Israel and the Cyprus question: foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960
Providing a detailed account of Israel's foreign policy towards the Cyprus question between 1946 and the declaration of Cypriot independence in August 1960, Gabriel Haritos examines the international and regional factors which shaped Israel's approach to diplomatic relations with the indep...
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New York ; London ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
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2023
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| Zusammenfassung: | Providing a detailed account of Israel's foreign policy towards the Cyprus question between 1946 and the declaration of Cypriot independence in August 1960, Gabriel Haritos examines the international and regional factors which shaped Israel's approach to diplomatic relations with the independent Republic of Cyprus. Based on newly available archival material from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, declassified at the author's request, and on archival material collected from both sides of the Cypriot divide, Haritos highlights previously unknown events, and the key personalities involved in Israel's political and diplomatic interactions over the Cyprus question. In doing so, he offers key insights into the Middle Eastern aspect of the unresolved Cyprus conflict. -- |
| Beschreibung: | First published in Greek in 2018 |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 321 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781350356399 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Chapter One: Israel And Cyprus; Between East And West Chapter Two: Israel, The Greek-Cypriots And Regional Realities Chapter Three: Israel's Stance On The Cyprus Question Before The United Nations Chapter Four: Israel And The London-Zurich Agreements On Cyprus Chapter Five: Israel And Cyprus In The Transitional Period Chapter Six: Independent Cyprus And The Arab-Israeli Tug Of War Chapter Seven: Overview Of Israel's Foreign Policy Towards Cyprus 1946-1960 | |
| 520 | 3 | |a Providing a detailed account of Israel's foreign policy towards the Cyprus question between 1946 and the declaration of Cypriot independence in August 1960, Gabriel Haritos examines the international and regional factors which shaped Israel's approach to diplomatic relations with the independent Republic of Cyprus. Based on newly available archival material from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, declassified at the author's request, and on archival material collected from both sides of the Cypriot divide, Haritos highlights previously unknown events, and the key personalities involved in Israel's political and diplomatic interactions over the Cyprus question. In doing so, he offers key insights into the Middle Eastern aspect of the unresolved Cyprus conflict. -- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures x Abbreviations xi Acknowledgements xiii Prologue xiv Introduction 1 1 Chapter summaries 1 Sources 3 Israel and Cyprus: Between East and West 5 1.1 Israeli foreign policy: A question of orientation 5 1.1.1 Israel and the SovietUnion 8 1.1.2 Israel and the United States 12 1.1.3 Israel and the Third World 15 1.1.4 Fundamental pillars of Israel’s foreign policy in 17 the early 1950s 1.2 The importance of Cyprus to Britain and the Greek Cypriot factor 2 19 Israel, the Greek Cypriots and Regional Realities 23 2.1 Cyprus as a place of detention for Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, 1946-9) 23 2.2 Cooperation between Israelis and Greek Cypriots, 1946-9 26 2.3 The inauguration of Israel’s general consulate in Nicosia, 1950 30 2.3.1 The first issues on the agenda of the newly founded Israeli consulate in Cyprus 34 2.3.1.1 The Jewish community in Cyprus 34 2.3.1.2 The British authorities’cold shoulder 36 2.3.1.3 The Cypriot left-wing trade unions: A critical attitude 37 2.4 Israel and the Enosis movement, 1950-4 39 2.4.1 The reluctance of Ben-Gurion government to provide political support for the Enosis movement 39 2.4.2 Creating a new regional alliance amongst Israel, Turkey and Britain 45
vi Contents 2.4.2.1 The presence of Israeli entrepreneurs in Cyprus 49 2.4.2.2 The resonance of the Enosis Plebiscite and Turkish Cypriot concerns 50 2.4.3 Greek and Israeli regional foreign policy: A story of 52 incompatibility 2.4.3.1 Greece’s de facto recognition of Israel in 1952 59 2.4.3.2 The Cephalonia Earthquake and the perspectives in Greek-Israeli relations, 1953-4 3 62 Israel’s Stance on the Cyprus Question before the United Nations 65 3.1 Israel’s assessment of the intentions of the Cypriot ethnarchy and Greece to bring the Enosis issue before the UN, 1951-3 65 3.2 Israel’s attitude vis-à-vis the Cyprus question at the 9th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1954 3.2.1 67 The British factor 69 3.2.2 The Turkish factor 71 3.2.3 The Greek and Greek Cypriot factors 72 3.2.4 The Arab factor 73 3.2.5 Israel’s vote on the issue of Cyprus at the 9th Session of the UN General Assembly 75 3.3 Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue at the 10th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1955 83 3.3.1 Greece’s pro-Arab position 83 3.3.2 Israel’s concerns about the priorities of Turkey’s regional policy 86 3.3.2.1 The military cooperation agreement between Turkey and Iraq (Baghdad Agreement) 86 3.3.2.2 Turkey’s participation in the Bandung Conference 3.3.3 . Britain’s guarantee of Israel’s safety 88 89 3.3.4 Israel’s vote on the Cyprus issue at the 10th Session of the UN General Assembly 92 3.3.5 The position of the Israeli prime minister and Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett on the Cyprus issue, 1955) 93 3.4 The Israeli position on the Cyprus issue at the 11th UN General Assembly
Session, 1956 97 3.4.1 The eventful realignments of 1956 97 3.4.2 The Israeli assessment of developments in Cyprus 100 3.4.2.1 The Israeli assessment of Britain’s decision to exile Makarios 102 3.4.2.2 The developments in Cyprus and their effect on bilateral contacts between Greece and Israel 104
vii Contents 3.4.2.3 Upset in Turco-Israeli relations and the possibility of a pro-Greek Israeli reversal, 1956 109 3.4.3 The Israeli vote on the Cyprus issue at the 11th Session 112 of the UN General Assembly 3.5 The Israeli Stance on the Cyprus issue at the 12th Session 120 of the UN General Assembly, 1957 3.5.1 Israeli concerns and speculations on British intentions 120 and American pursuits in Cyprus 3.5.2 The Turkish tactic of‘Islamization’ of the Cypriot issue, 123 according to Israeli diplomatic reports 3.5.3 Assessments of the Israeli Consulate in Nicosia concerning 3.5.4 political trends among Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriots 125 3.5.3.1 The Greek Cypriot political scene 126 3.5.3.2 The Turkish Cypriot political scene 127 3.5.3.3 Israel’s image in Cypriot society 128 . The Israeli vote on the Cyprus issue at the 12th Session 130 of the UN General Assembly 3.6 The Israeli stance on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1958 131 3.6.1 The Foot Plan and Israeli assessments 132 3.6.1.1 The Israeli consulate’s concerns over Israel’s image in Cypriot public opinion 135 3.6.1.1.1 Zeev Levin’s contacts with Cypriot trade unionism and his political intervention in favour of the Greek Cypriots 137 3.6.1.1.2 Turkish Cypriot public opinion and Israel: ‘Filistin’ or ‘Israil’? 142 3.6.2 Makarios’ visit to Cairo in June 1958, viewed through Israeli diplomatic reports 145 3.6.3 The Macmillan Plan and Israeli concerns about UAR influence in Cyprus 149 3.6.4 The Turkish-Israeli rapprochement, 1958 154 3.6.5 Israeli pro-Turkish manoeuvres on the Cyprus
issue at the UN 156 3.6.5.1 Israeli critique of the Greek positions 161 3.6.5.2 The vote on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly 163 3.6.6 Assessing Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue at the 4 13th Session of the UN General Assembly 166 Israel and the London-Zurich Agreements on Cyprus 169
viii Contents 4.1 Israel’s information about negotiations between Greece, Turkey and Great Britain in view of the London-Zurich Agreements 169 4.2 The repercussions of the London and Zurich Agreements on Greece and Turkey, according to Israeli diplomatic reports 171 4.2.1 Repercussions on Greece 171 4.2.2 Repercussions on Turkey 173 4.3 Prospects for improved diplomatic relations between Israel and Greece and Israel and Turkey following the London-Zurich Agreements 174 4.3.1 Prospects for the normalization of Israeli-Greek diplomatic relations 175 4.3.2 Prospects for improvement in Israeli-Turkish relations 5 180 Israel and Cyprus in the Transition Period 185 5.1 Israel’s assessments and concerns about the orientation of the regional foreign policy of the soon-to-be independent State of Cyprus 185 5.2 The impact of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots on relations between independent Cyprus and Israel 186 The Greek Cypriot factor 5.2.1 191 5.2.1.1 TheGreek Cypriot ministers of the Transitional government 192 5.2.1.2 The anti-Makarios Right 197 5.2.1.3 The position of the leftist AKEL Party 200 5.2.1.4 Statements made by Makarios to the Washington Star 205 on relations between Cyprus, Israel and the Arabs 5.2.2 The Turkish Cypriot positions vis-à-vis relations between Israel and Cyprus 208 5.3 Assessment of Israel’s contacts with the Greek and the 6 Turkish Cypriot communities in 1959 Independent Cyprus and the Arab-Israeli Tug of War 211 217 6.1 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvring in view of Cyprus’ declaration of independence 217 6.1.1 Israel’s views on forming bilateral relations
with Cyprus: The meeting at the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 2 July 1959 218 6.1.2 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvres in view of the declaration of Cypriot independence and the 20 December meeting at the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6.1.3 Operation Spyros Skouras’ 220 228
ix Contents 6.1.4 The standstill in negotiations in Cyprus, February-July 1960, through Israeli diplomatic reports 229 6.1.5 Bilateral meetings between Greek Cypriot and Israeli officials from February to July 1960 233 6.1.6 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvres leading up to the day of Cyprus’ Declaration of Independence, 16 August 1960 236 6.2 Arab actions against the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cyprus and Israel 242 6.2.1 The Arab boycott on Israel 243 6.2.1.1 The political aspect of the Arab boycott and Cyprus 244 6.2.2 Relations between the UAR and Cyprus during the Transitional Period, in Israeli diplomatic reports 245 6.2.3 Lebanon’s policy in Cyprus during the Transitional Period in Israeli diplomatic reports 256 6.2.3.1 Lebanon and the Cypriot Maronites 257 6.2.3.1.1 Lebanon’s interest in the status of Maronites 257 in the Cypriot political system 6.2.3.1.2 Maronite parliamentary representation in Cyprus as a Lebanese priority 261 6.2.3.2 Lebanon, the Arab boycott and Cypriot-Israeli 272 relations 6.3 The impact of diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Israel on the Arab world, Greece and Turkey 7 276 285 Overview of Israel’s Foreign Policy towards Cyprus, 1946-60 7.1 Western guarantees for Israel’s security and the background to regional collaboration between Turkey and Israel during the 1950s 285 7.2 Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue up to 1957 287 7.3 Israel’s reasons for supporting Turkey’s positions on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1958 291 7.4 Israeli foreign policy and Cyprus in the
Transitional Period 295 7.5 Conclusions 298 7.5.1 1946-1949 298 7.5.2 1950-1957 299 7.5.3 1958 299 7.5.4 1959-1960 300 Archival Sources and Bibliography 303 Index of Names 315
Archival Sources and Bibliography Primary sources Unpublished IDFA - Israel Defense Forces Archive IDFA-481 Operations Directorate IDFA-922 Operations Directorate IDFA-1003 Human Resources Department IDFA-1042 Human Resources Department ISA - Israel State Archives, Jerusalem ISA/RG43/G Interministerial Correspondence ISA/RG59/GL Interministerial Correspondence ISA/RG93/MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs ISA/RG105/PRES Office of the President of the State of Israel ISA/RG130/MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem Monastery, List of Monks [monachologion Archives of the Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus, Nicosia Archives of the Municipality of Rhodes Archive of minutes from the Municipality of Rhodes council meetings Author’s family archives Historical Archives of the Pancyprian Federation of Labour (PEO), Nicosia International Relations sub-section / File: Israel, 1946-1962 MAA - Milli Arçiv ve Ara^tirma Dairesi / National Archives and Research Department, Kyrenia МАА-GZ Newspaper archives Public Information Office (PIO), Ministry of Interior, Republic of Cyprus, Nicosia Cypriot Press Archives Published Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works of Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus], ol. 1. Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1992. Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works of Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus], 7ol. 2. Nicosia:
Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1992.
