Democratic backsliding in Poland: why has Poland gone to the dark side
"The book provides analysis of causes of democratic backsliding in Poland. The authors propose to take a closer look at historical and identity aspects, economic factors, social and political polarization, institutions, parties and role of external factors (e.g. European Union) - as issues stro...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2023]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The book provides analysis of causes of democratic backsliding in Poland. The authors propose to take a closer look at historical and identity aspects, economic factors, social and political polarization, institutions, parties and role of external factors (e.g. European Union) - as issues strongly contributing to this process"-- |
| Beschreibung: | ix, 245 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781666944242 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Introduction Lukasz Zamçcki, Renata Mienkowska-Norkiene, and Adam Szymanski 1 Poland and the De-democratization: The Ideological Dimension Filip Ilkowski 2 The Importance of Social Mobilization in the Processes of De-democratization in Poland After 2015 Anna Wierzchowska 13 29 3 Party Politics and Political Polarization in Poland as the Roots of De-democratization 63 Anna Paczesniak 4 The War of the Worlds—De-democratization in Media Coverage: “Us” and “Them” in “Wiadomosci” and “Fakty”—the News Programmes of the Public Broadcaster TVP and the Private Broadcaster TVN 87 Marta Jas-Koziarkiewicz 5 The Poles on Democracy: The Risks of De-democratization Ewa Maria Marciniak 6 The Role of the Institutional Factor in the Development of De-democratization in Poland Adam Szymanski V 1 119 141
vi 7 8 Contents Is It Brussels’ Fault? Narrating the (de-)Europeanization/ (de-)Democratization Nexus and Its Structural Determinants Agnieszka K. Cianciara De-democratization in Poland or, Briefly, Why It Is the Polish Minister of Justice Who Has Managed This Process and Why Brussels Has Said (and Done) Not Enough to Stop It Renata Mienkowska-Norkiene 167 191 Conclusion: The Reasons for Democratic Backsliding in Poland 227 Lukasz Zamçcki, Renata Mienkowska-Norkiene and Adam Szymanski Index 235 About the Editors and Contributors 243
Index Note: Page references for figures are italicized. 1989, 1, 9, 15-16, 19, 22, 33, 36-37, 39, 40-44, 47-48, 50-51, 54-56, 63, 65-66, 74,81,227, 233 2015, 1,4, 6, 8, 13, 15-16, 18,21,24, 29-30, 36-37, 44-53, 55-56, 67, 70-71, 73-75, 79, 81, 88, 93, 95, 110, 117, 119, 120-21, 126-27, 136-37, 139, 146, 148-51, 154-56, 158, 160-61, 167, 169, 174, 176, 181, 183, 192-93, 196-98, 203, 209, 213,217,219, 228, 230-31 abortion, 47, 52, 54, 101, 104, 106, 108,202 accession, 147, 167, 177, 203 accountability, 5, 34, 67-68, 73, 80, 109,191 adaptation, 33, 144, 172, 175, 183 affirmative attitude, 133-34. See also democratic attitude agenda setting, 111 Agora, 95 anti-communism, 22, 228 anti-Russianness, 20, 22 Article 7, 1, 197, 205-6, 208, 210, 212-15 Banas, Marian, 109 Biernacki, Marek, 102 Black Umbrella Marches, 47 Borusewicz, Bogdan, 40 broadcaster, 8, 74-75, 77, 88-89, 91-92, 94, 96-100, 104, 111, 117; private, 8, 88, 91-92, 98; public, 74, 89, 94, 96, 98 Broadcasting Act, 