Optical imaging and photography: imaging optics, sensors and systems
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Boston
De Gruyter
[2024]
|
| Ausgabe: | 2nd revised and extended edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | De Gruyter reference
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110789904 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIX, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm x 17 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783110789904 3110789906 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Teubner, Ulrich |d 1962- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120657872 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Optical imaging and photography |b imaging optics, sensors and systems |c Ulrich Teubner, Hans Josef Brückner |
| 250 | |a 2nd revised and extended edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Boston |b De Gruyter |c [2024] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2024 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIX, 765 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 24 cm x 17 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 653 | |a Fotographie | ||
| 653 | |a Microscopy | ||
| 653 | |a Mikroskopie | ||
| 653 | |a Optical Imaging | ||
| 653 | |a Optische Abbildung | ||
| 653 | |a Photography | ||
| 653 | |a Technical Optics | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1816239021869760512 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
-
VII
PREFACE
TO
THE
SECOND
EDITION
-
XI
PREFACE
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
-
XIII
ABOUT
THE
AUTHORS
-
XVII
LIST
OF
SYMBOLS
-
XXXI
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
OPTICAL
IMAGING
AND
PHOTOGRAPHY
-
1
1.1
OBJECTIVE
OF
THE
PRESENT
BOOK
-
3
1.2
BASICS
OF
RADIOMETRY
AND
PHOTOMETRY
-
6
1.2.1
RADIANT
ENERGY,
FLUX,
FLUENCE
AND
INTENSITY
-
7
1.2.2
SOLID
ANGLE
AND
RADIANT
INTENSITY
-
8
1.2.3
IRRADIANCE
AND
RADIANCE
-
9
1.2.4
LAMBERTIAN
SURFACE
-
10
1.2.5
RADIANT
EXPOSURE
-
11
1.2.6
PHOTOMETRIC
QUANTITIES
-
12
1.3
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
IMAGE
CHARACTERIZATION
-
14
1.3.1
IMAGING,
"IMAGE
POINTS
"
AND
RESOLUTION
-
14
1.3.2
IMAGING
ISSUES
-
18
1.3.3
THE
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
NUMBER
-
18
1.4
RESOLUTION
ISSUES
AND
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
IMAGES
-
20
1.4.1
RESOLUTION
AND
ANGLE
OF
VIEW
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
20
1.4.2
REMARKS
TO
REASONABLE
NUMBER
OF
"IMAGE
POINTS
"
AND
SBN
IN
PHOTOGRAPHY
-
25
1.4.3
MAGNIFIED
IMAGES
-
25
1.5
IMAGING
AND
FOCUSING
-
28
1.5.1
FOCUSING
AND
F-NUMBER
-
28
1.5.2
IMAGING
AND
IMAGING
CONDITIONS
-
29
1.5.3
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
IMAGING
AND
FOCUSING,
SBN
AND
IMAGE
QUALITY
-
31
1.5.4
CIRCLE
OF
CONFUSION
-
33
1.6
DIGITAL
INPUT
AND
OUTPUT
DEVICES
-
34
1.6.1
IMAGE
ACQUISITION
WITH
A
PHOTODIODE
ARRAY:
SIMPLE
MAN
'
S
VIEW
-
34
1.6.2
IMAGE
REPRODUCED
FROM
A
DIGITAL
DEVICE,
ARTEFACTS,
MOIRE
EFFECT
-
36
1.6.3
SIMILARITY
TO
SPECTROSCOPY
-
41
1.6.4
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
NUMBER
OF
DIGITAL
DEVICES
-
43
1.6.5
IMAGE
OBSERVATION
FROM
DIGITAL
SCREENS
-
48
XX
-
CONTENTS
1.7
OPTICAL
GLASS
-
49
1.7.1
STRUCTURE
OF
SILICA
BASED
GLASSES
-
49
1.7.2
OPTICAL
DISPERSION
IN
GLASSES
-
52
1.8
METAMATERIALS,
METASURFACES
AND
METALENSES
-
56
2
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
AND
STILL
CAMERAS
-
59
2.1
PINHOLE
CAMERA
-
59
2.2
CAMERA
WITH
A
LENS
-
64
2.3
ILLUMINANCE
AND
F-NUMBER
-
70
2.4
EXPOSURE
-
73
2.5
KEY
PARAMETERS
FOR
PHOTOGRAPHIC
EXPOSURE
-
75
2.5.1
SENSITIVITY
AND
SPEED
S
-
76
2.5.2
EXPOSURE
DETERMINATION
AND
EXPOSURE
VALUE
-
78
2.5.3
EXPOSURE
VALUE
AND
RELATIVE
BRIGHTNESS
CHANGE
-
83
2.5.4
OPTIMUM
APERTURE
AND
CRITICAL
F-NUMBER
-
84
2.6
EXAMPLES
OF
CAMERA
SYSTEMS
-
86
2.6.1
SINGLE
LENS
REFLEX
CAMERA
-
86
2.6.1.1
CHARACTERISTICS
AND
CAMERA
BODY
-
86
2.6.1.2
FILM
FORMATS
AND
CAMERA
LENSES
-
90
2.6.2
DIGITAL
SINGLE
LENS
REFLEX
CAMERA
-
92
2.6.2.1
CHARACTERISTICS
-
92
2.6.2.2
CAMERA
LENSES
-
94
2.6.2.3
EXAMPLES
FOR
DSLR
CAMERAS
-
95
2.6.3
DIGITAL
COMPACT
CAMERA
-
97
2.6.3.1
CHARACTERISTICS
-
97
2.6.3.2
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
COMPACT
SETUP
-
99
2.6.3.3
EXAMPLES
FOR
COMPACT
CAMERAS
-
100
2.6.4
OTHER
TYPES
OF
DIGITAL
CAMERAS
AND
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS
-
101
2.6.4.1
MIRRORLESS
INTERCHANGEABLE
LENS
CAMERA
AND
SINGLE
LENS
TRANSLUCENT
CAMERA
-
101
2.6.4.2
MOBILE
PHONE
CAMERA
AND
MINIATURE
CAMERA
-
103
2.6.5
CAMERAS
FOR
SCIENTIFIC
AND
INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSES
-
106
3
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
108
3.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
GEOMETRICAL
OPTICS
-
108
3.1.1
HUYGENS
'
PRINCIPLE,
HELMHOLTZ
EQUATION
AND
RAYS
-
108
3.1.2
RAY
EQUATION,
SNELL
'
S
LAW
AND
REFLECTION
LOSS
-
110
3.1.3
GAUSSIAN
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
113
3.1.4
IMAGE
FORMATION
-
115
3.2
THICK
LENSES
-
121
3.2.1
BASIC
LENS
EQUATIONS
FOR
THICK
LENSES
-
121