304 Archival Sources and Bibliography Archbishop Makarios HI Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works ofArchbishop Makarios III of Cyprus]. Vol. 3. Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1992. Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works ofArchbishop Makarios III of Cyprus].Vol. 4. Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1992. Bernadotte, Folke. To Jerusalem. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1951. Colony of Cyprus. The Cyprus Gazette (Extraordinary). Nicosia: Government Printer, 1960. Colony of Cyprus. Legislation of the Year 1959. Vol. 2: Subsidiary Legislation. Nicosia: Government Printer, 1960. Cyprus Department of Public Relations. Lord Radcliffe’s Terms of Reference: Cyprus Embargoed. No. 5.14.9.1956. Pamphlet. Nicosia: [Government of Cyprus], Galambos, Louis, and Daun Van Ее, eds. The Papers ofDwight David Eisenhower: The Presidency: Keeping the Peace. Vol. 18. Baltimore, MD, and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Ha-Lishka ha-Leumit li-Statistika [Central Bureau of Statistics]. Shishim Shana bi-R’ey ha-Statistika [Sixty Years from a Statistical Perspective]. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2008. Hakki, Murat Metin, ed. The Cyprus Issue: A Documentary History, 1878-2007. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2007. Hellenic Parliament. Gazette of Parliamentary Debates: 3rd Term, Session C. Vol. A. Athens: Printed 1955. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office (HMSO). Constitutional Proposals for Cyprus. A report Submitted to
the Secretary of State for the Colonies by the Rt Hon. Lord Radcliffe, G.B.E. London: HMSO, 1956. Israel State Archives (ISA), Naomi Barzilai, ed. Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel. Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Government Printer, 2004. ISA, Barouch Gilead, ed. Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel. Vol. 11. Jerusalem: Government Printer, 2008. ISA, Barouch Gilead, ed. Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel. Vol. 13. Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, Government Printer, 2001. ISA, Barouch Gilead, ed. Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel. Vol. 14. Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, Government Printer, 1997. Khalil, Muhammad. The Arab States and the Arab League: A Documentary Record. Vol. 2. Beirut: Khayats, 1962. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5714 (1953-54). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1953. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5715 (1954). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1954. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5717 (1956). Jerusalem Government Printer, 1956. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5718 (1957). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1957. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5719 (1958). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1958. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5720 (1959/60). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1960. State of Israel. Government Year-Book 5721 (1960/61). Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1961. United Nations (UN). Yearbook of the United Nations, 1957. Part 1, chapter 6,76. New York: UN, Department of Public Information, 1957. UN. Yearbook of the United Nations, 1958. Part 1, chapter 6,76. New York: UN, Department of Public
Information, 1958.
Archival Sources and Bibliography 305 United States Department of State, John P. Glennon, ed. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955-1957: Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean.Vol. 24. Washington,DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1989. United States Department of State, Glenn W. LaFantasie, ed. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960: Eastern Europe Region, Soviet Union, Cyprus.Vol. 10, part 1. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1993. United States Department of State, Glenn W. LaFantasie, ed. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960: Eastern Europe, Finland, Greece, Turkey.Vol. 10,part 2. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1993. Secondary sources Monographs Alastos, Doros. Cyprus in History. London: Zeno Booksellers and Publishers, 1976. Alper, Yossi. Medina Bodeda [A Country Alone]. Tel Aviv: Matar, 2015. Altéras, Isaac. Eisenhower and Israel: US-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960. Gainesville, FL. University Press of Florida, 1993. Aridan, Natan. Britain, Israel and Anglo-Jewry, 1949-1957. New York: Routledge, 2004. Ben-Gurion, David. Beayot ha-Medina: Mediniut Khutz shel Israel [Problems of the State: Israel’s Foreign Policy], Jerusalem: Intelligence Services, 1951. Bengio, Ofra. The Turkish-Israeli Relationship: Changing Ties of Middle Eastern Outsiders. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Bialer, Uri. Our Place in the World: Mapai and Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation, 19471952. Jerusalem: Magnes Press and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1981. Bielenberg, Brian, and Costas Constandinou, eds.
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Archival Sources and Bibliography 307 Olmert, Yosef. Miutim ba-Mizrakh ha-Tikhon [Minorities in the Middle East]. Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitakhon [Israeli Ministry of Defense], 1986. Olmert, Yosef. Suria ha-Modernit [Modern-Day Syria], Tel Aviv: Misrad ha-Bitakhon [Israeli Ministry of Defense], 1997. Parsi, Trita. Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran and the United States. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2007. Rappas, Alexis. Cyprus in the 1930s: British Colonial Rule and the Roots of the Cyprus Conflict. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2014. Republic of Turkey. Turkey and Cyprus: A Survey of the Cyprus Question with Official Statements of the Turkish Viewpoint. London: Press Attaches Office, Turkish Embassy, 1956. Reuveni, Yaakov. Mimshal ha-Mandat be-Eretz Israel: Nituakh Histori-Medini [Administration of the British Mandate in Palestine: A Historical-Political Analysis], Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University, 1993. Rosenne, Shabtai. Basic Elements of Israel’s Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Indian Council of World Affairs, 1962. Sachar, Howard. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time. 3rd edn. New York: Knopf, 2007. Sayil, Altay. Dr. Fazil Küçük’ün Antiart ve Siyasal Qrgüt Çaltpnalart [The Memoirs and Political Formations ofDrFaztl Küçük]. Lefkoça, 2010. Sharett, Moshe. Yoman Ishi 1955 [Personal Diary 1955]. Tel Aviv: Sifriat Maariv, 1955. Shay, Aharon. Sin ve-Israel [China and Israel]. Tel Aviv: Yedioth Akharonot Chemed, 2016. Uzer, Umut. Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy: The Kemalist Influence in Cyprus and the Caucasus.
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Index of Names Acheson, Dean 13 Açikahn, Mehmet Cevat 220,224-5, 148 n.149,270 n.259 Adamantos, Adam (Adamos) 27,29,201 Akinci, Nurettin 89 Aldin, Hakki 268-9 Allen, Sir Roger 153 Almog,Yehoshua 170 n.ll Alon, Moshe 123,124 n.262,124 n.264, 124 n.266-8,125 n.270-2,145, 145 n.358,146,146 n.359,149, 150 n.378,151,151 n.385-6,169,170, 170 n.6-7,173,173 n.23,174,174 n.27, 220 n.18,220 n.24,268,269 n.250,282, 282 n.333,283 n.335 Al-Sahrawi, Salahaddin 254,254 n.189,255 Al-Said, Nuri 88,88 n.102,89 Al-Saud, Saud bin Abdulaziz 125, 125 n.271 Amarilio, David Sam 63 n.171 Amir, Rekhavam 35 n.70,61 n. 164 Ammoun, Fuad 264,264 n.227 Arad, Shimshon 124 n.265 Araouzos, Andreas 249 Arif, Osman 139 Ashiotis, Costas 283 Auster, Daniel 29 Averoff-Tositsas, Evangelos 98,107-8, 188 n.195,109,113-14,131,145, 153 n.396,158,161-3,166 n.466,169, 173,223,226,237,252,282,282 n.331, 290,294-5,301 Avner, Gershon 59 n.160,70,70 n.24,72, 73 n.37 Avnon, Zvi 32 n.50,33,33 n.55-7,33 n.59, 33 n.61 Azinas, Andreas 193 n.27,208,210,246, 274,275 n.288 Balfour, Arthur 23 Barkat, Reuven 142 n.358 Barmore, Jaacov 232 n.78 Bayar, Celâl 110-11,268,268 n.248,289 Bayramoglu, Fuat 50-2 Bayülken, Haluk 278 n.310 Belcher, Taylor 122,207,207 n.103,225, 232,245,249 n.161,255 Ben-Gurion, David 2,5-6,8,10,13-14, 17-19,30,38-9,39 n.89,40,40 n.92, 41-2,44,63,63 n.171,66 n.10,70, 70 n.29,77,78 n.57,82,94,97-8,112, 117 n.235,120 n.247,137,155 n.404, 156,176,181,191,191 n.20,200-1,204, 215,238,279,279 n.314,285-8,292, 294,299 Bentzur, Shmuel 222,238 n.104 Ben-Yaakov, Yitzhak 194 n.31 Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak 219 n.13,238,240, 2401112,
