From deficit to dialect: the evolution of English in India and Singapore
"The emergence of new English dialects in postcolonial regions has transformed the politics of English in the world and language ecologies in many regions. Why, how, and when did these dialects develop? Why do they have the accents and grammars that we hear? Are the grammars of these dialects c...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2023]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford studies in sociolinguistics
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The emergence of new English dialects in postcolonial regions has transformed the politics of English in the world and language ecologies in many regions. Why, how, and when did these dialects develop? Why do they have the accents and grammars that we hear? Are the grammars of these dialects completely different due to the influence of local languages, or similar due to natural tendencies in human cognition? In terms of social identity, do these new speakers behave like native speakers of British or American English, or like language learners? Focusing on two prominent cases; English in India and in Singapore; this book examines the social, historical, and cognitive forces that together created and continue to shape these dialects. Differences in the linguistic ecology of the two regions help us to identify the strongest mechanisms of dialect formation under long-term cultural contact. The multi-scale analysis of a range of bilinguals moves beyond a simplistic divide between 'deficit' and 'dialect' views of these speech communities, showing that change proceeds unevenly across the language system and the social group, with feedback loops between social history, language learning, language structure, and identity." |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 303 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780195307504 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Dialect Birth in Multilingual Settings 1.2 Deficit or Dialect? 3 1.3 Goals and Questions 5 1.4 Outline of the Book 6 1.5 Methods Used 8 1.6 Data for Indian English 10 1.7 Data for Singapore English 14 2 PART I: English in India 2 Histories of English in India 29 2.1 Social Histories of English in India 20 2.1.1 Phase I: Early Colonial Contact 20 2.1.2 Phase II: The British Raj 21 2.1.3 Phase III: The Independence Movement 29 2.1.4 Phase IV: Contemporary India 31 2.2 Common Features of Indian English 35 2.2.1 Retention of Historical British English Forms 35 2.2.2 Transfer from Indian Languages 38 2.2.3 Independent Innovations 44 2.3 Indian English as “decreasingly imperfect” Over Time? 46 2.4 Phase 3, Phase 4, or Phase 5? 49 3 Errors or Innovations? 52 3.1 The Problem of Nativeness 53 3.2 Models for Studying Variation in New Englishes 55 3.2.1 Second Language Acquisition 56 3.2.2 Native Dialect Variation 59 3.2.3 Language Contact and Creolization 61
3.3 Modeling New Englishes as a Usage Cline 62 3.3.1 Bilingual Continua 62 3.3.2 Implicational Scaling 62 3.4 The Usage Cline of Indian English 64 3.4.1 Grammatical Features 64 3.4.2 The Indian English Usage Cline 65 3.4.3 Learner Features 69 3.4.4 New Dialect Features 70 3.4.5 Correspondence to Social Factors 72 3.5 Implications 74 3.5.1 IndE and Other Continua 74 3.5.2 Why Are Some Features More Dialect-Like than Others? 77 4 The Article System 79 4.1 Differences between Hindi and English 80 4.2 Predicted Types of Grammatical Change 82 4.2.1 Hypothesis 1: Indo-Aryan Positional Marking of Discourse Familiarity 82 4.2.2 Hypothesis 2: Indo-Aryan Specificity Marking 83 4.2.3 Hypothesis 3: Universal Prototypes 84 4.2.4 Hypothesis 4: Discourse Status 84 4.3 Methodology 85 4.4 Results for Hypotheses 1-3 90 4.4.1 Hypothesis 1: Transfer of LI Positional Marking of Topicality 91 4.4.2 Hypothesis 2: Transfer of LI Form Contrasts 92 4.4.3 Hypothesis 3: Universal Prototypes 94 4.5 Results for Hypothesis 4 94 4.5.1 Modeling Givenness 95 4.5.2 Multivariate Analysis of Article Omission 98 4.6 Discussion: Pragmatic Reanalysis in Contact Settings 99 4.6.1 Corroboration across Studies 102 4.6.2 Implications: Contact Varieties and Discourse-Driven Restructuring 104 5 The Verbal System 106 5.1 Differences between Hindi and English 107 5.2 Predicted Types of Grammatical Change 110 5.3 Methodology 112 5.3.1 Data 112 5.3.2 Analytic Approach for Four Hypotheses 112 5.3.3 Detailed Coding Criteria 113 [vi] Contents
