Commercial contracts in Germany:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München
C.H. Beck
2024
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | German Law Accessible
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Auf Buchdeckel: Second edition |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIII, 321 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783406809910 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mann, Marius |d 1979- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139043926 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Commercial contracts in Germany |c by Marius Mann |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a München |b C.H. Beck |c 2024 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIII, 321 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a German Law Accessible | |
| 500 | |a Auf Buchdeckel: Second edition | ||
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| 651 | 7 | |a Deutschland |0 (DE-588)4011882-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | |a Vertragsrecht | ||
| 653 | |a Verträge | ||
| 653 | |a Witschaftsrecht | ||
| 653 | |a Streitbeilegung | ||
| 653 | |a Vertragstypen | ||
| 653 | |a Handelsverträge | ||
| 653 | |a Commercial contracts | ||
| 653 | |a Sale of goods | ||
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Deutschland |0 (DE-588)4011882-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Vertragsrecht |0 (DE-588)4063283-0 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1821501185305083904 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
SUMMARY
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
V
AUTHOR
.
VII
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.
XXIX
INTRODUCTORY
REMARKS
.
XXXIII
PART
I
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
IN
GERMANY
CHAPTER
1.
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
LAW
OF
CONTRACTS
.
1
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
B.
FORMATION
OF
CONTRACTS
.
2
C.
PAVING
THE
WAY
FOR
A
CONTRACT
.
9
D.
INEFFECTIVENESS
.
12
E.
EXECUTION
.
18
F.
EXTINCTION
AND
TERMINATION
.
24
G.
CONTRACTS
IN
THE
DIGITAL
AGE
.
33
CHAPTER
2.
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
35
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
35
B.
THE
GERMAN
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
35
C.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
36
D.
CONFLICTING
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
38
E.
CONTENT
THAT
CAN
BE
SUBJECT
TO
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
39
F.
TYPICAL
STANDARD
TERMS
IN
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
.
39
G.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
UNFAIR
STANDARD
TERMS
.
41
H.
CARRYING
OUT
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
42
I.
CIRCUMVENTION
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
43
J.
HOW
DO
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
BECOME
PART
OF
THE
PARTY
'
S
AGREEMENT?
44
K.
INCLUSION
OF
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
IN
B2B
CONTRACTS
IN
PRACTICE
.
44
L.
PROS
AND
CONS
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
47
CHAPTER
3.
CONTRACTS
IN
CORPORATE
CRISIS
AND
INSOLVENCY
.
48
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
48
B.
GENERAL
SYNOPSIS
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
48
C.
PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
OF
CREDITORS
.
56
CHAPTER
4.
INTERNATIONAL
CONTRACT
LAW
.
58
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
58
B.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
58
C.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
62
D.
BREXIT
WOES
.
66
E.
MADE
IN
GERMANY:
REASONS
FOR
THE
CHOICE
OF
GERMAN
LAW
.
68
IX
CHAPTER
5.
DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT
.
70
A.
LITIGATION
VS
ARBITRATION
.
70
B.
COLLECTIVE
REDRESS
.
74
CHAPTER
6.
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
76
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
76
B.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
76
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
78
D.
BUYERS
CLAIM
FOR
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTIVE
GOODS
.
83
E.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
FROM
THE
STATUTORY
WARRANTY
REGIME
.
85
F.
GUARANTEE
.
87
G.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
IN
THE
SUPPLY
CHAIN
.
88
CHAPTER
7.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
90
A.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
90
B.
CIVIL
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
91
C.
PRODUCT
RECALL
.
96
D.
AFTER
DISCOVERING
A
PRODUCT
DEFECT
.
100
E.
CONFLICT
OF
LAWS
.
101
F.
JURISDICTION
.
104
CHAPTER
8.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
AGREEMENT
.
105
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
105
B.
DEFINITION
.
105
C.
MAIN
LEGAL
ISSUES
.
106
D.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
107
CHAPTER
9.
CONFIDENTIALITY
AGREEMENT
.
109
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
109
B.
STATUTORY
PARAMETERS
.
109
C.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
110
CHAPTER
10.
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENT
.
113
A.
TYPES
OF
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENTS
.
113
B.
GENERAL
CONTENT
.
113
C.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
114
CHAPTER
11.
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
117
A.
DEFINITION
.
117
B.
TYPES
OF
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
.
119
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
119
D.
DRAFTING
.
126
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
127
F.
TERMINATION
.
128
G.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
135
H.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
140
CHAPTER
12.
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
156
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
156
B.
FORMATION
.
157
C.
CONTENT
.
158
D.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
SUPPLEMENTAL
AGREEMENTS
.
165
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
166
F.
TERM
AND
TERMINATION
.
175
X
G.
INVESTMENT COMPENSATION
.
178
H.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
179
I.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
181
CHAPTER
13.
COMMISSION
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
186
A.
DEFINITION
.
186
B.
CONTRACTUAL
RELATIONS
.
186
C.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
187
D.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
187
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
188
CHAPTER
14.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENT
.
189
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
189
B.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
190
C.
TYPES
OF
FRANCHISING
AND
ITS
REGULATION
.
190
D.
BENEFITS
OF
FRANCHISING
.
191
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
191
F.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
192
G.
TERMINATION
.
196
CHAPTER
15.
TRANSPORT
AND
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
198
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
198
B.
CONTENT
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
.
199
C.
THE
TRANSPORT
PROCESS
.
199
D.
LIABILITY
.
199
E.
OTHER
MANDATORY
PROVISIONS
IN
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
202
F.
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
.
202
G.
MARITIME
LAW
AND
LIABILITY
.
206
H.
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
206
I.
INTERNATIONAL
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
208
CHAPTER
16.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
209
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
209
B.
PARTIES
'
OBLIGATIONS
.
209
C.
SPECIAL
FORM
OF
WAREHOUSING:
CONSIGNMENT
STOCK
WAREHOUSE
CONTRACT
.
210
D.
WAREHOUSE
WARRANT
.
211
E.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
'
S
LIABILITY
.
211
F.
IMPORTANT
CONTENT
.
212
CHAPTER
17.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
213
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
213
B.
OBLIGATIONS
IMPOSED
BY
THE
LKSG
IN
A
NUTSHELL
.
213
C.
DEFINITION
OF
THE
RELEVANT
RISKS
.
214
D.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
WHEN
CONCLUDING
NEW
CONTRACTS
.
214
E.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
FOR
EXISTING
CONTRACTS
.
216
F.
RISK
ANALYSIS
.
216
G.
AFTER
THE
IDENTIFICATION
OF
A
RISK
.
217
XI
PART
II
RELEVANT
STATUTORY
MATERIALS
A.
EXCERPTS
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
CODE
.
219
B.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
291
C.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
307
PART
III
GERMAN-ENGLISH
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
.
313
INDEX
.
319
XII
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
V
AUTHOR
.
VII
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.
XXIX
INTRODUCTORY
REMARKS
.
XXXIII
PART
I
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
IN
GERMANY
CHAPTER
1.
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
LAW
OF
CONTRACTS
.
1
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
B.
FORMATION
OF
CONTRACTS
.
2
I.
OFFER
AND
ACCEPTANCE
.
2
1.
DEFINITION
.
2
2.
OFFER
.
3
3.
ESSENTIALIA
NEGOTII
.
3
4.
ACCEPTANCE
.
3
II.
INTENT
OF
LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITY
.
4
III.
SILENCE
AS
A
DECLARATION
OF
INTENT
.
4
1.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
4
2.
SILENCE
IN
COMMERCIAL
RELATIONS
.
5
3.
COMMERCIAL
LETTER
OF
CONFIRMATION
.
5
IV.
AGENCY
.
5
1.
ELEMENTS
OF
AGENCY
.
6
2.
GENERAL
COMMERCIAL
AUTHORITY
.
7
3.
APPARENT
AND
TOLERATED
AUTHORITY
.
7
A)
APPARENT
AUTHORITY
.
7
B)
TOLERATED
AUTHORITY
.
7
4.
AGENCY
AND
CERTAIN
TYPES
OF
DISTRIBUTION
.
8
5.
UNAUTHORISED
AGENCY
.
8
V.
LEGAL
CAPACITY;
CAPACITY
TO
CONTRACT
.
8
1.
BEGINNING
AND
END
.
8
2.
DEFINITION
.
8
VI.
MULTILATERAL
AGREEMENTS
.
9
C.
PAVING
THE
WAY
FOR
A
CONTRACT
.
9
I.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
.
9
II.
CONTRACT
NEGOTIATION
.
10
III.
LETTER
OF
INTENT
.
11
IV.
PRE-CONTRACT
.
11
V.
OPTION
CONTRACT
.
12
VI.
CULPA
IN
CONTRAHENDO
AND
ABANDONMENT
OF
NEGOTIATIONS
.
12
XIII
D.
INEFFECTIVENESS
.
12
I.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
13
1.
GENERAL
.
13
2.
TYPES
.
13
3.
FUNCTIONS
.
13
4.
EXTENT
.
13
5.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
14
II.
STATUTORY
PROHIBITIONS
.
14
III.
LEGAL
TRANSACTION
CONTRARY
TO
PUBLIC
POLICY
.
14
IV.
LACK
OF
SERIOUSNESS
AND
SHAM
TRANSACTION
.
15
V.
AVOIDANCE
.
15
1.
MISTAKE
.
16
A)
CONTENT
AND
MEANING
.
16
B)
EXPRESSION
.
16
C)
CHARACTERISTICS
.
16
D)
TRANSMISSION
.
17
2.
DECEIT
OR
DURESS
.
17
A)
DECEIT
.
17
B)
DURESS
.
17
3.
PERIOD
FOR
DECLARATION
OF
AVOIDANCE
.
18
VI.
INVALIDITY
AND
PARTIAL
INVALIDITY
.
18
E.
EXECUTION
.
18
I.
PERFORMANCE
OF
OBLIGATIONS
.
18
1.
TYPES
OF
OBLIGATIONS
.
18
2.
CLAIM
FOR
PERFORMANCE
.
19
A)
SUB-CONTRACTING
.
19
B)
MAIN
CONTRACTOR
.
19
II.
WRITTEN
AND
UNWRITTEN
CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
19
1.
MANDATORY
LAW
.
19
2.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
PROTECTIVE
OBLIGATIONS
.
20
III.
GAPS
AND
INTERPRETATION
.
20
1.
INTERPRETATION
.
20
2.
STANDARD
OF
INTERPRETATION
.
20
3.
FOUR-STEP
TEST
.
21
4.
LEGAL
ASSUMPTIONS
.
21
IV.
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
21
1.
CONTRACT
TYPES
PROVIDED
BY
LAW
.
21
2.
DEVELOPED
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
21
V.
MODIFICATION
AND
CHANGE
.
22
1.
CONTRACT
MODIFICATIONS
.
22
2.
CONTRACT
CHANGE
CLAUSES
.
22
3.
PRICE
INDEX
CLAUSES
.
22
4.
DOCTRINE
OF
INTERFERENCE
WITH
THE
BASIS
OF
TRANSACTION
.
23
5.
PRICE
ADAPTION
IN
TIMES
OF
COVID-19,
ARMED
CONFLICT,
AND
INFLATION
.
23
F.
EXTINCTION
AND
TERMINATION
.
24
I.
EXTINCTION
BY
PERFORMANCE,
IMPOSSIBILITY,
AND
SET-OFF
.
24
II.
REVOCATION,
RESCISSION,
AND
CANCELLATION
.
24
1.
REVOCATION
.
24
2.
RESCISSION
.
24
3.
CANCELLATION
.
25
XIV
III.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
25
1.
GENERAL
.
25
2.
TYPES
OF
TERMINATION
.
