Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914:
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 Albania - a travellers writers’ discovery 2 The Congress of Berlin and the Albanian Question between policies of Disraeli and Gladstone 1876-81 7 27 3 Impact of the British Liberalism on Albanian Question 47 4 Albanian Nationalism and Macedonian Question 61 5 Against the Young Turks, 1908-10 77 6 From autonomy to independence 101 7 The Balkans for the Balkan people 121 8 Refuting Gladstonian liberalism 137 Conclusion 157 Appendix 161 Notes 162 Selected Bibliography 190 Index 205
Selected Bibliography Primary sources The National Archives: Public Record Office (PRO), Kew, London Cabinet Papers CAB, 37/95 - Cabinet Prints, South-Eastern Europe, September to October 1908, Nr. 118 CAB, 37/99 - Cabinet Prints, South-Eastern Europe, March to May 1909, Nr. 62,68,71, 72,73 and 74 Foreign Office Correspondence FO, 78/3074-78/3074 - Layard and Goschen Drafts, General Correspondence before 1906, Ottoman Empire, Constantinople May to June 1880 FO, 78/4791 - Railways, Constantinople Correspondence 1892-1896 FO, 170/802 - Albania, Commission of Control, Valona 1914 FO, 195/2328 - Salonica 1909, His Britannic Majesty’s Consulate Correspondence FO, 195/2304 - Constantinople 1909, Military Attaché Correspondence FO, 195/2406 - Embassy and Consulates Correspondence, Albania 1912 FO, 195/2407 - Embassy and Consulates Correspondence, Albania 1912 FO, 371/123 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 371/149 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 371/151 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 421/287 - Correspondence, Affairs of Albania, October to December 1913 FO, 421/293 - Further Correspondence Part III, Affairs of Albania, April to June 1914 FO, 371/581 - Bands in Macedonia 1908, Case 6, Papers 106-8071 FO, 371/758 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/770 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/779 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/1003 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1910 FO, 371/1013 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1910 FO, 371/1231 -
Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 FO, 371/1887 - Political 1914, Albania File 352 FO, 371/1893 - Albania, Balkan Committee, General Correspondence 1914 FO, 371/1895 - Albania, General Correspondence 1914 FO, 424/67 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXII, 1878 FO, 424/69 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXIV, 1878 FO, 424/70 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXV, 1878 FO, 424/74 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXIX, September 1878
Selected Bibliography 191 FO, 424/75 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXX, October 1878 FO, 424/80 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXXIV, February 1879 FO, 424/83 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXXVII, May 1879 FO, 424/101 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part LII, August 1880 FO, 424/128 - Affairs of Turkey, Kirby Green Correspondence, Part LXXII, Scutari 1883 FO, 424/129 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part LXXIV, 1883 FO, 424/136 - Confidential Print, Macedonia Correspondence, 1881-84 FO, 881/10422 - Confidential Print, Montenegro: Annual Report (Count de Salis), 1913 FO, 35611/14/11/44 - Gooch and Temperley, Vol. IX, the Balkan Wars WORK 12/290 - Mural Decorations: Goetze Frescoes British Library: Henry Layard, Memoirs, Add. 38,934, Section I Layard Papers, Add. MSS 39149 Nr. 505 Royal Anthropological Institute Archives, London RAI, MS 42:9 - Diaries of journeys, mainly to the Balkans 1900-36, note-books RAI, MS 43/1900-08 - Letters to the family, mainly to her mother and her sister Nelly Letters to WH. Nevinson. 1900-12 RAI, MS 46:16 - Some tribal origins, laws and customs in the Balkans, [1928], handwritten notes RAI, MS 51:3 - Political manuscripts RAI, MS 51:4 - Political manuscripts RAI, MS 53 - Newspaper cuttings: reviews of M.E. Durhams works, 1905-1909 RAI, MS 54:29 - Newspaper articles and notes from The Nation, etc. on different subjects, mainly by WH. Nevinson - Letters to the editor of The Nation, etc. RAI, MS 55 - Balkan politics: articles by various people, memoranda, abstracts, newspapers, letters
RAI, MS 57: 5 - Political correspondence. Various papers, ‘Sundry correspondence Albania, 1920’ Bafbakanhk Osmanlt Arpvi (The Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office) Istanbul HR. SFR 3 - 270 /1/ 53 - Mémoire HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/ 5 - The letter sent by G. W. Leybourn HR. SFR 3-315/3/6-7 - Communication between the Ottoman Foreign Ministry and Lord Salisbury, the British Foreign Secretary HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/ 7 - Communication between Lord Salisbury and the Ottoman Foreign Ministry HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/10-1 - Lord Salisbury’s letter to the Ottoman ambassador, Musurush Pasha HR. SYS. 00118/ 28 - Isa Boletinaz (Report) HR. SYS. 00135/5 - The Communication of the Ottoman Embassy HR. SFR 3 - 315, 3.5- Arnautluk, Annexe Au Nr. 851,683 HR. SYS. 140/ 9/ 1911/ 06/ 06/5 - Arnavutluk Ihtilali Komitesi Katibi ünvani verilen Dede ivanay (veya Nikola Ivanay) HR. SYS. 151/60 /2 /1912/ 07 /06 - Isa Bolatin’in Çetesine yeni iltihaklar oldugu ve Sirp halkmi kendisine celbetmeye çahçtigi - Communication between the Ottoman Legation in Belgrade with Ottoman Foreign Ministry
192 Selected Bibliography HR. SYS.00119/20 - Ottoman Diplomatic Communication HR. SYS. 37 /1911/ 07 /19 /3/ 148 - Jön Türklerin Katolik Arnavutlara ve Malisörlere YEE. 15/ 21/1318 /R/13/1 - Ismail Kemal Bey’in Arnavutluk ve Avrupadaki Arkivi i Shtetit Shqiptar (The Albanian State Archive) Tirana AQSH F19: D. 32/4, F. 149 - Letër e Faik Konicës dërguar Ibrahim Temos AQSH F. 19. D. 32/3, F. 432 - Letër e Ismail Qemalit dërguar Eduard Grejit AQSH, F.2, V.1911, D.73, N. 13 - Letërkëmbim i personaliteteve shqiptare me autoritetet britanike AQSH, F. 2,1912, D. 74/1; 73/3 - Dokumente të Pavarësisë AQSH, F. 12,1912, D. 12 - Letërkëmbim i personaliteteve shqiptare AQSH. F. 56, V. 1912, D. 26,61,65,96 - Dokumente të Pavarësisë Edward Boyle Collection, Leeds University Library, Brotherton Library - Special Collections MS 405/24 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS. 57/7 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 57:5 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/203 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/30 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/94 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/105 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/116 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/120 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/154 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence University of Leeds Library, Special Collections, Durham, Vol. 1, Case M10 DUR NA, FO, 371/1228 - General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 NA, FO, 371/1231 - General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 NA, FO, 371/1481 -
General Correspondence, Turkey (War) 1912 Surrey History Centre Archives Lord Onslow Private Papers, Vol. 1 G 173/21 G 173/22 5537/7/78 Somerset Heritage Centre Archives DD/DRU 4/4 - Herbert Family Papers, Political and General Correspondence DD/DRU 4/6 - Herbert Family Papers, General Correspondence DD/DRU 4/10 - Papers relating to Albania DD/DRU 31 -Speeches and notes for speeches given by Aubrey Herbert, 1911-1923 DD/DRU 35 - Miscellaneous correspondence, 1896-1903 DD/DRU 41 - Speeches and notes for speeches given by Aubrey Herbert, 1911-1923 DD/DRU 43 - Miscellaneous Papers DD/DRU 47 - Correspondence of Μ. Edith Durham to Aubrey Herbert, Μ H, and Auberon II Herbert, 1914-1942 Arkivi i Kosovës (Kosovo Archive) Prishtina XXIV/K. 1 -1 -1913 - Govor Kralja Nikole Koleksioni i Aleksandar Bukviëit, viti 1902, Nr. 20
Selected Bibliography 193 Hansard Online Parga, House of Commons Debate, 29 June 1820 vol. 2 ccl06-16 https://api.parliament. uk/historic-hansard/commons/1820/jun/29/parga [accessed 3 June 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Protocol 13, House of Commons Debate, 17 April 1879 vol. 245 cc52571037 http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/apr/17/treaty-of-berlinprotocol-13-greece-and [accessed 9 June 2022] Congress of Berlin - Motion for an Address, House of Commons Debate, 22 July 1879, vol. 248 CC1027-90 http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/jul/22/ motion-for-an-address#S3V0248P0_18790722_HOC_126 [accessed 20 July 2022] The Treaty of Berlin - Execution of the Articles, House of Commons Debate, 18 June 1880, vol. 253 cc297-9299, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1880/ jun/18/the-treaty-of-berlin-execution-of-the [accessed 10 May 2022] Observations, House of Commons Debate, 2 September 1880, vol. 256 ccl 119-56 observations. (hansard, 2 September 1880) (parliament.uk) [accessed 11 August 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Eastern Affairs - The Principle of Nationalities, House of Commons Debate, 4 September 1880, vol. 256 ccl298-3281303 - 1305 observations, (hansard, 4 September 1880) (millbanksystems.com) [accessed 11 August 2022] The Treaty of Berlin, House of Commons Debate, 18 June 1880, vol. 253 cc297-9 the treaty of berlin - execution of the articles, (hansard, 18 June 1880) (millbanksystems. com) [accessed 15 August 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Eastern Affairs - The Principle of Nationalities, House of Commons Debate, 4 September 1880, vol. 256 CC1298-3281303 - 1305
observations. (hansard, 4 September 1880) (parliament.uk) [accessed 15 June 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Protocol 13 - Greece and Turkey - Rectification of Frontier. Resolution, House of Common Debate, 17 April 1879, vol. 245 cc525-70528 http:// hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/apr/17/treaty-of-berlin-protocol-13greece-and [accessed 9 June 2022] Congress of Berlin - Motion for an Address, House of Commons Debate, 22 July 1879, vol. 248 CC1027-90 http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/jul/22/ motion-for-an-address#S3V0248P0_18790722_HOC_126 [accessed 20 July 2022] Secondary sources Books Abdylhamiti, Sulltan. Kujtimet e Mia nga Politika. Shkup: LogosA, 2011. Abdyli, Ramiz. Kryengritja e Përgjithshme e Vitit 1912 dhe Lëvizja e Oficerëve. Prishtinë: Arkivi kombëtar i Kosovës -Vjetar XXVIIXXVIII, 2002. Abdyli, Ramiz. Lëvizja Kombëtare Shqiptare, 1908-1912, Vol. 1 dhe 2. Prishtinë: Institut! I Historisë, 2004. Abdyli, Tahir. Lëvizja Kombëtare Shqiptare 1900-1903. Prishtina: Rilindja, 1982. Ahmad, Feroz. The Young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities - Armenians, Greeks, Albanians, Jews, and Arabs 1908-1918. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2014.
194 Selected Bibliography Alexis, Heraclides and Dialla Ada, Humanitarian Intervention in the Long Nineteenth Century: Setting the Precedent. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015. Allcock, John B. and Antonia Young. Black Lambs and Grey Falcons - Women Travelling in the Balkans. New York: Bergham Books, 2000. Anamali, Skënder and Kristaq Prifti. Historia e Popullit Shqiptar, Vol. II. Tirana: Botimet Toena, 2002. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and the Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983. Anderson, Frank Maloy and Amos Shartle Hershey. Handbookfor the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870-1914. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918. Bajraktari, Jusuf. Lidhja shqiptare e Prizrenit dhe Vendi i Saj në Histori. Prishtina: University of Prishtina, 2008. Bassett, Richard. For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. Beaconsfield, Earl of. Home Letters. London: John Murray, 1885. Bebbington, David. William Ewart Gladstone: Faith and Politics in Victorian Britain. Michigan: William B. Publishing Company, 1993. Bebbington, David. The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer, and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Biagini, Antonello, and Giovanna Motta. Empires and Nations from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century, Vol. 2. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. Bible Society: The Thirteenth Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society. London: Forgotten Books, 1817. Blaquiere, Edward. Narrative of a Second Visit to Greece.
