How life increases biodiversity: an autocatalytic hypothesis
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton ; London ; New York
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
2022
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 249 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780367631345 9781138341401 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................... xi Author........................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1 Introduction............ ........... 1 References................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2 Biodiversity: Organisms Create It, Ecosystems Maximize It............... 7 What Is Biodiversity?....... ...................................................................... 7 Numbers of Organisms and Biodiversity Were Both Spectacularly High Before Human Impacts Became Dominant........ 8 How Many Species Are There?............................................................... 8 Cryptic Species......................................................................... Life Achieved Amazingly High Diversity with Very Little Space and Nutrients........................................................................ Natural Selection Favors Biodiversity................................................... 11 After Mass Extinctions, Subordinate Taxa Often Replace Dominant Ones...................................................................................... 11 Niches Become Filled Quickly; There Are No Empty Niches for Long Time Periods........................................................................... 15 Key Innovations Lead to Major Adaptive Radiations..........................17 Quasi-Stable States Support the ABH.......
........................................... 17 Life’s Evolutionary History Has Trended in the Direction of Biodiversity, Not Complexity................................................................ 21 Four Patterns of Biodiversity Strongly Support the ABH................... 23 References.................................. :.................................. 32 Chapter 3 Natural Selection Is One Mechanism by Which the Autocatalytic Biodiversity Hypothesis Operates................................ 35 Extraordinary Ability of Organisms to Adapt by Natural Selection.... 35 Organisms Increase Variability within Populations........................... 41 Organisms Drive Speciation................................................................. 44 Sexual Selection Increases Biodiversity.................................. 48 Organisms Caused Many Macroevolutionary Transitions..................49 References.............................................................................................. 52 Chapter 4 Mutualism Is Fundamental and Greatly Increases Diversity..............57 Mutualism Is Favored by Natural Selection, Very Common, and Greatly Increases Diversity............................................................57 vii 10 10
viii Contents Types of Mutualism................................................................................60 Genetic Coevolutionary Mutualism................................................ 60 Prokaryote-to-Prokaryote Mutualisms............................................ 60 Eukaryote-Bacteria Mutualisms.......................................................63 The Mitochondrion...................................................................... 63 Plastids and the Chloroplast........................................................64 Nitrogen Fixation......................................................................... 65 Multicellularity from Mutualistic Evolution between Protists and Bacteria.............................................................. .....66 Bioluminescence.......................................................................... 66 Eukaryote-Eukaryote Mutualisms (Sometimes Including Prokaryotes).......................................................... 68 Lichens.............................. 68 .................................................................................................. 70 Termites and Their Mutualistic Microbiome..............................71 Endophytes and Plants................................................................. 74 Animal and Plant Mutualisms, Sometimes Involving Other Taxa........................................................................................ 75 Leafcutter Ants, Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria..............................75 Plants, Mycorrhizal Fungi, Rodents, and Helper Bacteria......
79 Mutualisms Exclusively between Plants and Animals................... 88 Plant Pollination and Seed Dispersal by Animals..................... 89 Coral Reefs.......................................................................................100 Müllerian Mimicry.......................................................................... 106 Additional Examples of Mutualism in Nature.............................. 108 Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism Are Often Hard to Distinguish, and Are Complex.............................................................116 When One Considers Indirect Mutualism, Mutualism Is Very Common.................................. 117 Cheating in “Mutualism”..................................................................... 118 Interactions in Nature Involving Mutualism Are Often Extremely Complex, with High Diversity Maintaining Their Stability....................................................................................... 118 Ecosystems Help Other Ecosystems That Are Sometimes Far Away from Them; This Is Often Carried Out by Life................ 119 Conclusion: Eminent Importance of Mutualism................................ 122 References............................................................................................. 122 Chapter 5 Commensalism Is Ubiquitous, and Maintains and Increases Diversity......................................................... 137 Introduction........................................................................................... 137 Types of
Commensalism...................................................................... 137 Inquilinism.......................................................................................137 Use of Another Organism as Habitat............................................. 139 Batesian Mimicry ............................................................................141
Contents ix Other Kinds of Mimicry............................. ................................... 144 Phoresy............................................................................................ 145 Other Commensalisms................................................................... 146 Indirect Commensalism...................................................................... 148 Keystone Species.................................................................................. 149 Some Ecosystem Engineers Are Keystone Species..................... 154 Beavers Are Good Examples of Keystone Species and Ecosystem Engineers That Increase Species Richness Tremendously....................... 162 Conclusion.......... ................................................................................. 164 References............................................................................................ 164 Chapter 6 Interspecific Competition Increases Species Richness...................... 169 References.............................................................................................176 Chapter 7 Plants Are Ecosystem Engineers That Aid Other Life and Are Linked to It.................................................................................... 179 References............................................................................................ 193 Chapter 8 Herbivores Generate Biodiversity....................................................... 195
References............................................................................................ 204 Chapter 9 Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts: Mutualistic Relationships That Create High Diversity.......................................... 207 References............................................................................................ 222 Chapter 10 Decomposers Are Indispensable to Their Ecosystems..................... 225 References............................................................................................ 229 Chapter 11 Eight New Proposed Principles of Ecology and Evolution............... 231 References............................................................................................ 239 Index........................................................................................................................... 241
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| adam_txt |
Contents Acknowledgments. xi Author. xiii Chapter 1 Introduction. . 1 References. 6 Chapter 2 Biodiversity: Organisms Create It, Ecosystems Maximize It. 7 What Is Biodiversity?. . 7 Numbers of Organisms and Biodiversity Were Both Spectacularly High Before Human Impacts Became Dominant. 8 How Many Species Are There?. 8 Cryptic Species. Life Achieved Amazingly High Diversity with Very Little Space and Nutrients. Natural Selection Favors Biodiversity. 11 After Mass Extinctions, Subordinate Taxa Often Replace Dominant Ones. 11 Niches Become Filled Quickly; There Are No Empty Niches for Long Time Periods. 15 Key Innovations Lead to Major Adaptive Radiations.17 Quasi-Stable States Support the ABH.