26
A)
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
26
B)
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITHOUT
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
26
C)
GOOD
REASON
.
26
D)
EXTRAORDINARY
TERMINATION
WITH
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
27
3.
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
.
27
A)
REQUIREMENTS
.
27
B)
PITFALLS
WHEN
DECLARING
TERMINATION
.
27
4.
FORM
.
28
5.
PROPER
AUTHORISATION
.
28
A)
GENERAL
.
28
B)
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
RIGHT
TO
REJECT
.
28
C)
CONDITIONS
OF
§
174
BGB
.
29
D)
REJECTING
THE
REJECTION
.
29
6.
TRANSMISSION
OF
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
29
A)
COURIER
.
30
B)
REGISTERED
LETTER
.
30
C)
ORDINARY
LETTER
.
30
D)
EMAIL
.
30
E)
DELIVERY
BY
HAND
.
31
IV.
LIMITATION
.
31
1.
DEFINITION
OF
CLAIM
.
31
2.
STANDARD
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
31
3.
COMMENCEMENT
OF
LIMITATION
.
32
4.
SUSPENSION
AND
RECOMMENCEMENT
.
32
A)
SUSPENSION
.
32
B)
RECOMMENCEMENT
.
33
5.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
33
G.
CONTRACTS
IN
THE
DIGITAL
AGE
.
33
CHAPTER
2.
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
35
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
35
B.
THE
GERMAN
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
35
C.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
36
I.
STANDARD
CONTRACT
TERMS
.
36
II.
PRE-FORMULATION
.
36
III.
INTENDED
FOR
REPEATED
USE
.
37
IV.
IMPOSING
STANDARD
TERMS
.
37
V.
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
AMONG
ENTREPRENEURS
.
38
D.
CONFLICTING
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
38
E.
CONTENT
THAT
CAN
BE
SUBJECT
TO
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
39
F.
TYPICAL
STANDARD
TERMS
IN
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
.
39
G.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
UNFAIR
STANDARD
TERMS
.
41
H.
CARRYING
OUT
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
42
I.
CIRCUMVENTION
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
43
J.
HOW
DO
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
BECOME
PART
OF
THE
PARTY
'
S
AGREEMENT?
44
K.
INCLUSION
OF
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
IN
B2B
CONTRACTS
IN
PRACTICE
.
44
L.
PROS
AND
CONS
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
47
XV
CHAPTER
3.
CONTRACTS
IN
CORPORATE
CRISIS
AND
INSOLVENCY
.
48
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
48
B.
GENERAL
SYNOPSIS
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
48
I.
FILING
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
48
1.
OBLIGATION
TO
FILE
.
48
2.
TIME
PERIOD
.
49
3.
SIGNS
OF
A
CORPORATE
CRISIS
.
49
II.
REASONS
TO
FILE
A
REQUEST
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
50
1.
IMMINENT
ILLIQUIDITY
.
50
2.
ILLIQUIDITY
.
50
3.
OVERINDEBTEDNESS
.
50
III.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
A
BREACH
OF
THE
OBLIGATION
TO
FILE
A
REQUEST
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
50
1.
CIVIL
LAW
SANCTIONS
.
51
2.
CRIMINAL
LAW
SANCTIONS
.
51
IV.
PRELIMINARY
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
51
1.
PRELIMINARY
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
.
51
2.
OBLIGATIONS
OF
THE
WEAK
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
.
52
3.
INSOLVENCY
PAYMENTS
.
52
4.
SUPPLIER
RISKS
.
52
V.
OPENING
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
52
1.
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
'
S
COMPETENCE
.
52
2.
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
'
S
OPTION
OF
PERFORMANCE
.
53
VI.
RIGHT
TO
CONTEST
AND
ANNUL
PREVIOUS
TRANSACTIONS
.
53
VII.
TREATMENT
OF
CLAIMS
IN
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
54
1.
SEPARATION
AND
PREFERENTIAL
RIGHTS
.
54
2.
CLAIMS
AGAINST
THE
INSOLVENCY
ESTATE
.
54
3.
GENERAL
INSOLVENCY
CLAIMS
.
54
4.
SUBORDINATED
CREDITORS
.
55
VIII.
CREDITORS
'
PARTICIPATION
IN
THE
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDING
.
55
1.
REGISTRATIONS
OF
CLAIMS
.
55
2.
CREDITORS
'
MEETING
.
55
3.
CREDITORS
'
COMMITTEE
.
56
C.
PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
OF
CREDITORS
.
56
I.
RETENTION
OF
TITLE
.
56
II.
PRIVILEGED
CASH
TRANSACTION
.
57
III.
PREPAYMENT
.
57
IV.
INDIVIDUAL
COURT
AUTHORISATION
.
57
CHAPTER
4.
INTERNATIONAL
CONTRACT
LAW
.
58
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
58
B.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
58
I.
UNITED
NATIONS
CONVENTION
ON
CONTRACTS
FOR
THE
INTERNATIONAL
SALE
OF
GOODS
(CISG)
.
58
1.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
59
A)
SALE
OF
GOODS
.
59
B)
INTERNATIONALITY
.
59
C)
CISG
NOT
SUSPENDED
.
59
2.
SCOPE
OF
CISG
REGULATION
.
60
A)
REGULATED
ISSUES
.
60
B)
UNREGULATED
ISSUES
.
60
XVI
3.
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
GERMAN
SALES
LAW
AND
CISG
.
60
II.
EU
DIRECTIVE
ON
CONTRACTS
FOR
THE
SUPPLY
OF
DIGITAL
CONTENT
AND
DIGI
TAL
SERVICES
.
61
III.
INCOTERMS
2020
.
61
1.
DEFINITION
.
61
2.
ORIGIN
.
62
3.
SCOPE
.
62
4.
CLASSIFICATION
.
62
C.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
62
I.
STEP
1:
IDENTIFYING
THE
JURISDICTION
.
63
II.
STEP
2:
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
SUBSTANTIVE
LAW
.
63
1.
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
63
2.
CHOICEOFLAW
.
64
III.
FREEDOM
OF
CHOICE
OFLAW
AND
ITS
LIMITATIONS
.
64
1.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
64
2.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
3(3)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
3.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
3(4)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
4.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
9(2)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
5.
EXCLUSION
OF
RESTRAINTS
IN
ARBITRATION
.
65
D.
BREXIT
WOES
.
66
I.
ANTI-SUIT
INJUNCTION
.
66
II.
FORUM
NON
CONVENIENS
.
66
III.
CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENT
ON
THE
CHOICE
OF
COURT
.
67
IV.
APPLICABLE
SUBSTANTIVE
LAW
.
67
V.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
67
E.
MADE
IN
GERMANY:
REASONS
FOR
THE
CHOICE
OF
GERMAN
LAW
.
68
I.
PREDICTABILITY
.
68
II.
DEFAULT
RULES
.
68
III.
LOWCOSTS
.
68
IV.
EFFICIENT
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
.
69
CHAPTER
5.
DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT
.
70
A.
LITIGATION
VS
ARBITRATION
.
70
I.
LITIGATION
.
70
1.
APPEALS
SYSTEM
.
70
2.
MULTI-PARTY
DISPUTES
.
71
3.
MORE
COMPREHENSIVE
POWERS
OF
JUDGES
TO
CONDUCT
THE
PROCEEDINGS
.
71
II.
ARBITRATION
.
71
1.
CONFIDENTIALITY
.
71
2.
NEUTRALITY
OF
FORUM
.
72
3.
EFFICIENCY
OF
ARBITRATION
AND
ENFORCEABILITY
OF
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
.
72
4.
FLEXIBILITY
.
73
III.
LITIGATION
OR
ARBITRATION?
.
73
1.
CONSIDERATIONS
.
73
2.
ARBITRATION
CLAUSE
.
73
3.
JURISDICTION
CLAUSE
.
74
A)
DOMESTIC
BUSINESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
74
B)
CROSS-BORDER
BUSINESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
74
B.
COLLECTIVE
REDRESS
.
74
XVII
CHAPTER
6.
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
76
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
76
B.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
76
I.
ESSENTIAL
CONTENT
.
76
II.
FORM
.
76
III.
OBJECT
OF
THE
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
77
IV.
SPECIAL
TYPES
OF
SALE
.
77
V.
SPECIFIC
PROVISIONS
OF
COMMERCIAL
LAW
.
77
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
78
I.
SELLER
.
78
1.
HANDING
OVER
THE
PURCHASED
ITEM
.
78
A)
PLACE
AND
TIME
OF
PERFORMANCE
.
78
B)
COSTS
.
78
2.
PROVIDING
OWNERSHIP
.
78
3.
ABSENCE
OF
DEFECTS
.
79
A)
FREE
FROM
DEFECTS
.
79
B)
PARTY
AGREEMENT
.
79
C)
SUITABILITY
FOR
INTENDED
USE
.
79
D)
SUITABILITY
FOR
CUSTOMARY
USE
.
79
E)
BURDEN
OF
PROOF
.
80
II.
BUYER
.
80
1.
PAYMENT
AND
ACCEPTANCE
OFTHE
DELIVERY
.
80
A)
PURCHASE
PRICE
.
80
B)
MODE
OF
PAYMENT
.
80
C)
PROBLEM
IN
INVOICE
.
81
D)
ACCEPTANCE
OF
DELIVERY
.
81
2.
EXAMINATION
OF
GOODS
AND
OBJECTION
TO
DEFECTS
.
81
A)
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
81
B)
PROMPT
EXAMINATION
.
81
C)
TIMELINE
.
81
D)
EXTENT
OF
EXAMINATION
.
82
E)
OBJECTION
TO
DEFECTS
.
82
F)
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
OMISSION
.
82
G)
CONTRACTUAL
ALTERATION
.
83
D.
BUYERS
CLAIM
FOR
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTIVE
GOODS
.
83
I.
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTS
.
83
II.
NO
SELF-REMEDY
.
84
III.
RESCISSION
.
84
IV.
PRICE
REDUCTION
.
84
V.
EXCLUSION
.
84
VI.
LIMITATION
.
85
E.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
FROM
THE
STATUTORY
WARRANTY
REGIME
.
85
I.
LUMP
SUM
PAYMENTS
FOR
DAMAGES
.
85
II.
ADDITIONAL
CHECKS
AND
CONTROLS
.
86
III.
REJECTION
OF
FUTURE
DELIVERIES
.
86
IV.
SELF-REMEDY
OF
DEFECTS
.
87
F.
GUARANTEE
.
87
G.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
IN
THE
SUPPLY
CHAIN
.
88
I.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
88
1.
NO
REQUIREMENT
TO
SET
A
TIME
LIMIT
.
88
XVIII
2.
REVERSAL
OFBURDEN
OFPROOF
.
88
II.
LIMITED
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
89
III.
LIMITATION
.
89
IV.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
FOR
DIGITAL
PRODUCTS
.
89
CHAPTER?.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
90
A.
SOURCES
OFLAW
.
90
B.
CIVIL
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
91
I.
CONDITIONS
AND
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
91
1.
CONDITIONS
.
91
2.
CAPPING
.
91
3.
DEFINITION
OF
PRODUCT
.
91
4.
DEFECT
.
92
5.
POTENTIAL
DEFENDANT
.
92
6.
SUPPLIER
LIABILITY
.
93
7.
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
93
8.
DEFENDANT
'
S
ARGUMENTS
TO
PROTECT
HIMSELF
.
93
9.
NO
EXCLUSION
OFLIABILITY
.
94
II.
PRODUCER
LIABILITY
.
94
1.
GENERAL
.
94
2.
PRODUCER
'
S
UNLAWFUL
BEHAVIOUR
.
94
3.