94 Budka, Borys, 99,103-5 capitalism, 13, 15, 22, 24. See also capitalist state capitalist state, 17 Catholic Church, 23, 41, 46-47, 52, 56, 70, 202, 227 CBOS, 79-81, 94, 97-98, 123-31, 133, 135-36, 180, 202-3, 205-6 Central-Eastern Europe, 35-37, 141-43, 167-70, 172-73, 177-78, 183,229 Central Europe. See Central-Eastern Europe citizen, 18, 24, 29-30, 33-35, 40, 47-48, 51-52, 55-56, 69, 72-73, 78-81, 87, 100-102, 107, 119, 120, 122-23, 136-37, 147, 159, 174, 176-77, 179, 181, 183, 191, 197-98, 203,211,228 235
236 Index Civic Coalition (KO), 130, 132-33, 139 court, 17, 54, 70, 80, 120, 146,149, Civic Platform (PO), 8,42, 45-47, 64, 150-52, 155, 175, 192,198,206-7, 68, 70, 72, 99, 102-3, 147, 169, 210,212,218-19 174-76, 181-82, 229 Court of Justice of the European Union civil, 1-2, 8, 29-30, 41-45, 47-^9, 54, (CJEU), 181, 195,200-2, 208-9, 56, 75, 109, 120, 153, 174, 192, 212-13,216-20 212, 227, 230-31; servants. See civil COVID-19. See pandemic service; service, 153; society, 8, 30, cursed soldiers, 50, 55,57 41, 43, 45, 47—49, 54, 56, 153, 227, Czarnecki, Ryszard, 109 Czarzasty, WIodzimierz, 102,181 230-31 civilization, 19-21, 52, 101, 175; de-democratization, 1,4-6, 8-9,13, European, 20; Western, 19, 21 15, 29-30, 32, 34-36, 48, 56, 81, CJEU. See Court of Justice of the 88, 90-93,96,109-11,122,134, European Union 135, 137, 141-48, 151, 156, 158-59, cleavage, 64, 65, 67, 81, 169, 174, 228 /60-61, 167-71, 174, 181-83, clientelism, 73-74, 142, 159, 760-161 191-96, 198, 202, 203, 206, 211-16, Committee for the Defense of 218-21,227-31,233 Democracy (KOD), 52 De-democratization risks. See competitiveness, 146 de-democratization conditionality, 147, 167, 178, 182 De-Europeanization, 9, 171-73, 179-83 Confederation. See Confederation of democracy, 1-3, 4-6, 8-9,13-19,21, Independent Poland 25, 29-30, 32-38, 42-45, 48-49, Confederation of Independent 51, 54, 56-57, 63, 65, 67-68, 73, Poland, 42 75-76, 79-81, 87-88, 90, 109,117, consensus, 8, 18, 23, 34,40, 63, 73, 119-35, 137-39, 141-43, 145-48, 108, 161, 174,221 151,156, 158-59, 161, 167-70, conservatism, 64, 88. See also 172-83, 191,
194, 196, 201,203—4, conservative 206, 208-9, 211-15, 221, 227-31, conservative, 46, 68-70, 158-59, 201, 233; deliberative, 1,3; liberal, 1,3, 228-29 5-6, 14-16, 44, 80, 158,167,172, constitution, 39, 47, 108, 146, 154, 174-75, 194, 228; local, 159,181; 155-156, 158, 177, 181, 200, 214 promotion, 167, 191 Constitutional Tribunal, 106, 108, 138, Democracy Index, 1-3, 156 146, 150, 152, 154-55, 200-201, democratic, 1,4-6, 8-9, 14-15,17-18, 209-10,212,214,216-17, 231 30, 32-37, 42—47, 49, 52-56, 63, content analysis, 91 66, 68, 76, 78-81, 87, 90, 94,117, contestation, 5, 22, 67, 169, 119-29, 131-37, 139, 141-43, 171-72, 182 145, 147, 156, 158, 160, 167-68, coordination, 193-95, 199-200, 220 170, 172-77, 179-80, 183,191-93, coordination of EU matters. See 195-98, 200-201, 204, 207, 209, coordination 211,214-15,219, 221,227-31, Copenhagen criteria, 167, 191 corruption, 159-61, 167, 233; attitude, 8-9, 121, 131; Council of Ministers. See government backsliding, 1,4-6, 8-9, 15, 34, 90, 141, 143, 145, 167-68, 191-93,