Past Tense (Hypothesis 1) 116 Progressive (Hypothesis 2) 118 A Unified Account of Tense-to-Aspect Shift in IndE 120 The Past Perfect (Hypothesis 3) 123 Modality (Hypothesis 4) 127 5.8.1 The Semantics and Pragmatics of Will and Would 127 5.8.2 Will and Would in IndE 128 5.8.3 Explaining Will/Would Variation in IndE 130 5.9 Discussion: An Indic Perfective-Imperfective System in English 132 6 Dialect Identity 135 6.1 Background 136 6.1.1 Acceptance of Indian English 136 6.1.2 Predictions: Contact and Accommodation 136 6.2 Quantitative Patterns in Grammar and Accent 137 6.2.1 The Proficiency Cline: Grammar and Acquisition 137 6.2.2 Beyond Proficiency: Accent as Identity? 139 6.3 Personal Responses to Dialect Contact 143 6.4 “Grammar” versus “Accent” 146 6.4.1 How Aware Are Participants of Their Syntax and Phonology? 146 6.4.2 Language Ideologies: Correct Grammar and Personal Accent 148 6.5 Discussion: Language Ideologies in Indigenizing Groups 150 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 PART II: Comparing India and Singapore 7 Rates of Change 155 7.1 English in India: A Recap 156 7.2 Social Histories of English in Singapore 158 73 Common Features of Singapore English 164 7.3.1 British-Derived Retentions 165 7.3.2 Substrate Structures 165 7.3.3 Independent Innovations 167 7.4 Mechanisms of Change: Ecology and Policy 168 8 Grammatical Universals? 171 8.1 Methodological Preliminaries 172 8.1.1 Data: Comparing Like with Like 172 8.1.2 Hypotheses: Universals of New Englishes? 173 8.1.3 Methods for Comparing Englishes: Frequencies, Constraints, and Sources 175 8.2 Article Use 176 Contents [viij
8.3 Past Tense 180 8.3.1 Substrate Grammars for IndE and SgE 181 8.3.2 Past Tense Omission in IndE and SgE 183 8.4 Progressive 185 8.5 Copula Absence 190 8.6 Modality 192 8.7 Mechanisms of Change: Substrate Typology 194 9 The Role of Input 197 9.1 Variation versus Stabilization 198 9.2 Shifting the Focus from Product to Process 199 9.3 The Subset Principle 201 9.4 The Interface Hypothesis 205 9.4.1 The Interface Hypothesis in SLA and Language Contact 205 9.4.2 Applying the Model to Long-Term Outcomes in IndE and SgE 206 9.5 Input as a Core Factor 207 9.6 Input Is Not the Only Factor 209 9.7 Mechanisms of Change: The Dynamic Learner 211 10 Style Range and Attitudinal Change 212 10.1 Style Range in India 213 10.1.1 Conservatism in IndE 214 10.1.2 Ongoing Supraregionalization and Vernacularization of IndE Styles 215 10.1.3 Limited Style Range 220 10.2 Style Range in Singapore 222 10.2.1 Continuum and Diglossia Models of SgE Lectal Range 222 10.2.2 Colloquial SgE 224 225 10.2.3 Intraspeaker and Intrasituational Code-Switching 10.3 Comparing Style Ranges across New Englishes 227 10.3.1 Style Ranges in English 227 10.3.2 Style Range across a Speaker's Languages 229 10.4 Ideologies of New Englishes 230 10.4.1 IndE: “Correctness” and Incipient Dialect Confidence 231 10.4.2 SgE: Robust Dialect Confidence and Vestigial Insecurity 236 10.5 Mechanisms of Change: Style, Ideology, and Language Change 239 [viii] Contents
11 Summary and Implications 241 11.1 Summary 242 11.2 Mechanisms of Change in Bilingual Settings 243 11.3 Feedback Loops between the Linguistic and the Social 11.4 Implications for Method 246 11.5 Implications for Theory 247 11.6 Implications for Public Understanding 250 245 Appendix: Use ofImperfective Forms in English and Chinese Languages References 263 Index 289 253 Contents [ix] |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Dialect Birth in Multilingual Settings 1.2 Deficit or Dialect? 3 1.3 Goals and Questions 5 1.4 Outline of the Book 6 1.5 Methods Used 8 1.6 Data for Indian English 10 1.7 Data for Singapore English 14 2 PART I: English in India 2 Histories of English in India 29 2.1 Social Histories of English in India 20 2.1.1 Phase I: Early Colonial Contact 20 2.1.2 Phase II: The British Raj 21 2.1.3 Phase III: The Independence Movement 29 2.1.4 Phase IV: Contemporary India 31 2.2 Common Features of Indian English 35 2.2.1 Retention of Historical British English Forms 35 2.2.2 Transfer from Indian Languages 38 2.2.3 Independent Innovations 44 2.3 Indian English as “decreasingly imperfect” Over Time? 46 2.4 Phase 3, Phase 4, or Phase 5? 49 3 Errors or Innovations? 52 3.1 The Problem of Nativeness 53 3.2 Models for Studying Variation in New Englishes 55 3.2.1 Second Language Acquisition 56 3.2.2 Native Dialect Variation 59 3.2.3 Language Contact and Creolization 61