VIOLATION
OF
A
PROTECTED
RIGHT
OR
INTEREST
.
95
4.
CULPABILITY
AND
DAMAGE
.
95
A)
PRACTICAL
GUIDANCE
REGARDING
CULPABILITY
.
95
B)
DAMAGE
AND
CAUSATION
.
96
5.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
96
III.
CONTRACTUAL
LIABILITY
.
96
C.
PRODUCT
RECALL
.
96
I.
MANUFACTURER
'
S
GENERAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
96
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
.
96
2.
BASIC
LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS
OF
THE
PRODUCT
SAFETY
ACT
.
97
3.
CAREFUL
CONSIDERATION
.
97
4.
TYPES
OFPRODUCT
RECALLS
.
98
II.
CLAIM
TO
RECALL
A
PRODUCT
.
98
III.
OFFICIALLY
ORDERED
RECALL
.
98
IV.
RECALL
MANAGEMENT
.
98
1.
IMPLEMENTING
QUALITY
CONTROL
.
98
2.
ENSURING
TRACEABILITY
.
99
3.
MONITORING
.
99
4.
RECALL
TEAM
.
99
V.
PRACTICAL
INSTRUCTIONS
.
99
D.
AFTER
DISCOVERING
A
PRODUCT
DEFECT
.
100
I.
FACT
FINDING
.
100
II.
RISK
ASSESSMENT
.
100
III.
CONTACT
WITH
REGULATOR
.
100
E.
CONFLICT
OF
LAWS
.
101
I.
GENERAL
CONCEPT
.
101
II.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
101
1.
SEVEN-STEP
TEST
.
101
2.
LOI
UNIFORME
.
103
XIX
III.
RULES
ON
SAFETY
AND
CONDUCT
.
103
IV.
MULTIPLE
LIABILITY
AND
RECOURSE
.
103
F.
JURISDICTION
.
104
CHAPTER
8.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
AGREEMENT
.
105
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
105
B.
DEFINITION
.
105
I.
GENERAL
.
105
II.
TERM
REVIEW
.
105
III.
AVOIDING
OVERLAPPING
REGULATION
.
106
C.
MAIN
LEGAL
ISSUES
.
106
I.
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
DUTY
TO
OBJECT
TO
DEFECTS
.
106
II.
MINIMISING
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
RISKS
.
107
D.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
107
CHAPTER
9.
CONFIDENTIALITY
AGREEMENT
.
109
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
109
B.
STATUTORY
PARAMETERS
.
109
C.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
110
I.
DEFINITION
.
110
II.
EXTENT
OF
NON-DISCLOSURE
OBLIGATION
.
110
III.
EXCEPTIONS
.
111
IV.
STORAGE
OF
CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION
.
111
V.
RETURN
OF
CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION
.
111
VI.
CONTRACTUAL
PENALTY
.
112
CHAPTER
10.
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENT
.
113
A.
TYPES
OF
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENTS
.
113
B.
GENERAL
CONTENT
.
113
C.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
114
I.
EXCLUSIVITY
.
114
1.
EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASE
OBLIGATION
.
114
2.
EXCLUSIVE
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
114
II.
ORDER
PROCESS
.
114
III.
APPLICATION
OF
§§
84
ET
SEQQ.
HGB
BY
ANALOGY
.
115
IV.
TERMINATION
.
115
1.
TYPES
OF
TERMINATION
.
115
2.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
115
3.
COMPELLING
REASON
.
116
V.
ORDER
OF
APPLICATION
.
116
CHAPTER
11.
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
117
A.
DEFINITION
.
117
I.
DISTINCTION
FROM
OTHER
FORMS
OF
DISTRIBUTION
AND
EMPLOYMENT
CON
TRACTS
.
117
1.
COMMISSION
BROKER
.
117
2.
DISTRIBUTOR
.
117
3.
FRANCHISING
.
118
4.
EMPLOYEE
.
118
II.
PSEUDO-INDEPENDENCE
.
118
III.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
119
B.
TYPES
OF
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
.
119
XX
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
119
I.
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
120
1.
MAIN
OBLIGATION
.
120
2.
SECONDARY
OBLIGATIONS
.
120
II.
PRINCIPAL
.
121
1.
COMMISSION
PAYMENT
.
121
A)
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
'
S
COMMISSION
ENTITLEMENT
.
121
AA)
TRANSACTION
SOLICITED
BY
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
122
BB)
CONCURRENTLY
CAUSAL
.
122
CC)
DISTRICT
AGENCY
COMMISSION
.
122
B)
FURTHER
CONDITIONS
FOR
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
'
S
COMMISSION
CLAIM
.
122
AA)
REASONABLE
ADVANCE
.
122
BB)
CUSTOMER
'
S
NON-PERFORMANCE
.
123
CC)
PRINCIPAL
'
S
NON-PERFORMANCE
.
123
DD)
DUE
DATE
OF
COMMISSION
.
123
C)
AMOUNT
OF
COMMISSION
.
123
AA)
COMMISSION
RATE
.
123
BB)
CALCULATION
OF
COMMISSION
.
124
CC)
NO
UNILATERAL
COMMISSION
REDUCTION
.
124
D)
LOSS
OF
THE
COMMISSION
CLAIM
.
124
E)
INVOICING
AND
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
125
AA)
REGULAR
INVOICING
.
125
BB)
CONTENT
OF
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
125
CC)
FORM
.
125
2.
SECONDARY
OBLIGATIONS
.
125
A)
PROVISION
OF
MATERIAL
.
125
B)
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
125
C)
FIDUCIARY
DUTY
AND
DUTY
TO
CARE
.
126
D)
DUTIES
BY
PARTY
AGREEMENT
.
126
D.
DRAFTING
.
126
I.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
126
II.
DO
'
S
AND
DON
'
TS
.
127
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
127
F.
TERMINATION
.
128
I.
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
128
1.
STAGGERED
NOTICE
PERIODS
.
128
2.
EQUALITY
OF
NOTICE
PERIODS
.
129
3.
INDEFINITE
PERIOD
OF
TIME
.
129
4.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
129
5.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
PURSUANT
TO
§
624
BGB
.
129
II.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITHOUT
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
130
1.
IMPORTANT
REASON
.
130
2.
WARNING
LETTER
.
131
3.
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
.
131
4.
DECLARATION
WITHIN
AN
ADEQUATE
TIME
.
132
5.
DAMAGE
COMPENSATION
.
132
A)
WRONGFUL
TERMINATION
.
132
B)
LAWFUL
TERMINATION
.
132
C)
NO
PROTECTION
OF
THE
AGENT
'
S
INVESTMENTS
.
132
XXI
III.
PARTIAL
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
133
IV.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITH
OPTION
TO
CONTINUE
.
133
V.
CANCELLATION
AGREEMENT
.
133
VI.
NO
LEGAL
FORM
REQUIREMENT
.
134
G.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
135
I.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
COMMISSION
CLAIMS
.
135
II.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
135
1.
DURATION
.
135
2.
CONTENT
.
136
3.
FORM
.
136
4.
REASONABLE
NON-COMPETITION
COMPENSATION
.
137
5.
ELIMINATION
OF
THE
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
137
A)
WAIVER
OF
COMPETITION
PROHIBITION
.
137
B)
CANCELLATION
AGREEMENT
.
138
C)
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
138
D)
CLOSURE
OF
BUSINESS
OR
DEATH
.
138
III.
RETURN
OF
SAMPLE
COLLECTION
.
138
IV.
RETURN
OF
CUSTOMER
ADDRESSES
.
139
V.
CLAIM
FOR
CONTINUED
SUPPLY
.
139
VI.
LIMITATION
.
139
1.
GENERAL
.
139
2.
CLAIM
FOR
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
139
3.
AGENT
'
S
MISAPPREHENSION
.
140
H.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
140
I.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
140
II
.
CONDITIONS
.
140
1.
TERMINATION
.
141
2.
SOLICITATION
OF
NEW
CUSTOMERS
OR
MATERIAL
EXPANSION
OF
EXISTING
BUSINESS
RELATIONS
.
141
3.
NEWCUSTOMER
.
141
4.
MATERIAL
EXPANSION
OF
EXISTING
BUSINESS
RELATIONS
.
141
5.
SOLICITING
BY
THE
AGENT
.
142
6.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
SUBSTANTIAL
ADVANTAGES
.
142
A)
REGULAR
CUSTOMERS
.
142
AA)
PRINCIPAL
'
S
FUTURE
GAINS
.
142
BB)
USE
OF
THE
CUSTOMER
BASE
.
143
B)
CHURN
RATE
.
143
C)
AGENT
'
S
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTIVITY
.
143
D)
NO
SUBSTANTIAL
ADVANTAGE
.
143
E)
FORECAST
.
144
7.
EQUITABLENESS
.
145
A)
DEFINITION
AND
IDENTIFICATION
.
145
B)
CASE
LAW
.
145
C)
COMPREHENSIVE
OVERALL
ASSESSMENT
.
146
D)
POINTINTIME
.
146
E)
BURDEN
OF
PROOF
.
146
III.
CALCULATION
OF
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
146
1.
CALCULATION
PURSUANT
TO
THE
FORECASTED
COMMISSION
LOSSES
.
147
2.
CALCULATION
EXAMPLE
.
148
3.
CALCULATION
PURSUANT
TO
THE
CAP
.
148
XXII
IV.
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
AGENT
'
S
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
148
1.
TERMINATION
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
149
A)
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
149
B)
SUFFICIENT
GROUNDS
.
149
C)
AGENTS
HEALTH
OR
AGE
.
149
2.
LEGITIMATE
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
BY
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
150
3.
SHIFT
OF
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATION
TO
A
THIRD
PARTY
.
150
4.
EXCLUSION
FOR
AGENCIES
BASED
OUTSIDE
OF
EUROPE
.
150
A)
ACTIVITY
OUTSIDE
EUROPE
.
150
B)
DETERMINING
THE
PLACE
.
151
C)
EXPRESS
OR
IMPLIED
AMENDMENT
.
151
5.
CHOICE
OFLAW
.
151
A)
FREE
CHOICE
OFLAW
.
151
B)
CONSTRAINTS
UNDER
THE
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
151
C)
INGMAR
DECISION
.
152
6.
CONTRACTUAL
EXCLUSION
AFTER
TERMINATION
.
152
7.
UPFRONT
PAYMENT
.
153
A)
DEFINITION
AND
CONDITIONS
.
153
B)
REMAINING
LEGAL
UNCERTAINTY
.
153
C)
EXECUTION
OF
AN
UPFRONT
PAYMENT
.
154
V.
PRECLUSIVE
PERIOD
AND
LIMITATION
.
154
1.
PRECLUSIVE
PERIOD
.
154
2.
LIMITATION
.
154
VI.
ACCOUNTING
.
155
CHAPTER
12.
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
156
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
156
I.
SIGNIFICANCE
.
156
II.
DEFINITION
.
156
III.
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
.
157
B.
FORMATION
.
157
C.
CONTENT
.
158
I.
TERRITORY
.
158
II.
CONTRACT
PRODUCTS
.
158
III.
ORDER
PROCESS
.
159
IV.
EXCLUSIVITY
.
159
V.
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
OBLIGATIONS
.
160
1.
FIDUCIARY
DUTY
.
160
2.
SALES
PROMOTION
.
160
3.
ACTING
IN
HIS
OWN
NAME
.
160
4.
MAINTAINING
THE
LEGAL
FORM
.
160
5.
REPORT
AND
PROTECTION
OF
TRADE
SECRETS
.
161
VI.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATIONS
.
161
1.
FIDUCIARY
OBLIGATION
.
161
2.
OBLIGATION
TO
TO
INFORM
.