241,241 n.117 Berdy, Gabriel 31,31 n.40,31 n.44,32, 32 n.46,32 n.50,32 n.52,32 n.58,33, 33 n.56,36 n.72 Berdy, Michael 31 n.40 Berdy, Rosa 31 n.40 Berger,Sam 170 n.l 1 Bernadotte, Folke (Count of Wisborg) 54, 54 n.138-9,55,55 n.144 Bernstein, Peretz 94,94 n.133,95 n.135, 96-7 Bevin, Ernest 26 Bilge, Suat 230 n.65,263,263 n.223, 274 Birgi, Nuri 87,109,111 Borg, Alexander 266 n.239,267 n.239 Bridel, Marcel 230 n.65 Bunche, Ralph 56,56 n.146 Caroz,Yaacov210 n.l 18 Castle, Barbara 153,153 n.396,169 Christou, Andreas 139 Christopoulos, Georgios 237,252, 252 n.l76,252 n.l78,275 n.288
316 Index of Names Chrysanthopoulos, Themistoklis 55, 55 n.145 derides, Glafcos 192,196,198,230,262 derides, Ioannis 192 n.39,198,198 n.55, 199,202,202 n.78 Cohen, Avraham 264 n.224 Cohen, Chayim 196 Comay, Michael 32 n.49-52,33 n.54-5, 33 n.57,33 n.60-1,37 n.77,41,42 n.97, 44 n.108,161,161 n.433,161 n.435, 161 n.439,162,162 n.440-1,162 n.444, 163,163 n.445,164 n.452,164 n.456, 165 n.458,170 n.9,170 n.10,196 n.46, 218 n.2,218 n.6,219 n.8 Dajani, Burhan 253,253 n.181 Darom, Avraham 68,68 n.17,84 n.84,85, 85 n.88-90,86 n.96,97,90 n.l 12-13, 104,104 n.181,105,107 n.192,108, 108 n.195,109,109 n.198,113, 113 n.213-14,114,114 n.216-17,105, 107 n.192,108,108 n.195,109, 109 n.198,113,113 n.213-14,114, 114 n.216-17 Dayan, Moshe 48 de Hirsch, Maurice 25 n.8,31 de la Cierva y Lewita, Antonio 57 n.l51 Denkta?, Rauf 128,190,208,210-11, 211 n.122,211 n.l 24,213,230, 230 n.65,235,263,263 n.223,274, 295 Derderian, Yeghishe, Deputy Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Patriarchate in Jerusalem 57 Dervis, Katia 198 Dervis, Themistoklis 73,78,129,195 n.39, 197,197 n.52,198,198 n.60,199-200, 202 n.78,248,277,277 n.308,296 Dimitratos, Aristidis 142 n.352 Dimitriou, Andreas 106-7,290 Disraeli, Benjamin 20 Divon, Shmuel 50 n.l27 Dotan, Alexander 215 n.139 Dulles, John Foster 87,87 n.99,101 n.161, 123-4,161 Eban,Abba46,46 n.Ill,78,78 n.59,85-7, 87 n.99,118,135,135 n.309,155, 155 n.409 Eden, Sir Anthony 70,70 n.27-8,89, 89 n.HO, 114 n.216 Efstathiades, Loukis 139 Ehrlich, Avraham 201 n.75 Eisenberg, Yehoshua 196 Eisenhower, Dwight 14-15,99,177 n.235, 120 n.247,122,223,223 n.29 Elath (Epstein),
Eliahu 7,48,48 n.120-1, 70,70 п.28,118n.237 Eliash, Mordechai 30 Eliav, Pinhas 222 El-Nokrashy, Mahmood Pasha 55 Emin, Mustafa 139 Emmanuel, Isaac 63 n. 171 Epiphanios, Archbishop of Philadelphia 56-7,57П.151 Ereil, Moshe 142 n.350,193,193 n.30,214, 214 n.134,215 n.136,225 n.40, 232 n.77,232 n.78,233 n.82 Erim, Nihat 230 n.65,263,263 n.223,274 Erkin, Feridun 46,46 n.l 11 Eshkol, Nachum 244 n.127,253 n.184-6, 254,254 n.l 87 Eytan, Walter 5-6,32 n.51,40,41 n.93,56, 56n.l47,71,71 n.30,94 n.132,112, 112П.207,117n.231,117n.233, 117 n.236,118 n.237,158 n.422-3, 163 n.445,166-7,167 n.468,172, 172 n.21,176,176 n.34,178,178 n.39, 191,221 n.22,278 n.309,278 n.312 Faisal II, King of Iraq 110 Farah, Elias (Elie), Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Cyprus 261,261 n.212,262,265-6 Farah, Michel 194,217,260-2,266,268, 272-3,275 Fawzi, Mahmood 235,247-8,256, 256 n.196,274 Fischer, Maurice 87,87 n.l00,88,88 n. 101, 88 n.103,109-10,110 n.202,156 n.418, 158 n.425,172 n.20,180,180 n.43,222, 224 n.35,226,226 n.42,229 n.59,237, 237 n.100,238,238 n.102,252, 252 n.l79,270 n.259,278 n.310, 178 n.312,282,282 n.331 Fletcher, Reginald Thomas Herbert (Lord Winster) 22,44-5 Foley, Charles 247
Index of Names Foot, Sir Hugh 122,122 n.256,130,132-3, 133 n.301,139-40,140 n.343,203, 204 n.83,207,213,213 n.132,225,266, 291 Foradaris, Ioannis, Vicar-General 266 Frederica, Queen Consort of Greece 54,60 Frydas, Aristotelis 191,212 Gadish, Yosef 28 n.23 Garoufalias, Petros 113 Gazit, Mordechai 49 n.122,100 n.158,102, 102 n.170 Gefen, Abba 222 Gennadios, Metropolitan of Salamis 40n.91,129 George VI, King of England 30,30 n.36,42 Georgiades, Antonis 192,192 n.27,208 Georgiou, Georgios-Paul 194,194 n.34-5 Georkadjis, Polycarpos 192,193 n.27,208 Georkas, Giorgos 139 Giladi, Avraham 92 n.125 Gilead, Barouch 101 n.162,110 n.201, 111 n.204,112n.206 Gori, Alberto, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem 57 Granot, Avraham 56 n.149 Grebenc, Marie 205,205 n.89,205 n.93, 206,206 n.95-7,207,207 n.148 Grivas, Georgios 100-1,106,134,152, 173-4,195 n.39,200-1,205,205 n.89, 206,206 n.94,206 n.96-7,207-8,225, 228,232,247,248 n.148,255 Gubran, Farah 278 Günaltay, Mehmet Semsettin 45 Gürsel, Cemal 230,251,251 n.174 Gutmann, Emmanuel 28 n.22 Hakim, George, Greek Catholic Archbishop of Galilee 57 Hamadeh, Sabri 274 Hammarskjöld, Dag 76 Harel, Isser 38 n.87 Harding, Sir John 98,100,100 n.158, 101-2,104,122 n.256,130,132,203 Haritos, Gabriel 55-6,56 n. 146-7,58-9 Harman, Avraham 212 n.126,228, 228 n.57-8,239,242 Harriman, Averell 124 Hastings, Stephen 249,249 n.161 317 Hayimzon, Shlomo 26 Herzog, Chaim 233,233 n.85,234 Herzog, Yaakov 56 n.149,57 n.151 Hilb, Gad 28 n.21 Hoidas, Konstantinos 266 Holland, Robert 20 Holmes, Julius 122-3 Horam, Yehuda 117,117 n.233 lakovos (Jacob), Archbishop of North and
South America 226 loannides, Polykarpos 98 Ioannou, Evripidis 252 Içm, Burhan 151 istinyeli, §efkati 88,160 Jacob, Coptic Archbishop of Jerusalem and the Near East 57 Jones, Owen 225,225 n.40,232 Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis 178-80 Kapel, Shmuel 282,282 n.330 Karamanlis, Konstantinos 55 n.143, 98-101,104-5,112,114,114 n.216, 142 n.352,153 n.396,171-3,204-5, 223,251,282,282 n.329 Karami, Rashid 259,274 Karaolis, Michail 106-7,290 Kassimatis, Grigorios 113 Kavassiadis, Konstantinos 106,106 n.187 Kessler, Eric Ernst 173,173 n.23 Kidron, Avraham 33,33 n.54-5,33 n.5961,35,35 n.70-1,36,73 n.41,74,83, 83 n.80,85,90,90 n.l 14,90 n.l 16-17, 90 n.l 19,91 n.121-2,93,93 n.127,97, 97 n.138,100,100 n.156,100 n.159, 101 n.161,103 n.173,104 n.179-80, 105,105 n.184,106,106 n.186,107, 107 n.190-1,113,222,269 n.252 Kidron, Mordechai 32 n.49-52,67, 68 n.14 Kleopas, Metropolitan of Paphos 40 n.90, 41,41 n.94,42 n.97,45,66,66 n.10, 287 Kohl, Moshe 29 Kollek, Teddy 195,195 n.41,196,196 n.42, 196 n.44 Kollios, Georgios 141 Kontos, Apostolos 283
318 Index of Names Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat 46,46 n. 112,47-8, 87-8,88 n.101,88 n.103,101, 101П.163, HOn.202, 111 Kranidiotis, Nikos 189,189 n.12,208,226, 246 Küçük, Ahmet 278 Küçük, Fazil 127-8,142-3,143 n.354,150, 151 n.384,156,156 n.413,161,171, 174,187,189-90,192,203,207-10, 210 n.120,213,219,221-2,222 n.25, 223,225-7,230-2,236,238-41, 242 n.l 18,246 n.141,255-6,261 n.212, 264 n.227,266,270,276-8,278 n.310, 282-4,295,297-8,301 Kuneralp, Zeki 282 Kyprianos, Metropolitan of Kyrenia 40 n.91,66-7,98,101-2,234 Kyprianou, Spyros 235-6,240,240 n.l 14, 256,256 n.196,283,301 Kyriakides, Ioannis 141 Kyriakides, Renos 206 n.96 Kyrou, Alexis 68-9,69 n.22,77-8,79 n.62, 81 n.68,83 n.78,288 Lambrou, Nikos 141 Laub, Morris 27 Lavon, Pinhas 7-8,19 Lennox-Boyd, Alan Tindal 103 Leshem, Peretz 120-1,121 n.249-50,122, 122 n.252,122 n.256-7,123,125-6, 126 n.273,127-8,128 n.279-80,129, 129 n.283,130,130 n.286-8,131 n.292, 133,133 n.301-2,134-5,135 n.308, 135 n.310,136,136 n.314-5,136 n.318, 138,138 n.326,140,140 n.334, 140 n.340,141,141 n.347,143, 143 n.354,149,149 n.374,150 n.379, 151,151 n.388,156 n412,186,186 n.5, 187,187 n.6-7,188,188 n.8,188 n.1011,190,190 n.16,191,191 n.22,192, 192 n.24,193,193 n.27,194 n.32, 194 n.36,195,195 n.40-1,196, 196 n.46-9,196 n.53,198,198 n.58-9, 199,199 n.61,199 n.64,200 n.67,203, 203 n.82,206,208 n.ll 1,209, 209 n.117,218,244 n.128,261 n.215, 273 n.271,273 n.272,273 n.274-6 Levanon, Chaim 198 Levavi, Arye 60,60 n.161 Levi, Shabtai 29 Levin, Yehuda (Harry) 194,194 n.31 Levin, Zeev 137,137 n.322-3,138, 138 n.324,138 n.326,139,139 n.331-2, 140,140 n.333,140
n.335,140 n.338, 140 n.341,140 n.343,141,141 n.346-7, 141 n.349,142,142 n.351,142 n.352, 166-7,167 n.468,178,178 n.36,193, 193 n.29,194,194 n.31,196 n.42-3, 197 n.50,199 n.66,200-2,202 n.77-8, 207,207 n.100-2,208,208 n.108-10, 209 n.l 14,210,210 n.l 16-19,211, 211 n.121-5,212,212 n.127,213, 213 n.129,213 n.131-2,218,218 n.2, 219 n.10,222,222 n.26,223,223 n.334,225 n.37,225 n.39,226,226 n.43-7, 226 n.49,227,227 n.51-3,228, 228 n.55,229,229 n.60-1,230, 230 n.62-3,230 n.66-7,231,231 n.712,232,232 n.79-80,233,233 n.86,234, 234 n.87-8,235,235 n.90,235 n.92-3, 236,236 n.95-6,235 n.99,237 n. 100-1, 238,238 n.104,239,239 n.105-6, 239 n.108-9,240,240 n.114,241, 241 n.l 15-17,242,242 n.l 18-19,245, 245 n.l34-5,246,246 n.l39,246 n.l42, 247,247 n.144,248 n.l51,249 n.158-61,250 n.166,251,251 n.16973,252,252 n.176-80,253,253 n.182, 255,255 n.190-1,255 n.193,256, 256 n.196,260,260 n.208,261, 261 n.211,262,262 n.218,262 n.221, 264 n.224,264 n.226,264 n.228,265, 265 n.230-3,266,266 n.234, 266 n.237-8,269 n.252,270,270 n.258, 271,271 n.261-3,272 n.268,274, 274 n.278,274 n.280,274 n.284-6, 275 n.288,275 n.291,276-7,277 n.304, 277 n.307,278-9,279 n.313,279 n.318, 280,280 n.321,282 n.330,282 n.331-2, 283,283 n.336-7,301-2 Lie, Trygve 44 n.l05,54,66 Limon, Mordechai (Mocha) 234 n.88, 235 n.90 Lloyd, Selwyn 161 Loizides, Savvas 136 Loker, Zvi 97 n.139,162-3,163 n.445, 191 n.22,192 n.26,193,193 n.112, 218 n.2,222,226 n.49,228,228 n.55