Index 196-97, 215, 227, 229, 230-31, 232; conditionality, 147; consolidation, 6, 142-43, 158, 167, 170, 183; deficit, 14, 176-77,179; Left Alliance, 45-46, 69, 99; political culture, 35, 147,228 democratization, 1, 4, 6, 9, 15,29, 32-37, 40, 42^44, 63, 87-88, 90, 119, 134, 135, 137, 141-46, 148-49, 157-58, 160-61, 168-73, 179, 183, 191-94, 196, 212-13, 216, 219-21, 227-28, 230, 233 division of powers, 149, 196, 202 Duda, Andrzej, 53, 70, 94, 99-103, 106, 150, 156-57 duopoly, 72 election, 1,4-6, 15, 24, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45-47, 53-54, 66-72, 75-77, 79-81, 94, 102, 104-6, 108-9, 117-18, 120-21, 124, 126, 130, 132, 135-38, 141, 146, 149-51, 153, 156-60, 191-92, 196, 212-17, 230-32. See also electoral integrity electoral integrity, 146, 149, 156, 161 electorate, 18, 53, 66-70, 72, 130, 132-37, 139, 159, 229; forgiving, 135; homogeneous, 136 elite, 14-15, 17-19, 22, 24, 30, 32, 34-36, 38, 42-43, 45^16, 48, 53, 56, 64-66, 68, 73, 76, 108, 143, 147, 155, 176 emergency rule, 154, 156 Emilewicz, Jadwiga, 107 EP. See European Parliament EPP. See European People’s Party EU. See European Union EU membership, 19, 45, 167, 175, 191-92, 194-96, 202-3, 206, 221 Eurobarometer, 180, 202-7 Europeanization, 6, 9, 167-76,180-83, 193, 228, 230, 232 European Parliament (EP), 80, 107, 150, 179-80, 182, 193, 209, 212, 213-16, 219-20 237 European People’s Party (EPP), 75, 107, 202 European Union (EU), 1,4, 6, 21, 23, 44-45, 48, 50-51, 63, 80, 107-8, 118n7, 136, 147, 152, 158, 167, 169, 172, 174, 177, 179-83, 191-96, 198-209, 211-21, 228-30, 233 Euroscepticism, 46, 202 Eurozet group, 95 executive, 5-7,
79, 146-51, 159, 193-94, 197, 199, 218, 220-21, 230, 232; aggrandizement, 6, 9, 148-51, 161,230 executive power. See executive façade attitude, 9, 133-34. See also democratic attitude Fakty, 8, 87-88, 91-92, 98-99, 101-11 Federation of Fighting Youth, 42 Fourth Polish Republic, 48 frame analysis, 91 framing, 90 free market economy, 1, 63 Freedom of Expression Council, 94 freedom of speech, 94, 101-2, 108, 110, 121 Gawkowski, Krzysztof, 99, 102 Gazeta Polska, 159 Gazeta Wyborcza, 95 Gierek, Edward, 38-39 globalization, 172, 194, 208, 221 government, 8-9, 15, 17-18, 20, 24, 33, 36, 40, 45-47, 49-52, 54-56, 68-69, 70, 74, 76, 78, 80, 88-89, 91, 93-96, 98, 100, 102-4, 106-9, 118n6-20, 123-28, 131-32, 134, 138, 147, 150-54, 157-59, 172, 174, 176-82, 191-93, 195-97, 200-213, 217-21, 229-31. See also executive Gowin, Jaroslaw, 53, 196 Grabiec, Jan, 103 Gronkiewicz-Waltz, Hanna, 53 Gwiazda, Andrzej, 40,42
238 Hartwich, Iwona, 105 Holownia, Szymon, 105-6, 132 Horala, Marcin, 103 human rights, 8, 191-92, 214 Index Kaczynski, Jaroslaw, 20-21,24,43,46, 48, 50-51, 53, 74-75, 78, 99, 101-2, 106-7, 146, 153, 159, 192, 196-202, 214, 220 Kaczynski, Lech, 46, 51, 68-70, 77-78 Kidawa-Bloriska, Malgorzata, 102, 105, 108 KO. See Civic Coalition KOD. See Committee for the Defense of Democracy Konieczny, Maciej, 105 Kosiniak-Kamysz, Wladyslaw, 103, 106, 181 KRRiT. See National Broadcasting Council Kukiz 15, 107 Kukiz, Pawel, 107 Кигой, Jacek, 39-40, 53 Kwasniewski, Aleksander, 45 ideology, 8, 13-14, 16, 18-20, 22-23, 25, 47, 52, 64, 73, 76-77, 168 illiberal constitutionalism, 9, 146,148, 153-55, 157, 160-61 imitation, 172-73, 183 imperialism, 21 incumbent, 18, 67, 143, 145-45, 150-51, 153-60; advantage, 157, 160 Independence March, 50 independence of the judiciary, 