3.2.2
TYPES
OF
LENSES
AND
LENS
SHAPES
-
124
CONTENTS
-
XXI
3.3
RAY
PATH
CALCULATION
BY
THE
MATRIX
METHOD
-
127
3.3.1
RAY
TRANSLATION
MATRIX
-
128
3.3.2
RAY
REFRACTION
MATRIX
-
129
3.3.3
THICK-LENS
AND
THIN-LENS
MATRIX
-
130
3.3.4
RAY
TRANSFER
MATRIX
FOR
OPTICAL
SYSTEMS
-
132
3.3.5
EXAMPLES
OF
SIMPLE
CAMERA
LENS
SETUPS
-
135
3.3.6
RAY
TRANSFER
METHOD
FOR
GAUSSIAN
BEAMS
-
142
3.3.6.1
VORTEX
EQUATION
FOR
A
BALL
LENS
-
143
3.3.6.2
SYSTEM
MATRIX
FOR
A
FIBER
BALL
LENS
SYSTEM
-
145
3.3.6.3
GAUSSIAN
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
146
3.3.6.4
COMPARISON
OF
THEORETICAL
APPROACHES
WITH
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
-
149
3.3.7
SOFTWARE-BASED
COMPUTATIONAL
METHODS
-
152
3.3.7.1
RAY
TRACING
-
152
3.3.7.2
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
153
3.4
LIMITATIONS
OF
LIGHT
RAYS
-
154
3.4.1
CONTROLLING
THE
BRIGHTNESS:
APERTURE
STOPS
AND
PUPILS
-
155
3.4.2
CONTROLLING
THE
FIELD
OF
VIEW:
FIELD
STOPS
AND
WINDOWS
-
159
3.4.3
PROPERTIES
AND
EFFECTS
OF
STOPS,
PUPILS
AND
WINDOWS
-
160
3.4.4
CONTROLLING
VIGNETTING
IN
LENS
SYSTEMS
-
165
3.4.5
TELECENTRIC
LENS
SETUP
-
170
3.4.6
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS
-
173
3.5
LENS
ABERRATIONS
-
178
3.5.1
SPHERICAL
ABERRATION
-
180
3.5.2
COMA
-
185
3.5.3
ASTIGMATISM
-
188
3.5.4
CURVATURE
OF
FIELD
-
192
3.5.5
DISTORTION
-
196
3.5.6
CHROMATIC
ABERRATION
-
200
3.5.6.1
ACHROMATIC
DOUBLET:
TWO
THIN
LENSES
OF
DIFFERENT
MATERIALS
-
203
3.5.6.2
ACHROMATIC
DOUBLET:
TWO
THIN
LENSES
OF
IDENTICAL
MATERIALS
WITH
SEPARATION
-
205
3.5.6.3
COMPLEX
ACHROMATIC
SYSTEMS
-
206
3.5.7
ASPHERIC
SURFACES
-
207
4
SENSORS
AND
DETECTORS
-
213
4.1
GENERAL,
FILMS,
PHOTODIODE
ARRAYS
-
213
4.1.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
OVERVIEW
OF
2D
DETECTORS
-
213
4.1.2
INTRODUCTION
TO
COLOR
REPRODUCTION
-
215
4.1.3
FILMS
-
PRINCIPLE
OF
THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
SILVER
HALIDE
FILM
IMAGING
PROCESS
-
217
XXII
-
CONTENTS
4.1.4
PHOTOGRAPHIC
REVERSAL
FILMS
AND
COLOR
FILMS
-
224
4.1.4.1
REVERSAL
FILMS
-
224
4.1.4.2
COLOR
NEGATIVE
AND
COLOR
SLIDE
FILMS
-
225
4.2
ELECTRONIC
SENSORS:
PHOTODIODE
ARRAYS
-
227
4.2.1
OPTOELECTRONIC
PRINCIPLES
OF
A
PHOTODIODE
-
227
4.2.2
CHARGE
DETECTION
AND
CONVERSION
-
233
4.3
FORMATS
AND
SIZES
-
239
4.3.1
FORMATS
AND
SIZES
OF
FILMS
AND
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
239
4.3.2
FULL
FORMAT
AND
CROP
FACTOR
-
242
4.4
CCD
SENSORS
-
244
4.4.1
BASICS
-
244
4.4.2
CCD
OPERATION
PRINCIPLES
-
246
4.4.2.1
FULL
FRAME
TRANSFER
CCD
-
247
4.4.2.2
INTERLINE
TRANSFER
CCD
-
247
4.4.2.3
FRAME
TRANSFER
CCD
-
248
4.4.2.4
FRAME-INTERLINE-TRANSFER-CCD
-
248
4.5
CMOS
SENSORS
-
248
4.5.1
BASICS
-
248
4.5.2
GENERAL
ISSUES
OF
CCD
AND
CMOS
SENSORS
AND
COMPARISON
OF
BOTH
SENSOR
TYPES
-
250
4.5.2.1
CHIP
ARCHITECTURE
-
250
4.5.2.2
EXPOSURE
AND
READOUT
-
251
4.5.2.3
COMPARISON
OF
CCD
AND
CMOS
SENSORS
-
252
4.6
CCD
AND
CMOS
SYSTEMS
-
254
4.6.1
FILL
FACTOR
AND
OPTICAL
MICROLENS
ARRAY
-
254
4.6.2
OPTICAL
LOW
PASS
AND
INFRARED
FILTERS
-
258
4.6.3
COLOR
INFORMATION
-
259
4.7
NOISE
AND
BACKGROUND
-
265
4.7.1
BASICS
-
265
4.7.2
NOISE
DISTRIBUTIONS
-
267
4.7.3
TEMPORAL
NOISE
-
269
4.7.4
SPATIAL
NOISE
-
274
4.7.5
BLOOMING,
SMEAR,
IMAGE
LAG
AND
CROSS-TALK
-
275
4.7.5.1
BLOOMING
-
275
4.7.5.2
SMEAR
-
276
4.7.5.3
IMAGE
LAG
-
276
4.7.5.4
CROSS
TALK
-
276
4.7.6
TOTAL
NOISE
-
277
4.8
DYNAMIC
RANGE,
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE
RATIO
AND
DETECTOR
RESPONSE
-
281
4.8.1
DYNAMIC
RANGE
-
281
4.8.2
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE
RATIO
-
285
4.8.3
BINNING
-
287
CONTENTS
-
XXIII
4.8.4
REQUIREMENTS
-
289
4.8.5
DETECTOR
RESPONSE
-
291
4.8.5.1
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
FILMS
-
291
4.8.5.2
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
ELECTRONIC
DETECTORS
-
294
4.8.5.3
COMPARISON
OF
THE
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
ELECTRONIC
DETECTORS
AND
THOSE
OF
FILMS
-
297
4.8.6
DATA
QUANTIZATION
AND
DEPTH
RESOLUTION
-
298
4.8.7
EXAMPLES
OF
PHOTON
CONVERSION
CHARACTERISTICS
-
303
4.8.8
"ISO-GAIN"
FOR
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
305
4.8.9
THE
"UNIVERSAL"
CURVE
-
309
4.9
BASICS
OF
IMAGE
PROCESSING
AND
MODIFICATION
-
311
4.9.1
SENSOR
FIELD
CORRECTIONS
-
311
4.9.2
BASIC
IMAGE
CORRECTIONS
-
315
4.9.2.1
IMAGE
PROCESSORS
AND
RAW
CONVERTERS
-
315
4.9.2.2
RAW
DATA
-
317
4.9.2.3
DIGITAL
NEGATIVES
-
319
4.9.3
DE-MOSAICING
-
320
4.9.4
TONE
MAPPING
-
321
4.9.5
FURTHER
TONE
MAPPING,
HDR
AND
FINAL
REMARKS
-
328
4.9.5.1
INCREASE
OF
DYNAMIC
RANGE:
HDR
AND
DRI
-
330
4.9.5.2
ADDITIONAL
AND
FINAL
REMARKS
-
333
4.10
ADVANCED
AND
SPECIAL
SENSORS
AND
SENSOR
SYSTEMS
-
335
4.10.1
SENSOR
WITH
STACKED
COLOR
INFORMATION
-
335
4.10.2
SENSOR
WITH
A
COLOR-SORTING
METALENS
ARRAY
-
337
4.10.3
PIXEL
INTERLEAVED
ARRAY
CCD
-
340
4.10.4
BSI
CCD
AND
BSI
CMOS
----
342
4.10.5
ADVANCES
IN
CMOS
TECHNOLOGY
-
344
4.10.5.1
SCIENTIFIC
CMOS
SENSORS
-
344
4.10.5.2
ADVANCES
FOR
SMALL
PIXELS:
TEXTURES,
DEPTH
INCREASE
AND
DEEP
TRENCH
ISOLATION
-
345
4.10.5.3
CMOS
STACKING
TECHNOLOGY
-
348
4.10.6
HARDWARE
