Humanitarian shame and redemption: Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece
"Following the 2015 'refugee crisis,' many different actors emerged to contest or mitigate the EU's border policies. This book explores the birth and trajectory of a Norwegian volunteer organisation A Drop in the Ocean, established by a mother-of-five with no prior experience in...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; Oxford
Berghahn Books
2024
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| Schriftenreihe: | Humanitarianism and security
volume 4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Following the 2015 'refugee crisis,' many different actors emerged to contest or mitigate the EU's border policies. This book explores the birth and trajectory of a Norwegian volunteer organisation A Drop in the Ocean, established by a mother-of-five with no prior experience in humanitarian work. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, Heidi Mogstad examines the organisation's shifting and contested efforts to 'fill humanitarian gaps' in Greece while witnessing and shaming the Norwegian public and politicians into action. Moving beyond existing critiques of humanitarian sentiments like pity and compassion, the book focuses specifically on the work of shame and other 'negative' emotions" |
| Beschreibung: | ix, 246 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781805392194 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction -- Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe -- Called to Help: Unpacking DiH's Foundation Story -- Filling Humanitarian Gaps -- Becoming a Drop -- Humanitarian Afterlives -- Waking Up Norway -- Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? | |
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Contents SMsHsHsHs) List of Illustrations vi Acknowledgements viii Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe 29 Chapter 2. Called to Help: Unpacking DiH’s Foundation Story 49 Chapter 3. Filling Humanitarian Gaps 72 Chapter 4. Becoming a Drop 108 Chapter 5. Humanitarian Afterlives 135 Chapter 6. Waking Up Norway 167 Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? 194 Epilogue 203 References 209 Index 236
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Index ®·® ®Φ access, DiH negotiating, 72,76,83-92, 98-101,105-6,106n4 accountability, 72,93,100-101,105,107n8, 190 addiction, 149 volunteering as, 112,140,142-43 Adrianos (DiH coordinator), 90 advocacy, refugee, 5,8,23,168-69,185, 187,191 affect/emotions, 12-13,15,21,27n6,58, 64,68 of DiH volunteers, 139-40,146-59 ‘negative’, 11,14,132-33,162-64,198 power of, 10,71,117-25,186,193n5 affluence. See wealth/affluence Afghanistan, 37,43-44,47,188,206 Afghan refugees, 1-2,45,160,202 Afran (refugee/volunteer), 96 ages, DiH volunteer, 17,94,162 Agier, Michel, 36 Ahmed, Sara, 10-11,163-64,166nll alienation, 11,151153-54,161,163-64,191. See also estrangement Amalie (volunteer), 149-50 ambivalence, 8-9,11,15,135,194,201 Anders (volunteer), 124,146-48,152,155, 158,160-61,186 Andersson, Ruben, 32 anthropology, 6-10,21,23-24,27n4, 30-31,109 anxiety, 36-37,42,46-47,71n4,156-57 apartheid, 40,48n5,127 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 197,199-200 Arendt, Hannah, 66,160 asylum/asylum policies, 26,41-42, 180-81,194,204,205 EU, 32,34-39,44-45,48n4 asylum/asylum policies, Norwegian, 4-6, 21,42,187,196,199,202,206 DiH challenging, 158-59,167-69 EU-Turkey statement impacting, 180 ‘refugee crisis’ and, 44-47 Trude on, 52,58 attachments, 6,31-32 European, 6,31-32,65-66,122 to Norway, 6,14,164,196 personal, 56,59 ‘sticky attachments’, 25,179,196 austerity measures, 34-35,48n3 Australia, 36,48n5,205 authenticity, 70,71n4,136,165nl, 181-82, 195 ofTrude, 113-14,121 authorities, Greek, 2,32-33,82,106n3 humanitarian access negotiated with, 72, 76,83-92,98-101,105,106n4 awareness raising, DiH, 143-44,169-72, 180-84
Balibar, Étienne, 40 Barnett, Michael, 30,33-34,75,92-93 Beate (volunteer), 185 Berglund Steen, Rune, 40 Besteman, Catherine, 48n5
Index · 237 birth rates, Norwegian, 47,51 Black Lives Matter, 17,40 boat refugees, 1-2,27nl, 52-54,58,75-76, 87-88102,146-48,182 boat spotting/landings, 55,79,146-48 DiH volunteers assisting with, 2,22,79, 85,152,156 borderland, European, 4,9,33-34,72,106, 122 ‘borderless world’, 5,159,179,196,208 border regimes, European, 4,7,39-40,131, 194,203 Borneman, John, 40 Bornstein, Erica, 6,65 Bosnia, 205,207 branding, 43,74-75,83,126,130,132,173, 195 Brkovic, Cama, 6 Brun, Cathrine, 145 bubble/s, 136 humanitarian, 141-42,150,153 Norwegian, 154,164,178-79 bureaucracy, 4, 7,16-17,32,85-86,93,97, 127-28 Burman, Erica, 31 Butler, Judith, 118,202 Cabot, Heath, 8,23 ‘call of conscience’/called to help/ revelation, 60-61,64-65,71n2 campaigns/storytelling, DiH, 172-76,189 Candea, Matei, 190 capitalism, 61,75 Carens, Joseph H., 189,197 Caritas (Catholic organisation), 205 Carling, Jorgen, 28 celebrities, 172,192n4 Cheng Yen, 50, 69,116 children/childhood, refugee, 120,146—47, 168,174,182-83,207. See also unaccompanied minors deaths of, 36,38,81,194 DiH volunteers and, 76-77,80-83,149, 153 in Evacuate Moria campaign, 176-79 innocence of, 38,40,65,118-19 Trude on, 53,55-56,64-66,117-18 Chios, Greece, 75-76,8,19,58,78,112, 167 Chomsky, Noam, 105,107nl2,168,195 Chouliaraki, Lilie, 113-14,130,164, 173-74 Christianity, 17,38,52,63-65,70,71n2, 80,127-28,193n7 citizenship, 123-24,150,197 class (social), 41-42,118 climate change, 207-8 climate refugees, 124,208 colonialism/colonial, 12,17,18,43-44, 102,195 civilise, 77,189 crypto-colonialism, 29,82 missionary impulse, 64-65 paternalism, 31,120
Colvin, Christopher, 23 commodification of humanitarian aid, 130, 172-74,195 compassion, 33,40-41,67,166nl2 complicity, 14,23,68,182-83,201-2 Norwegian, 44-45,188 consequentialist ethics, 105,179,195 containment policies/politics, 72,100, 204-5 EU, 4,35-39,79,139 cosmopolitanism/cosmopolitan, 5, 6,13, 41,128,191-92,196-97 COVID-19 pandemic, 25,204-6 criminalisation of aid work, 4,32,72, 85, 99 crisis fatigue, 23,35 Critchley, Simon, 60-61,71n2 crypto-colonialism, 29,82 Daulatzai, Anila, 206 death/s, 40,49,103,147,160 by drownings, 52-53,65,88,156,194 of refugee children, 36,38,81,194 De Genova, Nicholas, 40,45 democracy, 31,39,42,48n7,61 demographics of DiH volunteers, 2-3, 15-18,73,97,115,162,165n2 Denmark, 43-44 depoliticisation, 26,99-104,181,191, 197
238 · Index deportation policies, Norwegian, 45,48n8, 140,156,202,206 depression, 147-49,161 detention centers, 32,100,156,205. See also Moria (refugee camp); refugee camps DiH. See Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean) discrimination, 160,207 disillusionment, 37,157-58,181 displacement, forced, 34 distribution, 57,78-79,207. See also ‘drop shops’ division of labour, 33,86,106,195 Doctors Without Borders (MSF), 16,49, 68,100,171-72,176 doubt, 11,19,59,79,98,100,105,157, 200-201 Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean, DiH), 5-8,106n5,194-97,203-6. See also transformative narrative, DiH; volunteers/volunteering/ volunteerism, DiH addressing humanitarian gaps, 4,25,56, 72,81-83,104,195 addressing political stuckness, 183-90 advancing a competing national project, 25,190-92,196-97 awareness raising by, 143-44,169-72, 180-84 boat spotting/landings and, 2,22,79, 85,152,156 on climate change, 207-8 coordinators, DiH, 16,19,78,86,90, 137,142 EQUAL campaign, 172-75,177 on equality, 77,96,172-73 Evacuate Moria campaign, 169,176-79 Facebook, 53,55-56,165n2,170,182-83 founding myth, DiH, 25,59,67-71 founding of, 1-4,25,49-56 humanitarian access negotiated by, 72, 76,83-92,98-101,105-6,106n4 imagery, 4,125-32,173-74 internal assessment/survey, 136-39, 142-43,161,165nn2-3 logo, 21,75,126,130,172 low-threshold model, 97,125-28 organisational model, 3-4,25,73-80, 108,125-32,138 political engagement/advocacy by, 119, 167-79 pragmatism of, 105,131-32,168,179 professionalisation and, 92-99 shaming by, 25,181-83 ‘social impact’, 136-39 socialisation rule, 94-96,107n7 staff, 3,17,20,74,92-93 ‘drop