161
3.
OBLIGATION
TO
PROVIDE
ADVERTISING
MATERIAL
.
161
4.
EQUAL
TREATMENT
.
161
5.
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
162
6.
SUPPLY
.
162
A)
REDUCED
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
162
B)
CONTRACT
DESIGN
.
162
XXIII
C)
ALLOCATION
IN
CASE
OF
SUPPLY
DIFFICULTIES
.
163
D)
SPARE
PART
DISTRIBUTION
.
163
E)
DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS
.
163
F)
POST-CONTRACTUAL
SUPPLY
OF
SPARE
PARTS
.
163
VII.
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
REMUNERATION
.
164
1.
RIGHT
TO
USE
TRADEMARKS
.
164
2.
LIST-PRICE
DISCOUNT
.
164
3.
REIMBURSEMENT
OF
EXPENSES
.
164
VIII.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
164
D.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
SUPPLEMENTAL
AGREEMENTS
.
165
I.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
165
II.
AGREEMENT
TO
MAINTAIN
A
SERVICE
AND
REPAIR
SHOP
.
165
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
166
I.
NO
RESTRAINT
OF
COMPETITION
.
166
II.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
167
1.
INVALIDITY
.
167
2.
FINES
.
167
3.
PROHIBITION
ORDER
.
167
4.
CARTEL
DAMAGES
CLAIMS
.
168
III.
APPRECIABLE
EFFECT
AND
DE
MINIMIS
NOTICE
.
168
IV.
BLOCK
EXEMPTION
REGULATIONS
.
168
1.
SYSTEM
OF
BLOCK
EXEMPTIONS
.
168
2.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
OF
VERTICAL-BER
.
169
A)
MARKET
SHARE
THRESHOLD
.
169
B)
HARDCORE
RESTRICTIONS
.
169
C)
EXCLUDED
RESTRICTIONS
.
169
D)
WITHDRAWAL
AND
INAPPLICABILITY
.
169
E)
VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS
OUTSIDE
THE
SCOPE
.
170
V.
EXAMPLES
.
170
1.
EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASE
OBLIGATION
.
170
2.
EXCLUSIVE
DISTRIBUTION
RIGHT
.
170
3.
RESALE
PRICE
MAINTENANCE
.
171
4.
NON-COMPETE
FOR
THE
DISTRIBUTOR
.
171
5.
NON-COMPETE
FOR
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
171
6.
ONLINE
DISTRIBUTION
.
171
7.
RESALE
PRICE
MAINTENANCE
.
172
8.
RESTRICTIONS
ON
USE
.
172
9.
SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION
.
173
10.
SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENTS
.
174
11.
TYING
.
174
12.
UPFRONT
ACCESS
PAYMENT
.
174
F.
TERM
AND
TERMINATION
.
175
I.
TERM
OF
THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
175
II.
CONSECUTIVE
OR
'
CHAIN'AGREEMENTS
AND
PROBATION
TIME
.
175
III.
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
176
1.
ANALOGOUS
APPLICATION
OF
§
89
HGB
.
176
2.
TERMINATION
PURSUANT
TO
§624
BGB
.
176
3.
PROHIBITION
OF
UNFAIR
OBSTRUCTION
.
176
4.
TERM
REVIEW
.
177
XXIV
IV.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
177
1.
CONDITIONS
.
177
2.
PRACTICAL
REMARKS
.
178
G.
INVESTMENT
COMPENSATION
.
178
H.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
179
I.
LEGAL
SITUATION
BETWEEN
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
AND
CESSATION
OF
BUSINESS
.
179
II.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
179
III.
RETURN
OF
REMAINING
STOCK
AND
SPARE
PARTS
.
179
1.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATION
TO
BUY
BACK
REMAINING
STOCK
.
180
2.
PRINCIPAL'S
RIGHT
TO
BUY
BACK
REMAINING
STOCK
.
180
IV.
RETURN
OF
ADVERTISING
MATERIAL
.
180
V.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATION
.
180
VI.
PROTECTION
OF
BUSINESS
AND
TRADE
SECRETS
.
181
I.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
181
I.
ANALOGOUS
APPLICATION
OF
§
89B
HGB
.
181
1.
INTEGRATION
INTO
THE
PRINCIPAL
'
S
SALES
ORGANISATION
.
182
2.
TRANSFER
OF
CUSTOMER
DATA
TO
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
182
A)
CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATION
.
182
B)
SCOPE
OF
DATA
TRANSFER
.
183
II.
CONDITIONS
OF
§
89B
HGB
.
184
1.
GROSS
MARGIN
.
184
2.
DEDUCTIONS
NOT
TYPICAL
FOR
DEALERS
.
184
III.
EXCLUSION
OF
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
185
1.
EXCLUSION
BY
AGREEMENT
.
185
2.
CHOICEOFLAW
.
185
3.
FURTHER
OPTIONS
.
185
CHAPTER
13.
COMMISSION
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
186
A.
DEFINITION
.
186
B.
CONTRACTUAL
RELATIONS
.
186
C.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
187
D.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
187
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
188
CHAPTER
14.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENT
.
189
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
189
B.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
190
C.
TYPES
OF
FRANCHISING
AND
ITS
REGULATION
.
190
D.
BENEFITS
OF
FRANCHISING
.
191
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
191
F.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
192
I.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
192
II.
PRE-CONTRACTUAL
INFORMATION
.
192
1.
FRANCHISOR
'
S
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
192
2.
FRANCHISEE
'
S
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
192
3.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
193
III.
EMPLOYEE
STATUS
.
193
IV.
COMPETITION
LAW
IN
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
.
193
1.
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
'
S
GUIDANCE
ON
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
.
194
2.
VERTICAL-BER.
194
XXV
3.
INDIVIDUAL
EXEMPTION
.
195
V.
FRANCHISING
AND
CONSUMER
PROTECTION
.
195
VI.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
AS
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
196
G.
TERMINATION
.
196
I.
ORDINARY
AND
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
196
1.
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
196
2.
DISTRIBUTION-BASED
FRANCHISING
.
196
II.
FRANCHISEES
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
197
III.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
197
CHAPTER
15.
TRANSPORT AND
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
198
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
198
B.
CONTENT
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
.
199
C.
THE
TRANSPORT
PROCESS
.
199
D.
LIABILITY
.
199
I.
DAMAGE
TO
GOODS
.
199
II.
OTHER
BREACHES
OF
DUTY
.
200
III.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENTS
.
200
IV.
EXTENT
OF
LIABILITY
.
200
V.
WHEN
THE
LIMITATION
OF
LIABILITY
DOES
NOT
APPLY
.
200
1.
VICARIOUS
LIABILITY
.
200
2.
LIABILITY
FOR
INTENTIONAL
ACTS
OR
OMISSIONS
.
201
A)
INTENTIONAL
ACTS
OR
OMISSIONS
.
201
B)
EVIDENCE
.
201
E.
OTHER
MANDATORY
PROVISIONS
IN
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
202
I.
CMR
.
202
II.
GERMAN
FORWARDING
AGENTS
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
202
F.
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
.
202
I.
PROVISIONS
OF
GERMAN
LAW
IN
GENERAL
.
203
II.
SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
.
203
1.
UNIFORM
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
203
2.
DIFFERENT
MEANS
OF
TRANSPORT
.
203
3.
APPLICATION
OF
LEGAL
PROVISIONS
TO
HYPOTHETICAL
SECTIONS
OF
THE
ROUTE
204
III.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
204
IV.
LIABILITY
PROVISIONS
FOR
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
ACCORDING
TO
EUROPEAN
AND
NATIONAL
LAW
.
204
1.
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
205
2.
KNOWN
PLACE
OF
DAMAGE
.
205
3.
UNKNOWN
PLACE
OF
DAMAGE
.
205
4.
ORDER
OF
APPLICATION
.
205
5.
NO
OVERRIDING
INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS
.
205
V.
NOTICE
OF
DAMAGE;
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
206
G.
MARITIME
LAW
AND
LIABILITY
.
206
H.
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
206
I.
GOODS
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
207
1.
INSURANCE
BENEFICIARY
.
207
2.
INSURANCE
COVERAGE
.
207
3.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
207
II.
FREIGHT
FORWARDERS
LIABILITY
INSURANCE
.
207
I.
INTERNATIONAL
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
208
XXVI
CHAPTER
16.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
209
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
209
B.
PARTIES
'
OBLIGATIONS
.
209
I.
STORING
PARTY
.
209
II.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
.
210
C.
SPECIAL
FORM
OF
WAREHOUSING:
CONSIGNMENT
STOCK
WAREHOUSE
CONTRACT
.
210
I.
DEFINITION
.
210
II.
ADVANTAGES
.
210
III.
OTHER
FORMS
OF
WAREHOUSING
.
211
D.
WAREHOUSE
WARRANT
.
211
E.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
'
S
LIABILITY
.
211
I.
LIABILITY
FOR
PRESUMED
FAULT
.
211
II.
COMPENSATION
FOR
LOSS
OF
PROFIT
.
211
III.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
212
IV.
LIMITATION
.
212
F.
IMPORTANT
CONTENT
.
212
CHAPTER
17.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
213
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
213
B.
OBLIGATIONS
IMPOSED
BY
THE
LKSG
IN
A
NUTSHELL
.
213
C.
DEFINITION
OF
THE
RELEVANT
RISKS
.
214
D.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
WHEN
CONCLUDING
NEW
CONTRACTS
.
214
I.
CONTRACTUAL
ASSURANCE
OF
THE
DIRECT
SUPPLIER
.
214
II.
DO
'
S
AND
DON
'
TS
IN
PRACTICE
.
215
III.
CONTRACTUAL
CONTROL
MECHANISMS
OF
THE
COMPANY
.
215
IV.
INDEMNIFICATION
FOR
VIOLATION
OF
HUMAN
RIGHTS-RELATED
OR
ENVIRONMEN
TAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
215
E.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
FOR
EXISTING
CONTRACTS
.
216
F.
RISKANALYSIS
.
216
G.
AFTER
THE
IDENTIFICATION
OFARISK
.
217
PART
II
RELEVANT
STATUTORY
MATERIALS
A.
EXCERPTS
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
CODE
.
219
B.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
291
C.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
307
PART
III
GERMAN-ENGLISH
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
.
313
INDEX
.
319
XXVII |
| adam_txt |
SUMMARY
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
V
AUTHOR
.
VII
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.
XXIX
INTRODUCTORY
REMARKS
.
XXXIII
PART
I
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
IN
GERMANY
CHAPTER
1.
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
LAW
OF
CONTRACTS
.
1
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
B.
FORMATION
OF
CONTRACTS
.
2
C.
PAVING
THE
WAY
FOR
A
CONTRACT
.
9
D.
INEFFECTIVENESS
.
12
E.
EXECUTION
.
18
F.
EXTINCTION
AND
TERMINATION
.
24
G.
CONTRACTS
IN
THE
DIGITAL
AGE
.
33
CHAPTER
2.
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
35
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
35
B.
THE
GERMAN
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
35
C.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
36
D.
CONFLICTING
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
38
E.
CONTENT
THAT
CAN
BE
SUBJECT
TO
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
39
F.
TYPICAL
STANDARD
TERMS
IN
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
.
39
G.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
UNFAIR
STANDARD
TERMS
.
41
H.
CARRYING
OUT
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
42
I.
CIRCUMVENTION
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
43
J.
HOW
DO
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
BECOME
PART
OF
THE
PARTY
'
S
AGREEMENT?
44
K.
INCLUSION
OF
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
IN
B2B
CONTRACTS
IN
PRACTICE
.
44
L.
PROS
AND
CONS
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
47
CHAPTER
3.