79, 81, 120, 150, 152-53, 168, 178, 206, 212 Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarity”, 38-44. See also Solidarity Movement Independent Students’ Union, 42 Law and Justice (PiS), 1,4, 8,13,15, infringement procedure, 197, 206, 216 17-20, 22-25, 29-30, 42, 45^18, Institute of National Remembrance, 153 50-54, 56, 64, 67-75, 77-81, 94, institution, 1, 4-5, 8-9, 14, 16, 17, 96, 99, 101-3, 107-9, 117n4,124, 20-21 23-25, 34, 36, 38, 41, 50, 70, 126, 130, 132-33, 135-39, 146-53, 74, 79-81, 95-96, 107, 109, 117, 155-61, 167, 169, 175-83, 196-97, 119-20, 123, 136, 141-47, 150-53, 200, 202-3, 207, 228-32. See also 155, 157-59, 161, 174, 176-79, 181, 183, 191-96, 198-209,211, 215-18, United Right left, 16, 35, 42, 45-46,
64, 66, 69-71, 220-21, 227-28, 230-31. See also 99, 102, 105, 130, 132-33, 135, institutional change 139n4, 174, 181-82 institutional change, 6, 8, 17, 142-46, left-right spectrum, 64, 70-71 148, 151, 157-58,160-61 legislative, 7, 14, 73, 135, 147-52, 157, institutionalism, 142, 144; historical, 142, 144; new, 142, 144 192-93, 197,214, 221, 232 legislative power, 147 Jachira, Klaudia, 102 legitimization, 168, 171, 183, 230 Jaroslaw Gowin’s Agreement. See Leszczyna, Izabela, 103 Gowin, Jaroslaw LGBT, 18, 20, 46, 70, 156, 202, 227 Jonski, Dariusz, 99, 103, 105 LGBT+. See LGBT LBGTQ+. See LGBT judiciary, 15, 17, 79, 81, 108,148-53, 155, 168, 192, 198,205,211-12, liberal model of democracy. See liberal 218-19, 231 democracy judiciary power. See judiciary liberalism, 15, 17-18, 53, 64, 88, 172, 174, 176, 183; undemocratic, 172, 174, 176, 183
Index Macierewicz Commission, 51 majoritarianism, 147 Malqg, Marlena, 100, 103 martial law, 41 media, 8, 15, 17, 20, 47-49, 52, 54, 70, 74-76, 79-81, 87-98, 102, 107, 109-11, 117nnl-4, 120, 136, 138-39n2, 152-53, 155, 157, 159, 168, 192, 206, 216-17, 229, 231; content, 8, 90-91, 98; coverage, 87-88, 91, 111; narrative, 89; polarization, 88-90, 110; policy, 88-89, 93, 95-96, 110; system, 88-89, 117n2 Mejza, Lukasz, 109 member states (MS), 6, 80, 118, 168-69, 171-72, 175-79, 183,193-94, 199, 203, 205, 208-9, 211-12,215-19, 221,226 mobilization, 8, 29-32, 36-37, 41-42, 44, 47-49, 51-52, 54, 64, 72, 119, 123, 133, 173, 229; political, 8; social, 29-30 Morawiecki, Komei, 42 Morawiecki, Mateusz, 99-103,106, 109, 118, 178-79, 198, 200, 220 movement, 14,16, 19-20, 22, 29-32, 38-43, 46, 48-49, 52, 55, 68, 70, 76, 182, 227-28; political, 16, 22, 70, 228; social, 16, 22, 29-31, 46, 48 Movement for the Defense of Human and Civil Rights, 39 Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland, 46 MS. See member states narrative, 9, 13, 15, 23, 25, 29, 45, 48, 50-51, 55, 71, 75-76, 89, 169-84, 192-93, 195-96, 199, 202-4, 207-11, 213, 216-21, 228, 230-31 Nasz Dziennik, 159 National Broadcasting Council (KRRiT), 74-75, 94, 152 National Council of Judiciary, 150 239 National Electoral Commission, 72, 106, 117, 151, 153, 157 National Media Council, 74, 94, 96,152 National Recovery Plan (NRP), 107, 118n7,206,213,221 nationalism, 1, 6, 19-20, 23, 146, 155, 167. See also nationalist nationalist, 30, 37, 41, 43, 45-46, 49-51, 55-56, 64, 124, 155, 172-74, 182-83 nation-state, 9, 169, 172, 175, 179, 182-83,