Cambridge: Cambridge Library Collection, 2014. Bonaparte, Prince Louis Lucien. Albanian Dialects. London: The Centre for Albanian Studies, 2014. Bourne, Kenneth, and Cameron Watt, eds., British Documents on Foreign Affairs, Vol. 20, The Ottoman Empire under the Young Turks 1908-1914. (Washington: University Publications of America Inc., 1985). 6-12. Boyar, Ebru. Ottoman Turks and the Balkans - Empire Lost, Relations Altered. London: I.B.Tauris, 2007. Brailsford, Henry Noel. Macedonia, Its Races and Their Future. London: Methuen, 1906. Broadhead, Philip, and Damian Keown. Can Faith Make Peace?: Holy Wars and the Resolution ofReligious Conflict. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. Broughton, Lord. Travels in Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in 1809 1810, Vol. I. London: Murray, 1858. Brundskill, Ian. Great Military Lives - A Century in Obituaries: Atatürk. London: Times Books, 2005. Buchan, John. Greenmantle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Buckle, George. The Life of Benjamin Disraeli Earl of Beaconsfield, Vol. VI. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920. Buxton, Noel. Europe and the Turks. London: John Murray, 1907. Byron, George Gordon. The Life, Writings, Opinions, and Times of the Right Hon George Gordon Noel Byron, Lord Byron, Vol. 1 of3. London: Matthew Iley, 1825. Byron, George Gordon. Letters and Journals ofLord Byron: With Notices of His Life, Volume 1. London: John Murray, 1830.
Selected Bibliography 195 Byron, George Gordon, The Works ofLord Byron: Including the Suppressed Poems. Paris: A and W, Galignani, 1831. Carlisle, Rodney P. Eyewitness History, World War I. New York: Facts on File, 2007. Carmichael, Cathie. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans - Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition. London: Routledge, 2002. Carnegie Endowment. Report of the International Commission to Inquiry into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars. Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1914. Çeku, Ethem, and Bejtullah Destani. Gjeneral G. F. Phillips: Komiteti ‘Mbrojtja Kombëtare e Kosovës’ - Dokumente Historike nga Arkivat Britanike 1913-1921. Tiranë: Institut! i Çështjeve Kombëtare Centre for Albanian Studies, 2015. Clark, Christopher. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. London: Allen Lane, 1012. Clayer, Nathalie. Në Fillimet e Nacionalizmit Shqiptar - Lindja e Një Kombi me Shumicë Myslimane në Evropë. Tiranë: Përpjekja, 2012. Cochran, Peter. The Gothic Byron. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. Cockerell, Charles. Travels in Southern Europe and the Levant, 1810-1817. London: Paternoster Row, 1903. Dauti, Daut. Çështja Shqiptare në Diplomacinë Britanike 1877-1880. Shkup: Logos A, 2012. Демири, Мариглен, and Здравко Савески. Национализуют во (н) контекст: соработка на Албанците и Македонците од Илинденското востание до Народноослободителната воум. Скопле: Левичарско Движене Солидарност, 2014. Dërmaku, Ismet. Lidhjet Shqiptaro-Maqedone dhe Çështja e Reformave në Turqinë Evropiane në Fund të Shek. XIX dhe në Fillim të Shek. XX.
Prishtinë: Vjetari i Arkivit të Kosovës, XXI, 1979. Destani, Bejtullah, ed., Faik Konitza. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2000. Destani, Bejtullah, ed., Μ. Edith Durham: Albania and the Albanians - Selected Articles and Letters, 1903-1944. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2001. Destani, Bejtullah, and Robert Elsie, eds., The London Conference and the Albanian Question 1912-1914 - The Dispatches of Sir Edward Grey. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2016. Disraeli, Benjamin. The Rise of Iskander. London: Saunders and Otley, 1833. Disraeli, Benjamin. The Works of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, Volume II. New York and London: Μ. Walter Dunne, 1904. Durham, Edith. The Burdon of the Balkans. London: Edward Arnold, 1905. Durham, Edith. High Albania. London: Edward Arnold, 1909. Durham, Edith. Struggle for Scutari. London: Edward Arnold, 1914. Durham, Edith. Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle. London: Allen Anwin, 1920. Effendi, Wassa. The Truth on Albania and the Albanians. London: National Press Agency, 1879. Elliot, Arthur. The Life of George Joachim Goschen - First Viscount Goschen 1831-1907. London: Longmans, 1911. Elsie, Robert. Albanian Literature - Short History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2005. Elsie, Robert. Historical Dictionary ofAlbania. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2010. Elsie, Robert. A Biographical Dictionary ofAlbanian History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012. Elsie, Robert. Gathering Clouds. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2015. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Cham Albanians of Greece - A Documentary History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013.
196 Selected Bibliography Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Balkan Wars - British Consular Reportsfrom Macedonia in the Final Years of the Ottoman Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Blaze in the Balkans, Μ. Edith Durham, Selected Writings 1903-1914. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Macedonian Question in the Eyes ofBritish Journalists 1899-1919. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2015. Evans, Arthur. Ancient Illyria - An Archaeological Exploration. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006. Evans, Arthur. Albanian Letters’. In Arthur Evans, Albanian Letters: Nationalism, Independence and the Albanian League, edited by Bejtullah Destani and Jason Tomes, 1-224. London: I. B. Tauris, 2017. Evans, James. Great Britain and the Creation of Yugoslavia: Negotiating Balkan Nationality and Identity. London: LB. Tauris, 2008. Eyck, Erich, and Bernard Miall. Gladstone. London: Routledge, 1966. Falaschi, Renzo. The Memoirs of Ismail Kemal Vlora and His Work for the Independence of Albania - with Historical Notes and Supplements. Tirana: Toena, 1997. Faveyrial, Jean Claud. Historia e Shqipërisë. Tirana: Plejad, 2004. Fawcett, Edmund. Liberalism: The Life of an Idea. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2014. Fetiu, Muharrem. Komiteti i Stambollit. Prishtinë: SAS, 2017. Finlay, George. History of the Greek Revolution, Vol. 1. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. Fitzherbert, Margaret. The Man Who Was Greenmantle - A Biography ofAubrey Herbert. London: John Murray, 1983.
Foreign Office Handbook, Historical Section No. 17 Albania. London: Foreign Office, 1920. Frashëri, Kristo. The History ofAlbania - A Brief Survey. Tirana: Naim Frashëri, 1964. Frashëri, Sami. Shqipëria - Ç’ka Qënë, ç'éshtë E ç’do Të Bëhetë. Tiranë: Mësonjëtorja e Parë, 1999. Frashëri, Sami. Personalitetet Shqiptare në Kâmùs Al-a 'lâm. Shkup: Logos - A, 2002. Gawrych, George. The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913. London: I.B. Tauris 2006. Gephardt, Katarina. The Idea of Europe in British Travel Narratives, 1789-1914. New York: Routledge, 2016. Gillard, David, ed., British Documents on Foreign Affairs - Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1, Series B, vol. 19, The Ottoman Empire: Nationalism and Revolution 1885-1908. Washington: University Publications of America, 1985. Gillard, David, ed., British Documents in Foreign Affairs, vol. 20 - The Ottoman Empire under the Young Turks 19081914. Washington: University Publications of America, 1985. Gladstone, William Ewart. Juventus Mundi: The Gods and Men of the Heroic Age. London: Macmillan, 1869. Gladstone, William Ewart. Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. New York: Lovell, Adam, Wesson Company, 1876. Goldsworthy, Vesna. Inventing Ruritania - the Imperialism of the Imagination. London: Hurst, 2013. Gooch, George Peabody. History ofModern Europe 1878-1919. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1925.
Selected Bibliography 197 Gooch, George Peabody, and Harold Temperly, eds., British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1909·, V. 5, The Near East: The Macedonian Problem and Annexation of Bosnia. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928. Grey, Edward. Twenty Five Years 1892-1916, Vol. 1 and 2. New York: Frederik A. Stokes Co., 1925. Guibernau, Montserrat. The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010. Guy, Nicholas. The Birth ofAlbania: Ethnic Nationalism, the Great Powers of World War I and the Emergence of the Albanian Independence. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012. Gwynn, Stephen, and Gertrude Tuckwell. The Life of the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles TV Dilke. London: John Murray, 1917. Hadzivasiljevic, Jovan. Arbanaska Liga Arnautska Kongra i Srpski Narod и Turskom Carstvul878-1882. Beograd: Ratnik, 1909. Hall, Catherine, Keith McClelland, Nick Draper, Kate Donnington, and Rachel Lang. Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Hall, Derek. Albania and the Albanians. London: Pinter, 1994. Hall, Derek. The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge, 2000. Hall, Richard C., ed., War in the Balkans: An Encyclopaedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia. Oxford: ABCCLIO, 2014. Halleck, Friz Greene, ed., The Works ofLord Byron in Verse and Prose. Hartford: Silas Andrus Son, 1840. Hamiti, Abdullah. Nezim Frakulla Dhe Divani i Tij Shqip. Shkup: Logos A, 2008. Hammond,
Andrew. The Debated Lands: British and American Representations of the Balkans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2007. Hammond, Andrew. British Literature and the Balkans: Themes and Contexts. London: Rodopi, 2010. Hanioglu, Çükrü. The Young Turks in Opposition. Oxford University Press, 1995. Hanioglu, Çükrü. Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Heaton Armstrong, Duncan. The Six Month Kingdom. London: I. B. Tauris Centre for Albanian Studies, 2005. Heller, Joseph. British Policy towards the Ottoman Empire 1908-1914. London: Frank Cass, 1983. Helmreich, Ernst Christian. The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars 1912-1913. New York: Russell Russell, 1969. Herbert, Aubrey. Mons, Anzac and Kut - A British Intelligence Officer in Three Theatres of the First World War, 1914-18. London: Leonaur, 2010. Herbert, Aubrey. Ben Kendim: A Record of Eastern Travel. London: Hutchinson, 1924. Herbert, Aubrey. ‘Diary’. In Albania’s Greatest Friend: Aubrey Herbert and the Making ofModern Albania - Diaries and Papers 1904-1923, edited by Bejtullah Destani and Jason Tomes, 90-5. London: I. B. Tauris, 2011. Hinsley, Francis Harry, ed., British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Hobhouse, John. A Journey through Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia to Constantinople during the Years 1809 and 1810. London: James Cawthorn, 1813.
198 Selected Bibliography Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Hodge, Carl Cavanagh, ed., Encyclopaedia of the Age ofImperialism 1800-1914, Vol. 1. London: Greenwood Press, 2008. Holland, Henry. Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, etc. during the Years 1812-1813. London: Hurst, 1815. Holland, Robert, and Diana Markides. The British and the Hellenes: Struggle for Mastery in the Eastern Mediterranean 1850-1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Hosaflook, David, ed., Albania and the Albanians in the Annual Reports of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1805-1955. Tirana: Institute for Albanian and Protestant Studies, 2017. Hosaflook, David, ed., Lëvizja Protestante te Shqiptarët 1816-1908. Shkup: ITSHKSH, 2019. Hroch, Miroslav. European Nations: Explaining Their Formation. London: Verso, 2015. Hughes, Smart. Travels in Sicily, Greece and Albania. London: Mawman, 1820. Iley, Mathew. The Life, Writings, Opinions, and Times of the Right Hon George Gordon Noel Byron, Lord Byron, vol. 1 of 3. London: Μ. Iley, 1825. Imami, Pétrit. Srbi i Albanci Kroz Vekove. Beograd: FreeB92,1999. Ismajli, Rexhep. Tekste të vjetra. Pejë: Dukagjini, 2000. Jackh, Ernest. The Rising Crescent - Turkey Yesterday Today and Tomorrow. New York: Farrar Reinhart, 1944. Jelavich, Barbara. History of the Balkans - Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Jelavich, Barbara, and Charles Jelavich. The Establishment of the Balkan National States: 1804-1920. Seattle: University of
Washington Press, 2000. Johnson, Lonnie. Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbours, Friends. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Jolliffe, Thomas Robert. From Corfu to Smyrna through Albania and the North of Greece. London: Black, Young and Young, 1827. Jones, L. E. An Edwardian Youth. London: Macmillan, 1956. Judah, Tim. The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Kemal, Ismail. The Memoirs. London: Constable, 1920. Kesley, D. Μ. Life and Public Services of Hon, W Μ. E. Gladstone. Philadelphia: National Publishing Co., 1898. Kieser, Hans Lukas. Turkey beyond Nationalism: Towards Post-Nationalist Identities. London: LB. Tauris, 2006. Kiossev, Alexander. ‘The Dark Intimacy’. In Balkan as Metaphor - Between Globalization and Fragmentation, edited by DuSan Bjelii and Obrad Savic, 165-86. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2005. Kirmizi, Abdulhamit. Ferid Pashë Vlora - njëjetë shtet. Shkup: Logos A, 2018. Knight, Fredrik Edward. Albania: A Narrative of Recent Travel. London: Simpson Low, Marston, Searle Rivington, 1880. Kondis, Basil. Greece and Albania, 1908-1914. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 1976. Kostovicova, Denisa. Kosovo: The Politics ofIdentity and Space. London: Routledge, 2005. Kovié, Milos. Disraeli and the Eastern Question. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Krivokapic, Marija, and Neil Diamond. Images of Montenegro in Anglo-American Creative Writing and Film. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.