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
DYNAMIC
RANGE
EXTENSION
-
349
4.10.6.1
STAGGERED
HDR
TECHNOLOGY
-
349
4.10.6.2
SPLIT
PIXEL
AND
SUBPIXEL
TECHNOLOGY
-
350
4.10.6.3
DUAL
OR
MULTIPLE
CONVERSION
GAIN
-
351
4.10.6.4
FULL
WELL
ADJUSTING
METHOD,
SKIMMING
HDR
-
353
4.10.6.5
SENSOR
WITH
COMPLEMENTARY
CARRIER
COLLECTION
-
353
4.10.6.6
LOGARITHMIC
HIGH-DYNAMIC
RANGE
CMOS
SENSOR
-
353
4.10.7
SENSORS
WITH
LARGE
PIXEL
NUMBER
AND/OR
SPECIAL
PIXELS
-
354
4.10.7.1
MULTIPIXEL
CELL
TECHNOLOGY
-
354
4.10.7.2
POLARIZED
SENSORS
-
356
4.10.7.3
PHASE
DETECTION
AUTOFOCUS
-
356
XXIV
----
CONTENTS
4.10.7.4
TIME
OF
FLIGHT
SENSORS
-
360
4.10.8
ADVANCEMENTS
FOR
THE
IR
REGION:
DEEP
DEPLETION
CCD
-
361
4.11
IMAGE
CONVERTERS
AND
IMAGE
INTENSIFIERS
-
362
4.11.1
IMAGE
CONVERTERS
-
362
4.11.2
BASICS
OF
LIGHT
SIGNAL
INTENSIFIERS
-
365
4.11.3
MICROCHANNEL
PLATE
INTENSIFIERS
-
367
4.11.4
INTENSIFIED
CCD
AND
CMOS
CAMERAS
-
372
4.11.5
ELECTRON-MULTIPLYING
CCD
-
376
4.12
CURVED
SENSORS
-
378
5
FOURIER
OPTICS
-
385
5.1
FUNDAMENTALS
-
385
5.1.1
BASICS,
ELECTRIC
FIELD,
AMPLITUDE
AND
PHASE
AND
REMARKS
IN
ADVANCE
-
385
5.1.2
BACKGROUND
OF
FOURIER
OPTICS,
DIFFRACTION
WITH
COHERENT
LIGHT
-
388
5.1.3
"4-F-SYSTEM"
-
392
5.1.4
IMAGING
AND
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
-
396
5.1.4.1
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
(PSF)
-
396
5.1.4.2
WIDTH
OF
THE
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
AND
INVARIANTS
-
400
5.1.5
OPTICAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION,
MODULATION
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
AND
PHASE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
-
402
5.1.5.1
CONVOLUTION
AND
OPTICAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
OTF
-
402
5.1.5.2
OTF
OF
A
CYLINDRICAL
AND
A
SPHERICAL
LENS
-
406
5.1.5.3
CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
-
407
5.1.5.4
OTF,
MTF,
PTF
----
408
5.1.6
RESOLUTION,
MAXIMUM
FREQUENCY
AND
CONTRAST
-
410
5.1.6.1
MAXIMUM
FREQUENCY
-
410
5.1.6.2
RESOLUTION
AND
CONTRAST
-
412
5.1.7
DIFFERENCES
FOR
IMAGING
WITH
COHERENT
AND
INCOHERENT
LIGHT
-
413
5.1.8
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
PRODUCT
-
416
5.1.9
IMAGE
MANIPULATION
-
419
5.1.9.1
LOW
AND
HIGH-PASS
FILTERS
-
419
5.1.9.2
UNSHARP
MASKING
-
421
5.2
DISCUSSION
OF
THE
MTF
-
423
5.2.1
TEST
OBJECTS,
MTF,
CONTRAST,
SPATIAL
FREQUENCY
UNITS
-
423
5.2.1.1
BAR
GRATINGS
-
425
5.2.1.2
MORE
REALISTIC
MTF
CURVES
-
427
5.2.2
IMAGE
QUALITY
CHARACTERIZATION
BY
MEANS
OF
A
SINGLE
MTF
VALUE
-
429
5.2.3
OTF
AND
MTF
OF
A
SYSTEM
-
429
5.2.4
MTF
OF
LENSES,
OBJECTIVES
AND
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
431
5.2.4.1
WAVEFRONT
ABERRATIONS
-
431
5.2.4.2
DEFOCUSING
-
432
CONTENTS
-
XXV
5.2.4.3
APODIZATION
-----437
5.2.4.4
DEPENDENCE
ON
WAVELENGTH
AND
F-NUMBER
AND
CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
-
437
5.2.4.5
MTF
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
439
5.2.5
MTF
OF
SENSORS
-
440
5.2.5.1
FILMS
-
441
5.2.5.2
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
441
5.2.6
MTF
OF
A
CAMERA
SYSTEM
AND
ITS
COMPONENTS
-
447
5.2.7
MTF
CURVES
OF
CAMERAS
-
448
5.2.7.1
MTF
CURVES
OF
CAMERAS
WITH
CURVED
IMAGE
SENSORS
-
452
5.2.7.2
MEGAPIXEL
DELUSION?
-
454
5.2.8
SHARPNESS,
PERCEIVED
SHARPNESS,
ACUTANCE
AND
NOISE
REDUCTION
-
456
5.2.9
JUDGMENT
OF
MTF
CURVES
-
461
5.3
RESOLUTION,
SBN,
MTF
AND
PSF
-
465
5.3.1
RESOLUTION
IN
GENERAL
-
465
5.3.2
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
RESOLUTION,
SBN
AND
MTF
WITH
RESPECT
TO
OPTICS
ONLY
-
467
5.3.3
RELATIONS
WITH
RESPECT
TO
THE
SENSOR
AND
THE
WHOLE
CAMERA
SYSTEM
-
472
5.3.4
SYSTEM-PSF
AND
INTEGRATED
PIXEL
SIGNALS
-
473
6
CAMERA
LENSES
-
478
6.1
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
CAMERA
LENSES
-
478
6.2
SHORT
HISTORY
OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC
LENSES
-
480
6.2.1
SIMPLE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
LENSES
-
481
6.2.2
PETZVAL
PORTRAIT
LENS
-
482
6.2.3
EARLY
SYMMETRIC
LENSES
-
483
6.2.4
EARLY
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
NEW
AND
OLD
ACHROMATS
-
484
6.2.5
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
THREE
LENS
GROUPS
-
487
6.2.6
DOUBLE-GAUSS
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
FOUR
LENS
GROUPS
OR
MORE
-
489
6.3
LONG
FOCUS
LENSES
-
492
6.3.1
TELEPHOTO
PRINCIPLE
-
493
6.3.2
FOCUSING
BY
MOVING
LENS
GROUPS
-
496
6.3.3
EXAMPLES
OF
MODERN
LONG
FOCUS
LENSES
-
499
6.3.4
TELECONVERTERS
-
502
6.4
NORMAL
LENSES
-
504
6.5
WIDE-ANGLE
LENSES
-
509
6.5.1
RETROFOCUS
DESIGN
-
509
6.5.2
SYMMETRIC
LENS
DESIGN-BIOGON
TYPE
-
512
6.5.3
PROPERTIES
AND
EXAMPLES
OF
MODERN
WIDE-ANGLE
LENSES
-
513
6.5.4
FISHEYE
LENSES
-
518
XXVI
----
CONTENTS
6.6
VARIFOCAL
AND
ZOOM
LENSES
-
522
6.7
PERSPECTIVE
CONTROL
-
TILT/SHIFT
LENSES
-
527
6.7.1
SCHEIMPFLUG
PRINCIPLE
-
527
6.7.2
PRINCIPAL
FUNCTION
OF
SHIFT
AND
TILT
-
531
6.7.2.1
SHIFT
FUNCTION
-
531
6.7.2.2
TILT
FUNCTION
-
533
6.7.3
SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CONSTRUCTIONS
OF
PC-LENSES
FOR
35
MM
FORMAT
-
535
6.8
ANTIREFLECTION
COATING
AND
LENS
FLARES
-
536
6.8.1
ANTIREFLECTION
COATING
