early history, 121-22; experience during World War Two, 122-24; General Assembly of, 124-25; intermarriage, 124,126, 127; organizational structure of the community, 124-26; Sephardic, 119, 121, 128); Judaism, 124; organization and communication, 120; Organization for Jewish Bulgaria Shalom (OJB), 125-28; religious school, 127; Soviet invasion, 123; synagogue, 120 Solomon, King, 89 Soutzos, Michael Drakos, 138 Spanish Inquisition, 10, 99, 101, 153. See also Portuguese Inquisition St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 11, 12; American tourism to, 24; Chabad of, 17, 18, 22, 27; colonial occupations, 20; communication, 157; Covid-19 pandemic, 18, 21-22,40; governing structure, 11; Haskamoth, 23; Hebrew Congregation of, 17-18, 22-23, 27, 157; history of, 20-21; Hurricanes Irma and Maria, 17, 18, 25-27; Jewish community, 11; (education, 23; endurance, 27; future prospects, 26-28; governors, 21; immigration, 26-27; organizations, 21-25; population, 24, 26); Mahamade, 22-23; marriage law, 23;
Reform Judaism, 17-18, 24, 27; relationship with island’s community, 25-26; religious observances, 21-22; Sunday religious school, 23-24; synagogue, 17-20 symbolism, 6, 7 synagogue leadership, 5, 9, 22 systems theory, 3, 4, 152 Talmud, vii, 2, 124, 143, 151 Ten Commandments, 1 Tetteh, Angel, 79, 80 Tetteh, Samuel, 79, 80 thriving minority, 70-71 Toakyirafa, Aaron Ahotre, 77 Torah, vii, 1, 2, 6-8, 111, 112, 124, 143, 151 tourism, 67, 70 transcendent reality, 6 transliteration, of Hebrew prayers, 80, 94, 105-6 Treaty of Berlin, 121 Truman, Harry, 21 Twelve Tribes of Israel, 1 Ubico, Jorge, 49-50 Ukrainian Jews, 13-14, 147 unique quality of Jews, 63-66 Voinov (Senator, Romania), 136 Volovici, Avrum, 141 Walachia, 135 Ward, Mark, 3-5, 43, 54, 102, 120, 154 World War One, 49, 62, 121, 137, 139 World War Two, 9, 44, 48—49, 62, 63, 120, 126, 133, 144-46, 156; Halifax, Canada, 34-35, 44, 156; Iasi,
Index Romania: (destruction of the Jewish community, 139-41; Jewish history before, 137-39); Jewish experience in Bulgaria in, 122-24 Wouk, Herman, 21 Yankelewitz, Enrique, 67 Yiddish, 2, 64, 144; Theater, 137, 138, 145 173 Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), 2, 6, 53, 95, 99, 106-7, 155 YouTube, 40, 43 Zelechôw, 59-61; antisemitic laws, 62; immigrants, 63-64; Jewish tragedy, 61-63; Jews, 59-63,156; Nazis invasion, 62 Zionism, 63 |
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| author | Azriel, Joshua N. 1973- |
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| contents | St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands -- Halifax, Canada -- Guatemala City, Guatemala -- San Jose, Costa Rica -- Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana -- Bene Israel, India -- Belmonte, Portugal -- Sofia, Bulgaria -- Iasi, Romania |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1427326744 (DE-599)BVBBV049504021 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:21:58Z |
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| spelling | Azriel, Joshua N. 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)1322883912 aut Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication Joshua N. Azriel Lanham Lexington Books [2024] xiii, 175 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands -- Halifax, Canada -- Guatemala City, Guatemala -- San Jose, Costa Rica -- Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana -- Bene Israel, India -- Belmonte, Portugal -- Sofia, Bulgaria -- Iasi, Romania "This book demonstrates how strong internal and external communication has helped Jewish communities survive globally in unlikely locations, harsh circumstances, and periods of antisemitism. The author examines nine different international Jewish communities from an organizational communication perspective"-- Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd rswk-swf Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd rswk-swf Gruppenidentität (DE-588)4140349-6 gnd rswk-swf Jews / Identity Judaism / 21st century Communication / Religious aspects / Judaism Jews / Politics and government / 1948- Azriel, Joshua N. / Travel Juifs / Identité Juifs / Politique et gouvernement / 1948- Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 s Gruppenidentität (DE-588)4140349-6 s Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-66691-325-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034849105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034849105&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034849105&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Azriel, Joshua N. 1973- Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands -- Halifax, Canada -- Guatemala City, Guatemala -- San Jose, Costa Rica -- Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana -- Bene Israel, India -- Belmonte, Portugal -- Sofia, Bulgaria -- Iasi, Romania Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd Gruppenidentität (DE-588)4140349-6 gnd |
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| title | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication |
| title_auth | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication |
| title_exact_search | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication |
| title_full | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication Joshua N. Azriel |
| title_fullStr | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication Joshua N. Azriel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enduring Jewish communities around the world models of effective communication Joshua N. Azriel |
| title_short | Enduring Jewish communities around the world |
| title_sort | enduring jewish communities around the world models of effective communication |
| title_sub | models of effective communication |
| topic | Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd Gruppenidentität (DE-588)4140349-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jüdische Gemeinde Kommunikation Gruppenidentität |
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