Selected Bibliography 199 Kuneralp, Sinan, and Gül Tokay, eds., Ottoman Diplomatic Documents on the Origins of World War One - Macedonian Issue 1879-1912 Vol. IL Istanbul: Isis Press, 2011. Kyrias, Parashkevi. The Schoolfor Girls Kortcha. Chicago: Women’s Board of Missions of the Interior, 1913. Lake, Marilyn, and Henry Reynolds. Critical Perspectives on Empire: Drawing the Global Colour Line. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Lear, Edward. Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania. London: Richard Bentley, 1851. Ledbetter, Kathryn. Tennyson and Victorian Periodicals: Commodities in Context. London: Rutledge, 2016. Lichnowsky, Karl Marx. My Mission to London. London: Cassell, 1918. Livanios, Dimitris. The Macedonian Question - Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Lloshi, Xhevat. Përkthimi i И Meksit dhe Redaktimi i G. Gjirokastritit 1819-1827. Tirana: Onufri, 2012. Lopiiic, Vesna, and Biljana MiJic - Ilié, eds., Values across Cultures and Times. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. Lowe, Cedric James, and Μ. L. Dockrill. The Mirage of Power - British Foreign Policy 1902-1914. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. Macfie, Alexander Lyon. The End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1923. London: Routledge, 2013. Mackenzie, Muir Georgina, and Adelina Paulina Irby. Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe Vol. 1 and 2. London: Daldy, Isbister Co, 1866. Mackenzie, Muir Georgina, and Adelina Paulina Irby. Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey in Europe. London: Daldy, Isbister Co., 1877.
Mackridge, Peter. Language and National Identity in Greece, 1766-1976. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. London: Macmillan, 1998. Malcolm, Noel. Agents of Empire - Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the SixteenthCentury Mediterranean World. London: Penguin, 2015. Malcolm, Noel. Useful Enemies - Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the Western Political Thought, 1450-1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Malcolm, Noel. Rebels, Believers, Survivors - Studies in the History of the Albanians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Mango, Andrew. Atatürk - The Biography of the Founder ofModern Turkey. New York: The Overlook Press, 2002. Marchand, Leslie, ed., Lord Byron: Selected Letters and Journals. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982. Mathew, Henry Colin Grey. Gladstone 1809-1898. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Mazower, Mark. The Balkans - From the End of Byzantium to the Present Day. London: Phoenix, 2001. Mazower, Mark. Salonica - City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950. London: Harper Perennial, 2005. Mazurkiewicz, Anna, ed., East Central Europe in Exile Volume 1. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. McCarthy, Justin. Death and Exile: Ethnic Cleansing of the Ottoman Muslims 1821-1922. Princeton: New Jersey, 1995. McCarthy, Justin. The Ottoman Peoples and the End of the Empire. London: Arnold, 2001. Medlicott, William. The Congress of Berlin and After: A Diplomatic History of the Near East Settlement, 1878-1880. London: Frank Cass Co. Ltd, 1963.
200 Selected Bibliography Michail, Eugene. The British and the Balkans - Forming Images of Foreign Lands 1900-1950. London: Bloomsbury, 2011. Mikic, Borde. Izvestaji Austrougarskih Konzula izPrizrena, Mitrovice i Skoplja о Prilikama na Kosovu и Prvim Mesecima Ustavnosti и Turskoj, Avgust-Decembar 1908. Prishtinë: Vjetari I Arkivit të Kosovës, 1975. Miller, William. The Macedonian Claimants. London: The Contemporary Review, 1903. Miller, William. The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors 1801-1927. New York: Routledge, 2012. Mishkova, Diana, ed., We the People - Politics ofNational Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2009. Moneypenny, William. The Life ofBenjamin Disraeli Earl of Beaconsfield, Vol. I. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910. Moore, Thomas. Life, Letters, and Journals ofLord Byron. London: John Murray, 1839. Moore, Thomas. Life ofLord Byron, Vol. I. (of VI.) with His Letters and Journals. London: Murray, 1854. Morley, John. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 1878-1898, Vol. II, 1878-1898. New York: Macmillan, 1907. Morley, John. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1:1809-1859. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Morrison, Kenneth, and Elizabeth Roberts. The Sandzak: A History. London: Hurst, 2013. Morritt, John, and G. E. Marindin. The Letters ofJohn B. S. Morritt ofRokeby: Descriptive ofJourneys in Europe and Asia Minor in the Years 1794-1796. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914. Motyl, Alexander J. Encyclopaedia ofNationalism - Leaders, Movements, and Concepts, Vol. 2. London: Academic Press,
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202 Selected Bibliography Tierney, Stephen. Accommodating National Identity: New Approaches in International and Domestic Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000. Todorova, Maria. Imagining the Balkan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Toynbee, Arnold. The Western Question in Greece and Turkey. London: Constable, 1922. Urquhart, David. The Spirit of the East, Vol. 1. London: Henry Colburn, 1830. Verli, Marenglen. Shqiptarët ne Optiken e Diplomacisë Austro-Hungareze 1877-1918. Tiranë: KLEAN, 2014. Wace, Alan, and Maurice Thompson. Nomads of the Balkans. London: Methuen, 1914. Wallace, Lillian Parker, and William Askew, eds„ Power, Public Opinion, and Diplomacy. Cambridge: Duke University Press, 1959. Walsh, Robert. Narrative of a Journeyfrom Constantinople to England. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea Carey, 1828. Wheeler, Mark. ‘Not So Black As Its Painted - The Balkan Political Heritage’. In The Changing Shape of the Balkans, edited by Francis Carter and Harry Norris, 3-13. London: UCL Press, 1996. Woods, Charles. The Danger Zone of Europe. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1911. Woodhouse, C. Montague. The Philhellenes. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969. Youngs, Tim, ed., Travel Writing in the Nineteenth Century: Filling the Blank Spaces. London: Anthem Press, 2006. Zacharia, Katerina, ed., Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicityfrom Antiquity to Modernity. Aidershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. Zefi, Frok. Mikel Summa - Arqipeshkëvi i Shkupit 1695-1777. Zagreb: Unija Zajednica Albanaca u Republic! Hrvatskoj, 2003. Zekolli, Shefqet. Veprimtaria e Hasan Prishtinës -
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204 Selected Bibliography (May 2011): 35-41. http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_ content/download/ac: 131865/CONTENT/. Skendi, Stavro. ‘Language as a Factor of National Identity in the Balkans of the Nineteenth Century’. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 119, no. 2 (April 1975): 186-9. http://www.jstor.org/stable/986634. Sohrabi, Nadir. ‘Reluctant Nationalists, Imperial Nation-State, and Neo-Ottomanism: Turks, Albanians, and the Antinomies of the End of Empire’. Social Science History 42, no. 4 (March 2018): 835-70. https://doi.Org/10.1017/ssh.2018.4; https://www. cambridge.org/core. Tokay, Ahsene Gül. ‘Macedonian Reforms and Muslim Opposition during the Hamidian Era: 1878-1908’. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 14, no. 1 (July 2003): 51-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596410305258. Website or Webpage Articles Balliol College Archives Manuscripts. ‘His Majesty’s Appointment of J. P. Morrier: Papers of the Morier Family’. Accessed 28 March 2022. http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/ Modern%20Papers/Morier%20family/morierfam-biog.asp. BBC. ‘Letters and Journals of Lord Byron’. Accessed 30 April 2022. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ programmes/b00xmx42. Berkowitz, Michael. ‘Moses Gaster’. Accessed 23 August 2022. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ library/specialcollections/mosesgaster. Cambridge Library Collection. ‘The London Greek Committee’. Accessed 11 December 2021. https://cambridgelibrarycollection,wordpress.com/2014/08/21/thelondongreekcommittee/. Crampton, Richard. ‘Balkans’Britannica’. Accessed 15 March 2022. http://www.britannica.