shops’ (clothing distribution centres), 78-79,207 drownings, 52-53,65,88,156,194 Dublin regulations, 34,43,187-88 Dunant, Henry, 49,68-70,116 economic migrants/luck hunters (lykkejeger'j. 48n9,55-56,179 eco-shame, 14,123-24 education for refugees, 77,106n2,205 in Moria camp, 2,40,79-80 egalitarianism, Norwegian, 46,172-73 Elena (DiH coordinator), 87,89-90,93, 105,137 Emma (volunteer), 140,199-200 emotions. See affect/emotions empathy, 11,14,119,138,174,181 empowerment, 2,7,33,77,80,104,107nl0 of DiH volunteers, 3,135,143—44,157, 171,195 English (language), 56,77,80,165n4 Englund, Harri, 27n3 equality, 45,59,195,197-98. See also Drâpen I Havet, EQUAL campaign; egalitarianism DiH on, 77,96,172-73 sameness as, 46,163,190,196 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, 124 Eritrean refugees, 1-2 estrangement, 25,161,163. See also alienation ethics/ethical, 10,18,27n3,60-63,71n4, 105,107nl2,163,195 consequentialist, 105,179,195 of professionalisation, 72,92-94 research, 23-24,203-4
Index · 239 ethnography/ethnographic research, 6-8, 21,59-67,198,203 EU. See European Union Eurocentrism, 26,27n5,30-32,91, 196-97 Europeanism, 108,120-21,132. See also attachments, European Europeanness, 34-35,40,197 European Union (EU), 2,18,42-43,176 asylum policies, 32,34,44-45,48n4 containment policies, 4,34-39,79,139 EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 Europe/European, 29,65-66, 120-21,123-25,132. See also humanitarianism/humanitarian organisations, European; migration policies, European borderland, 4,9,33-34,72,106,122 border regimes, 4,131,194,203 ‘Fortress Europe’, 39-48,192 liberalism, 5,40,197 solidarity, 67,82,99,167-68,170,187 southern border, 9,31-32,34,53,56-57, 106,174-75 EU-Turkey statement (2016), 35-36,79, 170,180,187-88 exceptionalism, 12,178 Norwegian, 13,18,42-46,183,196 exemplars moral, 108-15,117,125,132,133nl ordinary, 115-17 extended-case study/method, 5,9-10 Facebook, 21,110,122-23,129,143-44, 151,201 DiH, 53,55-56,165n2,170,182-83 Ghafar on, 37,101 Trude on, 49-50,52-53,55-56,104, 110-11,167-68,186 Faier, Lieba, 24 Farsi (language), 37 fascism/fascist groups, 39,203-4 Fassin, Didier, 30,40-41,104-5,171,181. See also ‘humanitarian reason’ Faubion, James, 63 Feldman, Ilana, 104 Ferguson, James, 190 Ferrara, Alessandro, 109 fieldwork, 2,5,8,17-22,180,194-95, 203-4 financial/economic crisis, Greek, 18,34, 48n3 first world bubble, 136. See also privilege Flyvbjerg, Bent, 110 foreign policy, Norwegian, 43 formalisation. See professionalisation/ formalisation ‘Fortress Europe’, 39-48,192 Foucault, Michel, 63 Francis (Pope), 39,89,192nl Fredrik
(volunteer), 113,128-29,131,133, 144,201 friendships, 19,58,94-96,138,140-41, 144,152,160 FRONTEX (European border and coast guard agency), 43,79 Fugelli, Per, 175 gatekeeping, 83,92 Gauchet, Marcel, 63 Geir (volunteer), 152 gender/gendered, 17,89,116,118,120 equality, 59,77,172 hierarchies, 196 stereotypes, 175 Germany, 41-43,96,169,182,186 Ghafar (refugee/volunteer), 37,101,140, 201 Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis, 40 Ghumkhor, Sahar, 206 Gilroy, Paul, 163,176 Givoni, Michal, 181 Glissant, Édouard, 40,128 ‘global apartheid’, 40,48n5 global inequalities/injustices, 13,65, 121-25,132,139,150,160,162,165n5. See also mobility justice/injustice globalists, 41,197 Global North, 2,15,27nl, 34,48n5 Global South, 12,30,32,34,48n5,159 Gluckman, Max, 9 government, Norwegian, 4,15,30,44,167, 176-77,184,186,190,193n9,206
240 · Index Greece/Greek, 15-16,65. See also authorities, Greek;‘refugee crisis’ austerity measures in, 34-35,48n3 authorities, 2,32-33,72,76,82,85-86 citizens/locals, 34,38,87-91,159-60 EU and, 18,34-35 eurocentrism and, 31-32 financial crisis, 18,34 hospitality, 34-35, 87-89, 99 mainland, 2,4,54,77,84,149,205 refugee camps, 82,91,101,103,167-68, 171,179,181,189 resistance to refugee camps, 4,25,72, 102 tourism, 31-32 51-53 xenophilia, 35-36 Greek (language), 65,70,87,90,170 Greek islands, 1,101-2,184,199-201. See also specific islands calls for evacuation of refugees from, 4, 144,182-83,191,205-6 COVID-19 policies, 204-5 EU-Turkey statement impacting, 35-36 guilt. See shame/guilt Gullestad, Marianne, 8,13,176 Guribye, Eugene, 75 Harari, Yuval Noah, 165n7 Hartog, Francois, 47 health. See also mental health moral, 6,19,124,191 self-harm and, 36-37,117-18, 156,181 Heidegger, Martin, 59-62,71n2,71n4 Henquinet, Kari, 70 hierarchies, 17,26,78,196 humanitarian, 7-8,93,159,165n4,169, 179 Hilhorst, Dorothea, 86 home, DiH volunteers returning, 4-5,25, 136,138,142-61 ambivalence of volunteers upon, 8-9,11, 15,135,194,201 hopelessness, 23,157-58 hospitality, 5,27nl, 44,96 Greek, 34-35,87-89,99 Howes, David, 19 Huang, C. Julia, 116 Hughes, Karen, 124 humanism, 33,39,65,168,186,198 humanitarian, 31-35,50,75 bubble, 141-42,150,153 impulse, 14,49,65-67 shame, 11-14,24,198 humanitarianism/humanitarian organisations, European, 5-7,10-15, 207. See also Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean) access, 72,76,83-92,98-101,105, 106n4 evacuation of refugees, 4,191,205-6 gaps,
4,25,56,72,81-83,104,195 hierarchies, 7-8,159,169 racism, 206-7 social movements and, 3-4,33,195 ‘humanitarian reason’, 13-14,41,181,195 ‘humanitarian superpower’, Norwegian self-image as, 4-5,15,18,30,44,82, 99,177,207 human rights, 4,29,36-37,39,41,99 Humphrey, Caroline, 58,133nl hunger strikes, 4,101 ICRC. See International Committee of the Red Cross identification, 14,51, 64, 66,115,129-30, 174 identity/identities, 64-66,68-70,115-16, 161,190 national, 15,45-47,191,197 volunteer, 9-10,30,119 imagery, DiH, 125-32,173-74 immigration policies, Norwegian, 21,172. See also asylum/asylum policies inequalities/injustices, 34,45-46 global, 13,65,121-25,132,139,150,160, 162,165n5 INGOs. See international non governmental organisations Ingrid (volunteer), 128-29,131,133,144, 201 innocence Norwegian, 12-13,18,42,45,195-96, 208 of refugee children, 38,40,65,118-19
Index · 241 of refugees, 185,195 white, 18,131 insider status, researcher, 8,19,21 Instagram, 173 integration, 2,33,77,90-91,104 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 49,67-68,70,105,116 international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), 2,4,77, 81-86,94,100,104 Iranian refugees, 160,194 Iraqi refugees, 1-2 Islamophobia, 45 James, Malcolm, 202 Jenny (DiH staff), 73-74,136-37 Jorunn (volunteer), 111-12,114,117,122, 129-30,150-51,156,187,200,202 Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen, 32-33 Katerina (Greek local), 87-89,91 Kaufmann, Mareile, 21 Knott, Alexandra, 121 Kristin (volunteer), 155-56,158-59, 166n8,199 Kurdi, Alan, 38,40,122,174,193n5 Laidlaw, James, 63 language, 16,19,25-27,37,41,83,104, 193n7 confrontational, 186-87 English, 56,77,80,165n4 Greek, 65,70,87,90,170 Norwegian, 9,140,202 translation, 26-27,106n4,170 Lazar, Sian, 186 Lemons, Katherine, 21 Lesvos, Greece, 1-2,19,27nl, 35-36,69, 146,158,205. See also Moria (refugee camp), Lesvos; ‘refugee crisis’ (2015) DiH on, 79-81,84-87 DiH relocation from, 75-76,104,203-4 locals from, 101-2,159-60 Trude in, 53-57,73,110,118,136,177 liberalism/liberal, 4,29,32,39,61,78,184, 192 European, 5,40,197 Libya, 18,43,47 lifestyle activism, 173-74,195 Liljeström, Marianne, 10 Linfield, Susie, 157 Listhaug, Sylvi, 44-45,185,191 luck, 59,123-24,134n5,175,201 Maja (volunteer), 110-11,115,117,120, 122,187,200 Malkki, Liisa, 6,11,21,56,119 Mancilla, Alejandra, 13-14 Marianne (volunteer), 119-20 Markus (volunteer), 111, 113 Maryam (refugee), 58 Massumi, Brian, 10 27n6 maternalism, 17,119. See also mothers/ motherhood; paternalism