CONTRACTS
IN
CORPORATE
CRISIS
AND
INSOLVENCY
.
48
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
48
B.
GENERAL
SYNOPSIS
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
48
C.
PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
OF
CREDITORS
.
56
CHAPTER
4.
INTERNATIONAL
CONTRACT
LAW
.
58
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
58
B.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
58
C.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
62
D.
BREXIT
WOES
.
66
E.
MADE
IN
GERMANY:
REASONS
FOR
THE
CHOICE
OF
GERMAN
LAW
.
68
IX
CHAPTER
5.
DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT
.
70
A.
LITIGATION
VS
ARBITRATION
.
70
B.
COLLECTIVE
REDRESS
.
74
CHAPTER
6.
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
76
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
76
B.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
76
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
78
D.
BUYERS
CLAIM
FOR
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTIVE
GOODS
.
83
E.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
FROM
THE
STATUTORY
WARRANTY
REGIME
.
85
F.
GUARANTEE
.
87
G.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
IN
THE
SUPPLY
CHAIN
.
88
CHAPTER
7.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
90
A.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
90
B.
CIVIL
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
91
C.
PRODUCT
RECALL
.
96
D.
AFTER
DISCOVERING
A
PRODUCT
DEFECT
.
100
E.
CONFLICT
OF
LAWS
.
101
F.
JURISDICTION
.
104
CHAPTER
8.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
AGREEMENT
.
105
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
105
B.
DEFINITION
.
105
C.
MAIN
LEGAL
ISSUES
.
106
D.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
107
CHAPTER
9.
CONFIDENTIALITY
AGREEMENT
.
109
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
109
B.
STATUTORY
PARAMETERS
.
109
C.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
110
CHAPTER
10.
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENT
.
113
A.
TYPES
OF
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENTS
.
113
B.
GENERAL
CONTENT
.
113
C.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
114
CHAPTER
11.
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
117
A.
DEFINITION
.
117
B.
TYPES
OF
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
.
119
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
119
D.
DRAFTING
.
126
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
127
F.
TERMINATION
.
128
G.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
135
H.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
140
CHAPTER
12.
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
156
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
156
B.
FORMATION
.
157
C.
CONTENT
.
158
D.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
SUPPLEMENTAL
AGREEMENTS
.
165
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
166
F.
TERM
AND
TERMINATION
.
175
X
G.
INVESTMENT COMPENSATION
.
178
H.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
179
I.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
181
CHAPTER
13.
COMMISSION
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
186
A.
DEFINITION
.
186
B.
CONTRACTUAL
RELATIONS
.
186
C.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
187
D.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
187
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
188
CHAPTER
14.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENT
.
189
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
189
B.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
190
C.
TYPES
OF
FRANCHISING
AND
ITS
REGULATION
.
190
D.
BENEFITS
OF
FRANCHISING
.
191
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
191
F.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
192
G.
TERMINATION
.
196
CHAPTER
15.
TRANSPORT
AND
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
198
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
198
B.
CONTENT
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
.
199
C.
THE
TRANSPORT
PROCESS
.
199
D.
LIABILITY
.
199
E.
OTHER
MANDATORY
PROVISIONS
IN
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
202
F.
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
.
202
G.
MARITIME
LAW
AND
LIABILITY
.
206
H.
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
206
I.
INTERNATIONAL
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
208
CHAPTER
16.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
209
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
209
B.
PARTIES
'
OBLIGATIONS
.
209
C.
SPECIAL
FORM
OF
WAREHOUSING:
CONSIGNMENT
STOCK
WAREHOUSE
CONTRACT
.
210
D.
WAREHOUSE
WARRANT
.
211
E.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
'
S
LIABILITY
.
211
F.
IMPORTANT
CONTENT
.
212
CHAPTER
17.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
213
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
213
B.
OBLIGATIONS
IMPOSED
BY
THE
LKSG
IN
A
NUTSHELL
.
213
C.
DEFINITION
OF
THE
RELEVANT
RISKS
.
214
D.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
WHEN
CONCLUDING
NEW
CONTRACTS
.
214
E.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
FOR
EXISTING
CONTRACTS
.
216
F.
RISK
ANALYSIS
.
216
G.
AFTER
THE
IDENTIFICATION
OF
A
RISK
.
217
XI
PART
II
RELEVANT
STATUTORY
MATERIALS
A.
EXCERPTS
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
CODE
.
219
B.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
291
C.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
307
PART
III
GERMAN-ENGLISH
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
.
313
INDEX
.
319
XII
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
V
AUTHOR
.
VII
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.
XXIX
INTRODUCTORY
REMARKS
.
XXXIII
PART
I
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
IN
GERMANY
CHAPTER
1.
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
LAW
OF
CONTRACTS
.
1
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
B.
FORMATION
OF
CONTRACTS
.
2
I.
OFFER
AND
ACCEPTANCE
.
2
1.
DEFINITION
.
2
2.
OFFER
.
3
3.
ESSENTIALIA
NEGOTII
.
3
4.
ACCEPTANCE
.
3
II.
INTENT
OF
LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITY
.
4
III.
SILENCE
AS
A
DECLARATION
OF
INTENT
.
4
1.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
4
2.
SILENCE
IN
COMMERCIAL
RELATIONS
.
5
3.
COMMERCIAL
LETTER
OF
CONFIRMATION
.
5
IV.
AGENCY
.
5
1.
ELEMENTS
OF
AGENCY
.
6
2.
GENERAL
COMMERCIAL
AUTHORITY
.
7
3.
APPARENT
AND
TOLERATED
AUTHORITY
.
7
A)
APPARENT
AUTHORITY
.
7
B)
TOLERATED
AUTHORITY
.
7
4.
AGENCY
AND
CERTAIN
TYPES
OF
DISTRIBUTION
.
8
5.
UNAUTHORISED
AGENCY
.
8
V.
LEGAL
CAPACITY;
CAPACITY
TO
CONTRACT
.
8
1.
BEGINNING
AND
END
.
8
2.
DEFINITION
.
8
VI.
MULTILATERAL
AGREEMENTS
.
9
C.
PAVING
THE
WAY
FOR
A
CONTRACT
.
9
I.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
.
9
II.
CONTRACT
NEGOTIATION
.
10
III.
LETTER
OF
INTENT
.
11
IV.
PRE-CONTRACT
.
11
V.
OPTION
CONTRACT
.
12
VI.
CULPA
IN
CONTRAHENDO
AND
ABANDONMENT
OF
NEGOTIATIONS
.
12
XIII
D.
INEFFECTIVENESS
.
12
I.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
13
1.
GENERAL
.
13
2.
TYPES
.
13
3.
FUNCTIONS
.
13
4.
EXTENT
.
13
5.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
14
II.
STATUTORY
PROHIBITIONS
.
14
III.
LEGAL
TRANSACTION
CONTRARY
TO
PUBLIC
POLICY
.
14
IV.
LACK
OF
SERIOUSNESS
AND
SHAM
TRANSACTION
.
15
V.
AVOIDANCE
.
15
1.
MISTAKE
.
16
A)
CONTENT
AND
MEANING
.
16
B)
EXPRESSION
.
16
C)
CHARACTERISTICS
.
16
D)
TRANSMISSION
.
17
2.
DECEIT
OR
DURESS
.
17
A)
DECEIT
.
17
B)
DURESS
.
17
3.
PERIOD
FOR
DECLARATION
OF
AVOIDANCE
.
18
VI.
INVALIDITY
AND
PARTIAL
INVALIDITY
.
18
E.
EXECUTION
.
18
I.
PERFORMANCE
OF
OBLIGATIONS
.
18
1.
TYPES
OF
OBLIGATIONS
.
18
2.
CLAIM
FOR
PERFORMANCE
.
19
A)
SUB-CONTRACTING
.
19
B)
MAIN
CONTRACTOR
.
19
II.
WRITTEN
AND
UNWRITTEN
CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
19
1.
MANDATORY
LAW
.
19
2.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
PROTECTIVE
OBLIGATIONS
.
20
III.
GAPS
AND
INTERPRETATION
.
20
1.
INTERPRETATION
.
20
2.
STANDARD
OF
INTERPRETATION
.
20
3.
FOUR-STEP
TEST
.
21
4.
LEGAL
ASSUMPTIONS
.
21
IV.
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
21
1.
CONTRACT
TYPES
PROVIDED
BY
LAW
.
21
2.
DEVELOPED
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
21
V.
MODIFICATION
AND
CHANGE
.
22
1.
CONTRACT
MODIFICATIONS
.
22
2.
CONTRACT
CHANGE
CLAUSES
.
22
3.
PRICE
INDEX
CLAUSES
.
22
4.
DOCTRINE
OF
INTERFERENCE
WITH
THE
BASIS
OF
TRANSACTION
.
23
5.
PRICE
ADAPTION
IN
TIMES
OF
COVID-19,
ARMED
CONFLICT,
AND
INFLATION
.
23
F.
EXTINCTION
AND
TERMINATION
.
24
I.
EXTINCTION
BY
PERFORMANCE,
IMPOSSIBILITY,
AND
SET-OFF
.
24
II.
REVOCATION,
RESCISSION,
AND
CANCELLATION
.
24
1.
REVOCATION
.
24
2.
RESCISSION
.
24
3.
CANCELLATION
.
25
XIV
III.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
25
1.
GENERAL
.
25
2.
TYPES
OF
TERMINATION
.
26
A)
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
26
B)
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITHOUT
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
26
C)
GOOD
REASON
.
26
D)
EXTRAORDINARY
TERMINATION
WITH
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
27
3.
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
.
27
A)
REQUIREMENTS
.
27
B)
PITFALLS
WHEN
DECLARING
TERMINATION
.
27
4.
FORM
.
28
5.
PROPER
AUTHORISATION
.
28
A)
GENERAL
.
28
B)
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
RIGHT
TO
REJECT
.
28
C)
CONDITIONS
OF
§
174
BGB
.
29
D)
REJECTING
THE
REJECTION
.
29
6.
TRANSMISSION
OF
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
29
A)
COURIER
.
30
B)
REGISTERED
LETTER
.
30
C)
ORDINARY
LETTER
.
30
D)
EMAIL
.
30
E)
DELIVERY
BY
HAND
.
31
IV.
LIMITATION
.
31
1.
DEFINITION
OF
CLAIM
.
31
2.
STANDARD
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
31
3.
COMMENCEMENT
OF
LIMITATION
.
32
4.
SUSPENSION
AND
RECOMMENCEMENT
.
32
A)
SUSPENSION
.
32
B)
RECOMMENCEMENT
.
33
5.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
33
G.
CONTRACTS
IN
THE
DIGITAL
AGE
.
33
CHAPTER
2.
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
35
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
35
B.
THE
GERMAN
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
35
C.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
36
I.
STANDARD
CONTRACT
TERMS
.
36
II.
PRE-FORMULATION
.
36
III.
INTENDED
FOR
REPEATED
USE
.
37
IV.
IMPOSING
STANDARD
TERMS
.
37
V.
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
AMONG
ENTREPRENEURS
.
38
D.
CONFLICTING
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
38
E.
CONTENT
THAT
CAN
BE
SUBJECT
TO
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
39
F.
TYPICAL
STANDARD
TERMS
IN
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
.
39
G.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
UNFAIR
STANDARD
TERMS
.
41
H.
CARRYING
OUT
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
42
I.
CIRCUMVENTION
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
43
J.
HOW
DO
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
BECOME
PART
OF
THE
PARTY
'
S
AGREEMENT?
44
K.
INCLUSION
OF
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
IN
B2B
CONTRACTS
IN
PRACTICE
.
44
L.