Index of Names Lourie, Arthur 50 n.126,89,89 n.109 Lutfi, Mustafa 280,280 n.320,282,302 McGhee, George 170 Macleod, Iain 267 Macmillan, Harold 117,122,132, 132 n.295,145-6,149-50,150 n.380, 151-2,153 n.394-5,156,156 n.413, 158,161,169,171,293 Makarios II, Archbishop of Cyprus 39, 40 n.91-2,41,41 n.93-4,45,287 Makarios III, Archbishop of Cyprus 41 n.,94,44,44 n. 105-6,44 n.108,45, 53,65-7,67 n.12,68,68 n.14,69, 69 n. 19-21,76-8,78 n.57,82-5,90,92, 98,98 n.140,99-100,100 n.157,101-6, 112,114,120-5,129-30,133-4,136-8, 145-7,147 n.367,148-53,153 n.394, 153 n.396,154,161,169,169 n.5, 171-4,177-8,187,189-92,195 n.39, 197-200,202,202 n.78,203-4, 204 n.84,205,205 n.93,206,206 n.95-8,207-8,208 n.l 10,209-10, 212-14,217,219,219 n.13,220-2, 222 n.25,223,223 n.30,224-7, 227 n.51,228-31,231 n.72,232, 234-40,240 n.112-13,241,241 n.117, 242,245-6,246 n.141,247-8, 248 n.148,249,249 n.l 61,250, 250 n.165,251-6,259,261,261 n.212, 263,265-6,270,270 n.259,271-2, 275 n.287,276-8,278 n.309-11,279, 279 n.314,279 n.317,280-4,287-8, 290,292-8,300-2 Makris, Fotis 250-1 Malik, Yakov 9 Mancia, Alfredo Ortiz 158-9,159 n.427, 160 n.428-9 Mandossian, Enger Krikor 261 п.210,275, 275 n.287 Manyera, Niyazi 192 Mao, Zedong 15 Margaritis, Dimitrios 20 Markides, Diana 231 Marom, Eliezer 70 n.25,73,73 n.38, 73 n.40,74,74 n.44 Mazar, Benjamin 106,106 n.187 Meir (Meyerson), Golda 6,9,9 n.8,10, 10 n.17,11,18 n.50,28,94,97 n.139,98, 319 112,112 n.207,115-17,117 n.231,119, 125,130,155,155 n.404,156,163, 163 n.445,167,181,192 n.26,193,220, 222,222 n.25,224,226 n.42,235-6, 238,238 n. 102,239-40,240 n.l 13-14, 241
n.114,241 n.l 16,242,242 n.l 18, 279,279 n.315,290,293,299 Meir, Meir 115 n.222,115 n.224 Melas, Georgios 85-6 Menderes, Adnan 47,87,87 n.100,88, 88 n.102,89,101,124,132,156,173-4, 181,204,230,292,294,299 Menon, Krishna 113 n.215,118,164 Merom, Eliezer 49,49 n.l22 Meroz,Yohanan 71,71 n.32-3,72,72 n.36, 73,73 n.43,238 n.104 Michailides, Michalakis 139 Mizrahi, Shoshana 34 Moissis, Asher 52 n.135,53,53 n.137,59, 61,61 n.163,65,65 n.2,66 n.4,66 n.6, 69,69 n.21 Montis, Costas 249,253-4 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 281 Moschopoulos, Ioannis 57,57 n.l51,58, 60,60 n.161 Mourtzoukos, Anselmos 224,224 n.32, 226,226 n,47 Müftüzade, Cemal 283 Munro, Sir Leslie 81 Mylonas, Nikodemos, Metropolitan of Kition 21 Nachmani, Amikam 134 Najjar, Amiel 119,119 n.244 Nall, Reuven 230 n.67,231 n.71,235 n.93, 241 n.116,242 n.118,256 n.196 Namir (Nemirovski), Mordechai 7,11 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 2,15,17,19,84,88, 98,102,116,135-6,142,145-9,151-4, 154 n.398,155,166-7,175,179-82, 187,190,191 n.20,203,206,208-10, 212-13,217,219,224-5,229,233,236, 245-6,246 n.139,247-50,250 n.165, 250 n.167,251,251 n.175,252, 252 n.177,253-5,255 n.192,255 n.194, 256,258-61,263,266,268,270 n.259, 274,179,281-2,286,291-5,298-300, 302 Nathanail, Kyriakos 139
320 Index of Names Nicholls, Sir John 70,70 n.29, 89,89 n.l 10, 90 n.lll, 117n.236 Nicolet, Claude 122 Nikola, Evgenios 141 Nishimura, Kumao 17 Ofer, Moshe 170 n.12,204 n.84, 225 n.38 Onassis, Aristotle 275 Örek, Osman 192,210 Örs, Yaman 80 n.64 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza, Shah of Iran 281 Palmer, Sir Richmond 21-2,42 Pantermalis, Pavlos 170 Papadopoulos, Tassos 192,193 n.27, 195-6,233-4,262,274,275 n.288 Papadopoulos, Vasos 141 Papagathangelou, Stavros 98 Papagos, Alexandros 62,67-9,97 Papaioannou, Ezekias 43,227 Papavassiliou, Prodromos 27,27 n.l9,28, 28 n.21-2,28 n.24,30-1,201 Pappas, Dimitrios 63,63 n.l70 Partassides, Kostas 42,42 n.99,201, 275 n.291 Paschalides, Paschalis 192,193 n.27,195, 195 n.37,208,213,246-7,247 n.144, 262,273-4,275 n.288 Passman, Charles 27 Paul I, King of Greece 54,60 Pavlides, Christodoulos 141 Peake, Sir Charles 104-5 Percival, David 273 Petrou, Michail 134 Pissas, Michalakis 138,166-7,178,249-50, 250 n.166,251 Plastiras, Nikolaos 43,68 Plumer, Fazil 192,208,262,274 Pougiouros, Andreas 227 Prato, Jeonathan 145,145 n.357,148, 148 n.371,157-8,158 n.422-3,162, 162 n.440,166,166 n.465,167, 167 n.468,170,170 n.9-10,171, 171 n.16,171 n.18,172,172 n.20,175, 175 n.30,175 n.32,176 n.34-5,178, 178 n.37,178 n.39-40,179-80, 180 n.42-3,212,212 n.127,221, 221 n.22,224 n.33,226,226 n.46-7, 237,237П.101 Qasim, Abd-al-Karim 131,154,181 Radcliffe, Cyril John 103,267 Rafael, Gideon 77 n.55,78 n.59-60, 80 n.65,81 n.71,82 n.73,82 n.76,91, 91 n.l23,92,118,118 n.240,135 n.309, 238 n.l04 Rallis, Georgios 113 Right, Sir Andrew 22 Rodopoulos, Konstantinos 107,113 Rokach,
Israel 29 Ronn, Eytan 172,172 n.21,278 n.310, 2781.312 Rosetti, Moshe 29 Rossides, Stelios 141 Rossides, Zenon 226,281-2 Roubach, Reuven 149 n.376,149 n.377, 150 n.381,150 n.382,151 n.384, 152 n.391,156 n.413,156 n.414, 162n.443,179 n.8,170 n.13 Roufos-Kanakaris, Rodis 92,92 n.125 Rüstem, Kemal 210 n.l 19 Sadat, Anwar 146,148-9,165 n.398,294 Salzman, Pnina 136,136 n.316-18 Sampson, Nikos 255,255 n.192 Sarper, Selim 48,79,79 n.62,118,238, 282-3,290 Sasson, Eliahu 46,46 n.l 12,47,47 n.l 1516,53 n.136,60,86 n.98,88,93, 93 n.128,155,182 n.49,182 n.51,197, 220,220 n.16,221,221 n.21,222, 222 n.23-5,222 n.27,224,224 n.35, 270 n.259 Sasson, Moshe 62,62 n.167-8,63-4, 64 n.l75,67,69 n.20,74,74 n.48, 85 n.92,182,182 n.51,218 n.2,220 Sawides, Christos 29 Shahab, Malek 253,253 n.181 Sharett, Moshe 2,6,8,13-15,44,44 n.105, 46,63,63 n.170,87,89,89 n.l 10,90, 90 n.l 11,91,91 n.123,93-4,94 n.133, 95,95 n.135,96,96 n.136,97-8,116, 163,201,287,289-90,299 Shek, Zeev 189 n.12 Shetkol, Shlomo 106,106 n.l 89
Index of Names Shiloakh, Reuven 125,126 n.273, 128 n.280,155 n.404,155 n.409,181-2, 182 n.49,245 n.132 Shomron, Gideon 50 n.126,90 n.l 17 Shprinzak, Yosef 107 Skouras, Dimitrios 239 Skouras, Spyros 123,223,223 n.29,228-9, 239,239 n.107,242,256,297 Skouras, Spyros (son of Dimitrios) 239 Slonim, David 32,32 n.47,32 n.52,33 n.54 Sneerson, Mordekhai 220,220 n.19, 221 n.21,232 n.81 Sufott, Zev 196 n.47,199,199 n.61, 218 n.2,222,226 n.43,226 n.49, 232 n.80-1,245 n.135,246 n.139 Süleyman, Ümit 210,210 n.l 18 Spaak, Paul-Henri 123,123 n.260-1 Spyridakis, Konstantinos 196,274, 275 n.288 Spyridon, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece 65-6,68 Stavrinides, Demosthenes 130 Stavropoulos, Constantine 55,55 n.143, 67-8,68 n.14 Stefanopoulos, Stefanos 62,62 n.168 Stefanou, Alexis 145,145 n.358 Storrs, Sir Ronald 21,57 n.150 Tagli, Niaz 139 Takiedinne, Khalil (Sheikh) 268,268 n.246 Tanneh, David 196,196 n.44 Theocharis, Riginos 192,193 n.27 Theodoropoulos, Vyron 172,172 n.22 Theotokis, Spyridon 98,98 n.l40 Thivy, John 114 n.216 Timotheos I, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem 56,56 n.l 49 Tov, Moshe 156 n.418,157-8,159 n.426-7, 160 n.428-9,160 n.432,161 n.433,164, 164 n.456,165 n.458,167,178 Truman, Harry 12,14 Tsatsos, Konstantinos 105 Tsatsos, Themistoklis 224,224 n.33,226, 226 n.47,230 n.65,262,262 n.219,266, 274 /-----------------------Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 321 Ttofaris, Ilias 134 Tzur, Yaakov 17 n.49,212,212 n.126,222, 224 n.34,226 n.43,227 n.51,227 n.53, 228,228 n.57-8,229 n.60-1 Venizelos, Eleftherios 21,69 n.22 Venizelos, Sofoklis 60,60 n.161,65,68,172 Vishinsky,
Andreij 18 n.50 Vlachos, Angelos 61,61 n.166,121,158, 162,172 n.20,180 Vlachos, Stelios 141 Wilkins, Fraser 124 n.268 Williams, Murat 193,193 n.30,214-15, 232,232 n.80,236 n.98 Yahil, Haim 236 n.95-6,236 n.99, 237 n.100-1,238,238 n.104, 239 n.105-6,239 n.108-9,241 n.l 16, 242 n.118,252 n.179-80,255 n.193, 277 n.304,277 n.307,279 n.313, 279 n.318,282 n.331,282 n.333, 283 n.335-6 Yaish, Nissim 50 n.l 27 Yamakis, Joseph (Iosif) 265,271-2 Yapou, Eliezer 142 n.350,177 n.35, 178 n.37,193 n.30,214 n.134, 215 n.136,218 n.2,222 Yaron (Lustig), Yerachmiel (Ram) 33-4, 34 n.62-5,34 n.67,35,35 n.69,36, 36 n.73-4,37,37 n.77-8,37 n.80,38, 38 n.83-5,39,41,44 n.l 07,50, 50 n.124-5,52,52 n.132-3,65,65 n.3, 66,66 n.5,66 n.7,66 n.9,67,67 n.l 1, 67 n.13 Yekutieli, Barukh 38 n.88 Yuval, Moshe 76 n.50 Zannetides, Kostas 196,196 n.49 Ziartides, Andreas 37,37 n.80,139 Zorin, Valerian 10 Zorlu, Fatin 150,150 n.382,155-7,160-1, 161 n.433,165,167,169,169 n.4,173, 181,181 n.49,220-1,221 n.21,222, 2221.23, 222 n.25,268,294