Mathilde (volunteer), 124-25,186 Mavrovouni/KaraTepe 2 (refugee camp), Lesvos, 204-5 Mbembe, Achille, 32,40,159,179,208 McIntosh, Laurie, 46 ‘medmennesker (fellow human beings), 82, 108,129,159,170,171,201 men/male refugees, 16,40,83-84, 89, 107n6,175,179 mental health, 36-37,140,146-52,162 depression and, 147-49,161 Merkel, Angela, 41-42 methodology, research, 8,136-38 extended-case study, 5,9-10 participant observation, 19,22 Mette (DiH staff), 74,135-37,142, 167-68,193nll migration policies, European, 197. See also asylum/asylum policies EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 missionary impulse, 12,17,63-65,91. See also colonialism/colonial Mkono, Mucha, 124 mobility justice/injustice, 34-35,40,123, 149,159-61,179,204-5 ‘modes of subjectivation’, 63-66 moral, 62-64,181,183 exemplars, 108-15,117,125,132,133nl health, 6,19,124,191
242 · Index moral (conti) obligations, 5,27n3,45,122-23,128, 168,201 Moria (refugee camp), Lesvos, 104-6,177, 187,192nl, 203 DiH volunteers at, 79,87-91,100-103, 130-31,195,201 fire destroying, 25,204,206 living conditions at, 36-38,79-81, 102-3,160,204-5 unaccompanied minors in, 2,72,80-81, 84,97-99,156,201 Mostafanezhad, Mary, 173 mothers/motherhood, 83,132. See also maternalism as DiH volunteers, 17187,73,114-15, 119-20,140,150,199-200 as refugees, 55-56,58,66,117,146-47 Trude as a, 1-2,17,51-53,64-66, 68-69, ИО-22,188-89,195 motivation of DiH volunteers, 4-6,15, 61-62,108-17 shame as, 11-12,14 Trude on, 50-51 MSE See Doctors Without Borders Muehlebach, Andrea, 40 Munoz, José Esteban, 161 Muslim refugees, 17,38,40,45,175-76, 202 Mydland, Trond, 75 Myers, Ella, 61 Nader, Laura, 8-9 Naguib, Nefissa, 9 national anxiety, 42,46-47 identity, 15,45-47,191,197 project, 25,190-92,196-97 shame, 13,124,183,198,207 sovereignty, 36,82 nationalism, 9, П, 41-42,169,188-91, 196-97 nativism/nativist, 27n4,40,125,132-33, 184,187,198 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Nazis, 42-43,169,186 Nea Kavala (refugee camp), Greece, 2, 19-20,77-78,83-84,94,136,205 ‘negative’ affects/emotions, 11,14,132-33, 162-64,198 neocolonialism, 17-18,36,63-64,77, 195-96 neoliberalism, 5,7,47,70-71,173-74 networks, political, 138,140,144-48 NGOs. See nongovernmental organisations Nietzsche, Friedrich, 163 non-Europeans, 32,35-36,39-40,46,77, 191,205 nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), 56,57-58,62-63,84,92,101-2,147, 190 Nora (volunteer), 114-15 Nordic exceptionalism, 12,42 normalisation, 99-104,195
of migration, 178,196 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), 42-43 Norway/Norwegian, 48,193n8. See also asylum/asylum policies, Norwegian; Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean, DiH); privilege, Norwegian; welfare state/society deportation policies, 45,48n8,140,156, 202,206 DiH volunteers returning to, 4-5,8,25, 142-61 domestic DiH volunteers, 20,73-74, 93,167 exceptionalism, 13,18,42-46,183, 196 government, 4,15,30,44,167,176-77, 184,186,190,193n9,206 innocence, 12-13,18,42,45,195-96, 208 Oslo, 20,51,56,93,167,177-78 as outside of the EU, 42-43 overabundance (overflod), 13,122-25, 132-33 passports, 130,149,159 ‘refugee crisis’ in, 44-47 responsibility for climate refugees, 124, 208
Index · 243 self-image as ‘humanitarian superpower’, 4-5,15,18,30,44,82,99,128,177, 207 values, 17,45,69,128,183 wealth/affluence, 6,8-9,15,42,134n4, 151-52,182,196 welfare chauvinism, 4-5,168,188-90, 196-97,204 whitewashed history of, 13-14,43, 167-68,183,188,198 Norwegian (language), 9,140,202 ‘Norwegian bubble’, 154,164,178-79 obligations, 65,73,121,200 existential, 56, 63 moral, 5,27n3,45,122-23,128,168,201 oil-shame (pljeskam), 47,124 ordinary/ordinariness exemplar, 115-117 Norwegians, 2,4,33,44,56,65,97,125 of Trude, 68-70,115-17,132,195 Oslo, Norway, 20,51,56,93,167,177-78 overabundance (pverflod), Norwegian, 13, 122-25,132-33. See also privilege; wealth/affluence Oxfeldt, Elisabeth, 12-14,122-23 ‘Pacific solution’, Australia, 36,205 Pal (volunteer), 127-29,142,149-51 Pallister-Wilkins, Polly, 15,30-31,48n2, 48n5,69,74-75,106n3,107nl2,190 Papataxiarchis, Evthymios, 102 Parla, Ayse, 158 Pascucci, Elisa, 32-33 passports, 58,130,149,159 paternalism, 31,91,116,120 ‘planetary consciousness’, 208 political divisions/polarisation, 5,34-35, 41-42,45,197 political empowerment, 3,7,143-44,171, 187,195-96 political engagement/advocacy, 3,58,138, 143-44,157,167-69,171,195-8 campaigns/storytelling in, 172-76,189 political PTSD, 157-59 political stuckness, 183-90 populism, 41,185 postcolonialism, Nordic, 5-6,10,18,193n8 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 147-48,157-59,161 post-utopian, 5,159,196 powerlessness, 156,158,161,206 power/power dynamics, 17-18,21,101, 140,164,206 affective, 10,71,117-25,186,193n5 of motherhood, 68-69 pragmatism, 184 of DiH, 105,131-32,168,179 of
Trude, 110,113,195 privilege, 13,123,133,134n5,171 DiH volunteers and, 149,159,162-64, 199 mobility and, 204-5 power and, 140 race and, 17-18 Trude on, 49,52,64-65 privilege, Norwegian, 14-15,18,174,196 Evacuate Moria campaign on, 177-78 luck and, 175 shame and, 182 ‘problem-space’, 169,192n2 professionalisation/formalisation of aid, 3, 25,72,92-99,107n7,195 provincialisation, 8-9,27n5,30,47,195 psychological trauma, 148-52,160-62 PTSD. See post-traumatic stress disorder race/racialised, 43,189 apartheid, 40,48n5,127 colour-blindness, 17-18,94 hierarchies, 17,196 refugees, 44-45,91 stereotypes, 45-46,77,175-76,179 whiteness and, 17-18,94,159,197 racism/racist, 44,94-95,176,206-7. See also Islamophobia COVID-19 and, 204 xenophobia as, 39-41,124-25,132, 153-54,168,185,187-90 Rawls, John, 123,189,197 redemption/redemptive, 18,24,144,187, 192 shame and, 6,15,183,198-202 Redfield, Peter, 6,16,65,104-5,171,180
244 · Index refugee camps, Greek, 77,82,91,101,103, 167-68,171,179,181,189. See also specific camps humanitarian access to, 72,76,83-92, 98-101,105,106n4 Refugee Convention (1951), 26,40-41, 43,179 ‘refugee crisis’, 1-2,25-26,33,48nn2-4, 180,194,206-7 EU containment policies and, 4,35-39, 79,139 Eurocentrism and, 31-32 ‘Fortress Europe’ in response to, 39-42 humanitarian impulse and, 65-67 local Greeks responding to, 87-89 in Norway, 44-47 polarisation around, 34-35,45 shame as response to, 12 Trude responding to, 52-59,63-68 refugees. See specific topics Registration and Identification Centres (RICs),36 reintegration of volunteers, 142,149, 154-57,161-62 religious affiliation/religiosity, 17,50-53, 58,63,70-71,127 of refugees, 38-39,160,175 resistance/protests against refugee camps, local, 4,25,72,102 responsibility/responsibilities, 2-3,33, 35-36,168-69,173 blame and, 81-82,181 complicity and, 45 of DiH volunteers, 4,81,86,147-48, 156,199-202 of Greece, 34,86,100,103 moral, 14,182 Norwegian, 29-30,124,128,176-77, 187-88,208 outsourcing of, 72,100,105 professionalisation and, 93-94,97 Trude on, 66-67,69,81-82,167 Reza (refugee/volunteer), 160-61 Rhodos, Greece, 51 RICs. See Registration and Identification Centres rights, 72 85,100,123,181,185,197,204, 206 asylum, 35-36,40-41 human, 4,29,36-37,39,41,99 Robbins, Joel, 109-10,117,133nl, 181 romantic relationships, 94, 96,141 Rozakou, Katerina, 6,36,75,82,96 Russia, 25,43-44,206-7 Sacks, Harvey, 69 sameness as equality, 46,163,190,196 Sâmi (indigenous Norwegians), 43-44 Sandvik, Kristin, 83 Saudi Arabia, 44,188 Scheier, Max,