193,230 neo-liberal. See also neo-liberalism neo-liberalism, 17, 172,174 Newsweek, 95 NextGenerationEU, 197, 200, 206 NGO, 56, 118, 148, 151,201 non-compliance, 105, 202, 219 Nowacka, Barbara, 101-2 NRP. See National Recovery Plan NSZZ. See Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Ochojska, Janina, 102 Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, 95 Oko.press, 95 Olszewski, Jan, 53 opposition, 6, 17-18, 20-21, 31, 37-40, 42-43, 45-47, 52-54, 56, 68-69, 71, 75-76, 80, 91-96, 98-99, 101-11, 117n4-19, 130, 132-33, 135-37, 139nl-2,4, 143, 146-47, 149, 151, 156, 160, 169, 174, 176, 178, 181-84n3, 191-93, 197-98, 201, 206-7, 221, 230 Ordo Iuris, 54, 159, 201 Orlen, 93, 152 pandemic, 102-4, 106-7, 118n7, 149-51, 154, 156-57, 200, 206, 212,219 parliament, 6, 16, 37, 45-46, 77, 147, 149-53, 158, 170, 177, 179-80, 197, 199, 204-5, 218, 220, 231. See also
240 Index European Parliament; legislative Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR), power 38, 42, 45 parliamentary debate, 135, 169 political, 1,4-6, 8-9, 13-25,29-32, partisan, 63-64, 68, 71, 73, 75, 80, 90, 35-54, 56, 63-71,73, 75-81, 174; journalism, 90; media, 90 87-91, 94, 98-100, 102, 104, 106-7, partocracy, 159, 160-61 109-1, 117nl, 119-24, 127, 129-30, party, 1, 4, 8-9, 13-14, 16, 20, 22-23, 132-38, 141-48, 151, 155, 158-61, 29, 35, 38-39, 42, 43, 45-46, 48-54, 168-74, 177,180-83, 192-95, 56, 63-81, 88-89, 92, 94-96, 99, 198-99, 200-202, 207-9, 212-14, 102-3, 105-7, 110, 117n4, 119-20, 219-21, 227-31, 233; culture, 8, 122, 126, 130, 132-33, 135-39, 35-36, 122, 143, 147-43, 228, 233; 142, 146-49, 151-53, 158-61, desensitization, 136; process theory, 164, 167-69, 174-76, 180-83, 31-32; regime, 5, 14-15, 141-43, 194, 196-98, 201, 203, 207, 220, 147, 160 229-31; governing, 53, 74, 146—49, politicization, 74, 87, 90, 97-98, 152-3, 158-61, 194, 196-97, 207; 137-38, 153,206 oppositional. See opposition Polityka, 95, 117n2, 224 People’s Party. See Polish People’s Polska Press, 93,152 Party populism, 1, 47, 90, 167, 228. See also personalization, 87 populist PiS. See Law and Justice populist, 6, 8, 13-16, 19-20, 23, 25, 30, pluralism, 35, 54, 74, 89, 110, 43, 45-47, 52-53, 56, 124, 136, 146, 155, 160, 172, 227-31 117n2, 147 post-communist countries, 34, 65, PO. See Civic Platform 81, 167 Poland 2050, 105, 132, 139 post-pandemic. See pandemic Poland Together, 146, 158. See also United Right power, 6, 9, 13-17, 19, 22-25, 30, 34, 38, 40, 43, 45—46, 51-52, 56, polarization, 4, 6-8,
18, 25, 30, 35, 67, 70, 74-76, 79, 81, 87, 94-96, 41-43, 45-46, 48, 55-56, 63-65, 98, 101, 103, 107-8, 122, 126, 67-68, 72-73, 76-81, 88-93, 96, 132, 135, 137-39, 142, 146-51, 110-11, 135, 137, 147, 160-61, 153, 158-61, 167-69, 175-76, 193, 207, 228-33; affective, 65, 179, 181, 183, 191-92, 194-96, 73, 79-81, 229; behavioral, 89, 93; 200-202, 211, 216-17, 220-21, political, 4, 6-8, 25, 41, 45-46, 230-31; centralization, 9,148,160; 56,63-65, 68, 77, 79-81, 88-89, 114, 135, 137, 160, 228-30, 232; consolidation, 6, 9,148,160 president, 4, 20, 46, 69, 70, 74, 78, 106, social, 4, 6, 8, 25, 30, 46, 48, 55, 89, 228-230, 232; structural, 89, 93 117n4-18n6, 150, 153, 159, 180, 182, 197-98,218 Polexit, 181, 193-94, 196, 199,202-3, prime minister, 69, 78, 101, 106, 206-7,213, 221 118n6, 153, 157, 170, 178, 197-201, Polish Initiative, 99, 101, 103 217, 220 Polish National Foundation, 159-60 Polish People’s Party, 66, 102-3, 106, public, 1, 4, 8, 16, 18, 24, 29, 32, 36, 42, 44, 46, 48-49, 52, 54, 58, 61, 174, 181 64, 67, 69-70, 74-75, 77-80, 87-99, Polish Press Agency, 74, 152