-
537
6.8.1.1
SINGLE-LAYER
COATING
-
538
6.8.1.2
DOUBLE-LAYER
COATING
-
540
6.8.1.3
TRIPLE-LAYER
AND
MULTILAYER
COATINGS
-
541
6.8.2
LENS
FLARES
-
544
6.8.2.1
DOUBLE
REFLECTIONS
-
545
6.8.2.2
STRUCTURED
GHOST
FLARES
AND
STRAY
LIGHT
HAZE
-
547
6.8.3
T-STOP
----
551
6.9
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS,
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
BOKEH
-
552
6.9.1
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS
-
552
6.9.2
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
-
553
6.9.2.1
SAME
LENS
USED
WITH
DIFFERENT
IMAGE
FORMATS
-
554
6.9.2.2
SAME
OBJECT
FIELD
WITH
DIFFERENT
IMAGE
FORMATS
-
556
6.9.3
BOKEH
AND
STARBURST
EFFECT
-
558
6.9.3.1
BOKEH
-
558
6.9.3.2
STARBURST
EFFECT
-
561
7
MINIATURIZED
IMAGING
SYSTEMS
AND
SMARTPHONE
CAMERAS
-
566
7.1
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
567
7.1.1
PHYSICAL
AND
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
-
567
7.1.1.1
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
BOKEH
-
572
7.1.1.2
FOCUS
CONTROL
-
576
7.1.1.3
IMAGE
STABILIZATION
-
578
7.1.2
LENS
DESIGN
-
579
7.1.2.1
STANDARD
WIDE-ANGLE
LENS
-
580
7.1.2.2
EVOLUTION
OF
SPC
LENS
MODULES
-
583
7.1.2.3
ZOOM
LENSES,
DIGITAL
AND
HYBRID
ZOOM
-
589
7.2
SENSOR
SYSTEMS
OF
SMARTPHONE
AND
MINIATURE
CAMERAS
-
591
7.2.1
CIS
PROPERTIES
-
592
7.2.2
FURTHER
CIS
PROPERTIES:
NOISE
EFFECTS
-
595
7.3
CAMERA
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
-
598
7.3.1
MTF
IN
ABSENCE
OF
NOISE
-
598
7.3.1.1
PERFECT
SYSTEMS
-
598
CONTENTS
-----
XXVII
7.3.1.2
REAL
SYSTEMS
-
602
7.3.1.3
ZOOM
LENSES
-
607
7.3.2
IMAGING
IN
PRESENCE
OF
NOISE
-
610
7.3.3
SUMMARIZING
REMARKS
ON
SPC
IMAGING
QUALITY
-
616
7.4
COMPUTATIONAL
IMAGING
-
617
7.4.1
SHARPNESS
CONTROL
AND
TONAL
CURVE
ADAPTATION
-
618
7.4.2
NOISE
REDUCTION
-
618
7.4.3
HIGH
DYNAMIC
RANGE
-
621
7.4.4
PORTRAIT
MODE
-
623
7.4.5
CORRECTION
OF
LENS
ABERRATIONS
-
625
7.4.6
FINAL
REMARKS
TO
COMPUTATIONAL
IMAGING
AND
IMAGE
PROCESSING
IN
GENERAL
-
626
7.5
ALTERNATIVE
CONCEPTS
FOR
MINIATURE
OPTICS
-
629
7.5.1
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
AND
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
-
630
7.5.1.1
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
-
632
7.5.1.2
FRESNEL
ZONE
PLATES
-
634
7.5.1.3
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
FOR
CAMERA
LENSES
-
635
7.5.1.4
SMALL
DIFFRACTIVE
LENSES
FOR
A
MINIATURIZED
SYSTEMS
-
636
7.5.2
OPTICS
OF
METAMATERIALS
-
637
7.5.2.1
BASICS
OF
NEGATIVE
INDEX
OF
REFRACTION
-
638
7.5.2.2
REALIZATION
OF
METAMATERIALS,
METASURFACES
AND
METALENSES
-
639
7.5.3
SPACEPLATES
-
646
7.5.3.1
GENERAL
ISSUES
ON
SPACEPLATES
-
646
7.5.3.2
REALISATION
OF
SPACEPLATES
AND
PARTICULAR
ISSUES
-
648
8
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
IMAGING
SYSTEMS
-
652
8.1
GENERAL
-
652
8.2
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES,
PART
1:
VIGNETTING
ABERRATIONS
AND
OPTICAL
DYNAMICS
-
654
8.2.1
VIGNETTING
AND
ABERRATIONS
-
654
8.2.2
OPTICAL
DYNAMICS
AND
VEILING
GLARE
-
658
8.3
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES,
PART
2:
MTF
AND
SFR
MEASUREMENTS
-
659
8.3.1
GRATING-BASED
METHODS
-
659
8.3.1.1
GENERAL
-
659
8.3.1.2
BAR
GRATINGS
-
661
8.3.1.3
SIEMENS
STARS
-
662
8.3.1.4
INFLUENCE
OF
TONE
CURVE
-
665
8.3.1.5
POSTPROCESSING:
THE
EFFECT
OF
SHARPENING
AND
CONTRAST
ENHANCEMENT
-
667
8.3.2
EDGE
GRADIENT
AND
SAMPLING
METHODS
-
668
8.3.2.1
PRINCIPLE
AND
KNIFE
EDGE
METHOD
-
668
XXVIII
----
CONTENTS
8.3.2.2
EDGE
SPREAD
FUNCTION
AND
LINE
SPREAD
FUNCTION
-
669
8.3.2.3
SLANTED
EDGE
METHOD
-
671
8.3.3
RANDOM
AND
STOCHASTIC
METHODS
AND
NOISE
PROBLEMS
-
674
8.3.3.1
DEAD
LEAVES
(AND
RELATED)
TARGETS
METHOD
-
674
8.3.3.2
INFLUENCE
OF
IMAGE
PROCESSING
(I.
E.,
IMAGE
MANIPULATION)
AND
SFR
-
676
8.3.4
OTHER
METHODS
AND
A
BRIEF
COMPARISON
OF
THE
DISCUSSED
METHODS
-
679
8.3.5
MTF
CHARACTERIZATION
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
681
8.3.5.1
MEASUREMENTS
AT
DIFFERENT
POSITIONS
-
681
8.3.5.2
MTF
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
683
8.3.5.3
EXAMPLES
OF
MTF
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
685
8.4
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTO-ELECTRONIC
PROPERTIES
-
688
9
OUTLOOK
-
695
9.1
SENSORS
-
695
9.1.1
ORGANIC
CIS,
NANO
CRYSTALLINE,
QUANTUM
DOTS,
GRAPHENE
AND
OTHER
ONES
-
696
9.1.2
SINGLE
PHOTON
IMAGING
AND
QUANTA
IMAGE
SENSORS
-
697
9.2
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
699
9.2.1
3D
IMAGING
-
699
9.2.2
LIQUID
LENS
MODULES
-
702
9.3
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS
AND
FINAL
STATEMENT
-
703
A
APPENDIX
-
705
A.1
FUNCTIONS
AND
RELATIONS
-
705
A.2
FOURIER
MATHEMATICS
-
707
A.3
CONVOLUTION
-
711
A.4
CCD
READOUT
-
714
A.5
CAMERA
AND
SENSOR
DATA
-
717
A.6
HISTOGRAMS
-
721
A.7
TONE
MAPPING
AND
TONE
CURVE
DISCUSSION
-
724
A.8
SUMMARY
OF
FOURIER
OPTICS
RELATIONS
-
729
A.8.1
REMARKS
-
732
A.8.2
REMARK
ON
FOCUSING
-
733
A.9
EXAMPLES
OF
PSF
AND
MTF
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
ABERRATIONS
-
735
A.10
MTF
MEASUREMENTS
WITH
A
SIEMENS
STAR
OFF-CENTER
-
736
A.11
MAXWELL
'
S
EQUATIONS,
WAVE
EQUATION,
ETC.