3.3 Modeling New Englishes as a Usage Cline 62 3.3.1 Bilingual Continua 62 3.3.2 Implicational Scaling 62 3.4 The Usage Cline of Indian English 64 3.4.1 Grammatical Features 64 3.4.2 The Indian English Usage Cline 65 3.4.3 Learner Features 69 3.4.4 New Dialect Features 70 3.4.5 Correspondence to Social Factors 72 3.5 Implications 74 3.5.1 IndE and Other Continua 74 3.5.2 Why Are Some Features More Dialect-Like than Others? 77 4 The Article System 79 4.1 Differences between Hindi and English 80 4.2 Predicted Types of Grammatical Change 82 4.2.1 Hypothesis 1: Indo-Aryan Positional Marking of Discourse Familiarity 82 4.2.2 Hypothesis 2: Indo-Aryan Specificity Marking 83 4.2.3 Hypothesis 3: Universal Prototypes 84 4.2.4 Hypothesis 4: Discourse Status 84 4.3 Methodology 85 4.4 Results for Hypotheses 1-3 90 4.4.1 Hypothesis 1: Transfer of LI Positional Marking of Topicality 91 4.4.2 Hypothesis 2: Transfer of LI Form Contrasts 92 4.4.3 Hypothesis 3: Universal Prototypes 94 4.5 Results for Hypothesis 4 94 4.5.1 Modeling Givenness 95 4.5.2 Multivariate Analysis of Article Omission 98 4.6 Discussion: Pragmatic Reanalysis in Contact Settings 99 4.6.1 Corroboration across Studies 102 4.6.2 Implications: Contact Varieties and Discourse-Driven Restructuring 104 5 The Verbal System 106 5.1 Differences between Hindi and English 107 5.2 Predicted Types of Grammatical Change 110 5.3 Methodology 112 5.3.1 Data 112 5.3.2 Analytic Approach for Four Hypotheses 112 5.3.3 Detailed Coding Criteria 113 [vi] Contents
Past Tense (Hypothesis 1) 116 Progressive (Hypothesis 2) 118 A Unified Account of Tense-to-Aspect Shift in IndE 120 The Past Perfect (Hypothesis 3) 123 Modality (Hypothesis 4) 127 5.8.1 The Semantics and Pragmatics of Will and Would 127 5.8.2 Will and Would in IndE 128 5.8.3 Explaining Will/Would Variation in IndE 130 5.9 Discussion: An Indic Perfective-Imperfective System in English 132 6 Dialect Identity 135 6.1 Background 136 6.1.1 Acceptance of Indian English 136 6.1.2 Predictions: Contact and Accommodation 136 6.2 Quantitative Patterns in Grammar and Accent 137 6.2.1 The Proficiency Cline: Grammar and Acquisition 137 6.2.2 Beyond Proficiency: Accent as Identity? 139 6.3 Personal Responses to Dialect Contact 143 6.4 “Grammar” versus “Accent” 146 6.4.1 How Aware Are Participants of Their Syntax and Phonology? 146 6.4.2 Language Ideologies: Correct Grammar and Personal Accent 148 6.5 Discussion: Language Ideologies in Indigenizing Groups 150 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 PART II: Comparing India and Singapore 7 Rates of Change 155 7.1 English in India: A Recap 156 7.2 Social Histories of English in Singapore 158 73 Common Features of Singapore English 164 7.3.1 British-Derived Retentions 165 7.3.2 Substrate Structures 165 7.3.3 Independent Innovations 167 7.4 Mechanisms of Change: Ecology and Policy 168 8 Grammatical Universals? 171 8.1 Methodological Preliminaries 172 8.1.1 Data: Comparing Like with Like 172 8.1.2 Hypotheses: Universals of New Englishes? 173 8.1.3 Methods for Comparing Englishes: Frequencies, Constraints, and Sources 175 8.2 Article Use 176 Contents [viij
8.3 Past Tense 180 8.3.1 Substrate Grammars for IndE and SgE 181 8.3.2 Past Tense Omission in IndE and SgE 183 8.4 Progressive 185 8.5 Copula Absence 190 8.6 Modality 192 8.7 Mechanisms of Change: Substrate Typology 194 9 The Role of Input 197 9.1 Variation versus Stabilization 198 9.2 Shifting the Focus from Product to Process 199 9.3 The Subset Principle 201 9.4 The Interface Hypothesis 205 9.4.1 The Interface Hypothesis in SLA and Language Contact 205 9.4.2 Applying the Model to Long-Term Outcomes in IndE and SgE 206 9.5 Input as a Core Factor 207 9.6 Input Is Not the Only Factor 209 9.7 Mechanisms of Change: The Dynamic Learner 211 10 Style Range and Attitudinal Change 212 10.1 Style Range in India 213 10.1.1 Conservatism in IndE 214 10.1.2 Ongoing Supraregionalization and Vernacularization of IndE Styles 215 10.1.3 Limited Style Range 220 10.2 Style Range in Singapore 222 10.2.1 Continuum and Diglossia Models of SgE Lectal Range 222 10.2.2 Colloquial SgE 224 225 10.2.3 Intraspeaker and Intrasituational Code-Switching 10.3 Comparing Style Ranges across New Englishes 227 10.3.1 Style Ranges in English 227 10.3.2 Style Range across a Speaker's Languages 229 10.4 Ideologies of New Englishes 230 10.4.1 IndE: “Correctness” and Incipient Dialect Confidence 231 10.4.2 SgE: Robust Dialect Confidence and Vestigial Insecurity 236 10.5 Mechanisms of Change: Style, Ideology, and Language Change 239 [viii] Contents