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Index Abbott, George Frederick 81-82,176,179, 203 Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 38,97-98,114, 152 Abdullah Pasha Dreni 39 Adriatic 7,11,34,40,55,101,109,117118,131,133,145-146, 154, 157, 159 Akçura, Jusuf 93 Albanian Committee 5,29,47,137, 140-144,147-149,151,156,160-161, 184,186-187 Albanian Independence 23,49, 53,65, 117-118,131 Albanian language 2,9,15,34,65,76,82, 84-85, 87-92,129 Albanian League (League of Prizren) 2, 4,24, 29-30, 33-34, 37-43,45,48, 89, 158 Albanian nationalism 2-3,14,16,45, 57, 61,64-66,73, 81, 85-86, 90,92-94, 99, 103,112,115,146,147,157-159 Albanian Nationality 2,4-5, 32-37,55,65, 93,112-113,123,128,131,134,139, 141-143,147,156,158-160 Albanian National Renaissance 33 Albanian Question 3,4, 20-21, 24-25, 27, 29-31, 37-39,42-44,47-51, 54, 57, 61, 63,68-69,77, 81-82, 96,101-103, 105, 108-120,125-126,141-144,153, 157-159,168,170,187,195 Ali, Amir 151 Ali, Mohamed 151 Ali Pasha Gucia 38,39 Ali Pasha (Tepelena) 11-20, 22-23,25,30, 33, 38-39,86 All India Muslim League 151 American Protestant Mission 91 Anatolia 39 Antivari 27, 31, 37 Apis, Colonel 102 Argyll, Duke 24 Asquith, Herbert 59,82,119-120,145, 150 Athens 2, 9, 58,137,155 Attica, 9,12 Austria-Hungary 11,24, 30-31, 33, 41-42,44, 51-56, 61, 63-64, 75,78-79, 85,101-102,105-106,108-109, 111, 115,122,125-127,130-132,146,155, 159 Autonomy 4,29, 31-32, 36,45, 50, 51-52, 54, 57-58, 63, 65, 68, 71, 82, 92, 94-95, 98,101-104,106,110-119,124,126, 128-142,156-158 Aziz Pasha Vrioni 110 Balfour 63 Balkan (Balkans) 1-5,7-13,18-19,21-25, 31-34, 36-38,42,44-45,47-48, 59, 63-68, 77, 79, 82, 85-87, 98-99,102,
105,107-108,111-112,114-125, 130-132,139,141-149,154-160 Balkan Committee 48-49, 51-58, 61-63, 104, 123-124,131, 134, 138, 140, 142, 156,158,160 Balkan League 103,109,120,127,130,135 Balkan Wars 4-5,10, 57-59,116-120, 127-134, 138, 140, 145-147, 157, 159 Balkanism 9-10, 23 Bardhi, Frang 91 Bashkimi Club 97 Bathurst, Earl 23 Bax-Ironside 111 Belgrade 2, 49, 58, 62,79,102,108, 116-117, 122,127,145, 148 Berchtold, Leopold 113,118 Berlin Congress 122 Bible 87, 88,124 Bismarck, Otto von (Prince) 7, 30-31, 33, 35-36,41-42 Black Hand 102,116 Boçari, Marko (Marco Botzaris) 16
206 Bogdani, Pjetër 83-84, 92 Boletini, Isa 69, 70, 75, 94, 99,102, 112-114,140 Bonaparte, Lucien 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina 7, 23, 31, 58, 79, 149 Boyle, Edward 126,130,184 Brailsford, Henry 51-53,57-58,123,131, 133 Bright, John 24 Britain 1, 3, 4, 7, 10-12, 14-17, 21, 23-24, 30, 32-34, 38, 40, 43-44, 48-53, 55, 58, 61-64, 67-68, 77-81, 87, 104, 106, 108, 110, 113, 119, 122-126, 128, 132, 137,139, 141-144, 150, 152-153, 155-157 British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBC) 87,124 Brochart 83 Bucharest 7, 55,117-118 Budakova, Hasan 94 Budapest Convention 30 Bulgaria (Bulgarians) 7,18, 23-25, 28, 30-31, 37, 44,47-48, 52-54, 56-58, 62, 67, 78, 80, 82,85, 92, 94-95, 103, 107, 111,114-117,123, 140,142 Burney, Vice Admiral 132-133,153 Bustani, Suleiman 104 Buzuku, Gjon 83 Buxton, Charles 52 Buxton, Noel 51-53, 57, 63 Byron, Lord 7, 10, 12-20, 22, 24-25, 32, 52-53, 133, 149, 156 Byzantine 8 Callamas 40 Calvert, Edmund, 28 Çamëria 154 Canterbury, Archbishop 51 Carnarvon 137,150 Carnegie Report 132 Cartwright, Fairfax 98,107-108 Catholics 23,27, 31, 33,41,45, 84-85, 109,118,130 Cemal, Ahmet 94 Cetinje 109,121,124,129,132 Childe Harrold 15 Churchill, Winston 120,145 Index Clark, Christopher 145,148 Cockerell, Charles 17 Connaught, Prince Arthur 150 Conference of Ambassadors 4,42, 128, 133,141, 145,149, 155,157 Congress of Manastir 92-93, 95,100 Conservative Party 3, 34 Constantinople 7-8,17,19, 27-30, 34-38, 41-45, 48, 61-65, 67-70, 74-78, 80-82, 89-90, 96-98, 102-103, 105-106, 108, 110-114, 119,138-140, 144, 152 Cooper, Harry 27 Corfu 10-11, 19,21,33,47,87 Corti, Count 31,41 Cowen,
Joseph 35-37 Crackenthorpe, Dayrell 137 Crete 24, 55, 78,138 Crispi, Francesco 31 Croatia 7,11,24, 27,137 Cullen 28 Cunningham 133 CUP, also Committee for Union and Progress 72, 80, 92, 94-97, 99, 103 Curri, Bajram 70, 75,112-113,117 Dahmad Mahmud Pasha 71 Dakin, Douglas 16 Dalmatia 137 Danilo, Prince 129 Dardania 8, 24, 66 Darwin, Charles 24, 93 De Bunsen 127-128 De Giorgis, General 54 Demir Hisar 54 De Rada, Jeronim 55 Dervish Pasha 43, 89, 90 Dibra28, 81,147 Dilke, Charles 34-36, 38,41 Dino, Rashid Bey 143 Diocletian 8 Disraeli, Benjamin 3-4,18-23, 25,27, 30-31, 33-34, 37-38, 40-42, 44, 53, 59, 141, 158,160 Draga, Nexhip 75, 93, 117 Drummond, Henry 35 Drury, Henry 12
Index Dubrovnik 24 Durham, Edith 1,5,44, 51-54, 56, 62, 64, 80, 82, 88, 94,105,107,109,121-135, 138, 141, 150,160 Dürres 83, 118,126,131,133,147 Eastern Question 4,21, 32, 35, 37-38,40, 42, 101,107,122 Edinburgh 38 Ellis, William 121 Engjëlli, Pal 83 England 21, 36, 40-41, 62,78,80,111, 121-122,128, 130,144-145,147, 149, 153 Enver Bey 72-73, 76,81, 95 Emin Bey 48 Epirus 13, 22, 31, 33,40,42-44,87,138, 154-155 Esat Pasha Toptani 94,110 Ethem Pasha 67 European Powers 11, 34-35, 37-38,48, 52, 61,64, 66,101-102,108, HO, 118, 124,158 Evans, Arthur 24, 51 Exarchate 48 Fairholme, Colonel 54 Fehmi, Hasan 96 Ferdinand, Franz 130,133-134,155 Ferid Pasha 69,76 Ferizaj 72, 75-76, 98-99 Feroz, Ahmad 80 Fishta, Gjergj 91 Fitzmaurice, Lord 35, 38,42,44-45, 77, 79-82,119 Foreign Office 35, 39,45,52, 58-59, 62, 72, 74,78-82,105-109,111,124-128, 133, 140, 143,145,151,154-155 Frakulla, Nezim 84 France 11,36,40-42,79,83,88,106,114,122 Frashëri, Abdyl 29, 34, 36, 39,43 Frashëri, Naim 90 Frashëri, Sami 65-66,68, 88-93 Fremantle, Admiral 104-105 Fuad, Prince 151 Galip Bey 74-75 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 101,121,128,149 207 Garibaldi, Ricciotti 101-102 Gaster, Moses 141-143 Gawrych, George 2, 65 Gegë 88, 91 Gennadius 36 Germany 30-31, 41-42, 61,72, 77, 79, 106,119,127,146,155 Gjakova 39 Gjakova, Riza Bey 112-114 Gjilani 116 Gjirokastra 154 Gjoka, Prenk 48 Gladstone, Herbert 51 Gladstone, William 3-4, 21-25, 27, 35, 37-38, 41-44,48-49, 51, 53, 56, 58, 62,68,77, 120,128, 130, 137, 145, 156, 158 Gocevac, Milorad 62 Goetze, Sigmund 59 Goschen, Lord 35-36, 38, 41-42, 44-45, 108,146 Gothic 17-21 Graves,
Richard 73 Granville, Earl 35-36,41 Greece 4, 7-9,11-16, 20-21, 31, 33-36, 38,40,42-44, 48, 52, 56-58,62,64,67, 73, 78, 86, 88, 97-98, 102-103,107, 114-115,130,138-139, 146,148-149, 154, 158 Greek Committee 16, 53 Greene, Kirby 28, 30, 39,44-45 Grey, Edward 55, 58-59, 61, 63-64, 78-82, 98,104-106, 109, 111-114, 120,126-128,143, 145-150, 152-156, 160 Grujic 112-113 Gruda 41-42 Gucia 39-41 Guildford, Earl 17 Gurakuqi, Luigj 104 Hairi Pasha 73 Halil Bey 73 Hamilton, William 11 Hammond, Andrew 10 Harcourt, William 24 Hawkins, John 11 Hayredin Bey, 69
208 Heaton-Armstrong, Duncan 152 Herbert, Aubrey 5,24,51-53, 56, 59,62, 81,119,133,137-156,160 Herbert, Henry 137 Hima, Dervish 71, 94 Hobhouse, John 12,14-15,17-18, 32 Hobsbawm, Eric 86 Holland, Henry 13,15,17, 36 Hoti 41-42 Hughes, Thomas 9,22-23 Ilaz Pasha Dibra 29 Ilinden Uprising 49-50, 55,63 Illyria 11,13,24,66, 83, 86, 88,91 Illyricum 12-13, 87 India 4, 37, 67,78,108,127,145,151,154, 157,159 Ippen, Theodor Anton 90 Irby, Adelina Paulina 23 Ireland 37, 50,137 Ishtip 54 Islam (Islamic) 3, 8-10,14,23,25, 56-57, 82,84, 93 Istanbul Society 89 Italy 11,16, 31, 33, 36,41, 55, 57, 83, 85, 87, 98,101,105-106, 108-109, 115, 117-118,121-122, 125,146,155 Ivanaj, Nikollë 101-102 Izvolski, Count 81 Janina 4,11,13-17,19-20,25, 29, 33-35, 38-41,43-44,51,92,110,160 Jews 62-63,141-142,144,154,160 Judge, Mark H. 141-142 Kabashi, Rrustem 94 Karatheodory Pasha 30-31 Kastrati, Jup 71 Kazazi, Gjon Nikollë 83 Kemal, Ismail, also Ismail Qemali or Ismail Bey 63, 67-69, 71-72, 76,8081, 92, 96-97,102,104-105,110-112, 117-118, 133, 143,148, 150 Kemal, Mustafa 73 Kërçova (Kiëevo) 54 King Alexandar 122 King Edward 61, 64 Index Kolonja, Shahin 92 Komiteti Qendror i Shqipërisë (Central Committee of Albania) 102 Konitza, Faik 49,143 Kopitar, Bartolomeo 87 Korais, Adamantios 86 Korça54, 83,90 Kosovo 2,4,7,10,14,23-24,28-29,32-33, 35, 38,43,45, 50-51, 54,56,58-59, 63-64,67,69-76, 79,81,84,89,94, 97-99,102-13,109-113,116-118,120, 126-127,130,132,138-139,147,160 Kristoforidhi, Konstantin 88 Kruievo 50, 54 Kukeli, Kyazim 137 Kumanovo 54,117 Kyoprolu HO Labour Party 51 Lamb, Harry 95-97,126-128,133, 152,
154-155 Lamington, Lord 141 Lansdowne 55,64 Latin Alphabet 81,84-85,92,98,103 Layard, Henry 27-28, 30, 34,38,41,44 Leake, William Martin 11-12,17,88 Lear, Edward 13,18 Leybourne, G. W. 47-48 Liberal (Liberalism) 3-5,17,21-22-25, 28, 32, 34-35, 37-38, 40-42,44,47, 49-57, 59, 62,67-68, 70,77,79,83-84, 96-97,120-125,128-130,134-135, 137-143,145-146,148-149,151,153, 155-156,158-160 Libohova, Mufid 93,95,110 Libya 68,101,108,115 Lichnovsky, Prince 146 Lipich 45 Lloyd George, David 148,153 London 4,15-16,28, 30, 33-36, 39,44-45, 47,49, 58, 63, 65, 70, 77-78, 80-81, 104-105,110-112, 119-121, 124-125, 127-128, 132-134,137,141, 143-149, 151-154,157,159-160 London Greek Committee 16 Lowther, Gerald 61,78, 80-82,106-108, 111-113,119 Lyons, Lord 40
Index 209 Macedonia (Macedonian) 1, 3, 5,7,12-14, 24, 35,43,47-52, 54-59,61-82, 84, 92, 94-95, 98-99,102-104,107,109, 111-118,120, 122-124,126-127,133, 138, 140-142,158-159 Macedonian Relief Committee 123 Mahmud V 97 Mahmud Shevket Pasha 97 Maitland, Thomas 23 Malcolm, Noel 2, 8,10 Manastir 4,14,19,28, 50-51, 54-56, 64, 67-68, 70, 72-76, 82, 88,91-95, 97, 112,114,117,124,126-127 Manchester Guardian 24-25,43,126, 128 Mansuell 82 Mazower, Mark 115 Mehmet Ali Pasha (Ali Pashë Maxharri) 30, 38-39 Mehmet Pasha Bushati 19 Meshari 83 Milovanovié 107-108 Mirdita 31 Mitrovica 32, 56, 69-70, 75,138 Mohamed, Ali Duse 151 Montenegro 7, 13-14,18, 23,25,27-28, 31, 33-45, 59,67, 79, 83,101-105, 111, 114, 116, 121-122,126-130,132, 144, 146-148,158 Morica 55 Morley, John 21, 82 Morrier, Phillip 11 Morrit, John 7, 9 Mufid Bey Libohova 95 Muslims 14, 22-25,27-28, 32,41,45, 52, 54, 56, 66, 72,78, 84-85, 88, 94,118, 127, 130,140-145,154,160 Mürzsteg Agreement 54, 56, 61 Musurush Pasha 47 Nikola, King 126,131-132 Noga, Filip 143,148 Novi Pazar 14, 32, 56, 70, 79,139 Naço, Nikolla 71 Napoleonic Wars 11,17 Nazim Pasha 115 Neratow 106 Nevinson, Henry 51, 57,107,109 Nicholson, Harold 51 Nightingale, Florence 23 Nijazi Bey 73-74,76,95,97-98 Radenkovic, Bogdan 98 Resna 54, 73 Reval Agreement 159,161, 74 Rifat Pasha 27 Rilindja 33, 83, 85, 87-88, 90-91 Riza, Ahmed 92, 95-96 Riza Tewfik Bey 138 Rome 31, 34, 55,83,106,109 Onslow, Lord 113,127 Orthodox 8, 9, 14, 52, 55, 62, 66, 84-85, 87-89, 91, 96, 103, 118, 127, 130, 151 Ottoman Parliament 34,76, 80, 92-93, 95-96, 104-105,110,138,159 Ottoman Union
