Innovation in Africa: levelling the playing field to promote technology transfer
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2024
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 252 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780192857309 |
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Contents List ofBoxes List ofAbbreviations xvii xix PARTI. FOUNDATIONS 1. General Introduction 3 A. Africa’s Challenges in Accessing and Exploiting Technology for Development 3 1. The Importance of Technology for Development 3 2. Technology Development in Africa and the Defining Role of its Protection 6 3. Current Initiatives to Promote Technological Development in Africa 9 4. The Challenges to Shaping a Legal Framework to Promote Technology Transfer at the Global Level 13 5. Structure of the Book 17 2. The First Manifestations of the Ingenuity of Humankind and its Protection A. Introduction B. The First Manifestations of Humankind’s Ingenuity and the Mechanisms for its Protection C. The World’s Scientific and Technological Progress 1. The Contribution of Africa a) Inputs into scientific and technological progress b) Africa’s technological ‘conservatism’ 2. The Contribution of Asia 3. The Contribution of Europe D. The Birth of Intellectual Property 1. Requirements for the Development of the Intellectual Property System 2. Political and Legal Framework for the Protection and Promotion of Intellectual Property a) African context i) Political environment ii) Legal framework iii) Individual ownership of knowledge b) The Asian context i) Political environment ii) Legal framework iii) Individual ownership of knowledge 19 19 21 22 22 22 27 30 31 34 34 35 35 35 37 39 41 41 41 42
xii CONTENTS c) The European context i) Political environment ii) Legal framework. Hi) Individual ownership of knowledge E. Conclusion 44 44 45 46 48 3. Dynamics of the Extension of the Western-Style IP System into the African Continent A. Introduction B. Pre-colonial Extension of the Intellectual Property System to Africa 1. Protection of Knowledge and Innovation in Pre-colonial Africa 2. Rationale of the Introduction of Western-Style Intellectual Property Systems in Africa 3. Modalities of Introduction of the Intellectual Property Systems in Africa 4. The Administration Structures C. The Intellectual Property System in the ‘Non-colonized‘ African States 1. Context 2. The Case of Liberia 3. The Case of Ethiopia D. Post-Independence Implementation of Intellectual Property Systems in Africa 1. The Role of Intellectual Property in Africa’s Post-Independence 2. Africa’s Post-Independence Industrialization Policies and Intellectual Property 3. Intellectual Property in the Context of the Current Industrialization and Innovation Policies a) Kenya b) Nigeria 4. Some African Best Practices in Mainstreaming Intellectual Property Policies into National Development Programmes a) Policymaking space for IP policy development b) Rwanda’s Intellectual Property Policy c) Mozambique’s Intellectual Property Strategy d) South Africa’s Intellectual Property Policy e) South Africa substantive examination priority areas E. Conclusion 51 51 53 53 54 56 59 60 60 61 63 67 67 68 73 74 75 77 77 78 79 80 81 82 PART II. THE USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TO FOSTERING DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 4. The
Challenges of Promoting Innovation through Technology Transfer into Africa A. Introduction 87 87
CONTENTS xiii В. Philosophical Debates on the Reinterpretation of Locke’s Labour Theory to Facilitate Transfer of Technology and Foster Innovation 89 C. Fragmentation in the Legal Framework on Technology Transfer 95 1. The United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Framework and Technology Transfer 95 2. The UNCTAD Draft International Code of Conduct for the Transfer of Technology 96 3. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Transfer of Technology 98 4. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Regime of Technology Transfer and the Kyoto Protocol 99 5. The Convention on Biological Diversity and Transfer of Technology 100 6. The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and Technology Transfer 101 D. Proposed Reforms on the International Framework for Regulating Technology Transfer 102 1. Ihe Proposed Multilateral Agreement on Access to Basic Science and Technology under the WTO Framework 102 2. Ihe Proposed Implementation of ABST undertheWIPO Development Agenda 104 3. Proposal to Establish an International Technology Transfer Agreement under the WTO 107 E. Conclusion 109 5. Maximizing the Use of the TRIPS Agreement to Promote Technology Transfer and Innovation in Africa 111 A. Introduction 111 B. Clarifying Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement on Technology Transfer 112 1. Overview of Article 66.2 112 2. Ihe Duty-Bearers 113 3. Ihe Nature of Incentives to be Granted 115 a) Incentives to companies and institutions in developed states to promote transfer of technologies 115 b)
Establishing a mechanism to assess the impact of incentives on transfer of technology 119 c) The proposal for the establishment of clusters of technology transfer 121 4. The Use of Information and Communication Technologies 123 C. Institutional Arrangements to Support the Implementation of Article 66.2 124 1. National Institutions to Monitor the Implementation of Article 66.2 124 2. Impact-Assessment Studies on the Implementation of Article 66.2 126 3. The Proposal for a WTO Advisory Centre for Technology Transfer and Innovation 132
XÎV CONTENTS D. Enforcement of Article 66.2 through the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism 134 1. The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and TRIPS 134 2. Challenges in Exploiting the Potential of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism to Enforce the Claims of LDCs 136 E. Conclusion 138 PART III. LEVELLING THE PLAYING FIELD TO PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND INNOVATION IN AFRICA 6. The Proposal to Establish the Agreement on Trade-Related Issues of Technology Transfer and Innovation (TRITTI) A. Introduction B. Rationale for the Establishment of the Treaty C. Addressing Challenges Raised by the Failed Attempts at Adopting an International Framework 1. UNCTAD Draft Code Stumbling Blocks 2. Scope 3. Applicable Law 4. Legal Character of TRITTI 5. Dispute Settlement 6. Technical Assistance 7. WTO as a Host Organization 8. Measures to Promote Collaboration of the Private Sector in the Transfer of Technologies D. Conclusion 143 143 145 147 147 148 150 152 153 155 156 158 160 7. The Role of Developing States and LDCs in the Quest for Technology Transfer: Recommendations 163 A. Introduction 163 B. The Development of Technology Absorption and Adaptation Capabilities as Enablers of Technology Transfer in LDCs 165 1. Development of Absorptive Capacities in Africa 165 2. Government Interventions to Develop Absorptive Capacity 166 a) Government institutional frameworks focused on science, technology, and innovation 167 b) Improvement of funding for research and development 171 c) Development of human capital to enable technological progress 173 d) Adequate exploitation of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) 178 e) Socialization or contextualization of science and technology 181
CONTENTS XV f) Technological development through acquisition and indigenization of foreign technologies 182 i) Utility models as a tool for indigenization of foreign technologies 182 ii) The acquisition and indigenization of foreign technologies through utility models in East Asian states 186 iii) Indigenization of foreign technologies through the use of utility models in Africa 188 g) Leveraging the digital economy to fast-track Africa’s innovative capabilities 190 h) Focus on leveraging the Fourth Industrial Revolution 197 C. Conclusion 202 8. Final Conclusions and Recommendations A. Introduction B. Summary of the Findings and Recommendations 1. Overcoming the Philosophical Obstacles to Africa’s Participation in the Global Innovation Process and Access to Technology 2. Maximizing the Use of Article 66.2 to Promote Technology Transfer to Africa 3. The Proposal for Establishing an International Treaty on Technology Transfer 4. Enabling Environment to Facilitate Flows of Technology in Recipient States C. Conclusion References Index 205 205 207 207 211 213 214 218 221 241 |
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| title | Innovation in Africa levelling the playing field to promote technology transfer |
| title_auth | Innovation in Africa levelling the playing field to promote technology transfer |
| title_exact_search | Innovation in Africa levelling the playing field to promote technology transfer |
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