PROS
AND
CONS
OF
THE
TEST
OF
REASONABLENESS
.
47
XV
CHAPTER
3.
CONTRACTS
IN
CORPORATE
CRISIS
AND
INSOLVENCY
.
48
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
48
B.
GENERAL
SYNOPSIS
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
48
I.
FILING
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
48
1.
OBLIGATION
TO
FILE
.
48
2.
TIME
PERIOD
.
49
3.
SIGNS
OF
A
CORPORATE
CRISIS
.
49
II.
REASONS
TO
FILE
A
REQUEST
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
50
1.
IMMINENT
ILLIQUIDITY
.
50
2.
ILLIQUIDITY
.
50
3.
OVERINDEBTEDNESS
.
50
III.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
A
BREACH
OF
THE
OBLIGATION
TO
FILE
A
REQUEST
FOR
INSOLVENCY
.
50
1.
CIVIL
LAW
SANCTIONS
.
51
2.
CRIMINAL
LAW
SANCTIONS
.
51
IV.
PRELIMINARY
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
51
1.
PRELIMINARY
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
.
51
2.
OBLIGATIONS
OF
THE
WEAK
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
.
52
3.
INSOLVENCY
PAYMENTS
.
52
4.
SUPPLIER
RISKS
.
52
V.
OPENING
OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
52
1.
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
'
S
COMPETENCE
.
52
2.
INSOLVENCY
ADMINISTRATOR
'
S
OPTION
OF
PERFORMANCE
.
53
VI.
RIGHT
TO
CONTEST
AND
ANNUL
PREVIOUS
TRANSACTIONS
.
53
VII.
TREATMENT
OF
CLAIMS
IN
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDINGS
.
54
1.
SEPARATION
AND
PREFERENTIAL
RIGHTS
.
54
2.
CLAIMS
AGAINST
THE
INSOLVENCY
ESTATE
.
54
3.
GENERAL
INSOLVENCY
CLAIMS
.
54
4.
SUBORDINATED
CREDITORS
.
55
VIII.
CREDITORS
'
PARTICIPATION
IN
THE
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDING
.
55
1.
REGISTRATIONS
OF
CLAIMS
.
55
2.
CREDITORS
'
MEETING
.
55
3.
CREDITORS
'
COMMITTEE
.
56
C.
PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
OF
CREDITORS
.
56
I.
RETENTION
OF
TITLE
.
56
II.
PRIVILEGED
CASH
TRANSACTION
.
57
III.
PREPAYMENT
.
57
IV.
INDIVIDUAL
COURT
AUTHORISATION
.
57
CHAPTER
4.
INTERNATIONAL
CONTRACT
LAW
.
58
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
58
B.
SOURCES
OF
LAW
.
58
I.
UNITED
NATIONS
CONVENTION
ON
CONTRACTS
FOR
THE
INTERNATIONAL
SALE
OF
GOODS
(CISG)
.
58
1.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
59
A)
SALE
OF
GOODS
.
59
B)
INTERNATIONALITY
.
59
C)
CISG
NOT
SUSPENDED
.
59
2.
SCOPE
OF
CISG
REGULATION
.
60
A)
REGULATED
ISSUES
.
60
B)
UNREGULATED
ISSUES
.
60
XVI
3.
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
GERMAN
SALES
LAW
AND
CISG
.
60
II.
EU
DIRECTIVE
ON
CONTRACTS
FOR
THE
SUPPLY
OF
DIGITAL
CONTENT
AND
DIGI
TAL
SERVICES
.
61
III.
INCOTERMS
2020
.
61
1.
DEFINITION
.
61
2.
ORIGIN
.
62
3.
SCOPE
.
62
4.
CLASSIFICATION
.
62
C.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
62
I.
STEP
1:
IDENTIFYING
THE
JURISDICTION
.
63
II.
STEP
2:
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
SUBSTANTIVE
LAW
.
63
1.
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
63
2.
CHOICEOFLAW
.
64
III.
FREEDOM
OF
CHOICE
OFLAW
AND
ITS
LIMITATIONS
.
64
1.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
64
2.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
3(3)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
3.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
3(4)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
4.
LIMITATION
PURSUANT
TO
ARTICLE
9(2)
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
65
5.
EXCLUSION
OF
RESTRAINTS
IN
ARBITRATION
.
65
D.
BREXIT
WOES
.
66
I.
ANTI-SUIT
INJUNCTION
.
66
II.
FORUM
NON
CONVENIENS
.
66
III.
CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENT
ON
THE
CHOICE
OF
COURT
.
67
IV.
APPLICABLE
SUBSTANTIVE
LAW
.
67
V.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
67
E.
MADE
IN
GERMANY:
REASONS
FOR
THE
CHOICE
OF
GERMAN
LAW
.
68
I.
PREDICTABILITY
.
68
II.
DEFAULT
RULES
.
68
III.
LOWCOSTS
.
68
IV.
EFFICIENT
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
.
69
CHAPTER
5.
DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT
.
70
A.
LITIGATION
VS
ARBITRATION
.
70
I.
LITIGATION
.
70
1.
APPEALS
SYSTEM
.
70
2.
MULTI-PARTY
DISPUTES
.
71
3.
MORE
COMPREHENSIVE
POWERS
OF
JUDGES
TO
CONDUCT
THE
PROCEEDINGS
.
71
II.
ARBITRATION
.
71
1.
CONFIDENTIALITY
.
71
2.
NEUTRALITY
OF
FORUM
.
72
3.
EFFICIENCY
OF
ARBITRATION
AND
ENFORCEABILITY
OF
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
.
72
4.
FLEXIBILITY
.
73
III.
LITIGATION
OR
ARBITRATION?
.
73
1.
CONSIDERATIONS
.
73
2.
ARBITRATION
CLAUSE
.
73
3.
JURISDICTION
CLAUSE
.
74
A)
DOMESTIC
BUSINESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
74
B)
CROSS-BORDER
BUSINESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
74
B.
COLLECTIVE
REDRESS
.
74
XVII
CHAPTER
6.
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
76
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
76
B.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
76
I.
ESSENTIAL
CONTENT
.
76
II.
FORM
.
76
III.
OBJECT
OF
THE
PURCHASE
AGREEMENT
.
77
IV.
SPECIAL
TYPES
OF
SALE
.
77
V.
SPECIFIC
PROVISIONS
OF
COMMERCIAL
LAW
.
77
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
78
I.
SELLER
.
78
1.
HANDING
OVER
THE
PURCHASED
ITEM
.
78
A)
PLACE
AND
TIME
OF
PERFORMANCE
.
78
B)
COSTS
.
78
2.
PROVIDING
OWNERSHIP
.
78
3.
ABSENCE
OF
DEFECTS
.
79
A)
FREE
FROM
DEFECTS
.
79
B)
PARTY
AGREEMENT
.
79
C)
SUITABILITY
FOR
INTENDED
USE
.
79
D)
SUITABILITY
FOR
CUSTOMARY
USE
.
79
E)
BURDEN
OF
PROOF
.
80
II.
BUYER
.
80
1.
PAYMENT
AND
ACCEPTANCE
OFTHE
DELIVERY
.
80
A)
PURCHASE
PRICE
.
80
B)
MODE
OF
PAYMENT
.
80
C)
PROBLEM
IN
INVOICE
.
81
D)
ACCEPTANCE
OF
DELIVERY
.
81
2.
EXAMINATION
OF
GOODS
AND
OBJECTION
TO
DEFECTS
.
81
A)
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
81
B)
PROMPT
EXAMINATION
.
81
C)
TIMELINE
.
81
D)
EXTENT
OF
EXAMINATION
.
82
E)
OBJECTION
TO
DEFECTS
.
82
F)
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
OMISSION
.
82
G)
CONTRACTUAL
ALTERATION
.
83
D.
BUYERS
CLAIM
FOR
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTIVE
GOODS
.
83
I.
RECTIFICATION
OF
DEFECTS
.
83
II.
NO
SELF-REMEDY
.
84
III.
RESCISSION
.
84
IV.
PRICE
REDUCTION
.
84
V.
EXCLUSION
.
84
VI.
LIMITATION
.
85
E.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
FROM
THE
STATUTORY
WARRANTY
REGIME
.
85
I.
LUMP
SUM
PAYMENTS
FOR
DAMAGES
.
85
II.
ADDITIONAL
CHECKS
AND
CONTROLS
.
86
III.
REJECTION
OF
FUTURE
DELIVERIES
.
86
IV.
SELF-REMEDY
OF
DEFECTS
.
87
F.
GUARANTEE
.
87
G.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
IN
THE
SUPPLY
CHAIN
.
88
I.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLE
.
88
1.
NO
REQUIREMENT
TO
SET
A
TIME
LIMIT
.
88
XVIII
2.
REVERSAL
OFBURDEN
OFPROOF
.
88
II.
LIMITED
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
.
89
III.
LIMITATION
.
89
IV.
ENTREPRENEURIAL
RECOURSE
FOR
DIGITAL
PRODUCTS
.
89
CHAPTER?.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
90
A.
SOURCES
OFLAW
.
90
B.
CIVIL
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
.
91
I.
CONDITIONS
AND
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
91
1.
CONDITIONS
.
91
2.
CAPPING
.
91
3.
DEFINITION
OF
PRODUCT
.
91
4.
DEFECT
.
92
5.
POTENTIAL
DEFENDANT
.
92
6.
SUPPLIER
LIABILITY
.
93
7.
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
93
8.
DEFENDANT
'
S
ARGUMENTS
TO
PROTECT
HIMSELF
.
93
9.
NO
EXCLUSION
OFLIABILITY
.
94
II.
PRODUCER
LIABILITY
.
94
1.
GENERAL
.
94
2.
PRODUCER
'
S
UNLAWFUL
BEHAVIOUR
.
94
3.
VIOLATION
OF
A
PROTECTED
RIGHT
OR
INTEREST
.
95
4.
CULPABILITY
AND
DAMAGE
.
95
A)
PRACTICAL
GUIDANCE
REGARDING
CULPABILITY
.
95
B)
DAMAGE
AND
CAUSATION
.
96
5.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
96
III.
CONTRACTUAL
LIABILITY
.
96
C.
PRODUCT
RECALL
.
96
I.
MANUFACTURER
'
S
GENERAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
96
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
.
96
2.
BASIC
LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS
OF
THE
PRODUCT
SAFETY
ACT
.
97
3.
CAREFUL
CONSIDERATION
.
97
4.
TYPES
OFPRODUCT
RECALLS
.
98
II.
CLAIM
TO
RECALL
A
PRODUCT
.
98
III.
OFFICIALLY
ORDERED
RECALL
.
98
IV.
RECALL
MANAGEMENT
.
98
1.
IMPLEMENTING
QUALITY
CONTROL
.
98
2.
ENSURING
TRACEABILITY
.
99
3.
MONITORING
.
99
4.
RECALL
TEAM
.
99
V.
PRACTICAL
INSTRUCTIONS
.
99
D.
AFTER
DISCOVERING
A
PRODUCT
DEFECT
.
100
I.
FACT
FINDING
.
100
II.
RISK
ASSESSMENT
.
100
III.
CONTACT
WITH
REGULATOR
.
100
E.
CONFLICT
OF
LAWS
.
101
I.
GENERAL
CONCEPT
.
101
II.
DETERMINING
THE
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
101
1.
SEVEN-STEP
TEST
.
101
2.
LOI
UNIFORME
.
103
XIX
III.
RULES
ON
SAFETY
AND
CONDUCT
.
103
IV.
MULTIPLE
LIABILITY
AND
RECOURSE
.
103
F.
JURISDICTION
.
104
CHAPTER
8.
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
AGREEMENT
.