-
738
A.12
RESOLUTION
AND
CONTRAST
SENSITIVITY
FUNCTION
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
740
CONTENTS
-
XXIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
743
PICTURE
CREDITS
-
745
DISCLAIMER
-
748
INDEX
-
749 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
-
VII
PREFACE
TO
THE
SECOND
EDITION
-
XI
PREFACE
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
-
XIII
ABOUT
THE
AUTHORS
-
XVII
LIST
OF
SYMBOLS
-
XXXI
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
OPTICAL
IMAGING
AND
PHOTOGRAPHY
-
1
1.1
OBJECTIVE
OF
THE
PRESENT
BOOK
-
3
1.2
BASICS
OF
RADIOMETRY
AND
PHOTOMETRY
-
6
1.2.1
RADIANT
ENERGY,
FLUX,
FLUENCE
AND
INTENSITY
-
7
1.2.2
SOLID
ANGLE
AND
RADIANT
INTENSITY
-
8
1.2.3
IRRADIANCE
AND
RADIANCE
-
9
1.2.4
LAMBERTIAN
SURFACE
-
10
1.2.5
RADIANT
EXPOSURE
-
11
1.2.6
PHOTOMETRIC
QUANTITIES
-
12
1.3
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
IMAGE
CHARACTERIZATION
-
14
1.3.1
IMAGING,
"IMAGE
POINTS
"
AND
RESOLUTION
-
14
1.3.2
IMAGING
ISSUES
-
18
1.3.3
THE
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
NUMBER
-
18
1.4
RESOLUTION
ISSUES
AND
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
IMAGES
-
20
1.4.1
RESOLUTION
AND
ANGLE
OF
VIEW
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
20
1.4.2
REMARKS
TO
REASONABLE
NUMBER
OF
"IMAGE
POINTS
"
AND
SBN
IN
PHOTOGRAPHY
-
25
1.4.3
MAGNIFIED
IMAGES
-
25
1.5
IMAGING
AND
FOCUSING
-
28
1.5.1
FOCUSING
AND
F-NUMBER
-
28
1.5.2
IMAGING
AND
IMAGING
CONDITIONS
-
29
1.5.3
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
IMAGING
AND
FOCUSING,
SBN
AND
IMAGE
QUALITY
-
31
1.5.4
CIRCLE
OF
CONFUSION
-
33
1.6
DIGITAL
INPUT
AND
OUTPUT
DEVICES
-
34
1.6.1
IMAGE
ACQUISITION
WITH
A
PHOTODIODE
ARRAY:
SIMPLE
MAN
'
S
VIEW
-
34
1.6.2
IMAGE
REPRODUCED
FROM
A
DIGITAL
DEVICE,
ARTEFACTS,
MOIRE
EFFECT
-
36
1.6.3
SIMILARITY
TO
SPECTROSCOPY
-
41
1.6.4
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
NUMBER
OF
DIGITAL
DEVICES
-
43
1.6.5
IMAGE
OBSERVATION
FROM
DIGITAL
SCREENS
-
48
XX
-
CONTENTS
1.7
OPTICAL
GLASS
-
49
1.7.1
STRUCTURE
OF
SILICA
BASED
GLASSES
-
49
1.7.2
OPTICAL
DISPERSION
IN
GLASSES
-
52
1.8
METAMATERIALS,
METASURFACES
AND
METALENSES
-
56
2
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
AND
STILL
CAMERAS
-
59
2.1
PINHOLE
CAMERA
-
59
2.2
CAMERA
WITH
A
LENS
-
64
2.3
ILLUMINANCE
AND
F-NUMBER
-
70
2.4
EXPOSURE
-
73
2.5
KEY
PARAMETERS
FOR
PHOTOGRAPHIC
EXPOSURE
-
75
2.5.1
SENSITIVITY
AND
SPEED
S
-
76
2.5.2
EXPOSURE
DETERMINATION
AND
EXPOSURE
VALUE
-
78
2.5.3
EXPOSURE
VALUE
AND
RELATIVE
BRIGHTNESS
CHANGE
-
83
2.5.4
OPTIMUM
APERTURE
AND
CRITICAL
F-NUMBER
-
84
2.6
EXAMPLES
OF
CAMERA
SYSTEMS
-
86
2.6.1
SINGLE
LENS
REFLEX
CAMERA
-
86
2.6.1.1
CHARACTERISTICS
AND
CAMERA
BODY
-
86
2.6.1.2
FILM
FORMATS
AND
CAMERA
LENSES
-
90
2.6.2
DIGITAL
SINGLE
LENS
REFLEX
CAMERA
-
92
2.6.2.1
CHARACTERISTICS
-
92
2.6.2.2
CAMERA
LENSES
-
94
2.6.2.3
EXAMPLES
FOR
DSLR
CAMERAS
-
95
2.6.3
DIGITAL
COMPACT
CAMERA
-
97
2.6.3.1
CHARACTERISTICS
-
97
2.6.3.2
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
COMPACT
SETUP
-
99
2.6.3.3
EXAMPLES
FOR
COMPACT
CAMERAS
-
100
2.6.4
OTHER
TYPES
OF
DIGITAL
CAMERAS
AND
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS
-
101
2.6.4.1
MIRRORLESS
INTERCHANGEABLE
LENS
CAMERA
AND
SINGLE
LENS
TRANSLUCENT
CAMERA
-
101
2.6.4.2
MOBILE
PHONE
CAMERA
AND
MINIATURE
CAMERA
-
103
2.6.5
CAMERAS
FOR
SCIENTIFIC
AND
INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSES
-
106
3
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
108
3.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
GEOMETRICAL
OPTICS
-
108
3.1.1
HUYGENS
'
PRINCIPLE,
HELMHOLTZ
EQUATION
AND
RAYS
-
108
3.1.2
RAY
EQUATION,
SNELL
'
S
LAW
AND
REFLECTION
LOSS
-
110
3.1.3
GAUSSIAN
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
113
3.1.4
IMAGE
FORMATION
-
115
3.2
THICK
LENSES
-
121
3.2.1
BASIC
LENS
EQUATIONS
FOR
THICK
LENSES
-
121
3.2.2
TYPES
OF
LENSES
AND
LENS
SHAPES
-
124
CONTENTS
-
XXI
3.3
RAY
PATH
CALCULATION
BY
THE
MATRIX
METHOD
-
127
3.3.1
RAY
TRANSLATION
MATRIX
-
128
3.3.2
RAY
REFRACTION
MATRIX
-
129
3.3.3
THICK-LENS
AND
THIN-LENS
MATRIX
-
130
3.3.4
RAY
TRANSFER
MATRIX
FOR
OPTICAL
SYSTEMS
-
132
3.3.5
EXAMPLES
OF
SIMPLE
CAMERA
LENS
SETUPS
-
135
3.3.6
RAY
TRANSFER
METHOD
FOR
GAUSSIAN
BEAMS
-
142
3.3.6.1
VORTEX
EQUATION
FOR
A
BALL
LENS
-
143
3.3.6.2
SYSTEM
MATRIX
FOR
A
FIBER
BALL
LENS
SYSTEM
-
145
3.3.6.3
GAUSSIAN
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
146
3.3.6.4
COMPARISON
OF
THEORETICAL
APPROACHES
WITH
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
-
149
3.3.7
SOFTWARE-BASED
COMPUTATIONAL
METHODS
-
152
3.3.7.1
RAY
TRACING
-
152
3.3.7.2
BEAM
PROPAGATION
-
153
3.4
LIMITATIONS
OF
LIGHT
RAYS
-
154
3.4.1
CONTROLLING
THE
BRIGHTNESS:
APERTURE
STOPS
AND
PUPILS
-
155
3.4.2
CONTROLLING
THE
FIELD
OF
VIEW:
FIELD
STOPS
AND
WINDOWS
-
159
3.4.3
PROPERTIES
AND
EFFECTS
OF
STOPS,
PUPILS
AND
WINDOWS
-
160
3.4.4
CONTROLLING
VIGNETTING
IN
LENS
SYSTEMS
-
165
3.4.5
TELECENTRIC
LENS
SETUP
-
170
3.4.6
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS
-
173
3.5
LENS
ABERRATIONS
-
178
3.5.1
SPHERICAL
ABERRATION
-
180
3.5.2
COMA
-
185
3.5.3
ASTIGMATISM
-
188
3.5.4
CURVATURE
OF
FIELD
-
192
3.5.5
DISTORTION
-
196
3.5.6
CHROMATIC
ABERRATION
-
200
3.5.6.1
ACHROMATIC
DOUBLET:
TWO
THIN
LENSES
OF
DIFFERENT
MATERIALS
-
203
3.5.6.2
ACHROMATIC
DOUBLET:
TWO
THIN
LENSES
OF
IDENTICAL
MATERIALS
WITH
SEPARATION
-
205
3.5.6.3
COMPLEX
ACHROMATIC
SYSTEMS
-
206
3.5.7
ASPHERIC
SURFACES
-
207
4
SENSORS
AND
DETECTORS
-
213
4.1
GENERAL,
FILMS,
PHOTODIODE
ARRAYS
-
213
4.1.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
OVERVIEW
OF
2D
DETECTORS
-
213
4.1.2
INTRODUCTION
TO
COLOR
REPRODUCTION
-
215
4.1.3
FILMS
-
PRINCIPLE
OF
THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
SILVER
HALIDE
FILM
IMAGING
PROCESS
-
217
XXII
-
CONTENTS
4.1.4
PHOTOGRAPHIC
REVERSAL
FILMS
AND
COLOR
FILMS
-
224
4.1.4.1
REVERSAL
FILMS
-
224
4.1.4.2
COLOR
NEGATIVE
AND
COLOR
SLIDE
FILMS
-
225
4.2
ELECTRONIC
SENSORS:
PHOTODIODE
ARRAYS
-
227
4.2.1
OPTOELECTRONIC