109 Schengen zone, 43 secularism, 6,17,50,58,63 securitisation, 139,178 95 segregation, 45-46,205 self-care, 162,199-200 self-critique by volunteers, 157,200-201 self-harm, 36-37,117-18,156,181 self-image, Norwegian, 4-5,15,18,30,44, 82,99,128,207 selfish (egoistisk), volunteers as, 200-201 self-representation, 9-10,21,66,115 self-transformation narratives, 70,146,195 shame/guilt (skarn), 61,132-34,196-97, 206 of DiH volunteers, 6,11,25,149-54, 161-64,181-82,198-202 eco-shame as, 14,123-24 global injustice and, 121-25 national, 13,124,183,198,207 Norwegian exceptionalism and, 183 oil-shame (pljeskam) as, 47,124 redemption and, 6,15,183,198-202 Scandinavian, 12-13,65,122-23 'skampletf (stain of shame), 29-30,187 Trude on, 52,121-22 Western, 6,12,122 Shire, Warsan, 179 Shoshan, Nitzan, 25,169 Sigurd (volunteer), 180 Skaramagas (refugee camp), Greece, 2-3, 19,77-78,83-84,94-95,141,205 Slim, Hugo, 116
Index · 245 smell/memory, 156,166n9 Smirl, Lisa, 68 social media, 21,143,155-56,170,173,178, 195 social movements, 3-4,33,184,195 Sofie (volunteer), ИЗ, 129-30,151,175 solidarity, 174 European, 67,82,99,167-68,170,187 Somalian refugees, 1-2 Sontag, Susan, 155 sovereignty, national, 36,82 stereotypes, 45-46,77,143,158-59, 175-76,179 Stian (volunteer), 154 Stine (volunteer), 151-53 Stolic,Tijana, И9 storytelling, 51-58,172-76,189 subjectivities of volunteers, 9-10,14,47, 198 support network, 145,148,149,161 Sweden, 42-43,182 Syrian refugees, 1-2,35,38,55,58,96, 127 Taliban, 37,206 Theodossopoulos, Dimitrios, 146,199 Therese (volunteer), 131 Thor (volunteer), 153 threat, refugees treated as, 38-40,45-46, 102,172,176,185,189,191 Ticktin, Miriam, 7-8 tourism, 31-32 51-53,131,141 transformative narrative, DiH, 3,25,97, 130,135-41,165n5,171 homecoming of volunteers and, 142-61 of Trude, 25,51,57-67,70-71,136,142, 146-47 translation, 26-27,106n4,170 trauma, 160,162,181 PTSD as, 147-48,161 Trine (volunteer), 152,184 Trnka, Susanna, 82 Trude (DiH founder), 24,99,191,207-8 authenticity of, 113-14,121 on children refugees, 53,55-56,64-66, 117-18 communicating by Facebook, 167-68 DiH founded by, 1-4,25,49-56 emotional appeal of, 117-25 on Facebook, 49-50,52-53,55-56,104, 110-И, 167-68,186 in Lesvos, 53-57,73, И0, И8,136,177 ‘modes of subjectivation’ for, 63-65 as a moral exemplar, 108-15,125,132 as a mother, 1-2,17,51-53,64-66, 68-69, И0-22,188-89,195 ordinariness of, 68-70,115-17,132,195 pragmatism of, 110,113,195 on privilege, 49,52,64-65 responding to ‘refugee crisis’, 52-59, 63-68
on responsibilities, 66-67,69,81-82, 167 on shame/guilt, 52,121-22 transformative experience of, 25,57-58 on welfare society, 59,64,188-89 as a witness, 53-56,67-68 on World War 2,182 Trundle, Catherine, 82 trust, 42,46,87,184 Tsing, Anna, 129 Tsipras, Alexis, 48n3 Turkey, 1-2,34,58 EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 Tvedt, Terje, 178,185 Tzu Chi (Buddhist relief organisation), 50,116 Ukraine/Ukrainian refugees, 25,206-7 unaccompanied minors, 74,117-18,142, 181 in Moria camp, 2,72,80-81,84,97-99, 105,107n9,156,201 undesirables, refugees as, 26,36,41,101 unemployment/unemployed, 34,41 UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency), 26,75, 81-83,100,106n2,185 United States (US), 17,43,48n5,206 Vastria (refugee camp), Lesvos, 205 Vial (refugee camp), 84 victims, 41,43, И8-19,175,185 Vike, Halvard, 184
246 · Index violence, 26,32,39,69,132,139,206 in Moria camp, 4,36-37,106 volunteers/volunteering/volunteerism, DiH, 1,7-8,194,196,203,206. See also home, DiH volunteers returning; motivation of DiH volunteers; specific volunteers addiction to, 112,140,142-43 ambivalence of, 8-9,11,15,135,194, 201 demographics of, 2-3,15-18,73,97,115, 162,165n2 domestic, 20,73-74,93,167 empowerment of, 3,135,143-44,157, 171,195 friendships of, 19,58,94-96,138, 140-41,144,152,160 interpersonal tensions amongst, 152-54 long-term, 19,80,90,98,140,142,151, 162,199-200,204 moral obligations of, 5,27n3,45,123, 128,168,201 mothers as, 17187,73,114-15,119-20, 140,150,199-200 privilege and, 149,159,162-64,199 professionalisation and, 3, 72,92-99, 107n7 psychological impacts of, 148-52 redemption and, 198-202 ‘refugee volunteers’, 15-17,19,58, 94, 96,131,146-47,160 reintegration of, 142,149,154-57, 161-62 responsibilities of, 4,81,86,147-48, 156,199-202 romantic relationships of, 94,96,141 self-critique by, 200-201 shame/guilt of, 6,11,25,149-54, 161-64,181-82,198-202 socialising/interaction with refugees, 94-96,107n7,140,156,201 as a transformative experience, 3, 139-42 as witnesses, 4,150,171-72,181,196, 201,205 voluntourism, 7,101,103,131,139,165n4 ‘waking up’ of Norwegian public, 180-83, 191 Watts, Michael, 61 wealth/affluence, 34,45,68. See also overabundance; privilege Norwegian, 6,8-9,15,42,134n4, 151-52,182,196 shame and, 149-50,162-63 Webster, Joseph, 70 Wekker, Gloria, 18,44 welfare chauvinism, 4-5,168,188-90, 196-97,204 welfare state/society, 9,42,45-47,172, 176,184-85,191 DiH on, 151-52
Trude on, 59,64,188-89 Wenche (volunteer), 144,187,199-201 Western guilt, 6,12,122 whiteness, 17-18,94,159,197 white people/white, 6,23 DiH volunteers as, 2-3,17,159 innocence, 18,131 privilege, 199-200 supremacy, 15,17 Williams, Bernhard, 199-200 witnesses/witnessing, 25,131,168,186, 193nll DiH volunteers as, 4,150,171-72,181, 196,201,205 Trude as, 53-56,67-68 women, 16,188-89,206-7. See also mothers/motherhood as DiH volunteers, 3,17 refugees, 55-56,77,80,118 World War 2,42-44,54-55,182,186 xenophobia, 39-41,124-25,132,153-54, 168,185,187-90 Zack, Naomi, 14 Zekria (refugee), 40 Zigon, Jarrett, 62-63 71n4,148,154 Zizek, Slavoj, 59-62,71n3 Âse (volunteer), 151,185-87 Overland, Arnulf, 186 |
| adam_txt |
Contents SMsHsHsHs) List of Illustrations vi Acknowledgements viii Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe 29 Chapter 2. Called to Help: Unpacking DiH’s Foundation Story 49 Chapter 3. Filling Humanitarian Gaps 72 Chapter 4. Becoming a Drop 108 Chapter 5. Humanitarian Afterlives 135 Chapter 6. Waking Up Norway 167 Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? 194 Epilogue 203 References 209 Index 236
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Index ®·® ®Φ access, DiH negotiating, 72,76,83-92, 98-101,105-6,106n4 accountability, 72,93,100-101,105,107n8, 190 addiction, 149 volunteering as, 112,140,142-43 Adrianos (DiH coordinator), 90 advocacy, refugee, 5,8,23,168-69,185, 187,191 affect/emotions, 12-13,15,21,27n6,58, 64,68 of DiH volunteers, 139-40,146-59 ‘negative’, 11,14,132-33,162-64,198 power of, 10,71,117-25,186,193n5 affluence. See wealth/affluence Afghanistan, 37,43-44,47,188,206 Afghan refugees, 1-2,45,160,202 Afran (refugee/volunteer), 96 ages, DiH volunteer, 17,94,162 Agier, Michel, 36 Ahmed, Sara, 10-11,163-64,166nll alienation, 11,151153-54,161,163-64,191. See also estrangement Amalie (volunteer), 149-50 ambivalence, 8-9,11,15,135,194,201 Anders (volunteer), 124,146-48,152,155, 158,160-61,186 Andersson, Ruben, 32 anthropology, 6-10,21,23-24,27n4, 30-31,109 anxiety, 36-37,42,46-47,71n4,156-57 apartheid, 40,48n5,127 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 197,199-200 Arendt, Hannah, 66,160 asylum/asylum policies, 26,41-42, 180-81,194,204,205 EU, 32,34-39,44-45,48n4 asylum/asylum policies, Norwegian, 4-6, 21,42,187,196,199,202,206 DiH challenging, 158-59,167-69 EU-Turkey statement impacting, 180 ‘refugee crisis’ and, 44-47 Trude on, 52,58 attachments, 6,31-32 European, 6,31-32,65-66,122 to Norway, 6,14,164,196 personal, 56,59 ‘sticky attachments’, 25,179,196 austerity measures, 34-35,48n3 Australia, 36,48n5,205 authenticity, 70,71n4,136,165nl, 181-82, 195 ofTrude, 113-14,121 authorities, Greek, 2,32-33,82,106n3 humanitarian access negotiated with, 72, 76,83-92,98-101,105,106n4 awareness raising, DiH, 143-44,169-72, 180-84