Society 70 Paget, Arthur 17,141 Parga 11,22-23 Paris Peace Conference 14 Pasic, Nikola 102,127 Patriarchate 48, 98 Peja (Ipek) 69,147 Pelasgians 22, 66 Phillips, Thomas 15 Phillips, General 133,150,152-153,155 Piccolomini, Enea 84 Plava 39-41 Podgorica (Podgoritza) 101 Prespa 54 Preveza 15,40 Princip, Gavrilo 116 Prishtina 27-28,113 Prishtina, Hasan 93,106,110-112,114, 117,152 Prizren 29, 33, 39,43-45, 89-90, 98, 110, 147 Protestant 91,151 Psykharis, Ioannis 86 Qiriazi, Gjergj 82 Qiriazi, Sevasti 90 Queen Draga Obrenoviô 49,122 Queen Victoria 150
210 Rostkovski, Arkadievich 70 Rumania 7,18, 67, 71,151 Rumelia 7-8, 56 Russia (Russians) И, 16-17, 20, 27-28, 30-31, 36-37, 40, 42-45, 48, 51, 54-56, 61-62, 64, 67, 69-70, 74, 78-81,103,106, 111, 114,119,122, 132,141,144,146-147,151,156-157, 159-160 Russell, Lord 23-24 Russo-Japanese War 62 Russo-Turkish War 25,157 Ryder, C. F. 141,143-144 Sabahudin, Prince 71-72 Sabri, Ejup 73 Sadik Pasha 30, 74 Sadullah Bey 30 Said, Edward 8 Salis, John de 127-128 Salisbury, Marquees 28, 30-31, 34-35, 41, 47-48 Sandes, Flora 10 Sanjak 14, 32, 70, 79,107,139,147 San Stefano 27-30 Sarajevo 128,133,155 Scutari, see also Shkodra 13,61,121,129,132 Scerbin, Grigorije Stepanovii 70 Seferi, Idriz 99 Serbia (Serbian, Serbs) 7,10,14,18,23-24, 27-28, 37-38,43-45,49,51-54, 56, 5859,62, 64, 67, 69, 73,75,79-80,83, 98, 102-103,107-118,122-123,127-128, 130-132,134,140,145-149,154 Seton-Watson, R. W. 50, 52, 57-59,123, 127,131,134,137,149 Shaw, George Bernard 50 Shemsi Pasha 69,70, 74 Shen Gjin 131,147 Shkolla e Vashave (School for Girls) 90 Shllaku, Hasan 94 Shoqëria e Zezë për Shpëtim (Black Society for Salvation) 117 Shtime 51 Skouloudis 36 Skanderbeg 19,47,86-87,91,93,152 Skendi, Stavro 2 Skene, Henry 14 Index Shkodra 4,13-14, 31, 33, 39,43-44, 47-48, 51, 61-62, 65, 68, 82, 89-90, 94,99,109-110,112,116,121,124, 126-127,129, 132-133,141, 146-147, 149-153,155 Skopje 43,54,62, 74-75,83,98,103,106, 110,113-114,116-117,119 Slavs 2,23-24, 30, 36,43, 53, 62-63, 66, 85,87,114,131,137,140 Smyrna 42 Sofia 89,102,111,114,115 Spencer, Herbert 24 Steed, Henry Wickham 134 St. John 44-45 Stranieri 95 Symonds,
Arthur 140 Syreja Bey Vlora 67,110 Taksim 110,114,117,119 Tanzimat 65,93 Taylor, A. J. P. 52-53,124 Tefik Pasha 69 Temo, Ibrahim 49,70-71,94 Tennyson, Alfred 24-25 Thallôczy, Lajos 90 Thessaly 13,31,40,42 The Times 7,24, 52,81,104, 111, 126,134, 140,142 Thompson, Lady 52 Todorova, Maria 8-10 Topulli, Bajo 73 Topulli, Çerçiz 76 Toskë 88,91 Toynbee, Arnold 51,58 Treaty of Berlin 30, 37-38,41-42, 51, 55, 79,116,122-123,158 Treaty of Paris 23 Troubridge, Admiral 133 Turhan Pasha 69 Turkey 7-8,11, 23, 28, 32, 35,42, 57, 62, 77-78,107-108,115-116,119-120, 138-139 Turkism 3, 66, 92-93, 95,99,159 Tuzi129-130 Tyrell, William 77 Ulqin 35,41-43,45, 79 Urquhart, David 20-21
Index Vaso, Pasha 65,88,90 Vienna 12, 31, 36,49, 55, 63, 79, 87, 90, 98,106-109,113,115,117-118,125, 127,130-131,134,146,151 Vlora40,68,71, HO, 118,126,133, 137 Vrioni, Mehmet 34 Walsh, Robert 7 Waring, L. F. 58 Weardale, Lord 104-105 West, Rebecca 134 Wied (Prince Wied) 151-153,155 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 211 Woodhouse 14,17 Woodville, Richard 43,73 Yastrebov 45 Young Turks 3,49,61,70-78, 80-82, 85, 90,92-99,102-105,114,119,125,128, 138,159 Yugoslavia 4,7,127,134 Zavalani, Fehim 73,82 Zichy, Count Ferenc 27 Zizek, Slavoj 9,10 Zographos, Christakis 154 |
| adam_txt |
Contents 1 Introduction 1 Albania - a travellers writers’ discovery 2 The Congress of Berlin and the Albanian Question between policies of Disraeli and Gladstone 1876-81 7 27 3 Impact of the British Liberalism on Albanian Question 47 4 Albanian Nationalism and Macedonian Question 61 5 Against the Young Turks, 1908-10 77 6 From autonomy to independence 101 7 The Balkans for the Balkan people 121 8 Refuting Gladstonian liberalism 137 Conclusion 157 Appendix 161 Notes 162 Selected Bibliography 190 Index 205
Selected Bibliography Primary sources The National Archives: Public Record Office (PRO), Kew, London Cabinet Papers CAB, 37/95 - Cabinet Prints, South-Eastern Europe, September to October 1908, Nr. 118 CAB, 37/99 - Cabinet Prints, South-Eastern Europe, March to May 1909, Nr. 62,68,71, 72,73 and 74 Foreign Office Correspondence FO, 78/3074-78/3074 - Layard and Goschen Drafts, General Correspondence before 1906, Ottoman Empire, Constantinople May to June 1880 FO, 78/4791 - Railways, Constantinople Correspondence 1892-1896 FO, 170/802 - Albania, Commission of Control, Valona 1914 FO, 195/2328 - Salonica 1909, His Britannic Majesty’s Consulate Correspondence FO, 195/2304 - Constantinople 1909, Military Attaché Correspondence FO, 195/2406 - Embassy and Consulates Correspondence, Albania 1912 FO, 195/2407 - Embassy and Consulates Correspondence, Albania 1912 FO, 371/123 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 371/149 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 371/151 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1906 FO, 421/287 - Correspondence, Affairs of Albania, October to December 1913 FO, 421/293 - Further Correspondence Part III, Affairs of Albania, April to June 1914 FO, 371/581 - Bands in Macedonia 1908, Case 6, Papers 106-8071 FO, 371/758 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/770 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/779 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1909 FO, 371/1003 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1910 FO, 371/1013 - Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1910 FO, 371/1231 -
Political, General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 FO, 371/1887 - Political 1914, Albania File 352 FO, 371/1893 - Albania, Balkan Committee, General Correspondence 1914 FO, 371/1895 - Albania, General Correspondence 1914 FO, 424/67 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXII, 1878 FO, 424/69 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXIV, 1878 FO, 424/70 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXV, 1878 FO, 424/74 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXIX, September 1878
Selected Bibliography 191 FO, 424/75 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXX, October 1878 FO, 424/80 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXXIV, February 1879 FO, 424/83 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part XXXVII, May 1879 FO, 424/101 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part LII, August 1880 FO, 424/128 - Affairs of Turkey, Kirby Green Correspondence, Part LXXII, Scutari 1883 FO, 424/129 - Confidential Print, Affairs of Turkey, Part LXXIV, 1883 FO, 424/136 - Confidential Print, Macedonia Correspondence, 1881-84 FO, 881/10422 - Confidential Print, Montenegro: Annual Report (Count de Salis), 1913 FO, 35611/14/11/44 - Gooch and Temperley, Vol. IX, the Balkan Wars WORK 12/290 - Mural Decorations: Goetze Frescoes British Library: Henry Layard, Memoirs, Add. 38,934, Section I Layard Papers, Add. MSS 39149 Nr. 505 Royal Anthropological Institute Archives, London RAI, MS 42:9 - Diaries of journeys, mainly to the Balkans 1900-36, note-books RAI, MS 43/1900-08 - Letters to the family, mainly to her mother and her sister Nelly Letters to WH. Nevinson. 1900-12 RAI, MS 46:16 - Some tribal origins, laws and customs in the Balkans, [1928], handwritten notes RAI, MS 51:3 - Political manuscripts RAI, MS 51:4 - Political manuscripts RAI, MS 53 - Newspaper cuttings: reviews of M.E. Durhams works, 1905-1909 RAI, MS 54:29 - Newspaper articles and notes from The Nation, etc. on different subjects, mainly by WH. Nevinson - Letters to the editor of The Nation, etc. RAI, MS 55 - Balkan politics: articles by various people, memoranda, abstracts, newspapers, letters
RAI, MS 57: 5 - Political correspondence. Various papers, ‘Sundry correspondence Albania, 1920’ Bafbakanhk Osmanlt Arpvi (The Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office) Istanbul HR. SFR 3 - 270 /1/ 53 - Mémoire HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/ 5 - The letter sent by G. W. Leybourn HR. SFR 3-315/3/6-7 - Communication between the Ottoman Foreign Ministry and Lord Salisbury, the British Foreign Secretary HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/ 7 - Communication between Lord Salisbury and the Ottoman Foreign Ministry HR. SFR 3 - 315/ 3/10-1 - Lord Salisbury’s letter to the Ottoman ambassador, Musurush Pasha HR. SYS. 00118/ 28 - Isa Boletinaz (Report) HR. SYS. 00135/5 - The Communication of the Ottoman Embassy HR. SFR 3 - 315, 3.5- Arnautluk, Annexe Au Nr. 851,683 HR. SYS. 140/ 9/ 1911/ 06/ 06/5 - Arnavutluk Ihtilali Komitesi Katibi ünvani verilen Dede ivanay (veya Nikola Ivanay) HR. SYS. 151/60 /2 /1912/ 07 /06 - Isa Bolatin’in Çetesine yeni iltihaklar oldugu ve Sirp halkmi kendisine celbetmeye çahçtigi - Communication between the Ottoman Legation in Belgrade with Ottoman Foreign Ministry
192 Selected Bibliography HR. SYS.00119/20 - Ottoman Diplomatic Communication HR. SYS. 37 /1911/ 07 /19 /3/ 148 - Jön Türklerin Katolik Arnavutlara ve Malisörlere YEE. 15/ 21/1318 /R/13/1 - Ismail Kemal Bey’in Arnavutluk ve Avrupadaki Arkivi i Shtetit Shqiptar (The Albanian State Archive) Tirana AQSH F19: D. 32/4, F. 149 - Letër e Faik Konicës dërguar Ibrahim Temos AQSH F. 19. D. 32/3, F. 432 - Letër e Ismail Qemalit dërguar Eduard Grejit AQSH, F.2, V.1911, D.73, N. 13 - Letërkëmbim i personaliteteve shqiptare me autoritetet britanike AQSH, F. 2,1912, D. 74/1; 73/3 - Dokumente të Pavarësisë AQSH, F. 12,1912, D. 12 - Letërkëmbim i personaliteteve shqiptare AQSH. F. 56, V. 1912, D. 26,61,65,96 - Dokumente të Pavarësisë Edward Boyle Collection, Leeds University Library, Brotherton Library - Special Collections MS 405/24 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS. 57/7 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 57:5 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/203 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/30 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/94 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/105 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/116 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/120 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence MS 405/154 - Edward Boyle and Edith Durham Correspondence University of Leeds Library, Special Collections, Durham, Vol. 1, Case M10 DUR NA, FO, 371/1228 - General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 NA, FO, 371/1231 - General Correspondence, Turkey 1911 NA, FO, 371/1481 -