105
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
105
B.
DEFINITION
.
105
I.
GENERAL
.
105
II.
TERM
REVIEW
.
105
III.
AVOIDING
OVERLAPPING
REGULATION
.
106
C.
MAIN
LEGAL
ISSUES
.
106
I.
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
DUTY
TO
OBJECT
TO
DEFECTS
.
106
II.
MINIMISING
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
RISKS
.
107
D.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
107
CHAPTER
9.
CONFIDENTIALITY
AGREEMENT
.
109
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
109
B.
STATUTORY
PARAMETERS
.
109
C.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
110
I.
DEFINITION
.
110
II.
EXTENT
OF
NON-DISCLOSURE
OBLIGATION
.
110
III.
EXCEPTIONS
.
111
IV.
STORAGE
OF
CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION
.
111
V.
RETURN
OF
CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION
.
111
VI.
CONTRACTUAL
PENALTY
.
112
CHAPTER
10.
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENT
.
113
A.
TYPES
OF
FRAMEWORK
AND
SUPPLY
AGREEMENTS
.
113
B.
GENERAL
CONTENT
.
113
C.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
114
I.
EXCLUSIVITY
.
114
1.
EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASE
OBLIGATION
.
114
2.
EXCLUSIVE
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
114
II.
ORDER
PROCESS
.
114
III.
APPLICATION
OF
§§
84
ET
SEQQ.
HGB
BY
ANALOGY
.
115
IV.
TERMINATION
.
115
1.
TYPES
OF
TERMINATION
.
115
2.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
115
3.
COMPELLING
REASON
.
116
V.
ORDER
OF
APPLICATION
.
116
CHAPTER
11.
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
117
A.
DEFINITION
.
117
I.
DISTINCTION
FROM
OTHER
FORMS
OF
DISTRIBUTION
AND
EMPLOYMENT
CON
TRACTS
.
117
1.
COMMISSION
BROKER
.
117
2.
DISTRIBUTOR
.
117
3.
FRANCHISING
.
118
4.
EMPLOYEE
.
118
II.
PSEUDO-INDEPENDENCE
.
118
III.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
119
B.
TYPES
OF
COMMERCIAL
AGENCY
.
119
XX
C.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
119
I.
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
120
1.
MAIN
OBLIGATION
.
120
2.
SECONDARY
OBLIGATIONS
.
120
II.
PRINCIPAL
.
121
1.
COMMISSION
PAYMENT
.
121
A)
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
'
S
COMMISSION
ENTITLEMENT
.
121
AA)
TRANSACTION
SOLICITED
BY
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
122
BB)
CONCURRENTLY
CAUSAL
.
122
CC)
DISTRICT
AGENCY
COMMISSION
.
122
B)
FURTHER
CONDITIONS
FOR
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
'
S
COMMISSION
CLAIM
.
122
AA)
REASONABLE
ADVANCE
.
122
BB)
CUSTOMER
'
S
NON-PERFORMANCE
.
123
CC)
PRINCIPAL
'
S
NON-PERFORMANCE
.
123
DD)
DUE
DATE
OF
COMMISSION
.
123
C)
AMOUNT
OF
COMMISSION
.
123
AA)
COMMISSION
RATE
.
123
BB)
CALCULATION
OF
COMMISSION
.
124
CC)
NO
UNILATERAL
COMMISSION
REDUCTION
.
124
D)
LOSS
OF
THE
COMMISSION
CLAIM
.
124
E)
INVOICING
AND
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
125
AA)
REGULAR
INVOICING
.
125
BB)
CONTENT
OF
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
125
CC)
FORM
.
125
2.
SECONDARY
OBLIGATIONS
.
125
A)
PROVISION
OF
MATERIAL
.
125
B)
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
125
C)
FIDUCIARY
DUTY
AND
DUTY
TO
CARE
.
126
D)
DUTIES
BY
PARTY
AGREEMENT
.
126
D.
DRAFTING
.
126
I.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
126
II.
DO
'
S
AND
DON
'
TS
.
127
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
127
F.
TERMINATION
.
128
I.
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
128
1.
STAGGERED
NOTICE
PERIODS
.
128
2.
EQUALITY
OF
NOTICE
PERIODS
.
129
3.
INDEFINITE
PERIOD
OF
TIME
.
129
4.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
129
5.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
PURSUANT
TO
§
624
BGB
.
129
II.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITHOUT
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
130
1.
IMPORTANT
REASON
.
130
2.
WARNING
LETTER
.
131
3.
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
.
131
4.
DECLARATION
WITHIN
AN
ADEQUATE
TIME
.
132
5.
DAMAGE
COMPENSATION
.
132
A)
WRONGFUL
TERMINATION
.
132
B)
LAWFUL
TERMINATION
.
132
C)
NO
PROTECTION
OF
THE
AGENT
'
S
INVESTMENTS
.
132
XXI
III.
PARTIAL
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
133
IV.
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
WITH
OPTION
TO
CONTINUE
.
133
V.
CANCELLATION
AGREEMENT
.
133
VI.
NO
LEGAL
FORM
REQUIREMENT
.
134
G.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
135
I.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
COMMISSION
CLAIMS
.
135
II.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
135
1.
DURATION
.
135
2.
CONTENT
.
136
3.
FORM
.
136
4.
REASONABLE
NON-COMPETITION
COMPENSATION
.
137
5.
ELIMINATION
OF
THE
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
137
A)
WAIVER
OF
COMPETITION
PROHIBITION
.
137
B)
CANCELLATION
AGREEMENT
.
138
C)
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
138
D)
CLOSURE
OF
BUSINESS
OR
DEATH
.
138
III.
RETURN
OF
SAMPLE
COLLECTION
.
138
IV.
RETURN
OF
CUSTOMER
ADDRESSES
.
139
V.
CLAIM
FOR
CONTINUED
SUPPLY
.
139
VI.
LIMITATION
.
139
1.
GENERAL
.
139
2.
CLAIM
FOR
BOOK
EXCERPT
.
139
3.
AGENT
'
S
MISAPPREHENSION
.
140
H.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
140
I.
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
140
II
.
CONDITIONS
.
140
1.
TERMINATION
.
141
2.
SOLICITATION
OF
NEW
CUSTOMERS
OR
MATERIAL
EXPANSION
OF
EXISTING
BUSINESS
RELATIONS
.
141
3.
NEWCUSTOMER
.
141
4.
MATERIAL
EXPANSION
OF
EXISTING
BUSINESS
RELATIONS
.
141
5.
SOLICITING
BY
THE
AGENT
.
142
6.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
SUBSTANTIAL
ADVANTAGES
.
142
A)
REGULAR
CUSTOMERS
.
142
AA)
PRINCIPAL
'
S
FUTURE
GAINS
.
142
BB)
USE
OF
THE
CUSTOMER
BASE
.
143
B)
CHURN
RATE
.
143
C)
AGENT
'
S
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTIVITY
.
143
D)
NO
SUBSTANTIAL
ADVANTAGE
.
143
E)
FORECAST
.
144
7.
EQUITABLENESS
.
145
A)
DEFINITION
AND
IDENTIFICATION
.
145
B)
CASE
LAW
.
145
C)
COMPREHENSIVE
OVERALL
ASSESSMENT
.
146
D)
POINTINTIME
.
146
E)
BURDEN
OF
PROOF
.
146
III.
CALCULATION
OF
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
146
1.
CALCULATION
PURSUANT
TO
THE
FORECASTED
COMMISSION
LOSSES
.
147
2.
CALCULATION
EXAMPLE
.
148
3.
CALCULATION
PURSUANT
TO
THE
CAP
.
148
XXII
IV.
EXCLUSION
OF
THE
AGENT
'
S
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
148
1.
TERMINATION
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
AGENT
.
149
A)
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
149
B)
SUFFICIENT
GROUNDS
.
149
C)
AGENTS
HEALTH
OR
AGE
.
149
2.
LEGITIMATE
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
BY
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
150
3.
SHIFT
OF
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATION
TO
A
THIRD
PARTY
.
150
4.
EXCLUSION
FOR
AGENCIES
BASED
OUTSIDE
OF
EUROPE
.
150
A)
ACTIVITY
OUTSIDE
EUROPE
.
150
B)
DETERMINING
THE
PLACE
.
151
C)
EXPRESS
OR
IMPLIED
AMENDMENT
.
151
5.
CHOICE
OFLAW
.
151
A)
FREE
CHOICE
OFLAW
.
151
B)
CONSTRAINTS
UNDER
THE
ROME
I
REGULATION
.
151
C)
INGMAR
DECISION
.
152
6.
CONTRACTUAL
EXCLUSION
AFTER
TERMINATION
.
152
7.
UPFRONT
PAYMENT
.
153
A)
DEFINITION
AND
CONDITIONS
.
153
B)
REMAINING
LEGAL
UNCERTAINTY
.
153
C)
EXECUTION
OF
AN
UPFRONT
PAYMENT
.
154
V.
PRECLUSIVE
PERIOD
AND
LIMITATION
.
154
1.
PRECLUSIVE
PERIOD
.
154
2.
LIMITATION
.
154
VI.
ACCOUNTING
.
155
CHAPTER
12.
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
156
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
156
I.
SIGNIFICANCE
.
156
II.
DEFINITION
.
156
III.
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
.
157
B.
FORMATION
.
157
C.
CONTENT
.
158
I.
TERRITORY
.
158
II.
CONTRACT
PRODUCTS
.
158
III.
ORDER
PROCESS
.
159
IV.
EXCLUSIVITY
.
159
V.
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
OBLIGATIONS
.
160
1.
FIDUCIARY
DUTY
.
160
2.
SALES
PROMOTION
.
160
3.
ACTING
IN
HIS
OWN
NAME
.
160
4.
MAINTAINING
THE
LEGAL
FORM
.
160
5.
REPORT
AND
PROTECTION
OF
TRADE
SECRETS
.
161
VI.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATIONS
.
161
1.
FIDUCIARY
OBLIGATION
.
161
2.
OBLIGATION
TO
TO
INFORM
.
161
3.
OBLIGATION
TO
PROVIDE
ADVERTISING
MATERIAL
.
161
4.
EQUAL
TREATMENT
.
161
5.
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
162
6.
SUPPLY
.
162
A)
REDUCED
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
162
B)
CONTRACT
DESIGN
.
162
XXIII
C)
ALLOCATION
IN
CASE
OF
SUPPLY
DIFFICULTIES
.
163
D)
SPARE
PART
DISTRIBUTION
.
163
E)
DEFECTIVE
PRODUCTS
.
163
F)
POST-CONTRACTUAL
SUPPLY
OF
SPARE
PARTS
.
163
VII.
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
REMUNERATION
.
164
1.
RIGHT
TO
USE
TRADEMARKS
.
164
2.
LIST-PRICE
DISCOUNT
.
164
3.
REIMBURSEMENT
OF
EXPENSES
.
164
VIII.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
164
D.
SUBSIDIARY
AND
SUPPLEMENTAL
AGREEMENTS
.
165
I.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
165
II.
AGREEMENT
TO
MAINTAIN
A
SERVICE
AND
REPAIR
SHOP
.
165
E.
COMPETITION
LAW
.
166
I.
NO
RESTRAINT
OF
COMPETITION
.
166
II.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
167
1.
INVALIDITY
.
167
2.
FINES
.
167
3.
PROHIBITION
ORDER
.
167
4.
CARTEL
DAMAGES
CLAIMS
.
168
III.
APPRECIABLE
EFFECT
AND
DE
MINIMIS
NOTICE
.
168
IV.
BLOCK
EXEMPTION
REGULATIONS
.
168
1.
SYSTEM
OF
BLOCK
EXEMPTIONS
.