PRINCIPLES
OF
A
PHOTODIODE
-
227
4.2.2
CHARGE
DETECTION
AND
CONVERSION
-
233
4.3
FORMATS
AND
SIZES
-
239
4.3.1
FORMATS
AND
SIZES
OF
FILMS
AND
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
239
4.3.2
FULL
FORMAT
AND
CROP
FACTOR
-
242
4.4
CCD
SENSORS
-
244
4.4.1
BASICS
-
244
4.4.2
CCD
OPERATION
PRINCIPLES
-
246
4.4.2.1
FULL
FRAME
TRANSFER
CCD
-
247
4.4.2.2
INTERLINE
TRANSFER
CCD
-
247
4.4.2.3
FRAME
TRANSFER
CCD
-
248
4.4.2.4
FRAME-INTERLINE-TRANSFER-CCD
-
248
4.5
CMOS
SENSORS
-
248
4.5.1
BASICS
-
248
4.5.2
GENERAL
ISSUES
OF
CCD
AND
CMOS
SENSORS
AND
COMPARISON
OF
BOTH
SENSOR
TYPES
-
250
4.5.2.1
CHIP
ARCHITECTURE
-
250
4.5.2.2
EXPOSURE
AND
READOUT
-
251
4.5.2.3
COMPARISON
OF
CCD
AND
CMOS
SENSORS
-
252
4.6
CCD
AND
CMOS
SYSTEMS
-
254
4.6.1
FILL
FACTOR
AND
OPTICAL
MICROLENS
ARRAY
-
254
4.6.2
OPTICAL
LOW
PASS
AND
INFRARED
FILTERS
-
258
4.6.3
COLOR
INFORMATION
-
259
4.7
NOISE
AND
BACKGROUND
-
265
4.7.1
BASICS
-
265
4.7.2
NOISE
DISTRIBUTIONS
-
267
4.7.3
TEMPORAL
NOISE
-
269
4.7.4
SPATIAL
NOISE
-
274
4.7.5
BLOOMING,
SMEAR,
IMAGE
LAG
AND
CROSS-TALK
-
275
4.7.5.1
BLOOMING
-
275
4.7.5.2
SMEAR
-
276
4.7.5.3
IMAGE
LAG
-
276
4.7.5.4
CROSS
TALK
-
276
4.7.6
TOTAL
NOISE
-
277
4.8
DYNAMIC
RANGE,
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE
RATIO
AND
DETECTOR
RESPONSE
-
281
4.8.1
DYNAMIC
RANGE
-
281
4.8.2
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE
RATIO
-
285
4.8.3
BINNING
-
287
CONTENTS
-
XXIII
4.8.4
REQUIREMENTS
-
289
4.8.5
DETECTOR
RESPONSE
-
291
4.8.5.1
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
FILMS
-
291
4.8.5.2
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
ELECTRONIC
DETECTORS
-
294
4.8.5.3
COMPARISON
OF
THE
RESPONSE
CURVES
OF
ELECTRONIC
DETECTORS
AND
THOSE
OF
FILMS
-
297
4.8.6
DATA
QUANTIZATION
AND
DEPTH
RESOLUTION
-
298
4.8.7
EXAMPLES
OF
PHOTON
CONVERSION
CHARACTERISTICS
-
303
4.8.8
"ISO-GAIN"
FOR
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
305
4.8.9
THE
"UNIVERSAL"
CURVE
-
309
4.9
BASICS
OF
IMAGE
PROCESSING
AND
MODIFICATION
-
311
4.9.1
SENSOR
FIELD
CORRECTIONS
-
311
4.9.2
BASIC
IMAGE
CORRECTIONS
-
315
4.9.2.1
IMAGE
PROCESSORS
AND
RAW
CONVERTERS
-
315
4.9.2.2
RAW
DATA
-
317
4.9.2.3
DIGITAL
NEGATIVES
-
319
4.9.3
DE-MOSAICING
-
320
4.9.4
TONE
MAPPING
-
321
4.9.5
FURTHER
TONE
MAPPING,
HDR
AND
FINAL
REMARKS
-
328
4.9.5.1
INCREASE
OF
DYNAMIC
RANGE:
HDR
AND
DRI
-
330
4.9.5.2
ADDITIONAL
AND
FINAL
REMARKS
-
333
4.10
ADVANCED
AND
SPECIAL
SENSORS
AND
SENSOR
SYSTEMS
-
335
4.10.1
SENSOR
WITH
STACKED
COLOR
INFORMATION
-
335
4.10.2
SENSOR
WITH
A
COLOR-SORTING
METALENS
ARRAY
-
337
4.10.3
PIXEL
INTERLEAVED
ARRAY
CCD
-
340
4.10.4
BSI
CCD
AND
BSI
CMOS
----
342
4.10.5
ADVANCES
IN
CMOS
TECHNOLOGY
-
344
4.10.5.1
SCIENTIFIC
CMOS
SENSORS
-
344
4.10.5.2
ADVANCES
FOR
SMALL
PIXELS:
TEXTURES,
DEPTH
INCREASE
AND
DEEP
TRENCH
ISOLATION
-
345
4.10.5.3
CMOS
STACKING
TECHNOLOGY
-
348
4.10.6
HARDWARE
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
DYNAMIC
RANGE
EXTENSION
-
349
4.10.6.1
STAGGERED
HDR
TECHNOLOGY
-
349
4.10.6.2
SPLIT
PIXEL
AND
SUBPIXEL
TECHNOLOGY
-
350
4.10.6.3
DUAL
OR
MULTIPLE
CONVERSION
GAIN
-
351
4.10.6.4
FULL
WELL
ADJUSTING
METHOD,
SKIMMING
HDR
-
353
4.10.6.5
SENSOR
WITH
COMPLEMENTARY
CARRIER
COLLECTION
-
353
4.10.6.6
LOGARITHMIC
HIGH-DYNAMIC
RANGE
CMOS
SENSOR
-
353
4.10.7
SENSORS
WITH
LARGE
PIXEL
NUMBER
AND/OR
SPECIAL
PIXELS
-
354
4.10.7.1
MULTIPIXEL
CELL
TECHNOLOGY
-
354
4.10.7.2
POLARIZED
SENSORS
-
356
4.10.7.3
PHASE
DETECTION
AUTOFOCUS
-
356
XXIV
----
CONTENTS
4.10.7.4
TIME
OF
FLIGHT
SENSORS
-
360
4.10.8
ADVANCEMENTS
FOR
THE
IR
REGION:
DEEP
DEPLETION
CCD
-
361
4.11
IMAGE
CONVERTERS
AND
IMAGE
INTENSIFIERS
-
362
4.11.1
IMAGE
CONVERTERS
-
362
4.11.2
BASICS
OF
LIGHT
SIGNAL
INTENSIFIERS
-
365
4.11.3
MICROCHANNEL
PLATE
INTENSIFIERS
-
367
4.11.4
INTENSIFIED
CCD
AND
CMOS
CAMERAS
-
372
4.11.5
ELECTRON-MULTIPLYING
CCD
-
376
4.12
CURVED
SENSORS
-
378
5
FOURIER
OPTICS
-
385
5.1
FUNDAMENTALS
-
385
5.1.1
BASICS,
ELECTRIC
FIELD,
AMPLITUDE
AND
PHASE
AND
REMARKS
IN
ADVANCE
-
385
5.1.2
BACKGROUND
OF
FOURIER
OPTICS,
DIFFRACTION
WITH
COHERENT
LIGHT
-
388
5.1.3
"4-F-SYSTEM"
-
392
5.1.4
IMAGING
AND
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
-
396
5.1.4.1
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
(PSF)
-
396
5.1.4.2
WIDTH
OF
THE
POINT
SPREAD
FUNCTION
AND
INVARIANTS
-
400
5.1.5
OPTICAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION,
MODULATION
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
AND
PHASE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
-
402
5.1.5.1
CONVOLUTION
AND
OPTICAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
OTF
-
402
5.1.5.2
OTF
OF
A
CYLINDRICAL
AND
A
SPHERICAL
LENS
-
406
5.1.5.3
CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
-
407
5.1.5.4
OTF,
MTF,
PTF
----
408
5.1.6
RESOLUTION,
MAXIMUM
FREQUENCY
AND
CONTRAST
-
410
5.1.6.1
MAXIMUM
FREQUENCY
-
410
5.1.6.2
RESOLUTION
AND
CONTRAST
-
412
5.1.7
DIFFERENCES
FOR
IMAGING
WITH
COHERENT
AND
INCOHERENT
LIGHT
-
413
5.1.8
SPACE
BANDWIDTH
PRODUCT
-
416
5.1.9
IMAGE
MANIPULATION
-
419
5.1.9.1
LOW
AND
HIGH-PASS
FILTERS
-
419
5.1.9.2
UNSHARP
MASKING
-
421
5.2
DISCUSSION
OF
THE
MTF
-
423
5.2.1
TEST
OBJECTS,
MTF,
CONTRAST,
SPATIAL
FREQUENCY
UNITS
-
423
5.2.1.1
BAR
GRATINGS
-
425
5.2.1.2
MORE
REALISTIC
MTF
CURVES
-
427
5.2.2
IMAGE
QUALITY
CHARACTERIZATION
BY
MEANS
OF
A
SINGLE
MTF
VALUE
-
429
5.2.3
OTF
AND
MTF
OF
A
SYSTEM
-
429
5.2.4
MTF
OF
LENSES,
OBJECTIVES
AND
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
431
5.2.4.1
WAVEFRONT
ABERRATIONS
-
431
5.2.4.2
DEFOCUSING
-
432
CONTENTS
-
XXV
5.2.4.3
APODIZATION
-----437
5.2.4.4
DEPENDENCE
ON
WAVELENGTH
AND
F-NUMBER
AND
CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
-
437
5.2.4.5
MTF
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
439
5.2.5
MTF
OF
SENSORS
-
440
5.2.5.1
FILMS
-
441
5.2.5.2
DIGITAL
SENSORS
-
441
5.2.6
MTF
OF
A
CAMERA
SYSTEM
AND
ITS
COMPONENTS
-
447
5.2.7
MTF
CURVES
OF
CAMERAS
-
448
5.2.7.1
MTF
CURVES
OF
CAMERAS
WITH
CURVED
IMAGE
SENSORS
-
452
5.2.7.2
MEGAPIXEL
DELUSION?