Index 100, 106, 108, 111, 116-18n6, 121-23, 133-34, 136-39, 150-53, 157-59, 173-74, 192-208, 213, 219-21, 227, 230; debate, 77, 87, 90, 93, 108, 111, 192; interest, 87; media, 70, 74-75, 79, 94, 96-97, 139n2, 152-53, 157; perception, 61 PZPR. See Polish United Workers’s Party radicalization, 46, 49-50, 70 Radio Maryja, 52-53, 55, 159, 201 Recovery Fund, 200, 209, 213, 215, 221 resource mobilization theory, 31 Reuter Institute, 97 Ringer Axel Springer group, 95 Rosati, Dariusz, 109, 182 Round Table talks, 42-43, 48, 53, 228 Ruch, 46, 93 rule of Law, 1, 5, 13, 17, 25, 54, 63, 75, 80-81, 103, 108-9, 118n7, 138, 142, 146, 154-55, 158, 167, 174-75, 178, 181-83, 191-92, 194-96, 198-200, 202, 205-21 Russia, 20-22, 78, 175, 180-82, 200, 231. See also Anti-Russianness Rydzyk, Tadeusz, 52-53 Samoobrona, 46, 53 Sasin, Jacek, 103 Schetyna, Grzegorz, 103, 175 Sejm, 46, 54, 94, 103, 117n6, 147, 151, 156-57,170,175-82, 198-99,231 self-government, 42, 70, 80, 202 Senat, 147, 149, 151, 157, 198 SLAPPs, 96 Smolensk catastrophe, 46, 51 society, 4, 8, 13-14, 16, 18, 22, 23-24, 29-32, 35-36, 39-45, 47-49, 51-52, 54-56, 63-64, 67-69, 71, 76-81, 89, 93, 108, 110, 120-23, 126-30, 132-38, 143, 148, 153, 158, 160-61, 174, 192, 201-6, 208,211,213,221, 227-32 241 Solidarity. See Independent SelfGoverning Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarity” Solidarity Electoral Action, 46, 68 Solidarity Movement, 38-44, 48, 50, 55-56, 68, 228 Solidarna Polska, 99, 196, 225 sovereignty, 22, 39, 48, 155, 176, 178, 182, 193-94, 201-2, 208, 221 State Tribunal, 109 strike, 38-39, 49, 75, 174 sub-frame, 88, 91-93, 99-104,106-11
subsidy system, 89 Supreme Audit Office, 70, 102, 118 Supreme Court, 150, 152, 155, 197, 209-11, 213 system, 4, 8-9, 14-15, 17-18, 21-22, 30, 32-38, 40-46, 48-49, 52, 54, 56, 63-65, 67-68, 70-71, 76, 78-81, 87-89, 107, 109, 115, 117nl-18n7, 120-21, 125-32, 134, 137-38, 141-42, 144-47, 149-50, 153-54, 158, 161, 169, 172, 174, 176, 183, 192-93, 195, 198-201,206-7,210, 212, 216, 219-20, 227-29, 231, 237; checks and balances, 9, 81, 142, 146, 743-49, 158, 160, 214, 231; party, 64, 65, 67, 70-71, 147; political, 8, 9, 14, 18,37, 40, 46, 48, 52, 54, 63-65, 67, 87, 120-21, 107, 121, 137, 141-42, 746-49, 158,160-61, 183, 201, 212, 220 tabloidization, 87 Third Republic, 229 Thun, R6za, 102 TINA, 16 Tomczyk, Cezary, 99 transformation, 8-9, 29, 32-3, 35-8, 43-4, 46, 48, 53, 56, 66, 71, 78, 120, 124, 127-28, 144-45, 219, 228, 231,233 transition, 1, 4-6, 8, 13, 15-16, 19, 22-5, 27, 29, 30, 32-33, 37, 54, 63,
242 66—7, 73, 81, 117n2, 142-43, 227, 229. See also democratic transition Trzaskowski, Rafal, 99, 105, 181 Tusk, Donald, 69, 74-75, 78, 99, 102-103, 107-8, 175, 181 TVN, 8, 77, 87-88, 91-95, 97-99, 110, 138, 139n2 TVN24, 77, 94-5, 203 TVP, 8, 50, 74-5, 77, 87-8, 91-2, 94, 97-9, 110-11, 117n3, 152 TVP1, 77, 97-98 unintended consequences, 168-69, 173, 182 United Poland, 146, 158, 196-97, 203. See also United Right United Right, 74, 88, 91, 93-5, 97, 100, 108, 110, 117n4— 18n8, 133, 139n3, 146, 151-52, 