Balibar, Étienne, 40 Barnett, Michael, 30,33-34,75,92-93 Beate (volunteer), 185 Berglund Steen, Rune, 40 Besteman, Catherine, 48n5
Index · 237 birth rates, Norwegian, 47,51 Black Lives Matter, 17,40 boat refugees, 1-2,27nl, 52-54,58,75-76, 87-88102,146-48,182 boat spotting/landings, 55,79,146-48 DiH volunteers assisting with, 2,22,79, 85,152,156 borderland, European, 4,9,33-34,72,106, 122 ‘borderless world’, 5,159,179,196,208 border regimes, European, 4,7,39-40,131, 194,203 Borneman, John, 40 Bornstein, Erica, 6,65 Bosnia, 205,207 branding, 43,74-75,83,126,130,132,173, 195 Brkovic, Cama, 6 Brun, Cathrine, 145 bubble/s, 136 humanitarian, 141-42,150,153 Norwegian, 154,164,178-79 bureaucracy, 4, 7,16-17,32,85-86,93,97, 127-28 Burman, Erica, 31 Butler, Judith, 118,202 Cabot, Heath, 8,23 ‘call of conscience’/called to help/ revelation, 60-61,64-65,71n2 campaigns/storytelling, DiH, 172-76,189 Candea, Matei, 190 capitalism, 61,75 Carens, Joseph H., 189,197 Caritas (Catholic organisation), 205 Carling, Jorgen, 28 celebrities, 172,192n4 Cheng Yen, 50, 69,116 children/childhood, refugee, 120,146—47, 168,174,182-83,207. See also unaccompanied minors deaths of, 36,38,81,194 DiH volunteers and, 76-77,80-83,149, 153 in Evacuate Moria campaign, 176-79 innocence of, 38,40,65,118-19 Trude on, 53,55-56,64-66,117-18 Chios, Greece, 75-76,8,19,58,78,112, 167 Chomsky, Noam, 105,107nl2,168,195 Chouliaraki, Lilie, 113-14,130,164, 173-74 Christianity, 17,38,52,63-65,70,71n2, 80,127-28,193n7 citizenship, 123-24,150,197 class (social), 41-42,118 climate change, 207-8 climate refugees, 124,208 colonialism/colonial, 12,17,18,43-44, 102,195 civilise, 77,189 crypto-colonialism, 29,82 missionary impulse, 64-65 paternalism, 31,120
Colvin, Christopher, 23 commodification of humanitarian aid, 130, 172-74,195 compassion, 33,40-41,67,166nl2 complicity, 14,23,68,182-83,201-2 Norwegian, 44-45,188 consequentialist ethics, 105,179,195 containment policies/politics, 72,100, 204-5 EU, 4,35-39,79,139 cosmopolitanism/cosmopolitan, 5, 6,13, 41,128,191-92,196-97 COVID-19 pandemic, 25,204-6 criminalisation of aid work, 4,32,72, 85, 99 crisis fatigue, 23,35 Critchley, Simon, 60-61,71n2 crypto-colonialism, 29,82 Daulatzai, Anila, 206 death/s, 40,49,103,147,160 by drownings, 52-53,65,88,156,194 of refugee children, 36,38,81,194 De Genova, Nicholas, 40,45 democracy, 31,39,42,48n7,61 demographics of DiH volunteers, 2-3, 15-18,73,97,115,162,165n2 Denmark, 43-44 depoliticisation, 26,99-104,181,191, 197
238 · Index deportation policies, Norwegian, 45,48n8, 140,156,202,206 depression, 147-49,161 detention centers, 32,100,156,205. See also Moria (refugee camp); refugee camps DiH. See Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean) discrimination, 160,207 disillusionment, 37,157-58,181 displacement, forced, 34 distribution, 57,78-79,207. See also ‘drop shops’ division of labour, 33,86,106,195 Doctors Without Borders (MSF), 16,49, 68,100,171-72,176 doubt, 11,19,59,79,98,100,105,157, 200-201 Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean, DiH), 5-8,106n5,194-97,203-6. See also transformative narrative, DiH; volunteers/volunteering/ volunteerism, DiH addressing humanitarian gaps, 4,25,56, 72,81-83,104,195 addressing political stuckness, 183-90 advancing a competing national project, 25,190-92,196-97 awareness raising by, 143-44,169-72, 180-84 boat spotting/landings and, 2,22,79, 85,152,156 on climate change, 207-8 coordinators, DiH, 16,19,78,86,90, 137,142 EQUAL campaign, 172-75,177 on equality, 77,96,172-73 Evacuate Moria campaign, 169,176-79 Facebook, 53,55-56,165n2,170,182-83 founding myth, DiH, 25,59,67-71 founding of, 1-4,25,49-56 humanitarian access negotiated by, 72, 76,83-92,98-101,105-6,106n4 imagery, 4,125-32,173-74 internal assessment/survey, 136-39, 142-43,161,165nn2-3 logo, 21,75,126,130,172 low-threshold model, 97,125-28 organisational model, 3-4,25,73-80, 108,125-32,138 political engagement/advocacy by, 119, 167-79 pragmatism of, 105,131-32,168,179 professionalisation and, 92-99 shaming by, 25,181-83 ‘social impact’, 136-39 socialisation rule, 94-96,107n7 staff, 3,17,20,74,92-93 ‘drop
shops’ (clothing distribution centres), 78-79,207 drownings, 52-53,65,88,156,194 Dublin regulations, 34,43,187-88 Dunant, Henry, 49,68-70,116 economic migrants/luck hunters (lykkejeger'j. 48n9,55-56,179 eco-shame, 14,123-24 education for refugees, 77,106n2,205 in Moria camp, 2,40,79-80 egalitarianism, Norwegian, 46,172-73 Elena (DiH coordinator), 87,89-90,93, 105,137 Emma (volunteer), 140,199-200 emotions. See affect/emotions empathy, 11,14,119,138,174,181 empowerment, 2,7,33,77,80,104,107nl0 of DiH volunteers, 3,135,143—44,157, 171,195 English (language), 56,77,80,165n4 Englund, Harri, 27n3 equality, 45,59,195,197-98. See also Drâpen I Havet, EQUAL campaign; egalitarianism DiH on, 77,96,172-73 sameness as, 46,163,190,196 Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, 124 Eritrean refugees, 1-2 estrangement, 25,161,163. See also alienation ethics/ethical, 10,18,27n3,60-63,71n4, 105,107nl2,163,195 consequentialist, 105,179,195 of professionalisation, 72,92-94 research, 23-24,203-4
Index · 239 ethnography/ethnographic research, 6-8, 21,59-67,198,203 EU. See European Union Eurocentrism, 26,27n5,30-32,91, 196-97 Europeanism, 108,120-21,132. See also attachments, European Europeanness, 34-35,40,197 European Union (EU), 2,18,42-43,176 asylum policies, 32,34,44-45,48n4 containment policies, 4,34-39,79,139 EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 Europe/European, 29,65-66, 120-21,123-25,132. See also humanitarianism/humanitarian organisations, European; migration policies, European borderland, 4,9,33-34,72,106,122 border regimes, 4,131,194,203 ‘Fortress Europe’, 39-48,192 liberalism, 5,40,197 solidarity, 67,82,99,167-68,170,187 southern border, 9,31-32,34,53,56-57, 106,174-75 EU-Turkey statement (2016), 35-36,79, 170,180,187-88 exceptionalism, 12,178 Norwegian, 13,18,42-46,183,196 exemplars moral, 108-15,117,125,132,133nl ordinary, 115-17 extended-case study/method, 5,9-10 Facebook, 21,110,122-23,129,143-44, 151,201 DiH, 53,55-56,165n2,170,182-83 Ghafar on, 37,101 Trude on, 49-50,52-53,55-56,104, 110-11,167-68,186 Faier, Lieba, 24 Farsi (language), 37 fascism/fascist groups, 39,203-4 Fassin, Didier, 30,40-41,104-5,171,181. See also ‘humanitarian reason’ Faubion, James, 63 Feldman, Ilana, 104 Ferguson, James, 190 Ferrara, Alessandro, 109 fieldwork, 2,5,8,17-22,180,194-95, 203-4 financial/economic crisis, Greek, 18,34, 48n3 first world bubble, 136. See also privilege Flyvbjerg, Bent, 110 foreign policy, Norwegian, 43 formalisation. See professionalisation/ formalisation ‘Fortress Europe’, 39-48,192 Foucault, Michel, 63 Francis (Pope), 39,89,192nl Fredrik