-
454
5.2.8
SHARPNESS,
PERCEIVED
SHARPNESS,
ACUTANCE
AND
NOISE
REDUCTION
-
456
5.2.9
JUDGMENT
OF
MTF
CURVES
-
461
5.3
RESOLUTION,
SBN,
MTF
AND
PSF
-
465
5.3.1
RESOLUTION
IN
GENERAL
-
465
5.3.2
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
RESOLUTION,
SBN
AND
MTF
WITH
RESPECT
TO
OPTICS
ONLY
-
467
5.3.3
RELATIONS
WITH
RESPECT
TO
THE
SENSOR
AND
THE
WHOLE
CAMERA
SYSTEM
-
472
5.3.4
SYSTEM-PSF
AND
INTEGRATED
PIXEL
SIGNALS
-
473
6
CAMERA
LENSES
-
478
6.1
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
CAMERA
LENSES
-
478
6.2
SHORT
HISTORY
OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC
LENSES
-
480
6.2.1
SIMPLE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
LENSES
-
481
6.2.2
PETZVAL
PORTRAIT
LENS
-
482
6.2.3
EARLY
SYMMETRIC
LENSES
-
483
6.2.4
EARLY
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
NEW
AND
OLD
ACHROMATS
-
484
6.2.5
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
THREE
LENS
GROUPS
-
487
6.2.6
DOUBLE-GAUSS
ANASTIGMATS
CONSISTING
OF
FOUR
LENS
GROUPS
OR
MORE
-
489
6.3
LONG
FOCUS
LENSES
-
492
6.3.1
TELEPHOTO
PRINCIPLE
-
493
6.3.2
FOCUSING
BY
MOVING
LENS
GROUPS
-
496
6.3.3
EXAMPLES
OF
MODERN
LONG
FOCUS
LENSES
-
499
6.3.4
TELECONVERTERS
-
502
6.4
NORMAL
LENSES
-
504
6.5
WIDE-ANGLE
LENSES
-
509
6.5.1
RETROFOCUS
DESIGN
-
509
6.5.2
SYMMETRIC
LENS
DESIGN-BIOGON
TYPE
-
512
6.5.3
PROPERTIES
AND
EXAMPLES
OF
MODERN
WIDE-ANGLE
LENSES
-
513
6.5.4
FISHEYE
LENSES
-
518
XXVI
----
CONTENTS
6.6
VARIFOCAL
AND
ZOOM
LENSES
-
522
6.7
PERSPECTIVE
CONTROL
-
TILT/SHIFT
LENSES
-
527
6.7.1
SCHEIMPFLUG
PRINCIPLE
-
527
6.7.2
PRINCIPAL
FUNCTION
OF
SHIFT
AND
TILT
-
531
6.7.2.1
SHIFT
FUNCTION
-
531
6.7.2.2
TILT
FUNCTION
-
533
6.7.3
SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CONSTRUCTIONS
OF
PC-LENSES
FOR
35
MM
FORMAT
-
535
6.8
ANTIREFLECTION
COATING
AND
LENS
FLARES
-
536
6.8.1
ANTIREFLECTION
COATING
-
537
6.8.1.1
SINGLE-LAYER
COATING
-
538
6.8.1.2
DOUBLE-LAYER
COATING
-
540
6.8.1.3
TRIPLE-LAYER
AND
MULTILAYER
COATINGS
-
541
6.8.2
LENS
FLARES
-
544
6.8.2.1
DOUBLE
REFLECTIONS
-
545
6.8.2.2
STRUCTURED
GHOST
FLARES
AND
STRAY
LIGHT
HAZE
-
547
6.8.3
T-STOP
----
551
6.9
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS,
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
BOKEH
-
552
6.9.1
DEPTH
OF
FOCUS
-
552
6.9.2
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
-
553
6.9.2.1
SAME
LENS
USED
WITH
DIFFERENT
IMAGE
FORMATS
-
554
6.9.2.2
SAME
OBJECT
FIELD
WITH
DIFFERENT
IMAGE
FORMATS
-
556
6.9.3
BOKEH
AND
STARBURST
EFFECT
-
558
6.9.3.1
BOKEH
-
558
6.9.3.2
STARBURST
EFFECT
-
561
7
MINIATURIZED
IMAGING
SYSTEMS
AND
SMARTPHONE
CAMERAS
-
566
7.1
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
567
7.1.1
PHYSICAL
AND
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
-
567
7.1.1.1
DEPTH
OF
FIELD
AND
BOKEH
-
572
7.1.1.2
FOCUS
CONTROL
-
576
7.1.1.3
IMAGE
STABILIZATION
-
578
7.1.2
LENS
DESIGN
-
579
7.1.2.1
STANDARD
WIDE-ANGLE
LENS
-
580
7.1.2.2
EVOLUTION
OF
SPC
LENS
MODULES
-
583
7.1.2.3
ZOOM
LENSES,
DIGITAL
AND
HYBRID
ZOOM
-
589
7.2
SENSOR
SYSTEMS
OF
SMARTPHONE
AND
MINIATURE
CAMERAS
-
591
7.2.1
CIS
PROPERTIES
-
592
7.2.2
FURTHER
CIS
PROPERTIES:
NOISE
EFFECTS
-
595
7.3
CAMERA
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
-
598
7.3.1
MTF
IN
ABSENCE
OF
NOISE
-
598
7.3.1.1
PERFECT
SYSTEMS
-
598
CONTENTS
-----
XXVII
7.3.1.2
REAL
SYSTEMS
-
602
7.3.1.3
ZOOM
LENSES
-
607
7.3.2
IMAGING
IN
PRESENCE
OF
NOISE
-
610
7.3.3
SUMMARIZING
REMARKS
ON
SPC
IMAGING
QUALITY
-
616
7.4
COMPUTATIONAL
IMAGING
-
617
7.4.1
SHARPNESS
CONTROL
AND
TONAL
CURVE
ADAPTATION
-
618
7.4.2
NOISE
REDUCTION
-
618
7.4.3
HIGH
DYNAMIC
RANGE
-
621
7.4.4
PORTRAIT
MODE
-
623
7.4.5
CORRECTION
OF
LENS
ABERRATIONS
-
625
7.4.6
FINAL
REMARKS
TO
COMPUTATIONAL
IMAGING
AND
IMAGE
PROCESSING
IN
GENERAL
-
626
7.5
ALTERNATIVE
CONCEPTS
FOR
MINIATURE
OPTICS
-
629
7.5.1
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
AND
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
-
630
7.5.1.1
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
-
632
7.5.1.2
FRESNEL
ZONE
PLATES
-
634
7.5.1.3
DIFFRACTIVE
OPTICS
FOR
CAMERA
LENSES
-
635
7.5.1.4
SMALL
DIFFRACTIVE
LENSES
FOR
A
MINIATURIZED
SYSTEMS
-
636
7.5.2
OPTICS
OF
METAMATERIALS
-
637
7.5.2.1
BASICS
OF
NEGATIVE
INDEX
OF
REFRACTION
-
638
7.5.2.2
REALIZATION
OF
METAMATERIALS,
METASURFACES
AND
METALENSES
-
639
7.5.3
SPACEPLATES
-
646
7.5.3.1
GENERAL
ISSUES
ON
SPACEPLATES
-
646
7.5.3.2
REALISATION
OF
SPACEPLATES
AND
PARTICULAR
ISSUES
-
648
8
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
IMAGING
SYSTEMS
-
652
8.1
GENERAL
-
652
8.2
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES,
PART
1:
VIGNETTING
ABERRATIONS
AND
OPTICAL
DYNAMICS
-
654
8.2.1
VIGNETTING
AND
ABERRATIONS
-
654
8.2.2
OPTICAL
DYNAMICS
AND
VEILING
GLARE
-
658
8.3
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES,
PART
2:
MTF
AND
SFR
MEASUREMENTS
-
659
8.3.1
GRATING-BASED
METHODS
-
659
8.3.1.1
GENERAL
-
659
8.3.1.2
BAR
GRATINGS
-
661
8.3.1.3
SIEMENS
STARS
-
662
8.3.1.4
INFLUENCE
OF
TONE
CURVE
-
665
8.3.1.5
POSTPROCESSING:
THE
EFFECT
OF
SHARPENING
AND
CONTRAST
ENHANCEMENT
-
667
8.3.2
EDGE
GRADIENT
AND
SAMPLING
METHODS
-
668
8.3.2.1
PRINCIPLE
AND
KNIFE
EDGE
METHOD
-
668
XXVIII
----
CONTENTS
8.3.2.2
EDGE
SPREAD
FUNCTION
AND
LINE
SPREAD
FUNCTION
-
669
8.3.2.3
SLANTED
EDGE
METHOD
-
671
8.3.3
RANDOM
AND
STOCHASTIC
METHODS
AND
NOISE
PROBLEMS
-
674
8.3.3.1
DEAD
LEAVES
(AND
RELATED)
TARGETS
METHOD
-
674
8.3.3.2
INFLUENCE
OF
IMAGE
PROCESSING
(I.