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Contents List of Figures x Abbreviations xi Acknowledgements xiii Prologue xiv Introduction 1 1 Chapter summaries 1 Sources 3 Israel and Cyprus: Between East and West 5 1.1 Israeli foreign policy: A question of orientation 5 1.1.1 Israel and the SovietUnion 8 1.1.2 Israel and the United States 12 1.1.3 Israel and the Third World 15 1.1.4 Fundamental pillars of Israel’s foreign policy in 17 the early 1950s 1.2 The importance of Cyprus to Britain and the Greek Cypriot factor 2 19 Israel, the Greek Cypriots and Regional Realities 23 2.1 Cyprus as a place of detention for Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, 1946-9) 23 2.2 Cooperation between Israelis and Greek Cypriots, 1946-9 26 2.3 The inauguration of Israel’s general consulate in Nicosia, 1950 30 2.3.1 The first issues on the agenda of the newly founded Israeli consulate in Cyprus 34 2.3.1.1 The Jewish community in Cyprus 34 2.3.1.2 The British authorities’cold shoulder 36 2.3.1.3 The Cypriot left-wing trade unions: A critical attitude 37 2.4 Israel and the Enosis movement, 1950-4 39 2.4.1 The reluctance of Ben-Gurion government to provide political support for the Enosis movement 39 2.4.2 Creating a new regional alliance amongst Israel, Turkey and Britain 45
vi Contents 2.4.2.1 The presence of Israeli entrepreneurs in Cyprus 49 2.4.2.2 The resonance of the Enosis Plebiscite and Turkish Cypriot concerns 50 2.4.3 Greek and Israeli regional foreign policy: A story of 52 incompatibility 2.4.3.1 Greece’s de facto recognition of Israel in 1952 59 2.4.3.2 The Cephalonia Earthquake and the perspectives in Greek-Israeli relations, 1953-4 3 62 Israel’s Stance on the Cyprus Question before the United Nations 65 3.1 Israel’s assessment of the intentions of the Cypriot ethnarchy and Greece to bring the Enosis issue before the UN, 1951-3 65 3.2 Israel’s attitude vis-à-vis the Cyprus question at the 9th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1954 3.2.1 67 The British factor 69 3.2.2 The Turkish factor 71 3.2.3 The Greek and Greek Cypriot factors 72 3.2.4 The Arab factor 73 3.2.5 Israel’s vote on the issue of Cyprus at the 9th Session of the UN General Assembly 75 3.3 Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue at the 10th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1955 83 3.3.1 Greece’s pro-Arab position 83 3.3.2 Israel’s concerns about the priorities of Turkey’s regional policy 86 3.3.2.1 The military cooperation agreement between Turkey and Iraq (Baghdad Agreement) 86 3.3.2.2 Turkey’s participation in the Bandung Conference 3.3.3 . Britain’s guarantee of Israel’s safety 88 89 3.3.4 Israel’s vote on the Cyprus issue at the 10th Session of the UN General Assembly 92 3.3.5 The position of the Israeli prime minister and Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett on the Cyprus issue, 1955) 93 3.4 The Israeli position on the Cyprus issue at the 11th UN General Assembly
Session, 1956 97 3.4.1 The eventful realignments of 1956 97 3.4.2 The Israeli assessment of developments in Cyprus 100 3.4.2.1 The Israeli assessment of Britain’s decision to exile Makarios 102 3.4.2.2 The developments in Cyprus and their effect on bilateral contacts between Greece and Israel 104
vii Contents 3.4.2.3 Upset in Turco-Israeli relations and the possibility of a pro-Greek Israeli reversal, 1956 109 3.4.3 The Israeli vote on the Cyprus issue at the 11th Session 112 of the UN General Assembly 3.5 The Israeli Stance on the Cyprus issue at the 12th Session 120 of the UN General Assembly, 1957 3.5.1 Israeli concerns and speculations on British intentions 120 and American pursuits in Cyprus 3.5.2 The Turkish tactic of‘Islamization’ of the Cypriot issue, 123 according to Israeli diplomatic reports 3.5.3 Assessments of the Israeli Consulate in Nicosia concerning 3.5.4 political trends among Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriots 125 3.5.3.1 The Greek Cypriot political scene 126 3.5.3.2 The Turkish Cypriot political scene 127 3.5.3.3 Israel’s image in Cypriot society 128 . The Israeli vote on the Cyprus issue at the 12th Session 130 of the UN General Assembly 3.6 The Israeli stance on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1958 131 3.6.1 The Foot Plan and Israeli assessments 132 3.6.1.1 The Israeli consulate’s concerns over Israel’s image in Cypriot public opinion 135 3.6.1.1.1 Zeev Levin’s contacts with Cypriot trade unionism and his political intervention in favour of the Greek Cypriots 137 3.6.1.1.2 Turkish Cypriot public opinion and Israel: ‘Filistin’ or ‘Israil’? 142 3.6.2 Makarios’ visit to Cairo in June 1958, viewed through Israeli diplomatic reports 145 3.6.3 The Macmillan Plan and Israeli concerns about UAR influence in Cyprus 149 3.6.4 The Turkish-Israeli rapprochement, 1958 154 3.6.5 Israeli pro-Turkish manoeuvres on the Cyprus
issue at the UN 156 3.6.5.1 Israeli critique of the Greek positions 161 3.6.5.2 The vote on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly 163 3.6.6 Assessing Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue at the 4 13th Session of the UN General Assembly 166 Israel and the London-Zurich Agreements on Cyprus 169
viii Contents 4.1 Israel’s information about negotiations between Greece, Turkey and Great Britain in view of the London-Zurich Agreements 169 4.2 The repercussions of the London and Zurich Agreements on Greece and Turkey, according to Israeli diplomatic reports 171 4.2.1 Repercussions on Greece 171 4.2.2 Repercussions on Turkey 173 4.3 Prospects for improved diplomatic relations between Israel and Greece and Israel and Turkey following the London-Zurich Agreements 174 4.3.1 Prospects for the normalization of Israeli-Greek diplomatic relations 175 4.3.2 Prospects for improvement in Israeli-Turkish relations 5 180 Israel and Cyprus in the Transition Period 185 5.1 Israel’s assessments and concerns about the orientation of the regional foreign policy of the soon-to-be independent State of Cyprus 185 5.2 The impact of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots on relations between independent Cyprus and Israel 186 The Greek Cypriot factor 5.2.1 191 5.2.1.1 TheGreek Cypriot ministers of the Transitional government 192 5.2.1.2 The anti-Makarios Right 197 5.2.1.3 The position of the leftist AKEL Party 200 5.2.1.4 Statements made by Makarios to the Washington Star 205 on relations between Cyprus, Israel and the Arabs 5.2.2 The Turkish Cypriot positions vis-à-vis relations between Israel and Cyprus 208 5.3 Assessment of Israel’s contacts with the Greek and the 6 Turkish Cypriot communities in 1959 Independent Cyprus and the Arab-Israeli Tug of War 211 217 6.1 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvring in view of Cyprus’ declaration of independence 217 6.1.1 Israel’s views on forming bilateral relations
with Cyprus: The meeting at the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 2 July 1959 218 6.1.2 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvres in view of the declaration of Cypriot independence and the 20 December meeting at the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6.1.3 Operation Spyros Skouras’ 220 228
ix Contents 6.1.4 The standstill in negotiations in Cyprus, February-July 1960, through Israeli diplomatic reports 229 6.1.5 Bilateral meetings between Greek Cypriot and Israeli officials from February to July 1960 233 6.1.6 Israel’s diplomatic manoeuvres leading up to the day of Cyprus’ Declaration of Independence, 16 August 1960 236 6.2 Arab actions against the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cyprus and Israel 242 6.2.1 The Arab boycott on Israel 243 6.2.1.1 The political aspect of the Arab boycott and Cyprus 244 6.2.2 Relations between the UAR and Cyprus during the Transitional Period, in Israeli diplomatic reports 245 6.2.3 Lebanon’s policy in Cyprus during the Transitional Period in Israeli diplomatic reports 256 6.2.3.1 Lebanon and the Cypriot Maronites 257 6.2.3.1.1 Lebanon’s interest in the status of Maronites 257 in the Cypriot political system 6.2.3.1.2 Maronite parliamentary representation in Cyprus as a Lebanese priority 261 6.2.3.2 Lebanon, the Arab boycott and Cypriot-Israeli 272 relations 6.3 The impact of diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Israel on the Arab world, Greece and Turkey 7 276 285 Overview of Israel’s Foreign Policy towards Cyprus, 1946-60 7.1 Western guarantees for Israel’s security and the background to regional collaboration between Turkey and Israel during the 1950s 285 7.2 Israel’s stance on the Cyprus issue up to 1957 287 7.3 Israel’s reasons for supporting Turkey’s positions on the Cyprus issue at the 13th Session of the UN General Assembly, 1958 291 7.4 Israeli foreign policy and Cyprus in the