(volunteer), 113,128-29,131,133, 144,201 friendships, 19,58,94-96,138,140-41, 144,152,160 FRONTEX (European border and coast guard agency), 43,79 Fugelli, Per, 175 gatekeeping, 83,92 Gauchet, Marcel, 63 Geir (volunteer), 152 gender/gendered, 17,89,116,118,120 equality, 59,77,172 hierarchies, 196 stereotypes, 175 Germany, 41-43,96,169,182,186 Ghafar (refugee/volunteer), 37,101,140, 201 Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis, 40 Ghumkhor, Sahar, 206 Gilroy, Paul, 163,176 Givoni, Michal, 181 Glissant, Édouard, 40,128 ‘global apartheid’, 40,48n5 global inequalities/injustices, 13,65, 121-25,132,139,150,160,162,165n5. See also mobility justice/injustice globalists, 41,197 Global North, 2,15,27nl, 34,48n5 Global South, 12,30,32,34,48n5,159 Gluckman, Max, 9 government, Norwegian, 4,15,30,44,167, 176-77,184,186,190,193n9,206
240 · Index Greece/Greek, 15-16,65. See also authorities, Greek;‘refugee crisis’ austerity measures in, 34-35,48n3 authorities, 2,32-33,72,76,82,85-86 citizens/locals, 34,38,87-91,159-60 EU and, 18,34-35 eurocentrism and, 31-32 financial crisis, 18,34 hospitality, 34-35, 87-89, 99 mainland, 2,4,54,77,84,149,205 refugee camps, 82,91,101,103,167-68, 171,179,181,189 resistance to refugee camps, 4,25,72, 102 tourism, 31-32 51-53 xenophilia, 35-36 Greek (language), 65,70,87,90,170 Greek islands, 1,101-2,184,199-201. See also specific islands calls for evacuation of refugees from, 4, 144,182-83,191,205-6 COVID-19 policies, 204-5 EU-Turkey statement impacting, 35-36 guilt. See shame/guilt Gullestad, Marianne, 8,13,176 Guribye, Eugene, 75 Harari, Yuval Noah, 165n7 Hartog, Francois, 47 health. See also mental health moral, 6,19,124,191 self-harm and, 36-37,117-18, 156,181 Heidegger, Martin, 59-62,71n2,71n4 Henquinet, Kari, 70 hierarchies, 17,26,78,196 humanitarian, 7-8,93,159,165n4,169, 179 Hilhorst, Dorothea, 86 home, DiH volunteers returning, 4-5,25, 136,138,142-61 ambivalence of volunteers upon, 8-9,11, 15,135,194,201 hopelessness, 23,157-58 hospitality, 5,27nl, 44,96 Greek, 34-35,87-89,99 Howes, David, 19 Huang, C. Julia, 116 Hughes, Karen, 124 humanism, 33,39,65,168,186,198 humanitarian, 31-35,50,75 bubble, 141-42,150,153 impulse, 14,49,65-67 shame, 11-14,24,198 humanitarianism/humanitarian organisations, European, 5-7,10-15, 207. See also Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean) access, 72,76,83-92,98-101,105, 106n4 evacuation of refugees, 4,191,205-6 gaps,
4,25,56,72,81-83,104,195 hierarchies, 7-8,159,169 racism, 206-7 social movements and, 3-4,33,195 ‘humanitarian reason’, 13-14,41,181,195 ‘humanitarian superpower’, Norwegian self-image as, 4-5,15,18,30,44,82, 99,177,207 human rights, 4,29,36-37,39,41,99 Humphrey, Caroline, 58,133nl hunger strikes, 4,101 ICRC. See International Committee of the Red Cross identification, 14,51, 64, 66,115,129-30, 174 identity/identities, 64-66,68-70,115-16, 161,190 national, 15,45-47,191,197 volunteer, 9-10,30,119 imagery, DiH, 125-32,173-74 immigration policies, Norwegian, 21,172. See also asylum/asylum policies inequalities/injustices, 34,45-46 global, 13,65,121-25,132,139,150,160, 162,165n5 INGOs. See international non governmental organisations Ingrid (volunteer), 128-29,131,133,144, 201 innocence Norwegian, 12-13,18,42,45,195-96, 208 of refugee children, 38,40,65,118-19
Index · 241 of refugees, 185,195 white, 18,131 insider status, researcher, 8,19,21 Instagram, 173 integration, 2,33,77,90-91,104 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 49,67-68,70,105,116 international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), 2,4,77, 81-86,94,100,104 Iranian refugees, 160,194 Iraqi refugees, 1-2 Islamophobia, 45 James, Malcolm, 202 Jenny (DiH staff), 73-74,136-37 Jorunn (volunteer), 111-12,114,117,122, 129-30,150-51,156,187,200,202 Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen, 32-33 Katerina (Greek local), 87-89,91 Kaufmann, Mareile, 21 Knott, Alexandra, 121 Kristin (volunteer), 155-56,158-59, 166n8,199 Kurdi, Alan, 38,40,122,174,193n5 Laidlaw, James, 63 language, 16,19,25-27,37,41,83,104, 193n7 confrontational, 186-87 English, 56,77,80,165n4 Greek, 65,70,87,90,170 Norwegian, 9,140,202 translation, 26-27,106n4,170 Lazar, Sian, 186 Lemons, Katherine, 21 Lesvos, Greece, 1-2,19,27nl, 35-36,69, 146,158,205. See also Moria (refugee camp), Lesvos; ‘refugee crisis’ (2015) DiH on, 79-81,84-87 DiH relocation from, 75-76,104,203-4 locals from, 101-2,159-60 Trude in, 53-57,73,110,118,136,177 liberalism/liberal, 4,29,32,39,61,78,184, 192 European, 5,40,197 Libya, 18,43,47 lifestyle activism, 173-74,195 Liljeström, Marianne, 10 Linfield, Susie, 157 Listhaug, Sylvi, 44-45,185,191 luck, 59,123-24,134n5,175,201 Maja (volunteer), 110-11,115,117,120, 122,187,200 Malkki, Liisa, 6,11,21,56,119 Mancilla, Alejandra, 13-14 Marianne (volunteer), 119-20 Markus (volunteer), 111, 113 Maryam (refugee), 58 Massumi, Brian, 10 27n6 maternalism, 17,119. See also mothers/ motherhood; paternalism
Mathilde (volunteer), 124-25,186 Mavrovouni/KaraTepe 2 (refugee camp), Lesvos, 204-5 Mbembe, Achille, 32,40,159,179,208 McIntosh, Laurie, 46 ‘medmennesker (fellow human beings), 82, 108,129,159,170,171,201 men/male refugees, 16,40,83-84, 89, 107n6,175,179 mental health, 36-37,140,146-52,162 depression and, 147-49,161 Merkel, Angela, 41-42 methodology, research, 8,136-38 extended-case study, 5,9-10 participant observation, 19,22 Mette (DiH staff), 74,135-37,142, 167-68,193nll migration policies, European, 197. See also asylum/asylum policies EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 missionary impulse, 12,17,63-65,91. See also colonialism/colonial Mkono, Mucha, 124 mobility justice/injustice, 34-35,40,123, 149,159-61,179,204-5 ‘modes of subjectivation’, 63-66 moral, 62-64,181,183 exemplars, 108-15,117,125,132,133nl health, 6,19,124,191
242 · Index moral (conti) obligations, 5,27n3,45,122-23,128, 168,201 Moria (refugee camp), Lesvos, 104-6,177, 187,192nl, 203 DiH volunteers at, 79,87-91,100-103, 130-31,195,201 fire destroying, 25,204,206 living conditions at, 36-38,79-81, 102-3,160,204-5 unaccompanied minors in, 2,72,80-81, 84,97-99,156,201 Mostafanezhad, Mary, 173 mothers/motherhood, 83,132. See also maternalism as DiH volunteers, 17187,73,114-15, 119-20,140,150,199-200 as refugees, 55-56,58,66,117,146-47 Trude as a, 1-2,17,51-53,64-66, 68-69, ИО-22,188-89,195 motivation of DiH volunteers, 4-6,15, 61-62,108-17 shame as, 11-12,14 Trude on, 50-51 MSE See Doctors Without Borders Muehlebach, Andrea, 40 Munoz, José Esteban, 161 Muslim refugees, 17,38,40,45,175-76, 202 Mydland, Trond, 75 Myers, Ella, 61 Nader, Laura, 8-9 Naguib, Nefissa, 9 national anxiety, 42,46-47 identity, 15,45-47,191,197 project, 25,190-92,196-97 shame, 13,124,183,198,207 sovereignty, 36,82 nationalism, 9, П, 41-42,169,188-91, 196-97 nativism/nativist, 27n4,40,125,132-33, 184,187,198 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Nazis, 42-43,169,186 Nea Kavala (refugee camp), Greece, 2, 19-20,77-78,83-84,94,136,205 ‘negative’ affects/emotions, 11,14,132-33, 162-64,198 neocolonialism, 17-18,36,63-64,77, 195-96 neoliberalism, 5,7,47,70-71,173-74 networks, political, 138,140,144-48 NGOs. See nongovernmental organisations Nietzsche, Friedrich, 163 non-Europeans, 32,35-36,39-40,46,77, 191,205 nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), 56,57-58,62-63,84,92,101-2,147, 190 Nora (volunteer), 114-15 Nordic exceptionalism, 12,42 normalisation, 99-104,195
of migration, 178,196 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), 42-43 Norway/Norwegian, 48,193n8. See also asylum/asylum policies, Norwegian; Drâpen i Havet (A Drop in the Ocean, DiH); privilege, Norwegian; welfare state/society deportation policies, 45,48n8,140,156, 202,206 DiH volunteers returning to, 4-5,8,25, 142-61 domestic DiH volunteers, 20,73-74, 93,167 exceptionalism, 13,18,42-46,183, 196 government, 4,15,30,44,167,176-77, 184,186,190,193n9,206 innocence, 12-13,18,42,45,195-96, 208 Oslo, 20,51,56,93,167,177-78 as outside of the EU, 42-43 overabundance (overflod), 13,122-25, 132-33 passports, 130,149,159 ‘refugee crisis’ in, 44-47 responsibility for climate refugees, 124, 208