E.,
IMAGE
MANIPULATION)
AND
SFR
-
676
8.3.4
OTHER
METHODS
AND
A
BRIEF
COMPARISON
OF
THE
DISCUSSED
METHODS
-
679
8.3.5
MTF
CHARACTERIZATION
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
681
8.3.5.1
MEASUREMENTS
AT
DIFFERENT
POSITIONS
-
681
8.3.5.2
MTF
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
683
8.3.5.3
EXAMPLES
OF
MTF
ACROSS
THE
IMAGE
FIELD
-
685
8.4
EVALUATION
OF
THE
OPTO-ELECTRONIC
PROPERTIES
-
688
9
OUTLOOK
-
695
9.1
SENSORS
-
695
9.1.1
ORGANIC
CIS,
NANO
CRYSTALLINE,
QUANTUM
DOTS,
GRAPHENE
AND
OTHER
ONES
-
696
9.1.2
SINGLE
PHOTON
IMAGING
AND
QUANTA
IMAGE
SENSORS
-
697
9.2
IMAGING
OPTICS
-
699
9.2.1
3D
IMAGING
-
699
9.2.2
LIQUID
LENS
MODULES
-
702
9.3
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS
AND
FINAL
STATEMENT
-
703
A
APPENDIX
-
705
A.1
FUNCTIONS
AND
RELATIONS
-
705
A.2
FOURIER
MATHEMATICS
-
707
A.3
CONVOLUTION
-
711
A.4
CCD
READOUT
-
714
A.5
CAMERA
AND
SENSOR
DATA
-
717
A.6
HISTOGRAMS
-
721
A.7
TONE
MAPPING
AND
TONE
CURVE
DISCUSSION
-
724
A.8
SUMMARY
OF
FOURIER
OPTICS
RELATIONS
-
729
A.8.1
REMARKS
-
732
A.8.2
REMARK
ON
FOCUSING
-
733
A.9
EXAMPLES
OF
PSF
AND
MTF
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
ABERRATIONS
-
735
A.10
MTF
MEASUREMENTS
WITH
A
SIEMENS
STAR
OFF-CENTER
-
736
A.11
MAXWELL
'
S
EQUATIONS,
WAVE
EQUATION,
ETC.
-
738
A.12
RESOLUTION
AND
CONTRAST
SENSITIVITY
FUNCTION
OF
THE
HUMAN
EYE
-
740
CONTENTS
-
XXIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
743
PICTURE
CREDITS
-
745
DISCLAIMER
-
748
INDEX
-
749 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Teubner, Ulrich 1962- Brückner, Hans Josef |
| author_GND | (DE-588)120657872 (DE-588)1252653077 |
| author_facet | Teubner, Ulrich 1962- Brückner, Hans Josef |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Teubner, Ulrich 1962- |
| author_variant | u t ut h j b hj hjb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049427120 |
| classification_rvk | UH 6700 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1422510205 (DE-599)DNB1286241502 |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 2nd revised and extended edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV049427120 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:09:22Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-20T11:01:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)10095502-2 |
| isbn | 9783110789904 3110789906 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034773319 |
| oclc_num | 1422510205 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-11 DE-20 DE-210 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-11 DE-20 DE-210 DE-703 |
| physical | XXXIX, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm x 17 cm |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | De Gruyter reference |
| spelling | Teubner, Ulrich 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)120657872 aut Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems Ulrich Teubner, Hans Josef Brückner 2nd revised and extended edition Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2024] © 2024 XXXIX, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier De Gruyter reference Photodetektor (DE-588)4136941-5 gnd rswk-swf Fotografie (DE-588)4045895-7 gnd rswk-swf Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd rswk-swf Fotoapparat (DE-588)4045869-6 gnd rswk-swf Bildverarbeitung (DE-588)4006684-8 gnd rswk-swf Photodiode (DE-588)4136942-7 gnd rswk-swf Fourier-Optik (DE-588)4155108-4 gnd rswk-swf Technische Optik (DE-588)4078181-1 gnd rswk-swf Optischer Sensor (DE-588)4075677-4 gnd rswk-swf Fotometrie (DE-588)4174524-3 gnd rswk-swf Optische Abbildung (DE-588)4258512-0 gnd rswk-swf Fotographie Microscopy Mikroskopie Optical Imaging Optische Abbildung Photography Technical Optics Technische Optik Bildverarbeitung (DE-588)4006684-8 s Optische Abbildung (DE-588)4258512-0 s Optischer Sensor (DE-588)4075677-4 s Photodetektor (DE-588)4136941-5 s Fotografie (DE-588)4045895-7 s Fotoapparat (DE-588)4045869-6 s Fourier-Optik (DE-588)4155108-4 s DE-604 Technische Optik (DE-588)4078181-1 s Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 s Fotometrie (DE-588)4174524-3 s Photodiode (DE-588)4136942-7 s Brückner, Hans Josef Verfasser (DE-588)1252653077 aut Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)10095502-2 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-11-078996-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-11-078997-3 X:MVB https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110789904 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034773319&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20230414 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Teubner, Ulrich 1962- Brückner, Hans Josef Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems Photodetektor (DE-588)4136941-5 gnd Fotografie (DE-588)4045895-7 gnd Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd Fotoapparat (DE-588)4045869-6 gnd Bildverarbeitung (DE-588)4006684-8 gnd Photodiode (DE-588)4136942-7 gnd Fourier-Optik (DE-588)4155108-4 gnd Technische Optik (DE-588)4078181-1 gnd Optischer Sensor (DE-588)4075677-4 gnd Fotometrie (DE-588)4174524-3 gnd Optische Abbildung (DE-588)4258512-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136941-5 (DE-588)4045895-7 (DE-588)4172667-4 (DE-588)4045869-6 (DE-588)4006684-8 (DE-588)4136942-7 (DE-588)4155108-4 (DE-588)4078181-1 (DE-588)4075677-4 (DE-588)4174524-3 (DE-588)4258512-0 |
| title | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems |
| title_auth | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems |
| title_exact_search | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems |
| title_full | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems Ulrich Teubner, Hans Josef Brückner |
| title_fullStr | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems Ulrich Teubner, Hans Josef Brückner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical imaging and photography imaging optics, sensors and systems Ulrich Teubner, Hans Josef Brückner |
| title_short | Optical imaging and photography |
| title_sort | optical imaging and photography imaging optics sensors and systems |
| title_sub | imaging optics, sensors and systems |
| topic | Photodetektor (DE-588)4136941-5 gnd Fotografie (DE-588)4045895-7 gnd Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd Fotoapparat (DE-588)4045869-6 gnd Bildverarbeitung (DE-588)4006684-8 gnd Photodiode (DE-588)4136942-7 gnd Fourier-Optik (DE-588)4155108-4 gnd Technische Optik (DE-588)4078181-1 gnd Optischer Sensor (DE-588)4075677-4 gnd Fotometrie (DE-588)4174524-3 gnd Optische Abbildung (DE-588)4258512-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Photodetektor Fotografie Optische Messtechnik Fotoapparat Bildverarbeitung Photodiode Fourier-Optik Technische Optik Optischer Sensor Fotometrie Optische Abbildung |
| url | https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110789904 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034773319&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teubnerulrich opticalimagingandphotographyimagingopticssensorsandsystems AT brucknerhansjosef opticalimagingandphotographyimagingopticssensorsandsystems AT walterdegruytergmbhcokg opticalimagingandphotographyimagingopticssensorsandsystems |