154-55, 158-59, 196, 198, 202 Index V-Dem, 1-3, 7, 33, 141, 149-52, 154, 156, 192, 197 voter turnout, 71, 80, 229 Walentynowicz, Anna, 40 Walçsa, Lech, 39-40,43, 45, 53, 55 Western Europe, 20, 25, 66,169, 173-74 Wiadomosci, 8, 87-8, 91-2, 97-108, 110-11 Witek, Elzbieta, 156 Wojtyla, Karol, 38 women’s rights, 101 Workers’ Defense Committee (Komitet Obrony Robotnikôw, KOR), 39-40 World Press Freedom Index, 110 Zandberg, Adrian, 102 Ziobro, Zbigniew, 99, 102, 108-9, 150, 192, 196-203, 207, 211-14, 220 |
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| spelling | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side Łukasz Zamecki, Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene and Adam Szymański Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2023] © 2023 ix, 245 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The book provides analysis of causes of democratic backsliding in Poland. The authors propose to take a closer look at historical and identity aspects, economic factors, social and political polarization, institutions, parties and role of external factors (e.g. European Union) - as issues strongly contributing to this process"-- Geschichte 2015-2021 gnd rswk-swf Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf European Union / Influence Democratization / Poland Polarization (Social sciences) / Poland Poland / Politics and government Poland / Economic aspects Démocratisation / Pologne Polarisation collective / Pologne Pologne / Politique et gouvernement (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 s Geschichte 2015-2021 z DE-604 Zamęcki, Łukasz 1982- (DE-588)1219867519 edt Mieńkowska-Norkiene, Renata (DE-588)1189678551 edt Szymański, Adam (DE-588)1200425065 edt Online version Democratic backsliding in Poland Lanham, Maryland : Lexington Books, [2023] 9781666944259 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034842716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034842716&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4124941-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side |
| title_auth | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side |
| title_exact_search | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side |
| title_full | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side Łukasz Zamecki, Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene and Adam Szymański |
| title_fullStr | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side Łukasz Zamecki, Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene and Adam Szymański |
| title_full_unstemmed | Democratic backsliding in Poland why has Poland gone to the dark side Łukasz Zamecki, Renata Mieńkowska-Norkiene and Adam Szymański |
| title_short | Democratic backsliding in Poland |
| title_sort | democratic backsliding in poland why has poland gone to the dark side |
| title_sub | why has Poland gone to the dark side |
| topic | Demokratisierung (DE-588)4124941-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Demokratisierung Polen Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034842716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034842716&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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