Index · 243 self-image as ‘humanitarian superpower’, 4-5,15,18,30,44,82,99,128,177, 207 values, 17,45,69,128,183 wealth/affluence, 6,8-9,15,42,134n4, 151-52,182,196 welfare chauvinism, 4-5,168,188-90, 196-97,204 whitewashed history of, 13-14,43, 167-68,183,188,198 Norwegian (language), 9,140,202 ‘Norwegian bubble’, 154,164,178-79 obligations, 65,73,121,200 existential, 56, 63 moral, 5,27n3,45,122-23,128,168,201 oil-shame (pljeskam), 47,124 ordinary/ordinariness exemplar, 115-117 Norwegians, 2,4,33,44,56,65,97,125 of Trude, 68-70,115-17,132,195 Oslo, Norway, 20,51,56,93,167,177-78 overabundance (pverflod), Norwegian, 13, 122-25,132-33. See also privilege; wealth/affluence Oxfeldt, Elisabeth, 12-14,122-23 ‘Pacific solution’, Australia, 36,205 Pal (volunteer), 127-29,142,149-51 Pallister-Wilkins, Polly, 15,30-31,48n2, 48n5,69,74-75,106n3,107nl2,190 Papataxiarchis, Evthymios, 102 Parla, Ayse, 158 Pascucci, Elisa, 32-33 passports, 58,130,149,159 paternalism, 31,91,116,120 ‘planetary consciousness’, 208 political divisions/polarisation, 5,34-35, 41-42,45,197 political empowerment, 3,7,143-44,171, 187,195-96 political engagement/advocacy, 3,58,138, 143-44,157,167-69,171,195-8 campaigns/storytelling in, 172-76,189 political PTSD, 157-59 political stuckness, 183-90 populism, 41,185 postcolonialism, Nordic, 5-6,10,18,193n8 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 147-48,157-59,161 post-utopian, 5,159,196 powerlessness, 156,158,161,206 power/power dynamics, 17-18,21,101, 140,164,206 affective, 10,71,117-25,186,193n5 of motherhood, 68-69 pragmatism, 184 of DiH, 105,131-32,168,179 of
Trude, 110,113,195 privilege, 13,123,133,134n5,171 DiH volunteers and, 149,159,162-64, 199 mobility and, 204-5 power and, 140 race and, 17-18 Trude on, 49,52,64-65 privilege, Norwegian, 14-15,18,174,196 Evacuate Moria campaign on, 177-78 luck and, 175 shame and, 182 ‘problem-space’, 169,192n2 professionalisation/formalisation of aid, 3, 25,72,92-99,107n7,195 provincialisation, 8-9,27n5,30,47,195 psychological trauma, 148-52,160-62 PTSD. See post-traumatic stress disorder race/racialised, 43,189 apartheid, 40,48n5,127 colour-blindness, 17-18,94 hierarchies, 17,196 refugees, 44-45,91 stereotypes, 45-46,77,175-76,179 whiteness and, 17-18,94,159,197 racism/racist, 44,94-95,176,206-7. See also Islamophobia COVID-19 and, 204 xenophobia as, 39-41,124-25,132, 153-54,168,185,187-90 Rawls, John, 123,189,197 redemption/redemptive, 18,24,144,187, 192 shame and, 6,15,183,198-202 Redfield, Peter, 6,16,65,104-5,171,180
244 · Index refugee camps, Greek, 77,82,91,101,103, 167-68,171,179,181,189. See also specific camps humanitarian access to, 72,76,83-92, 98-101,105,106n4 Refugee Convention (1951), 26,40-41, 43,179 ‘refugee crisis’, 1-2,25-26,33,48nn2-4, 180,194,206-7 EU containment policies and, 4,35-39, 79,139 Eurocentrism and, 31-32 ‘Fortress Europe’ in response to, 39-42 humanitarian impulse and, 65-67 local Greeks responding to, 87-89 in Norway, 44-47 polarisation around, 34-35,45 shame as response to, 12 Trude responding to, 52-59,63-68 refugees. See specific topics Registration and Identification Centres (RICs),36 reintegration of volunteers, 142,149, 154-57,161-62 religious affiliation/religiosity, 17,50-53, 58,63,70-71,127 of refugees, 38-39,160,175 resistance/protests against refugee camps, local, 4,25,72,102 responsibility/responsibilities, 2-3,33, 35-36,168-69,173 blame and, 81-82,181 complicity and, 45 of DiH volunteers, 4,81,86,147-48, 156,199-202 of Greece, 34,86,100,103 moral, 14,182 Norwegian, 29-30,124,128,176-77, 187-88,208 outsourcing of, 72,100,105 professionalisation and, 93-94,97 Trude on, 66-67,69,81-82,167 Reza (refugee/volunteer), 160-61 Rhodos, Greece, 51 RICs. See Registration and Identification Centres rights, 72 85,100,123,181,185,197,204, 206 asylum, 35-36,40-41 human, 4,29,36-37,39,41,99 Robbins, Joel, 109-10,117,133nl, 181 romantic relationships, 94, 96,141 Rozakou, Katerina, 6,36,75,82,96 Russia, 25,43-44,206-7 Sacks, Harvey, 69 sameness as equality, 46,163,190,196 Sâmi (indigenous Norwegians), 43-44 Sandvik, Kristin, 83 Saudi Arabia, 44,188 Scheier, Max,
109 Schengen zone, 43 secularism, 6,17,50,58,63 securitisation, 139,178 95 segregation, 45-46,205 self-care, 162,199-200 self-critique by volunteers, 157,200-201 self-harm, 36-37,117-18,156,181 self-image, Norwegian, 4-5,15,18,30,44, 82,99,128,207 selfish (egoistisk), volunteers as, 200-201 self-representation, 9-10,21,66,115 self-transformation narratives, 70,146,195 shame/guilt (skarn), 61,132-34,196-97, 206 of DiH volunteers, 6,11,25,149-54, 161-64,181-82,198-202 eco-shame as, 14,123-24 global injustice and, 121-25 national, 13,124,183,198,207 Norwegian exceptionalism and, 183 oil-shame (pljeskam) as, 47,124 redemption and, 6,15,183,198-202 Scandinavian, 12-13,65,122-23 'skampletf (stain of shame), 29-30,187 Trude on, 52,121-22 Western, 6,12,122 Shire, Warsan, 179 Shoshan, Nitzan, 25,169 Sigurd (volunteer), 180 Skaramagas (refugee camp), Greece, 2-3, 19,77-78,83-84,94-95,141,205 Slim, Hugo, 116
Index · 245 smell/memory, 156,166n9 Smirl, Lisa, 68 social media, 21,143,155-56,170,173,178, 195 social movements, 3-4,33,184,195 Sofie (volunteer), ИЗ, 129-30,151,175 solidarity, 174 European, 67,82,99,167-68,170,187 Somalian refugees, 1-2 Sontag, Susan, 155 sovereignty, national, 36,82 stereotypes, 45-46,77,143,158-59, 175-76,179 Stian (volunteer), 154 Stine (volunteer), 151-53 Stolic,Tijana, И9 storytelling, 51-58,172-76,189 subjectivities of volunteers, 9-10,14,47, 198 support network, 145,148,149,161 Sweden, 42-43,182 Syrian refugees, 1-2,35,38,55,58,96, 127 Taliban, 37,206 Theodossopoulos, Dimitrios, 146,199 Therese (volunteer), 131 Thor (volunteer), 153 threat, refugees treated as, 38-40,45-46, 102,172,176,185,189,191 Ticktin, Miriam, 7-8 tourism, 31-32 51-53,131,141 transformative narrative, DiH, 3,25,97, 130,135-41,165n5,171 homecoming of volunteers and, 142-61 of Trude, 25,51,57-67,70-71,136,142, 146-47 translation, 26-27,106n4,170 trauma, 160,162,181 PTSD as, 147-48,161 Trine (volunteer), 152,184 Trnka, Susanna, 82 Trude (DiH founder), 24,99,191,207-8 authenticity of, 113-14,121 on children refugees, 53,55-56,64-66, 117-18 communicating by Facebook, 167-68 DiH founded by, 1-4,25,49-56 emotional appeal of, 117-25 on Facebook, 49-50,52-53,55-56,104, 110-И, 167-68,186 in Lesvos, 53-57,73, И0, И8,136,177 ‘modes of subjectivation’ for, 63-65 as a moral exemplar, 108-15,125,132 as a mother, 1-2,17,51-53,64-66, 68-69, И0-22,188-89,195 ordinariness of, 68-70,115-17,132,195 pragmatism of, 110,113,195 on privilege, 49,52,64-65 responding to ‘refugee crisis’, 52-59, 63-68
on responsibilities, 66-67,69,81-82, 167 on shame/guilt, 52,121-22 transformative experience of, 25,57-58 on welfare society, 59,64,188-89 as a witness, 53-56,67-68 on World War 2,182 Trundle, Catherine, 82 trust, 42,46,87,184 Tsing, Anna, 129 Tsipras, Alexis, 48n3 Turkey, 1-2,34,58 EU-Turkey statement, 35-36,79,170, 180,187-88 Tvedt, Terje, 178,185 Tzu Chi (Buddhist relief organisation), 50,116 Ukraine/Ukrainian refugees, 25,206-7 unaccompanied minors, 74,117-18,142, 181 in Moria camp, 2,72,80-81,84,97-99, 105,107n9,156,201 undesirables, refugees as, 26,36,41,101 unemployment/unemployed, 34,41 UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency), 26,75, 81-83,100,106n2,185 United States (US), 17,43,48n5,206 Vastria (refugee camp), Lesvos, 205 Vial (refugee camp), 84 victims, 41,43, И8-19,175,185 Vike, Halvard, 184