General Correspondence, Turkey (War) 1912 Surrey History Centre Archives Lord Onslow Private Papers, Vol. 1 G 173/21 G 173/22 5537/7/78 Somerset Heritage Centre Archives DD/DRU 4/4 - Herbert Family Papers, Political and General Correspondence DD/DRU 4/6 - Herbert Family Papers, General Correspondence DD/DRU 4/10 - Papers relating to Albania DD/DRU 31 -Speeches and notes for speeches given by Aubrey Herbert, 1911-1923 DD/DRU 35 - Miscellaneous correspondence, 1896-1903 DD/DRU 41 - Speeches and notes for speeches given by Aubrey Herbert, 1911-1923 DD/DRU 43 - Miscellaneous Papers DD/DRU 47 - Correspondence of Μ. Edith Durham to Aubrey Herbert, Μ H, and Auberon II Herbert, 1914-1942 Arkivi i Kosovës (Kosovo Archive) Prishtina XXIV/K. 1 -1 -1913 - Govor Kralja Nikole Koleksioni i Aleksandar Bukviëit, viti 1902, Nr. 20
Selected Bibliography 193 Hansard Online Parga, House of Commons Debate, 29 June 1820 vol. 2 ccl06-16 https://api.parliament. uk/historic-hansard/commons/1820/jun/29/parga [accessed 3 June 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Protocol 13, House of Commons Debate, 17 April 1879 vol. 245 cc52571037 http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/apr/17/treaty-of-berlinprotocol-13-greece-and [accessed 9 June 2022] Congress of Berlin - Motion for an Address, House of Commons Debate, 22 July 1879, vol. 248 CC1027-90 http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1879/jul/22/ motion-for-an-address#S3V0248P0_18790722_HOC_126 [accessed 20 July 2022] The Treaty of Berlin - Execution of the Articles, House of Commons Debate, 18 June 1880, vol. 253 cc297-9299, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1880/ jun/18/the-treaty-of-berlin-execution-of-the [accessed 10 May 2022] Observations, House of Commons Debate, 2 September 1880, vol. 256 ccl 119-56 observations. (hansard, 2 September 1880) (parliament.uk) [accessed 11 August 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Eastern Affairs - The Principle of Nationalities, House of Commons Debate, 4 September 1880, vol. 256 ccl298-3281303 - 1305 observations, (hansard, 4 September 1880) (millbanksystems.com) [accessed 11 August 2022] The Treaty of Berlin, House of Commons Debate, 18 June 1880, vol. 253 cc297-9 the treaty of berlin - execution of the articles, (hansard, 18 June 1880) (millbanksystems. com) [accessed 15 August 2022] Treaty of Berlin - Eastern Affairs - The Principle of Nationalities, House of Commons Debate, 4 September 1880, vol. 256 CC1298-3281303 - 1305
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Prishtinë: Vjetari i Arkivit të Kosovës, XXI, 1979. Destani, Bejtullah, ed., Faik Konitza. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2000. Destani, Bejtullah, ed., Μ. Edith Durham: Albania and the Albanians - Selected Articles and Letters, 1903-1944. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2001. Destani, Bejtullah, and Robert Elsie, eds., The London Conference and the Albanian Question 1912-1914 - The Dispatches of Sir Edward Grey. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2016. Disraeli, Benjamin. The Rise of Iskander. London: Saunders and Otley, 1833. Disraeli, Benjamin. The Works of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, Volume II. New York and London: Μ. Walter Dunne, 1904. Durham, Edith. The Burdon of the Balkans. London: Edward Arnold, 1905. Durham, Edith. High Albania. London: Edward Arnold, 1909. Durham, Edith. Struggle for Scutari. London: Edward Arnold, 1914. Durham, Edith. Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle. London: Allen Anwin, 1920. Effendi, Wassa. The Truth on Albania and the Albanians. London: National Press Agency, 1879. Elliot, Arthur. The Life of George Joachim Goschen - First Viscount Goschen 1831-1907. London: Longmans, 1911. Elsie, Robert. Albanian Literature - Short History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2005. Elsie, Robert. Historical Dictionary ofAlbania. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2010. Elsie, Robert. A Biographical Dictionary ofAlbanian History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012. Elsie, Robert. Gathering Clouds. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2015. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Cham Albanians of Greece - A Documentary History. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013.
196 Selected Bibliography Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Balkan Wars - British Consular Reportsfrom Macedonia in the Final Years of the Ottoman Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Blaze in the Balkans, Μ. Edith Durham, Selected Writings 1903-1914. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Elsie, Robert, and Bejtullah Destani, eds., The Macedonian Question in the Eyes ofBritish Journalists 1899-1919. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2015. Evans, Arthur. Ancient Illyria - An Archaeological Exploration. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006. Evans, Arthur. Albanian Letters’. In Arthur Evans, Albanian Letters: Nationalism, Independence and the Albanian League, edited by Bejtullah Destani and Jason Tomes, 1-224. London: I. B. Tauris, 2017. Evans, James. Great Britain and the Creation of Yugoslavia: Negotiating Balkan Nationality and Identity. London: LB. Tauris, 2008. Eyck, Erich, and Bernard Miall. Gladstone. London: Routledge, 1966. Falaschi, Renzo. The Memoirs of Ismail Kemal Vlora and His Work for the Independence of Albania - with Historical Notes and Supplements. Tirana: Toena, 1997. Faveyrial, Jean Claud. Historia e Shqipërisë. Tirana: Plejad, 2004. Fawcett, Edmund. Liberalism: The Life of an Idea. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2014. Fetiu, Muharrem. Komiteti i Stambollit. Prishtinë: SAS, 2017. Finlay, George. History of the Greek Revolution, Vol. 1. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1861. Fitzherbert, Margaret. The Man Who Was Greenmantle - A Biography ofAubrey Herbert. London: John Murray, 1983.
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Selected Bibliography 197 Gooch, George Peabody, and Harold Temperly, eds., British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1909·, V. 5, The Near East: The Macedonian Problem and Annexation of Bosnia. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928. Grey, Edward. Twenty Five Years 1892-1916, Vol. 1 and 2. New York: Frederik A. Stokes Co., 1925. Guibernau, Montserrat. The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010. Guy, Nicholas. The Birth ofAlbania: Ethnic Nationalism, the Great Powers of World War I and the Emergence of the Albanian Independence. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012. Gwynn, Stephen, and Gertrude Tuckwell. The Life of the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles TV Dilke. London: John Murray, 1917. Hadzivasiljevic, Jovan. Arbanaska Liga Arnautska Kongra i Srpski Narod и Turskom Carstvul878-1882. Beograd: Ratnik, 1909. Hall, Catherine, Keith McClelland, Nick Draper, Kate Donnington, and Rachel Lang. Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Hall, Derek. Albania and the Albanians. London: Pinter, 1994. Hall, Derek. The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge, 2000. Hall, Richard C., ed., War in the Balkans: An Encyclopaedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia. Oxford: ABCCLIO, 2014. Halleck, Friz Greene, ed., The Works ofLord Byron in Verse and Prose. Hartford: Silas Andrus Son, 1840. Hamiti, Abdullah. Nezim Frakulla Dhe Divani i Tij Shqip. Shkup: Logos A, 2008. Hammond,
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200 Selected Bibliography Michail, Eugene. The British and the Balkans - Forming Images of Foreign Lands 1900-1950. London: Bloomsbury, 2011. Mikic, Borde. Izvestaji Austrougarskih Konzula izPrizrena, Mitrovice i Skoplja о Prilikama na Kosovu и Prvim Mesecima Ustavnosti и Turskoj, Avgust-Decembar 1908. Prishtinë: Vjetari I Arkivit të Kosovës, 1975. Miller, William. The Macedonian Claimants. London: The Contemporary Review, 1903. Miller, William. The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors 1801-1927. New York: Routledge, 2012. Mishkova, Diana, ed., We the People - Politics ofNational Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2009. Moneypenny, William. The Life ofBenjamin Disraeli Earl of Beaconsfield, Vol. I. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910. Moore, Thomas. Life, Letters, and Journals ofLord Byron. London: John Murray, 1839. Moore, Thomas. Life ofLord Byron, Vol. I. (of VI.) with His Letters and Journals. London: Murray, 1854. Morley, John. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone 1878-1898, Vol. II, 1878-1898. New York: Macmillan, 1907. Morley, John. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1:1809-1859. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Morrison, Kenneth, and Elizabeth Roberts. The Sandzak: A History. London: Hurst, 2013. Morritt, John, and G. E. Marindin. The Letters ofJohn B. S. Morritt ofRokeby: Descriptive ofJourneys in Europe and Asia Minor in the Years 1794-1796. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914. Motyl, Alexander J. Encyclopaedia ofNationalism - Leaders, Movements, and Concepts, Vol. 2. London: Academic Press,