. 17 Life’s Evolutionary History Has Trended in the Direction of Biodiversity, Not Complexity. 21 Four Patterns of Biodiversity Strongly Support the ABH. 23 References. :. 32 Chapter 3 Natural Selection Is One Mechanism by Which the Autocatalytic Biodiversity Hypothesis Operates. 35 Extraordinary Ability of Organisms to Adapt by Natural Selection. 35 Organisms Increase Variability within Populations. 41 Organisms Drive Speciation. 44 Sexual Selection Increases Biodiversity. 48 Organisms Caused Many Macroevolutionary Transitions.49 References. 52 Chapter 4 Mutualism Is Fundamental and Greatly Increases Diversity.57 Mutualism Is Favored by Natural Selection, Very Common, and Greatly Increases Diversity.57 vii 10 10
viii Contents Types of Mutualism.60 Genetic Coevolutionary Mutualism. 60 Prokaryote-to-Prokaryote Mutualisms. 60 Eukaryote-Bacteria Mutualisms.63 The Mitochondrion. 63 Plastids and the Chloroplast.64 Nitrogen Fixation. 65 Multicellularity from Mutualistic Evolution between Protists and Bacteria. .66 Bioluminescence. 66 Eukaryote-Eukaryote Mutualisms (Sometimes Including Prokaryotes). 68 Lichens. 68 . 70 Termites and Their Mutualistic Microbiome.71 Endophytes and Plants. 74 Animal and Plant Mutualisms, Sometimes Involving Other Taxa. 75 Leafcutter Ants, Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria.75 Plants, Mycorrhizal Fungi, Rodents, and Helper Bacteria.
79 Mutualisms Exclusively between Plants and Animals. 88 Plant Pollination and Seed Dispersal by Animals. 89 Coral Reefs.100 Müllerian Mimicry. 106 Additional Examples of Mutualism in Nature. 108 Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism Are Often Hard to Distinguish, and Are Complex.116 When One Considers Indirect Mutualism, Mutualism Is Very Common. 117 Cheating in “Mutualism”. 118 Interactions in Nature Involving Mutualism Are Often Extremely Complex, with High Diversity Maintaining Their Stability. 118 Ecosystems Help Other Ecosystems That Are Sometimes Far Away from Them; This Is Often Carried Out by Life. 119 Conclusion: Eminent Importance of Mutualism. 122 References. 122 Chapter 5 Commensalism Is Ubiquitous, and Maintains and Increases Diversity. 137 Introduction. 137 Types of
Commensalism. 137 Inquilinism.137 Use of Another Organism as Habitat. 139 Batesian Mimicry .141
Contents ix Other Kinds of Mimicry. . 144 Phoresy. 145 Other Commensalisms. 146 Indirect Commensalism. 148 Keystone Species. 149 Some Ecosystem Engineers Are Keystone Species. 154 Beavers Are Good Examples of Keystone Species and Ecosystem Engineers That Increase Species Richness Tremendously. 162 Conclusion. . 164 References. 164 Chapter 6 Interspecific Competition Increases Species Richness. 169 References.176 Chapter 7 Plants Are Ecosystem Engineers That Aid Other Life and Are Linked to It. 179 References. 193 Chapter 8 Herbivores Generate Biodiversity. 195
References. 204 Chapter 9 Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts: Mutualistic Relationships That Create High Diversity. 207 References. 222 Chapter 10 Decomposers Are Indispensable to Their Ecosystems. 225 References. 229 Chapter 11 Eight New Proposed Principles of Ecology and Evolution. 231 References. 239 Index. 241 |
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| spelling | Seaborg, David Verfasser aut How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis David Seaborg First edition Boca Raton ; London ; New York CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group 2022 xiv, 249 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-429-44013-7 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034749397&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Seaborg, David How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd |
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| title | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis |
| title_auth | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis |
| title_exact_search | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis |
| title_exact_search_txtP | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis |
| title_full | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis David Seaborg |
| title_fullStr | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis David Seaborg |
| title_full_unstemmed | How life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis David Seaborg |
| title_short | How life increases biodiversity |
| title_sort | how life increases biodiversity an autocatalytic hypothesis |
| title_sub | an autocatalytic hypothesis |
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