Transitional Period 295 7.5 Conclusions 298 7.5.1 1946-1949 298 7.5.2 1950-1957 299 7.5.3 1958 299 7.5.4 1959-1960 300 Archival Sources and Bibliography 303 Index of Names 315
Archival Sources and Bibliography Primary sources Unpublished IDFA - Israel Defense Forces Archive IDFA-481 Operations Directorate IDFA-922 Operations Directorate IDFA-1003 Human Resources Department IDFA-1042 Human Resources Department ISA - Israel State Archives, Jerusalem ISA/RG43/G Interministerial Correspondence ISA/RG59/GL Interministerial Correspondence ISA/RG93/MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs ISA/RG105/PRES Office of the President of the State of Israel ISA/RG130/MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem Monastery, List of Monks [monachologion Archives of the Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus, Nicosia Archives of the Municipality of Rhodes Archive of minutes from the Municipality of Rhodes council meetings Author’s family archives Historical Archives of the Pancyprian Federation of Labour (PEO), Nicosia International Relations sub-section / File: Israel, 1946-1962 MAA - Milli Arçiv ve Ara^tirma Dairesi / National Archives and Research Department, Kyrenia МАА-GZ Newspaper archives Public Information Office (PIO), Ministry of Interior, Republic of Cyprus, Nicosia Cypriot Press Archives Published Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works of Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus],\'ol. 1. Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1992. Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, Ourania Kokkinou, ed. Apanta Archiepiskopou Kyprou Makariou III [The Collected Works of Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus],\7ol. 2. Nicosia:
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Index of Names Acheson, Dean 13 Açikahn, Mehmet Cevat 220,224-5, 148 n.149,270 n.259 Adamantos, Adam (Adamos) 27,29,201 Akinci, Nurettin 89 Aldin, Hakki 268-9 Allen, Sir Roger 153 Almog,Yehoshua 170 n.ll Alon, Moshe 123,124 n.262,124 n.264, 124 n.266-8,125 n.270-2,145, 145 n.358,146,146 n.359,149, 150 n.378,151,151 n.385-6,169,170, 170 n.6-7,173,173 n.23,174,174 n.27, 220 n.18,220 n.24,268,269 n.250,282, 282 n.333,283 n.335 Al-Sahrawi, Salahaddin 254,254 n.189,255 Al-Said, Nuri 88,88 n.102,89 Al-Saud, Saud bin Abdulaziz 125, 125 n.271 Amarilio, David Sam 63 n.171 Amir, Rekhavam 35 n.70,61 n. 164 Ammoun, Fuad 264,264 n.227 Arad, Shimshon 124 n.265 Araouzos, Andreas 249 Arif, Osman 139 Ashiotis, Costas 283 Auster, Daniel 29 Averoff-Tositsas, Evangelos 98,107-8, 188 n.195,109,113-14,131,145, 153 n.396,158,161-3,166 n.466,169, 173,223,226,237,252,282,282 n.331, 290,294-5,301 Avner, Gershon 59 n.160,70,70 n.24,72, 73 n.37 Avnon, Zvi 32 n.50,33,33 n.55-7,33 n.59, 33 n.61 Azinas, Andreas 193 n.27,208,210,246, 274,275 n.288 Balfour, Arthur 23 Barkat, Reuven 142 n.358 Barmore, Jaacov 232 n.78 Bayar, Celâl 110-11,268,268 n.248,289 Bayramoglu, Fuat 50-2 Bayülken, Haluk 278 n.310 Belcher, Taylor 122,207,207 n.103,225, 232,245,249 n.161,255 Ben-Gurion, David 2,5-6,8,10,13-14, 17-19,30,38-9,39 n.89,40,40 n.92, 41-2,44,63,63 n.171,66 n.10,70, 70 n.29,77,78 n.57,82,94,97-8,112, 117 n.235,120 n.247,137,155 n.404, 156,176,181,191,191 n.20,200-1,204, 215,238,279,279 n.314,285-8,292, 294,299 Bentzur, Shmuel 222,238 n.104 Ben-Yaakov, Yitzhak 194 n.31 Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak 219 n.13,238,240, 2401112,
241,241 n.117 Berdy, Gabriel 31,31 n.40,31 n.44,32, 32 n.46,32 n.50,32 n.52,32 n.58,33, 33 n.56,36 n.72 Berdy, Michael 31 n.40 Berdy, Rosa 31 n.40 Berger,Sam 170 n.l 1 Bernadotte, Folke (Count of Wisborg) 54, 54 n.138-9,55,55 n.144 Bernstein, Peretz 94,94 n.133,95 n.135, 96-7 Bevin, Ernest 26 Bilge, Suat 230 n.65,263,263 n.223, 274 Birgi, Nuri 87,109,111 Borg, Alexander 266 n.239,267 n.239 Bridel, Marcel 230 n.65 Bunche, Ralph 56,56 n.146 Caroz,Yaacov210 n.l 18 Castle, Barbara 153,153 n.396,169 Christou, Andreas 139 Christopoulos, Georgios 237,252, 252 n.l76,252 n.l78,275 n.288
316 Index of Names Chrysanthopoulos, Themistoklis 55, 55 n.145 derides, Glafcos 192,196,198,230,262 derides, Ioannis 192 n.39,198,198 n.55, 199,202,202 n.78 Cohen, Avraham 264 n.224 Cohen, Chayim 196 Comay, Michael 32 n.49-52,33 n.54-5, 33 n.57,33 n.60-1,37 n.77,41,42 n.97, 44 n.108,161,161 n.433,161 n.435, 161 n.439,162,162 n.440-1,162 n.444, 163,163 n.445,164 n.452,164 n.456, 165 n.458,170 n.9,170 n.10,196 n.46, 218 n.2,218 n.6,219 n.8 Dajani, Burhan 253,253 n.181 Darom, Avraham 68,68 n.17,84 n.84,85, 85 n.88-90,86 n.96,97,90 n.l 12-13, 104,104 n.181,105,107 n.192,108, 108 n.195,109,109 n.198,113, 113 n.213-14,114,114 n.216-17,105, 107 n.192,108,108 n.195,109, 109 n.198,113,113 n.213-14,114, 114 n.216-17 Dayan, Moshe 48 de Hirsch, Maurice 25 n.8,31 de la Cierva y Lewita, Antonio 57 n.l51 Denkta?, Rauf 128,190,208,210-11, 211 n.122,211 n.l 24,213,230, 230 n.65,235,263,263 n.223,274, 295 Derderian, Yeghishe, Deputy Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Patriarchate in Jerusalem 57 Dervis, Katia 198 Dervis, Themistoklis 73,78,129,195 n.39, 197,197 n.52,198,198 n.60,199-200, 202 n.78,248,277,277 n.308,296 Dimitratos, Aristidis 142 n.352 Dimitriou, Andreas 106-7,290 Disraeli, Benjamin 20 Divon, Shmuel 50 n.l27 Dotan, Alexander 215 n.139 Dulles, John Foster 87,87 n.99,101 n.161, 123-4,161 Eban,Abba46,46 n.Ill,78,78 n.59,85-7, 87 n.99,118,135,135 n.309,155, 155 n.409 Eden, Sir Anthony 70,70 n.27-8,89, 89 n.HO, 114 n.216 Efstathiades, Loukis 139 Ehrlich, Avraham 201 n.75 Eisenberg, Yehoshua 196 Eisenhower, Dwight 14-15,99,177 n.235, 120 n.247,122,223,223 n.29 Elath (Epstein),
Eliahu 7,48,48 n.120-1, 70,70 п.28,118n.237 Eliash, Mordechai 30 Eliav, Pinhas 222 El-Nokrashy, Mahmood Pasha 55 Emin, Mustafa 139 Emmanuel, Isaac 63 n. 171 Epiphanios, Archbishop of Philadelphia 56-7,57П.151 Ereil, Moshe 142 n.350,193,193 n.30,214, 214 n.134,215 n.136,225 n.40, 232 n.77,232 n.78,233 n.82 Erim, Nihat 230 n.65,263,263 n.223,274 Erkin, Feridun 46,46 n.l 11 Eshkol, Nachum 244 n.127,253 n.184-6, 254,254 n.l 87 Eytan, Walter 5-6,32 n.51,40,41 n.93,56, 56n.l47,71,71 n.30,94 n.132,112, 112П.207,117n.231,117n.233, 117 n.236,118 n.237,158 n.422-3, 163 n.445,166-7,167 n.468,172, 172 n.21,176,176 n.34,178,178 n.39, 191,221 n.22,278 n.309,278 n.312 Faisal II, King of Iraq 110 Farah, Elias (Elie), Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Cyprus 261,261 n.212,262,265-6 Farah, Michel 194,217,260-2,266,268, 272-3,275 Fawzi, Mahmood 235,247-8,256, 256 n.196,274 Fischer, Maurice 87,87 n.l00,88,88 n. 101, 88 n.103,109-10,110 n.202,156 n.418, 158 n.425,172 n.20,180,180 n.43,222, 224 n.35,226,226 n.42,229 n.59,237, 237 n.100,238,238 n.102,252, 252 n.l79,270 n.259,278 n.310, 178 n.312,282,282 n.331 Fletcher, Reginald Thomas Herbert (Lord Winster) 22,44-5 Foley, Charles 247
Index of Names Foot, Sir Hugh 122,122 n.256,130,132-3, 133 n.301,139-40,140 n.343,203, 204 n.83,207,213,213 n.132,225,266, 291 Foradaris, Ioannis, Vicar-General 266 Frederica, Queen Consort of Greece 54,60 Frydas, Aristotelis 191,212 Gadish, Yosef 28 n.23 Garoufalias, Petros 113 Gazit, Mordechai 49 n.122,100 n.158,102, 102 n.170 Gefen, Abba 222 Gennadios, Metropolitan of Salamis 40n.91,129 George VI, King of England 30,30 n.36,42 Georgiades, Antonis 192,192 n.27,208 Georgiou, Georgios-Paul 194,194 n.34-5 Georkadjis, Polycarpos 192,193 n.27,208 Georkas, Giorgos 139 Giladi, Avraham 92 n.125 Gilead, Barouch 101 n.162,110 n.201, 111 n.204,112n.206 Gori, Alberto, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem 57 Granot, Avraham 56 n.149 Grebenc, Marie 205,205 n.89,205 n.93, 206,206 n.95-7,207,207 n.148 Grivas, Georgios 100-1,106,134,152, 173-4,195 n.39,200-1,205,205 n.89, 206,206 n.94,206 n.96-7,207-8,225, 228,232,247,248 n.148,255 Gubran, Farah 278 Günaltay, Mehmet Semsettin 45 Gürsel, Cemal 230,251,251 n.174 Gutmann, Emmanuel 28 n.22 Hakim, George, Greek Catholic Archbishop of Galilee 57 Hamadeh, Sabri 274 Hammarskjöld, Dag 76 Harel, Isser 38 n.87 Harding, Sir John 98,100,100 n.158, 101-2,104,122 n.256,130,132,203 Haritos, Gabriel 55-6,56 n. 146-7,58-9 Harman, Avraham 212 n.126,228, 228 n.57-8,239,242 Harriman, Averell 124 Hastings, Stephen 249,249 n.161 317 Hayimzon, Shlomo 26 Herzog, Chaim 233,233 n.85,234 Herzog, Yaakov 56 n.149,57 n.151 Hilb, Gad 28 n.21 Hoidas, Konstantinos 266 Holland, Robert 20 Holmes, Julius 122-3 Horam, Yehuda 117,117 n.233 lakovos (Jacob), Archbishop of North and