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202 Selected Bibliography Tierney, Stephen. Accommodating National Identity: New Approaches in International and Domestic Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000. Todorova, Maria. Imagining the Balkan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Toynbee, Arnold. The Western Question in Greece and Turkey. London: Constable, 1922. Urquhart, David. The Spirit of the East, Vol. 1. London: Henry Colburn, 1830. Verli, Marenglen. Shqiptarët ne Optiken e Diplomacisë Austro-Hungareze 1877-1918. Tiranë: KLEAN, 2014. Wace, Alan, and Maurice Thompson. Nomads of the Balkans. London: Methuen, 1914. Wallace, Lillian Parker, and William Askew, eds„ Power, Public Opinion, and Diplomacy. Cambridge: Duke University Press, 1959. Walsh, Robert. Narrative of a Journeyfrom Constantinople to England. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea Carey, 1828. Wheeler, Mark. ‘Not So Black As Its Painted - The Balkan Political Heritage’. In The Changing Shape of the Balkans, edited by Francis Carter and Harry Norris, 3-13. London: UCL Press, 1996. Woods, Charles. The Danger Zone of Europe. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1911. Woodhouse, C. Montague. The Philhellenes. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969. Youngs, Tim, ed., Travel Writing in the Nineteenth Century: Filling the Blank Spaces. London: Anthem Press, 2006. Zacharia, Katerina, ed., Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicityfrom Antiquity to Modernity. Aidershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. Zefi, Frok. Mikel Summa - Arqipeshkëvi i Shkupit 1695-1777. Zagreb: Unija Zajednica Albanaca u Republic! Hrvatskoj, 2003. Zekolli, Shefqet. Veprimtaria e Hasan Prishtinës -
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Selected Bibliography 203 Psilos, Christophoros. ‘Albanian Nationalism and Unionist Ottomanization, 1908 to 1912’. Mediterranean Quarterly 17, no. 3 (Summer 2006): 26-42. Radovich, Frances. ‘The British Court and Relations with Serbia, 1903-1906’. East European Quarterly 14, no. 4 (Winter 1980): 461-72. Sencer, Emre. ‘Balkan Nationalisms in the Ottoman Parliament 1909’. East European Quarterly 38, no. 1 (March 2004): 34-45. Shanfelt, Gary. ‘An English Lady in High Albania: Edith Durham and the Balkans’. East European Quarterly 30, no. 3 (September 1999): 283-300. Skendi, Stavro. ‘Beginnings of Albanian Nationalist and Autonomous Trends: The Albanian League, 1878-1881’. The American Slavic and East European Review 12, no. 2 (April 1953): 219-32. Tennyson, Alfred. ‘Montenegro’. The Nineteenth Century: A Monthly Review, no. 3 (May 1877): 358. Ünal, Hasan. Ottoman Policy during the Bulgarian Independence Crisis, 19089: Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria at the Outset of the Young Turk Revolution. Middle Eastern Studies 34 (October 1998): 135-76. Ünal, Hasan. ‘Britain and Ottoman Domestic Politics: From the Young Turk Revolution to the Counter Revolution, 1908-9’. Middle Eastern Studies 37, no. 2 (April 2001): 1-22. Woodville, Richard Caton. ‘Sketches in Albania, A Meeting of the Albanian League’. The Illustrated London News 4 (1880): 10-12. Woods, Charles. ‘Albania and the Albanians’. The Geographical Review 5, no. 4 (April 1918): 258-73. Wolff, Larry. ‘The Western Representation of Eastern Europe on the Eve of World War I: Mediated Encounters and Intellectual Expertise in Dalmatia,
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Index Abbott, George Frederick 81-82,176,179, 203 Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 38,97-98,114, 152 Abdullah Pasha Dreni 39 Adriatic 7,11,34,40,55,101,109,117118,131,133,145-146, 154, 157, 159 Akçura, Jusuf 93 Albanian Committee 5,29,47,137, 140-144,147-149,151,156,160-161, 184,186-187 Albanian Independence 23,49, 53,65, 117-118,131 Albanian language 2,9,15,34,65,76,82, 84-85, 87-92,129 Albanian League (League of Prizren) 2, 4,24, 29-30, 33-34, 37-43,45,48, 89, 158 Albanian nationalism 2-3,14,16,45, 57, 61,64-66,73, 81, 85-86, 90,92-94, 99, 103,112,115,146,147,157-159 Albanian Nationality 2,4-5, 32-37,55,65, 93,112-113,123,128,131,134,139, 141-143,147,156,158-160 Albanian National Renaissance 33 Albanian Question 3,4, 20-21, 24-25, 27, 29-31, 37-39,42-44,47-51, 54, 57, 61, 63,68-69,77, 81-82, 96,101-103, 105, 108-120,125-126,141-144,153, 157-159,168,170,187,195 Ali, Amir 151 Ali, Mohamed 151 Ali Pasha Gucia 38,39 Ali Pasha (Tepelena) 11-20, 22-23,25,30, 33, 38-39,86 All India Muslim League 151 American Protestant Mission 91 Anatolia 39 Antivari 27, 31, 37 Apis, Colonel 102 Argyll, Duke 24 Asquith, Herbert 59,82,119-120,145, 150 Athens 2, 9, 58,137,155 Attica, 9,12 Austria-Hungary 11,24, 30-31, 33, 41-42,44, 51-56, 61, 63-64, 75,78-79, 85,101-102,105-106,108-109, 111, 115,122,125-127,130-132,146,155, 159 Autonomy 4,29, 31-32, 36,45, 50, 51-52, 54, 57-58, 63, 65, 68, 71, 82, 92, 94-95, 98,101-104,106,110-119,124,126, 128-142,156-158 Aziz Pasha Vrioni 110 Balfour 63 Balkan (Balkans) 1-5,7-13,18-19,21-25, 31-34, 36-38,42,44-45,47-48, 59, 63-68, 77, 79, 82, 85-87, 98-99,102,
105,107-108,111-112,114-125, 130-132,139,141-149,154-160 Balkan Committee 48-49, 51-58, 61-63, 104, 123-124,131, 134, 138, 140, 142, 156,158,160 Balkan League 103,109,120,127,130,135 Balkan Wars 4-5,10, 57-59,116-120, 127-134, 138, 140, 145-147, 157, 159 Balkanism 9-10, 23 Bardhi, Frang 91 Bashkimi Club 97 Bathurst, Earl 23 Bax-Ironside 111 Belgrade 2, 49, 58, 62,79,102,108, 116-117, 122,127,145, 148 Berchtold, Leopold 113,118 Berlin Congress 122 Bible 87, 88,124 Bismarck, Otto von (Prince) 7, 30-31, 33, 35-36,41-42 Black Hand 102,116 Boçari, Marko (Marco Botzaris) 16
206 Bogdani, Pjetër 83-84, 92 Boletini, Isa 69, 70, 75, 94, 99,102, 112-114,140 Bonaparte, Lucien 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina 7, 23, 31, 58, 79, 149 Boyle, Edward 126,130,184 Brailsford, Henry 51-53,57-58,123,131, 133 Bright, John 24 Britain 1, 3, 4, 7, 10-12, 14-17, 21, 23-24, 30, 32-34, 38, 40, 43-44, 48-53, 55, 58, 61-64, 67-68, 77-81, 87, 104, 106, 108, 110, 113, 119, 122-126, 128, 132, 137,139, 141-144, 150, 152-153, 155-157 British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBC) 87,124 Brochart 83 Bucharest 7, 55,117-118 Budakova, Hasan 94 Budapest Convention 30 Bulgaria (Bulgarians) 7,18, 23-25, 28, 30-31, 37, 44,47-48, 52-54, 56-58, 62, 67, 78, 80, 82,85, 92, 94-95, 103, 107, 111,114-117,123, 140,142 Burney, Vice Admiral 132-133,153 Bustani, Suleiman 104 Buzuku, Gjon 83 Buxton, Charles 52 Buxton, Noel 51-53, 57, 63 Byron, Lord 7, 10, 12-20, 22, 24-25, 32, 52-53, 133, 149, 156 Byzantine 8 Callamas 40 Calvert, Edmund, 28 Çamëria 154 Canterbury, Archbishop 51 Carnarvon 137,150 Carnegie Report 132 Cartwright, Fairfax 98,107-108 Catholics 23,27, 31, 33,41,45, 84-85, 109,118,130 Cemal, Ahmet 94 Cetinje 109,121,124,129,132 Childe Harrold 15 Churchill, Winston 120,145 Index Clark, Christopher 145,148 Cockerell, Charles 17 Connaught, Prince Arthur 150 Conference of Ambassadors 4,42, 128, 133,141, 145,149, 155,157 Congress of Manastir 92-93, 95,100 Conservative Party 3, 34 Constantinople 7-8,17,19, 27-30, 34-38, 41-45, 48, 61-65, 67-70, 74-78, 80-82, 89-90, 96-98, 102-103, 105-106, 108, 110-114, 119,138-140, 144, 152 Cooper, Harry 27 Corfu 10-11, 19,21,33,47,87 Corti, Count 31,41 Cowen,
Joseph 35-37 Crackenthorpe, Dayrell 137 Crete 24, 55, 78,138 Crispi, Francesco 31 Croatia 7,11,24, 27,137 Cullen 28 Cunningham 133 CUP, also Committee for Union and Progress 72, 80, 92, 94-97, 99, 103 Curri, Bajram 70, 75,112-113,117 Dahmad Mahmud Pasha 71 Dakin, Douglas 16 Dalmatia 137 Danilo, Prince 129 Dardania 8, 24, 66 Darwin, Charles 24, 93 De Bunsen 127-128 De Giorgis, General 54 Demir Hisar 54 De Rada, Jeronim 55 Dervish Pasha 43, 89, 90 Dibra28, 81,147 Dilke, Charles 34-36, 38,41 Dino, Rashid Bey 143 Diocletian 8 Disraeli, Benjamin 3-4,18-23, 25,27, 30-31, 33-34, 37-38, 40-42, 44, 53, 59, 141, 158,160 Draga, Nexhip 75, 93, 117 Drummond, Henry 35 Drury, Henry 12
Index Dubrovnik 24 Durham, Edith 1,5,44, 51-54, 56, 62, 64, 80, 82, 88, 94,105,107,109,121-135, 138, 141, 150,160 Dürres 83, 118,126,131,133,147 Eastern Question 4,21, 32, 35, 37-38,40, 42, 101,107,122 Edinburgh 38 Ellis, William 121 Engjëlli, Pal 83 England 21, 36, 40-41, 62,78,80,111, 121-122,128, 130,144-145,147, 149, 153 Enver Bey 72-73, 76,81, 95 Emin Bey 48 Epirus 13, 22, 31, 33,40,42-44,87,138, 154-155 Esat Pasha Toptani 94,110 Ethem Pasha 67 European Powers 11, 34-35, 37-38,48, 52, 61,64, 66,101-102,108, HO, 118, 124,158 Evans, Arthur 24, 51 Exarchate 48 Fairholme, Colonel 54 Fehmi, Hasan 96 Ferdinand, Franz 130,133-134,155 Ferid Pasha 69,76 Ferizaj 72, 75-76, 98-99 Feroz, Ahmad 80 Fishta, Gjergj 91 Fitzmaurice, Lord 35, 38,42,44-45, 77, 79-82,119 Foreign Office 35, 39,45,52, 58-59, 62, 72, 74,78-82,105-109,111,124-128, 133, 140, 143,145,151,154-155 Frakulla, Nezim 84 France 11,36,40-42,79,83,88,106,114,122 Frashëri, Abdyl 29, 34, 36, 39,43 Frashëri, Naim 90 Frashëri, Sami 65-66,68, 88-93 Fremantle, Admiral 104-105 Fuad, Prince 151 Galip Bey 74-75 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 101,121,128,149 207 Garibaldi, Ricciotti 101-102 Gaster, Moses 141-143 Gawrych, George 2, 65 Gegë 88, 91 Gennadius 36 Germany 30-31, 41-42, 61,72, 77, 79, 106,119,127,146,155 Gjakova 39 Gjakova, Riza Bey 112-114 Gjilani 116 Gjirokastra 154 Gjoka, Prenk 48 Gladstone, Herbert 51 Gladstone, William 3-4, 21-25, 27, 35, 37-38, 41-44,48-49, 51, 53, 56, 58, 62,68,77, 120,128, 130, 137, 145, 156, 158 Gocevac, Milorad 62 Goetze, Sigmund 59 Goschen, Lord 35-36, 38, 41-42, 44-45, 108,146 Gothic 17-21 Graves,
Richard 73 Granville, Earl 35-36,41 Greece 4, 7-9,11-16, 20-21, 31, 33-36, 38,40,42-44, 48, 52, 56-58,62,64,67, 73, 78, 86, 88, 97-98, 102-103,107, 114-115,130,138-139, 146,148-149, 154, 158 Greek Committee 16, 53 Greene, Kirby 28, 30, 39,44-45 Grey, Edward 55, 58-59, 61, 63-64, 78-82, 98,104-106, 109, 111-114, 120,126-128,143, 145-150, 152-156, 160 Grujic 112-113 Gruda 41-42 Gucia 39-41 Guildford, Earl 17 Gurakuqi, Luigj 104 Hairi Pasha 73 Halil Bey 73 Hamilton, William 11 Hammond, Andrew 10 Harcourt, William 24 Hawkins, John 11 Hayredin Bey, 69