168
2.
SCOPE
OF
APPLICATION
OF
VERTICAL-BER
.
169
A)
MARKET
SHARE
THRESHOLD
.
169
B)
HARDCORE
RESTRICTIONS
.
169
C)
EXCLUDED
RESTRICTIONS
.
169
D)
WITHDRAWAL
AND
INAPPLICABILITY
.
169
E)
VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS
OUTSIDE
THE
SCOPE
.
170
V.
EXAMPLES
.
170
1.
EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASE
OBLIGATION
.
170
2.
EXCLUSIVE
DISTRIBUTION
RIGHT
.
170
3.
RESALE
PRICE
MAINTENANCE
.
171
4.
NON-COMPETE
FOR
THE
DISTRIBUTOR
.
171
5.
NON-COMPETE
FOR
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
171
6.
ONLINE
DISTRIBUTION
.
171
7.
RESALE
PRICE
MAINTENANCE
.
172
8.
RESTRICTIONS
ON
USE
.
172
9.
SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION
.
173
10.
SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENTS
.
174
11.
TYING
.
174
12.
UPFRONT
ACCESS
PAYMENT
.
174
F.
TERM
AND
TERMINATION
.
175
I.
TERM
OF
THE
DISTRIBUTORSHIP
AGREEMENT
.
175
II.
CONSECUTIVE
OR
'
CHAIN'AGREEMENTS
AND
PROBATION
TIME
.
175
III.
ORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
176
1.
ANALOGOUS
APPLICATION
OF
§
89
HGB
.
176
2.
TERMINATION
PURSUANT
TO
§624
BGB
.
176
3.
PROHIBITION
OF
UNFAIR
OBSTRUCTION
.
176
4.
TERM
REVIEW
.
177
XXIV
IV.
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
177
1.
CONDITIONS
.
177
2.
PRACTICAL
REMARKS
.
178
G.
INVESTMENT
COMPENSATION
.
178
H.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
MATTERS
.
179
I.
LEGAL
SITUATION
BETWEEN
DECLARATION
OF
TERMINATION
AND
CESSATION
OF
BUSINESS
.
179
II.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
SUPPLY
OBLIGATION
.
179
III.
RETURN
OF
REMAINING
STOCK
AND
SPARE
PARTS
.
179
1.
PRINCIPAL
'
S
OBLIGATION
TO
BUY
BACK
REMAINING
STOCK
.
180
2.
PRINCIPAL'S
RIGHT
TO
BUY
BACK
REMAINING
STOCK
.
180
IV.
RETURN
OF
ADVERTISING
MATERIAL
.
180
V.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATION
.
180
VI.
PROTECTION
OF
BUSINESS
AND
TRADE
SECRETS
.
181
I.
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
181
I.
ANALOGOUS
APPLICATION
OF
§
89B
HGB
.
181
1.
INTEGRATION
INTO
THE
PRINCIPAL
'
S
SALES
ORGANISATION
.
182
2.
TRANSFER
OF
CUSTOMER
DATA
TO
THE
PRINCIPAL
.
182
A)
CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATION
.
182
B)
SCOPE
OF
DATA
TRANSFER
.
183
II.
CONDITIONS
OF
§
89B
HGB
.
184
1.
GROSS
MARGIN
.
184
2.
DEDUCTIONS
NOT
TYPICAL
FOR
DEALERS
.
184
III.
EXCLUSION
OF
DISTRIBUTOR
'
S
CLAIM
FOR
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
185
1.
EXCLUSION
BY
AGREEMENT
.
185
2.
CHOICEOFLAW
.
185
3.
FURTHER
OPTIONS
.
185
CHAPTER
13.
COMMISSION
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
.
186
A.
DEFINITION
.
186
B.
CONTRACTUAL
RELATIONS
.
186
C.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
187
D.
RIGHTS
AND
OBLIGATIONS
.
187
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
188
CHAPTER
14.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENT
.
189
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
189
B.
DIFFERENTIATION
FROM
OTHER
CONTRACT
TYPES
.
190
C.
TYPES
OF
FRANCHISING
AND
ITS
REGULATION
.
190
D.
BENEFITS
OF
FRANCHISING
.
191
E.
TYPICAL
CONTENT
.
191
F.
SPECIFIC
LEGAL
PROBLEMS
.
192
I.
FORM
REQUIREMENTS
.
192
II.
PRE-CONTRACTUAL
INFORMATION
.
192
1.
FRANCHISOR
'
S
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
192
2.
FRANCHISEE
'
S
DUTY
TO
INFORM
.
192
3.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
193
III.
EMPLOYEE
STATUS
.
193
IV.
COMPETITION
LAW
IN
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
.
193
1.
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
'
S
GUIDANCE
ON
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
.
194
2.
VERTICAL-BER.
194
XXV
3.
INDIVIDUAL
EXEMPTION
.
195
V.
FRANCHISING
AND
CONSUMER
PROTECTION
.
195
VI.
FRANCHISE
AGREEMENTS
AS
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
196
G.
TERMINATION
.
196
I.
ORDINARY
AND
EXTRAORDINARY
NOTICE
OF
TERMINATION
.
196
1.
NOTICE
PERIOD
.
196
2.
DISTRIBUTION-BASED
FRANCHISING
.
196
II.
FRANCHISEES
TERMINATION
COMPENSATION
.
197
III.
POST-CONTRACTUAL
PROHIBITION
OF
COMPETITION
.
197
CHAPTER
15.
TRANSPORT AND
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
198
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
198
B.
CONTENT
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
.
199
C.
THE
TRANSPORT
PROCESS
.
199
D.
LIABILITY
.
199
I.
DAMAGE
TO
GOODS
.
199
II.
OTHER
BREACHES
OF
DUTY
.
200
III.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENTS
.
200
IV.
EXTENT
OF
LIABILITY
.
200
V.
WHEN
THE
LIMITATION
OF
LIABILITY
DOES
NOT
APPLY
.
200
1.
VICARIOUS
LIABILITY
.
200
2.
LIABILITY
FOR
INTENTIONAL
ACTS
OR
OMISSIONS
.
201
A)
INTENTIONAL
ACTS
OR
OMISSIONS
.
201
B)
EVIDENCE
.
201
E.
OTHER
MANDATORY
PROVISIONS
IN
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
202
I.
CMR
.
202
II.
GERMAN
FORWARDING
AGENTS
STANDARD
TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
.
202
F.
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
.
202
I.
PROVISIONS
OF
GERMAN
LAW
IN
GENERAL
.
203
II.
SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
.
203
1.
UNIFORM
FREIGHT
AGREEMENT
.
203
2.
DIFFERENT
MEANS
OF
TRANSPORT
.
203
3.
APPLICATION
OF
LEGAL
PROVISIONS
TO
HYPOTHETICAL
SECTIONS
OF
THE
ROUTE
204
III.
LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
.
204
IV.
LIABILITY
PROVISIONS
FOR
MULTIMODAL
TRANSPORT
ACCORDING
TO
EUROPEAN
AND
NATIONAL
LAW
.
204
1.
APPLICABLE
LAW
.
205
2.
KNOWN
PLACE
OF
DAMAGE
.
205
3.
UNKNOWN
PLACE
OF
DAMAGE
.
205
4.
ORDER
OF
APPLICATION
.
205
5.
NO
OVERRIDING
INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS
.
205
V.
NOTICE
OF
DAMAGE;
LIMITATION
PERIOD
.
206
G.
MARITIME
LAW
AND
LIABILITY
.
206
H.
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
206
I.
GOODS
TRANSPORT
INSURANCE
.
207
1.
INSURANCE
BENEFICIARY
.
207
2.
INSURANCE
COVERAGE
.
207
3.
PRACTICAL
ADVICE
.
207
II.
FREIGHT
FORWARDERS
LIABILITY
INSURANCE
.
207
I.
INTERNATIONAL
TRANSPORT
LAW
.
208
XXVI
CHAPTER
16.
WAREHOUSING
AGREEMENT
.
209
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
209
B.
PARTIES
'
OBLIGATIONS
.
209
I.
STORING
PARTY
.
209
II.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
.
210
C.
SPECIAL
FORM
OF
WAREHOUSING:
CONSIGNMENT
STOCK
WAREHOUSE
CONTRACT
.
210
I.
DEFINITION
.
210
II.
ADVANTAGES
.
210
III.
OTHER
FORMS
OF
WAREHOUSING
.
211
D.
WAREHOUSE
WARRANT
.
211
E.
WAREHOUSE
KEEPER
'
S
LIABILITY
.
211
I.
LIABILITY
FOR
PRESUMED
FAULT
.
211
II.
COMPENSATION
FOR
LOSS
OF
PROFIT
.
211
III.
DEVIATING
AGREEMENT
.
212
IV.
LIMITATION
.
212
F.
IMPORTANT
CONTENT
.
212
CHAPTER
17.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
213
A.
INTRODUCTION
.
213
B.
OBLIGATIONS
IMPOSED
BY
THE
LKSG
IN
A
NUTSHELL
.
213
C.
DEFINITION
OF
THE
RELEVANT
RISKS
.
214
D.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
WHEN
CONCLUDING
NEW
CONTRACTS
.
214
I.
CONTRACTUAL
ASSURANCE
OF
THE
DIRECT
SUPPLIER
.
214
II.
DO
'
S
AND
DON
'
TS
IN
PRACTICE
.
215
III.
CONTRACTUAL
CONTROL
MECHANISMS
OF
THE
COMPANY
.
215
IV.
INDEMNIFICATION
FOR
VIOLATION
OF
HUMAN
RIGHTS-RELATED
OR
ENVIRONMEN
TAL
OBLIGATIONS
.
215
E.
CONTRACT
DESIGN
FOR
EXISTING
CONTRACTS
.
216
F.
RISKANALYSIS
.
216
G.
AFTER
THE
IDENTIFICATION
OFARISK
.
217
PART
II
RELEVANT
STATUTORY
MATERIALS
A.
EXCERPTS
FROM
THE
COMMERCIAL
CODE
.
219
B.
SUPPLY
CHAINS
DUE
DILIGENCE
ACT
.
291
C.
PRODUCT
LIABILITY
ACT
.
307
PART
III
GERMAN-ENGLISH
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
.
313
INDEX
.
319
XXVII |
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| author | Mann, Marius 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139043926 |
| author_facet | Mann, Marius 1979- |
| author_role | aut |
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| bvnumber | BV049457084 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1428318854 (DE-599)DNB1299950264 |
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| geographic_facet | Deutschland |
| id | DE-604.BV049457084 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:14:04Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-17T13:01:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783406809910 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034802871 |
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| physical | XXXIII, 321 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | C.H. Beck |
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| series2 | German Law Accessible |
| spelling | Mann, Marius 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)139043926 aut Commercial contracts in Germany by Marius Mann Second edition München C.H. Beck 2024 XXXIII, 321 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier German Law Accessible Auf Buchdeckel: Second edition Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Vertragsrecht Verträge Witschaftsrecht Streitbeilegung Vertragstypen Handelsverträge Commercial contracts Sale of goods Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 s DE-604 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034802871&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mann, Marius 1979- Commercial contracts in Germany Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063283-0 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | Commercial contracts in Germany |
| title_auth | Commercial contracts in Germany |
| title_exact_search | Commercial contracts in Germany |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Commercial contracts in Germany |
| title_full | Commercial contracts in Germany by Marius Mann |
| title_fullStr | Commercial contracts in Germany by Marius Mann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Commercial contracts in Germany by Marius Mann |
| title_short | Commercial contracts in Germany |
| title_sort | commercial contracts in germany |
| topic | Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vertragsrecht Deutschland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034802871&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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