South America 226 loannides, Polykarpos 98 Ioannou, Evripidis 252 Içm, Burhan 151 istinyeli, §efkati 88,160 Jacob, Coptic Archbishop of Jerusalem and the Near East 57 Jones, Owen 225,225 n.40,232 Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis 178-80 Kapel, Shmuel 282,282 n.330 Karamanlis, Konstantinos 55 n.143, 98-101,104-5,112,114,114 n.216, 142 n.352,153 n.396,171-3,204-5, 223,251,282,282 n.329 Karami, Rashid 259,274 Karaolis, Michail 106-7,290 Kassimatis, Grigorios 113 Kavassiadis, Konstantinos 106,106 n.187 Kessler, Eric Ernst 173,173 n.23 Kidron, Avraham 33,33 n.54-5,33 n.5961,35,35 n.70-1,36,73 n.41,74,83, 83 n.80,85,90,90 n.l 14,90 n.l 16-17, 90 n.l 19,91 n.121-2,93,93 n.127,97, 97 n.138,100,100 n.156,100 n.159, 101 n.161,103 n.173,104 n.179-80, 105,105 n.184,106,106 n.186,107, 107 n.190-1,113,222,269 n.252 Kidron, Mordechai 32 n.49-52,67, 68 n.14 Kleopas, Metropolitan of Paphos 40 n.90, 41,41 n.94,42 n.97,45,66,66 n.10, 287 Kohl, Moshe 29 Kollek, Teddy 195,195 n.41,196,196 n.42, 196 n.44 Kollios, Georgios 141 Kontos, Apostolos 283
318 Index of Names Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat 46,46 n. 112,47-8, 87-8,88 n.101,88 n.103,101, 101П.163, HOn.202, 111 Kranidiotis, Nikos 189,189 n.12,208,226, 246 Küçük, Ahmet 278 Küçük, Fazil 127-8,142-3,143 n.354,150, 151 n.384,156,156 n.413,161,171, 174,187,189-90,192,203,207-10, 210 n.120,213,219,221-2,222 n.25, 223,225-7,230-2,236,238-41, 242 n.l 18,246 n.141,255-6,261 n.212, 264 n.227,266,270,276-8,278 n.310, 282-4,295,297-8,301 Kuneralp, Zeki 282 Kyprianos, Metropolitan of Kyrenia 40 n.91,66-7,98,101-2,234 Kyprianou, Spyros 235-6,240,240 n.l 14, 256,256 n.196,283,301 Kyriakides, Ioannis 141 Kyriakides, Renos 206 n.96 Kyrou, Alexis 68-9,69 n.22,77-8,79 n.62, 81 n.68,83 n.78,288 Lambrou, Nikos 141 Laub, Morris 27 Lavon, Pinhas 7-8,19 Lennox-Boyd, Alan Tindal 103 Leshem, Peretz 120-1,121 n.249-50,122, 122 n.252,122 n.256-7,123,125-6, 126 n.273,127-8,128 n.279-80,129, 129 n.283,130,130 n.286-8,131 n.292, 133,133 n.301-2,134-5,135 n.308, 135 n.310,136,136 n.314-5,136 n.318, 138,138 n.326,140,140 n.334, 140 n.340,141,141 n.347,143, 143 n.354,149,149 n.374,150 n.379, 151,151 n.388,156 n412,186,186 n.5, 187,187 n.6-7,188,188 n.8,188 n.1011,190,190 n.16,191,191 n.22,192, 192 n.24,193,193 n.27,194 n.32, 194 n.36,195,195 n.40-1,196, 196 n.46-9,196 n.53,198,198 n.58-9, 199,199 n.61,199 n.64,200 n.67,203, 203 n.82,206,208 n.ll 1,209, 209 n.117,218,244 n.128,261 n.215, 273 n.271,273 n.272,273 n.274-6 Levanon, Chaim 198 Levavi, Arye 60,60 n.161 Levi, Shabtai 29 Levin, Yehuda (Harry) 194,194 n.31 Levin, Zeev 137,137 n.322-3,138, 138 n.324,138 n.326,139,139 n.331-2, 140,140 n.333,140
n.335,140 n.338, 140 n.341,140 n.343,141,141 n.346-7, 141 n.349,142,142 n.351,142 n.352, 166-7,167 n.468,178,178 n.36,193, 193 n.29,194,194 n.31,196 n.42-3, 197 n.50,199 n.66,200-2,202 n.77-8, 207,207 n.100-2,208,208 n.108-10, 209 n.l 14,210,210 n.l 16-19,211, 211 n.121-5,212,212 n.127,213, 213 n.129,213 n.131-2,218,218 n.2, 219 n.10,222,222 n.26,223,223 n.334,225 n.37,225 n.39,226,226 n.43-7, 226 n.49,227,227 n.51-3,228, 228 n.55,229,229 n.60-1,230, 230 n.62-3,230 n.66-7,231,231 n.712,232,232 n.79-80,233,233 n.86,234, 234 n.87-8,235,235 n.90,235 n.92-3, 236,236 n.95-6,235 n.99,237 n. 100-1, 238,238 n.104,239,239 n.105-6, 239 n.108-9,240,240 n.114,241, 241 n.l 15-17,242,242 n.l 18-19,245, 245 n.l34-5,246,246 n.l39,246 n.l42, 247,247 n.144,248 n.l51,249 n.158-61,250 n.166,251,251 n.16973,252,252 n.176-80,253,253 n.182, 255,255 n.190-1,255 n.193,256, 256 n.196,260,260 n.208,261, 261 n.211,262,262 n.218,262 n.221, 264 n.224,264 n.226,264 n.228,265, 265 n.230-3,266,266 n.234, 266 n.237-8,269 n.252,270,270 n.258, 271,271 n.261-3,272 n.268,274, 274 n.278,274 n.280,274 n.284-6, 275 n.288,275 n.291,276-7,277 n.304, 277 n.307,278-9,279 n.313,279 n.318, 280,280 n.321,282 n.330,282 n.331-2, 283,283 n.336-7,301-2 Lie, Trygve 44 n.l05,54,66 Limon, Mordechai (Mocha) 234 n.88, 235 n.90 Lloyd, Selwyn 161 Loizides, Savvas 136 Loker, Zvi 97 n.139,162-3,163 n.445, 191 n.22,192 n.26,193,193 n.112, 218 n.2,222,226 n.49,228,228 n.55
Index of Names Lourie, Arthur 50 n.126,89,89 n.109 Lutfi, Mustafa 280,280 n.320,282,302 McGhee, George 170 Macleod, Iain 267 Macmillan, Harold 117,122,132, 132 n.295,145-6,149-50,150 n.380, 151-2,153 n.394-5,156,156 n.413, 158,161,169,171,293 Makarios II, Archbishop of Cyprus 39, 40 n.91-2,41,41 n.93-4,45,287 Makarios III, Archbishop of Cyprus 41 n.,94,44,44 n. 105-6,44 n.108,45, 53,65-7,67 n.12,68,68 n.14,69, 69 n. 19-21,76-8,78 n.57,82-5,90,92, 98,98 n.140,99-100,100 n.157,101-6, 112,114,120-5,129-30,133-4,136-8, 145-7,147 n.367,148-53,153 n.394, 153 n.396,154,161,169,169 n.5, 171-4,177-8,187,189-92,195 n.39, 197-200,202,202 n.78,203-4, 204 n.84,205,205 n.93,206,206 n.95-8,207-8,208 n.l 10,209-10, 212-14,217,219,219 n.13,220-2, 222 n.25,223,223 n.30,224-7, 227 n.51,228-31,231 n.72,232, 234-40,240 n.112-13,241,241 n.117, 242,245-6,246 n.141,247-8, 248 n.148,249,249 n.l 61,250, 250 n.165,251-6,259,261,261 n.212, 263,265-6,270,270 n.259,271-2, 275 n.287,276-8,278 n.309-11,279, 279 n.314,279 n.317,280-4,287-8, 290,292-8,300-2 Makris, Fotis 250-1 Malik, Yakov 9 Mancia, Alfredo Ortiz 158-9,159 n.427, 160 n.428-9 Mandossian, Enger Krikor 261 п.210,275, 275 n.287 Manyera, Niyazi 192 Mao, Zedong 15 Margaritis, Dimitrios 20 Markides, Diana 231 Marom, Eliezer 70 n.25,73,73 n.38, 73 n.40,74,74 n.44 Mazar, Benjamin 106,106 n.187 Meir (Meyerson), Golda 6,9,9 n.8,10, 10 n.17,11,18 n.50,28,94,97 n.139,98, 319 112,112 n.207,115-17,117 n.231,119, 125,130,155,155 n.404,156,163, 163 n.445,167,181,192 n.26,193,220, 222,222 n.25,224,226 n.42,235-6, 238,238 n. 102,239-40,240 n.l 13-14, 241
n.114,241 n.l 16,242,242 n.l 18, 279,279 n.315,290,293,299 Meir, Meir 115 n.222,115 n.224 Melas, Georgios 85-6 Menderes, Adnan 47,87,87 n.100,88, 88 n.102,89,101,124,132,156,173-4, 181,204,230,292,294,299 Menon, Krishna 113 n.215,118,164 Merom, Eliezer 49,49 n.l22 Meroz,Yohanan 71,71 n.32-3,72,72 n.36, 73,73 n.43,238 n.104 Michailides, Michalakis 139 Mizrahi, Shoshana 34 Moissis, Asher 52 n.135,53,53 n.137,59, 61,61 n.163,65,65 n.2,66 n.4,66 n.6, 69,69 n.21 Montis, Costas 249,253-4 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 281 Moschopoulos, Ioannis 57,57 n.l51,58, 60,60 n.161 Mourtzoukos, Anselmos 224,224 n.32, 226,226 n,47 Müftüzade, Cemal 283 Munro, Sir Leslie 81 Mylonas, Nikodemos, Metropolitan of Kition 21 Nachmani, Amikam 134 Najjar, Amiel 119,119 n.244 Nall, Reuven 230 n.67,231 n.71,235 n.93, 241 n.116,242 n.118,256 n.196 Namir (Nemirovski), Mordechai 7,11 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 2,15,17,19,84,88, 98,102,116,135-6,142,145-9,151-4, 154 n.398,155,166-7,175,179-82, 187,190,191 n.20,203,206,208-10, 212-13,217,219,224-5,229,233,236, 245-6,246 n.139,247-50,250 n.165, 250 n.167,251,251 n.175,252, 252 n.177,253-5,255 n.192,255 n.194, 256,258-61,263,266,268,270 n.259, 274,179,281-2,286,291-5,298-300, 302 Nathanail, Kyriakos 139
320 Index of Names Nicholls, Sir John 70,70 n.29, 89,89 n.l 10, 90 n.lll, 117n.236 Nicolet, Claude 122 Nikola, Evgenios 141 Nishimura, Kumao 17 Ofer, Moshe 170 n.12,204 n.84, 225 n.38 Onassis, Aristotle 275 Örek, Osman 192,210 Örs, Yaman 80 n.64 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza, Shah of Iran 281 Palmer, Sir Richmond 21-2,42 Pantermalis, Pavlos 170 Papadopoulos, Tassos 192,193 n.27, 195-6,233-4,262,274,275 n.288 Papadopoulos, Vasos 141 Papagathangelou, Stavros 98 Papagos, Alexandros 62,67-9,97 Papaioannou, Ezekias 43,227 Papavassiliou, Prodromos 27,27 n.l9,28, 28 n.21-2,28 n.24,30-1,201 Pappas, Dimitrios 63,63 n.l70 Partassides, Kostas 42,42 n.99,201, 275 n.291 Paschalides, Paschalis 192,193 n.27,195, 195 n.37,208,213,246-7,247 n.144, 262,273-4,275 n.288 Passman, Charles 27 Paul I, King of Greece 54,60 Pavlides, Christodoulos 141 Peake, Sir Charles 104-5 Percival, David 273 Petrou, Michail 134 Pissas, Michalakis 138,166-7,178,249-50, 250 n.166,251 Plastiras, Nikolaos 43,68 Plumer, Fazil 192,208,262,274 Pougiouros, Andreas 227 Prato, Jeonathan 145,145 n.357,148, 148 n.371,157-8,158 n.422-3,162, 162 n.440,166,166 n.465,167, 167 n.468,170,170 n.9-10,171, 171 n.16,171 n.18,172,172 n.20,175, 175 n.30,175 n.32,176 n.34-5,178, 178 n.37,178 n.39-40,179-80, 180 n.42-3,212,212 n.127,221, 221 n.22,224 n.33,226,226 n.46-7, 237,237П.101 Qasim, Abd-al-Karim 131,154,181 Radcliffe, Cyril John 103,267 Rafael, Gideon 77 n.55,78 n.59-60, 80 n.65,81 n.71,82 n.73,82 n.76,91, 91 n.l23,92,118,118 n.240,135 n.309, 238 n.l04 Rallis, Georgios 113 Right, Sir Andrew 22 Rodopoulos, Konstantinos 107,113 Rokach,