208 Heaton-Armstrong, Duncan 152 Herbert, Aubrey 5,24,51-53, 56, 59,62, 81,119,133,137-156,160 Herbert, Henry 137 Hima, Dervish 71, 94 Hobhouse, John 12,14-15,17-18, 32 Hobsbawm, Eric 86 Holland, Henry 13,15,17, 36 Hoti 41-42 Hughes, Thomas 9,22-23 Ilaz Pasha Dibra 29 Ilinden Uprising 49-50, 55,63 Illyria 11,13,24,66, 83, 86, 88,91 Illyricum 12-13, 87 India 4, 37, 67,78,108,127,145,151,154, 157,159 Ippen, Theodor Anton 90 Irby, Adelina Paulina 23 Ireland 37, 50,137 Ishtip 54 Islam (Islamic) 3, 8-10,14,23,25, 56-57, 82,84, 93 Istanbul Society 89 Italy 11,16, 31, 33, 36,41, 55, 57, 83, 85, 87, 98,101,105-106, 108-109, 115, 117-118,121-122, 125,146,155 Ivanaj, Nikollë 101-102 Izvolski, Count 81 Janina 4,11,13-17,19-20,25, 29, 33-35, 38-41,43-44,51,92,110,160 Jews 62-63,141-142,144,154,160 Judge, Mark H. 141-142 Kabashi, Rrustem 94 Karatheodory Pasha 30-31 Kastrati, Jup 71 Kazazi, Gjon Nikollë 83 Kemal, Ismail, also Ismail Qemali or Ismail Bey 63, 67-69, 71-72, 76,8081, 92, 96-97,102,104-105,110-112, 117-118, 133, 143,148, 150 Kemal, Mustafa 73 Kërçova (Kiëevo) 54 King Alexandar 122 King Edward 61, 64 Index Kolonja, Shahin 92 Komiteti Qendror i Shqipërisë (Central Committee of Albania) 102 Konitza, Faik 49,143 Kopitar, Bartolomeo 87 Korais, Adamantios 86 Korça54, 83,90 Kosovo 2,4,7,10,14,23-24,28-29,32-33, 35, 38,43,45, 50-51, 54,56,58-59, 63-64,67,69-76, 79,81,84,89,94, 97-99,102-13,109-113,116-118,120, 126-127,130,132,138-139,147,160 Kristoforidhi, Konstantin 88 Kruievo 50, 54 Kukeli, Kyazim 137 Kumanovo 54,117 Kyoprolu HO Labour Party 51 Lamb, Harry 95-97,126-128,133, 152,
154-155 Lamington, Lord 141 Lansdowne 55,64 Latin Alphabet 81,84-85,92,98,103 Layard, Henry 27-28, 30, 34,38,41,44 Leake, William Martin 11-12,17,88 Lear, Edward 13,18 Leybourne, G. W. 47-48 Liberal (Liberalism) 3-5,17,21-22-25, 28, 32, 34-35, 37-38, 40-42,44,47, 49-57, 59, 62,67-68, 70,77,79,83-84, 96-97,120-125,128-130,134-135, 137-143,145-146,148-149,151,153, 155-156,158-160 Libohova, Mufid 93,95,110 Libya 68,101,108,115 Lichnovsky, Prince 146 Lipich 45 Lloyd George, David 148,153 London 4,15-16,28, 30, 33-36, 39,44-45, 47,49, 58, 63, 65, 70, 77-78, 80-81, 104-105,110-112, 119-121, 124-125, 127-128, 132-134,137,141, 143-149, 151-154,157,159-160 London Greek Committee 16 Lowther, Gerald 61,78, 80-82,106-108, 111-113,119 Lyons, Lord 40
Index 209 Macedonia (Macedonian) 1, 3, 5,7,12-14, 24, 35,43,47-52, 54-59,61-82, 84, 92, 94-95, 98-99,102-104,107,109, 111-118,120, 122-124,126-127,133, 138, 140-142,158-159 Macedonian Relief Committee 123 Mahmud V 97 Mahmud Shevket Pasha 97 Maitland, Thomas 23 Malcolm, Noel 2, 8,10 Manastir 4,14,19,28, 50-51, 54-56, 64, 67-68, 70, 72-76, 82, 88,91-95, 97, 112,114,117,124,126-127 Manchester Guardian 24-25,43,126, 128 Mansuell 82 Mazower, Mark 115 Mehmet Ali Pasha (Ali Pashë Maxharri) 30, 38-39 Mehmet Pasha Bushati 19 Meshari 83 Milovanovié 107-108 Mirdita 31 Mitrovica 32, 56, 69-70, 75,138 Mohamed, Ali Duse 151 Montenegro 7, 13-14,18, 23,25,27-28, 31, 33-45, 59,67, 79, 83,101-105, 111, 114, 116, 121-122,126-130,132, 144, 146-148,158 Morica 55 Morley, John 21, 82 Morrier, Phillip 11 Morrit, John 7, 9 Mufid Bey Libohova 95 Muslims 14, 22-25,27-28, 32,41,45, 52, 54, 56, 66, 72,78, 84-85, 88, 94,118, 127, 130,140-145,154,160 Mürzsteg Agreement 54, 56, 61 Musurush Pasha 47 Nikola, King 126,131-132 Noga, Filip 143,148 Novi Pazar 14, 32, 56, 70, 79,139 Naço, Nikolla 71 Napoleonic Wars 11,17 Nazim Pasha 115 Neratow 106 Nevinson, Henry 51, 57,107,109 Nicholson, Harold 51 Nightingale, Florence 23 Nijazi Bey 73-74,76,95,97-98 Radenkovic, Bogdan 98 Resna 54, 73 Reval Agreement 159,161, 74 Rifat Pasha 27 Rilindja 33, 83, 85, 87-88, 90-91 Riza, Ahmed 92, 95-96 Riza Tewfik Bey 138 Rome 31, 34, 55,83,106,109 Onslow, Lord 113,127 Orthodox 8, 9, 14, 52, 55, 62, 66, 84-85, 87-89, 91, 96, 103, 118, 127, 130, 151 Ottoman Parliament 34,76, 80, 92-93, 95-96, 104-105,110,138,159 Ottoman Union
Society 70 Paget, Arthur 17,141 Parga 11,22-23 Paris Peace Conference 14 Pasic, Nikola 102,127 Patriarchate 48, 98 Peja (Ipek) 69,147 Pelasgians 22, 66 Phillips, Thomas 15 Phillips, General 133,150,152-153,155 Piccolomini, Enea 84 Plava 39-41 Podgorica (Podgoritza) 101 Prespa 54 Preveza 15,40 Princip, Gavrilo 116 Prishtina 27-28,113 Prishtina, Hasan 93,106,110-112,114, 117,152 Prizren 29, 33, 39,43-45, 89-90, 98, 110, 147 Protestant 91,151 Psykharis, Ioannis 86 Qiriazi, Gjergj 82 Qiriazi, Sevasti 90 Queen Draga Obrenoviô 49,122 Queen Victoria 150
210 Rostkovski, Arkadievich 70 Rumania 7,18, 67, 71,151 Rumelia 7-8, 56 Russia (Russians) И, 16-17, 20, 27-28, 30-31, 36-37, 40, 42-45, 48, 51, 54-56, 61-62, 64, 67, 69-70, 74, 78-81,103,106, 111, 114,119,122, 132,141,144,146-147,151,156-157, 159-160 Russell, Lord 23-24 Russo-Japanese War 62 Russo-Turkish War 25,157 Ryder, C. F. 141,143-144 Sabahudin, Prince 71-72 Sabri, Ejup 73 Sadik Pasha 30, 74 Sadullah Bey 30 Said, Edward 8 Salis, John de 127-128 Salisbury, Marquees 28, 30-31, 34-35, 41, 47-48 Sandes, Flora 10 Sanjak 14, 32, 70, 79,107,139,147 San Stefano 27-30 Sarajevo 128,133,155 Scutari, see also Shkodra 13,61,121,129,132 Scerbin, Grigorije Stepanovii 70 Seferi, Idriz 99 Serbia (Serbian, Serbs) 7,10,14,18,23-24, 27-28, 37-38,43-45,49,51-54, 56, 5859,62, 64, 67, 69, 73,75,79-80,83, 98, 102-103,107-118,122-123,127-128, 130-132,134,140,145-149,154 Seton-Watson, R. W. 50, 52, 57-59,123, 127,131,134,137,149 Shaw, George Bernard 50 Shemsi Pasha 69,70, 74 Shen Gjin 131,147 Shkolla e Vashave (School for Girls) 90 Shllaku, Hasan 94 Shoqëria e Zezë për Shpëtim (Black Society for Salvation) 117 Shtime 51 Skouloudis 36 Skanderbeg 19,47,86-87,91,93,152 Skendi, Stavro 2 Skene, Henry 14 Index Shkodra 4,13-14, 31, 33, 39,43-44, 47-48, 51, 61-62, 65, 68, 82, 89-90, 94,99,109-110,112,116,121,124, 126-127,129, 132-133,141, 146-147, 149-153,155 Skopje 43,54,62, 74-75,83,98,103,106, 110,113-114,116-117,119 Slavs 2,23-24, 30, 36,43, 53, 62-63, 66, 85,87,114,131,137,140 Smyrna 42 Sofia 89,102,111,114,115 Spencer, Herbert 24 Steed, Henry Wickham 134 St. John 44-45 Stranieri 95 Symonds,
Arthur 140 Syreja Bey Vlora 67,110 Taksim 110,114,117,119 Tanzimat 65,93 Taylor, A. J. P. 52-53,124 Tefik Pasha 69 Temo, Ibrahim 49,70-71,94 Tennyson, Alfred 24-25 Thallôczy, Lajos 90 Thessaly 13,31,40,42 The Times 7,24, 52,81,104, 111, 126,134, 140,142 Thompson, Lady 52 Todorova, Maria 8-10 Topulli, Bajo 73 Topulli, Çerçiz 76 Toskë 88,91 Toynbee, Arnold 51,58 Treaty of Berlin 30, 37-38,41-42, 51, 55, 79,116,122-123,158 Treaty of Paris 23 Troubridge, Admiral 133 Turhan Pasha 69 Turkey 7-8,11, 23, 28, 32, 35,42, 57, 62, 77-78,107-108,115-116,119-120, 138-139 Turkism 3, 66, 92-93, 95,99,159 Tuzi129-130 Tyrell, William 77 Ulqin 35,41-43,45, 79 Urquhart, David 20-21
Index Vaso, Pasha 65,88,90 Vienna 12, 31, 36,49, 55, 63, 79, 87, 90, 98,106-109,113,115,117-118,125, 127,130-131,134,146,151 Vlora40,68,71, HO, 118,126,133, 137 Vrioni, Mehmet 34 Walsh, Robert 7 Waring, L. F. 58 Weardale, Lord 104-105 West, Rebecca 134 Wied (Prince Wied) 151-153,155 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 211 Woodhouse 14,17 Woodville, Richard 43,73 Yastrebov 45 Young Turks 3,49,61,70-78, 80-82, 85, 90,92-99,102-105,114,119,125,128, 138,159 Yugoslavia 4,7,127,134 Zavalani, Fehim 73,82 Zichy, Count Ferenc 27 Zizek, Slavoj 9,10 Zographos, Christakis 154 |
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| author | Dauti, Daut 1960- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1225945577 |
| author_facet | Dauti, Daut 1960- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Dauti, Daut 1960- |
| author_variant | d d dd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049477606 |
| classification_rvk | NP 5920 NP 5700 NP 6450 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1394101600 (DE-599)BVBBV049477606 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1876-1914 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1876-1914 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Albanien Osmanisches Reich Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV049477606 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:17:45Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-22T00:07:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350349537 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034823096 |
| oclc_num | 1394101600 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
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| physical | 211 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240209 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Dauti, Daut 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)1225945577 aut Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 by Daut Dauti New York ; London ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2023 211 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1876-1914 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Balkanfrage (DE-588)4143939-9 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Albania / Foreign relations / Great Britain Great Britain / Foreign relations / Albania Albania / History / 1840-1912 Eastern question (Balkan) Great Britain / Foreign relations / 1837-1901 Great Britain / Foreign relations / 1901-1936 Diplomatic relations Albania Great Britain 1837-1936 History Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Balkanfrage (DE-588)4143939-9 s Geschichte 1876-1914 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-3503-4954-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-3503-4955-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Dauti, Daut 1960- Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Balkanfrage (DE-588)4143939-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4143939-9 (DE-588)4001028-4 (DE-588)4075720-1 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 |
| title_auth | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 |
| title_exact_search | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 |
| title_full | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 by Daut Dauti |
| title_fullStr | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 by Daut Dauti |
| title_full_unstemmed | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 by Daut Dauti |
| title_short | Britain, the Albanian national question and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1914 |
| title_sort | britain the albanian national question and the fall of the ottoman empire 1876 1914 |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Balkanfrage (DE-588)4143939-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Balkanfrage Albanien Osmanisches Reich Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034823096&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dautidaut britainthealbaniannationalquestionandthefalloftheottomanempire18761914 |