246 · Index violence, 26,32,39,69,132,139,206 in Moria camp, 4,36-37,106 volunteers/volunteering/volunteerism, DiH, 1,7-8,194,196,203,206. See also home, DiH volunteers returning; motivation of DiH volunteers; specific volunteers addiction to, 112,140,142-43 ambivalence of, 8-9,11,15,135,194, 201 demographics of, 2-3,15-18,73,97,115, 162,165n2 domestic, 20,73-74,93,167 empowerment of, 3,135,143-44,157, 171,195 friendships of, 19,58,94-96,138, 140-41,144,152,160 interpersonal tensions amongst, 152-54 long-term, 19,80,90,98,140,142,151, 162,199-200,204 moral obligations of, 5,27n3,45,123, 128,168,201 mothers as, 17187,73,114-15,119-20, 140,150,199-200 privilege and, 149,159,162-64,199 professionalisation and, 3, 72,92-99, 107n7 psychological impacts of, 148-52 redemption and, 198-202 ‘refugee volunteers’, 15-17,19,58, 94, 96,131,146-47,160 reintegration of, 142,149,154-57, 161-62 responsibilities of, 4,81,86,147-48, 156,199-202 romantic relationships of, 94,96,141 self-critique by, 200-201 shame/guilt of, 6,11,25,149-54, 161-64,181-82,198-202 socialising/interaction with refugees, 94-96,107n7,140,156,201 as a transformative experience, 3, 139-42 as witnesses, 4,150,171-72,181,196, 201,205 voluntourism, 7,101,103,131,139,165n4 ‘waking up’ of Norwegian public, 180-83, 191 Watts, Michael, 61 wealth/affluence, 34,45,68. See also overabundance; privilege Norwegian, 6,8-9,15,42,134n4, 151-52,182,196 shame and, 149-50,162-63 Webster, Joseph, 70 Wekker, Gloria, 18,44 welfare chauvinism, 4-5,168,188-90, 196-97,204 welfare state/society, 9,42,45-47,172, 176,184-85,191 DiH on, 151-52
Trude on, 59,64,188-89 Wenche (volunteer), 144,187,199-201 Western guilt, 6,12,122 whiteness, 17-18,94,159,197 white people/white, 6,23 DiH volunteers as, 2-3,17,159 innocence, 18,131 privilege, 199-200 supremacy, 15,17 Williams, Bernhard, 199-200 witnesses/witnessing, 25,131,168,186, 193nll DiH volunteers as, 4,150,171-72,181, 196,201,205 Trude as, 53-56,67-68 women, 16,188-89,206-7. See also mothers/motherhood as DiH volunteers, 3,17 refugees, 55-56,77,80,118 World War 2,42-44,54-55,182,186 xenophobia, 39-41,124-25,132,153-54, 168,185,187-90 Zack, Naomi, 14 Zekria (refugee), 40 Zigon, Jarrett, 62-63 71n4,148,154 Zizek, Slavoj, 59-62,71n3 Âse (volunteer), 151,185-87 Overland, Arnulf, 186 |
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| author | Mogstad, Heidi |
| author_facet | Mogstad, Heidi |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mogstad, Heidi |
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| bvnumber | BV049429626 |
| contents | Introduction -- Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe -- Called to Help: Unpacking DiH's Foundation Story -- Filling Humanitarian Gaps -- Becoming a Drop -- Humanitarian Afterlives -- Waking Up Norway -- Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1407254025 (DE-599)BVBBV049429626 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Griechenland |
| id | DE-604.BV049429626 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:09:55Z |
| indexdate | 2024-10-31T13:01:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781805392194 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034775770 |
| oclc_num | 1407254025 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | ix, 246 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240226 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Berghahn Books |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Humanitarianism and security |
| series2 | Humanitarianism and security |
| spelling | Mogstad, Heidi Verfasser aut Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece Heidi Mogstad Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece New York ; Oxford Berghahn Books 2024 ix, 246 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Humanitarianism and security volume 4 Introduction -- Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe -- Called to Help: Unpacking DiH's Foundation Story -- Filling Humanitarian Gaps -- Becoming a Drop -- Humanitarian Afterlives -- Waking Up Norway -- Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? "Following the 2015 'refugee crisis,' many different actors emerged to contest or mitigate the EU's border policies. This book explores the birth and trajectory of a Norwegian volunteer organisation A Drop in the Ocean, established by a mother-of-five with no prior experience in humanitarian work. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, Heidi Mogstad examines the organisation's shifting and contested efforts to 'fill humanitarian gaps' in Greece while witnessing and shaming the Norwegian public and politicians into action. Moving beyond existing critiques of humanitarian sentiments like pity and compassion, the book focuses specifically on the work of shame and other 'negative' emotions" Flüchtlingshilfe (DE-588)4128300-4 gnd rswk-swf Freiwillige Vereinigung (DE-588)4155345-7 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd rswk-swf Dråpen i Havet (Organization) Humanitarian assistance, Norwegian / Greece Refugees / Services for / Greece Humanitarianism / Norway Aide humanitaire norvégienne / Grèce Réfugiés / Services / Grèce SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social Humanitarian assistance, Norwegian Humanitarianism Refugees / Services for Greece Norway Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 g Flüchtlingshilfe (DE-588)4128300-4 s Freiwillige Vereinigung (DE-588)4155345-7 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-80539-227-9 Humanitarianism and security volume 4 (DE-604)BV049364567 4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Mogstad, Heidi Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece Humanitarianism and security Introduction -- Humanitarianism at the Fringes of Europe -- Called to Help: Unpacking DiH's Foundation Story -- Filling Humanitarian Gaps -- Becoming a Drop -- Humanitarian Afterlives -- Waking Up Norway -- Conclusion. Redemptive Acts? Flüchtlingshilfe (DE-588)4128300-4 gnd Freiwillige Vereinigung (DE-588)4155345-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128300-4 (DE-588)4155345-7 (DE-588)4022047-3 |
| title | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| title_alt | Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| title_auth | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| title_exact_search | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| title_full | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece Heidi Mogstad |
| title_fullStr | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece Heidi Mogstad |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humanitarian shame and redemption Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece Heidi Mogstad |
| title_short | Humanitarian shame and redemption |
| title_sort | humanitarian shame and redemption norwegian citizens helping refugees in greece |
| title_sub | Norwegian citizens helping refugees in Greece |
| topic | Flüchtlingshilfe (DE-588)4128300-4 gnd Freiwillige Vereinigung (DE-588)4155345-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Flüchtlingshilfe Freiwillige Vereinigung Griechenland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034775770&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV049364567 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mogstadheidi humanitarianshameandredemptionnorwegiancitizenshelpingrefugeesingreece AT mogstadheidi norwegiancitizenshelpingrefugeesingreece |