Israel 29 Ronn, Eytan 172,172 n.21,278 n.310, 2781.312 Rosetti, Moshe 29 Rossides, Stelios 141 Rossides, Zenon 226,281-2 Roubach, Reuven 149 n.376,149 n.377, 150 n.381,150 n.382,151 n.384, 152 n.391,156 n.413,156 n.414, 162n.443,179 n.8,170 n.13 Roufos-Kanakaris, Rodis 92,92 n.125 Rüstem, Kemal 210 n.l 19 Sadat, Anwar 146,148-9,165 n.398,294 Salzman, Pnina 136,136 n.316-18 Sampson, Nikos 255,255 n.192 Sarper, Selim 48,79,79 n.62,118,238, 282-3,290 Sasson, Eliahu 46,46 n.l 12,47,47 n.l 1516,53 n.136,60,86 n.98,88,93, 93 n.128,155,182 n.49,182 n.51,197, 220,220 n.16,221,221 n.21,222, 222 n.23-5,222 n.27,224,224 n.35, 270 n.259 Sasson, Moshe 62,62 n.167-8,63-4, 64 n.l75,67,69 n.20,74,74 n.48, 85 n.92,182,182 n.51,218 n.2,220 Sawides, Christos 29 Shahab, Malek 253,253 n.181 Sharett, Moshe 2,6,8,13-15,44,44 n.105, 46,63,63 n.170,87,89,89 n.l 10,90, 90 n.l 11,91,91 n.123,93-4,94 n.133, 95,95 n.135,96,96 n.136,97-8,116, 163,201,287,289-90,299 Shek, Zeev 189 n.12 Shetkol, Shlomo 106,106 n.l 89
Index of Names Shiloakh, Reuven 125,126 n.273, 128 n.280,155 n.404,155 n.409,181-2, 182 n.49,245 n.132 Shomron, Gideon 50 n.126,90 n.l 17 Shprinzak, Yosef 107 Skouras, Dimitrios 239 Skouras, Spyros 123,223,223 n.29,228-9, 239,239 n.107,242,256,297 Skouras, Spyros (son of Dimitrios) 239 Slonim, David 32,32 n.47,32 n.52,33 n.54 Sneerson, Mordekhai 220,220 n.19, 221 n.21,232 n.81 Sufott, Zev 196 n.47,199,199 n.61, 218 n.2,222,226 n.43,226 n.49, 232 n.80-1,245 n.135,246 n.139 Süleyman, Ümit 210,210 n.l 18 Spaak, Paul-Henri 123,123 n.260-1 Spyridakis, Konstantinos 196,274, 275 n.288 Spyridon, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece 65-6,68 Stavrinides, Demosthenes 130 Stavropoulos, Constantine 55,55 n.143, 67-8,68 n.14 Stefanopoulos, Stefanos 62,62 n.168 Stefanou, Alexis 145,145 n.358 Storrs, Sir Ronald 21,57 n.150 Tagli, Niaz 139 Takiedinne, Khalil (Sheikh) 268,268 n.246 Tanneh, David 196,196 n.44 Theocharis, Riginos 192,193 n.27 Theodoropoulos, Vyron 172,172 n.22 Theotokis, Spyridon 98,98 n.l40 Thivy, John 114 n.216 Timotheos I, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem 56,56 n.l 49 Tov, Moshe 156 n.418,157-8,159 n.426-7, 160 n.428-9,160 n.432,161 n.433,164, 164 n.456,165 n.458,167,178 Truman, Harry 12,14 Tsatsos, Konstantinos 105 Tsatsos, Themistoklis 224,224 n.33,226, 226 n.47,230 n.65,262,262 n.219,266, 274 /-----------------------Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 321 Ttofaris, Ilias 134 Tzur, Yaakov 17 n.49,212,212 n.126,222, 224 n.34,226 n.43,227 n.51,227 n.53, 228,228 n.57-8,229 n.60-1 Venizelos, Eleftherios 21,69 n.22 Venizelos, Sofoklis 60,60 n.161,65,68,172 Vishinsky,
Andreij 18 n.50 Vlachos, Angelos 61,61 n.166,121,158, 162,172 n.20,180 Vlachos, Stelios 141 Wilkins, Fraser 124 n.268 Williams, Murat 193,193 n.30,214-15, 232,232 n.80,236 n.98 Yahil, Haim 236 n.95-6,236 n.99, 237 n.100-1,238,238 n.104, 239 n.105-6,239 n.108-9,241 n.l 16, 242 n.118,252 n.179-80,255 n.193, 277 n.304,277 n.307,279 n.313, 279 n.318,282 n.331,282 n.333, 283 n.335-6 Yaish, Nissim 50 n.l 27 Yamakis, Joseph (Iosif) 265,271-2 Yapou, Eliezer 142 n.350,177 n.35, 178 n.37,193 n.30,214 n.134, 215 n.136,218 n.2,222 Yaron (Lustig), Yerachmiel (Ram) 33-4, 34 n.62-5,34 n.67,35,35 n.69,36, 36 n.73-4,37,37 n.77-8,37 n.80,38, 38 n.83-5,39,41,44 n.l 07,50, 50 n.124-5,52,52 n.132-3,65,65 n.3, 66,66 n.5,66 n.7,66 n.9,67,67 n.l 1, 67 n.13 Yekutieli, Barukh 38 n.88 Yuval, Moshe 76 n.50 Zannetides, Kostas 196,196 n.49 Ziartides, Andreas 37,37 n.80,139 Zorin, Valerian 10 Zorlu, Fatin 150,150 n.382,155-7,160-1, 161 n.433,165,167,169,169 n.4,173, 181,181 n.49,220-1,221 n.21,222, 2221.23, 222 n.25,268,294 |
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| author | Haritos, Gabriel |
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| author_facet | Haritos, Gabriel |
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| contents | Chapter One: Israel And Cyprus; Between East And West Chapter Two: Israel, The Greek-Cypriots And Regional Realities Chapter Three: Israel's Stance On The Cyprus Question Before The United Nations Chapter Four: Israel And The London-Zurich Agreements On Cyprus Chapter Five: Israel And Cyprus In The Transitional Period Chapter Six: Independent Cyprus And The Arab-Israeli Tug Of War Chapter Seven: Overview Of Israel's Foreign Policy Towards Cyprus 1946-1960 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1346942747 (DE-599)BVBBV049444826 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:12:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:07:21Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Haritos, Gabriel Verfasser (DE-588)1286865557 aut Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 Gabriel Haritos New York ; London ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2023 xii, 321 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier First published in Greek in 2018 Chapter One: Israel And Cyprus; Between East And West Chapter Two: Israel, The Greek-Cypriots And Regional Realities Chapter Three: Israel's Stance On The Cyprus Question Before The United Nations Chapter Four: Israel And The London-Zurich Agreements On Cyprus Chapter Five: Israel And Cyprus In The Transitional Period Chapter Six: Independent Cyprus And The Arab-Israeli Tug Of War Chapter Seven: Overview Of Israel's Foreign Policy Towards Cyprus 1946-1960 Providing a detailed account of Israel's foreign policy towards the Cyprus question between 1946 and the declaration of Cypriot independence in August 1960, Gabriel Haritos examines the international and regional factors which shaped Israel's approach to diplomatic relations with the independent Republic of Cyprus. Based on newly available archival material from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, declassified at the author's request, and on archival material collected from both sides of the Cypriot divide, Haritos highlights previously unknown events, and the key personalities involved in Israel's political and diplomatic interactions over the Cyprus question. In doing so, he offers key insights into the Middle Eastern aspect of the unresolved Cyprus conflict. -- Translated from the Greek Geschichte 1946-1960 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Zypern (DE-588)4079596-2 gnd rswk-swf Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 gnd rswk-swf Israel / Foreign relations / Cyprus Cyprus / Foreign relations / Israel Israël / Relations extérieures / Chypre Chypre / Relations extérieures / Israël Diplomatic relations Cyprus Israel Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Zypern (DE-588)4079596-2 g Geschichte 1946-1960 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034790749&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034790749&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034790749&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Haritos, Gabriel Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 Chapter One: Israel And Cyprus; Between East And West Chapter Two: Israel, The Greek-Cypriots And Regional Realities Chapter Three: Israel's Stance On The Cyprus Question Before The United Nations Chapter Four: Israel And The London-Zurich Agreements On Cyprus Chapter Five: Israel And Cyprus In The Transitional Period Chapter Six: Independent Cyprus And The Arab-Israeli Tug Of War Chapter Seven: Overview Of Israel's Foreign Policy Towards Cyprus 1946-1960 Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4079596-2 (DE-588)4027808-6 |
| title | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 |
| title_auth | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 |
| title_exact_search | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 |
| title_full | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 Gabriel Haritos |
| title_fullStr | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 Gabriel Haritos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Israel and the Cyprus question foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 Gabriel Haritos |
| title_short | Israel and the Cyprus question |
| title_sort | israel and the cyprus question foreign policy diplomacy and international relations 1946 1960 |
| title_sub | foreign policy, diplomacy and international relations 1946-1960 |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
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