11 Summary and Implications 241 11.1 Summary 242 11.2 Mechanisms of Change in Bilingual Settings 243 11.3 Feedback Loops between the Linguistic and the Social 11.4 Implications for Method 246 11.5 Implications for Theory 247 11.6 Implications for Public Understanding 250 245 Appendix: Use ofImperfective Forms in English and Chinese Languages References 263 Index 289 253 Contents [ix] |
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| geographic | Indien (DE-588)4026722-2 gnd Singapur (DE-588)4055089-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Indien Singapur |
| id | DE-604.BV049404506 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:04:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:40:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780195307504 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034731670 |
| oclc_num | 1387584026 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-20 |
| physical | xiv, 303 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford studies in sociolinguistics |
| spelling | Sharma, Devyani 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1130612929 aut From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore Devyani Sharma New York, NY Oxford University Press [2023] © 2023 xiv, 303 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in sociolinguistics "The emergence of new English dialects in postcolonial regions has transformed the politics of English in the world and language ecologies in many regions. Why, how, and when did these dialects develop? Why do they have the accents and grammars that we hear? Are the grammars of these dialects completely different due to the influence of local languages, or similar due to natural tendencies in human cognition? In terms of social identity, do these new speakers behave like native speakers of British or American English, or like language learners? Focusing on two prominent cases; English in India and in Singapore; this book examines the social, historical, and cognitive forces that together created and continue to shape these dialects. Differences in the linguistic ecology of the two regions help us to identify the strongest mechanisms of dialect formation under long-term cultural contact. The multi-scale analysis of a range of bilinguals moves beyond a simplistic divide between 'deficit' and 'dialect' views of these speech communities, showing that change proceeds unevenly across the language system and the social group, with feedback loops between social history, language learning, language structure, and identity." Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd rswk-swf Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Indien (DE-588)4026722-2 gnd rswk-swf Singapur (DE-588)4055089-8 gnd rswk-swf English language / Dialects / India English language / Dialects / Singapore English language / Social aspects / India English language / Social aspects / Singapore Indien (DE-588)4026722-2 g Singapur (DE-588)4055089-8 g Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 s Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 s Geschichte z DE-604 Äquivalent Offenbar nicht für europäischen Markt verfügbar Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-0-19-530749-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-769862-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-0-19-769641-5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034731670&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sharma, Devyani 1976- From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077723-6 (DE-588)4077741-8 (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4026722-2 (DE-588)4055089-8 |
| title | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore |
| title_auth | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore |
| title_exact_search | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore |
| title_exact_search_txtP | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore |
| title_full | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore Devyani Sharma |
| title_fullStr | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore Devyani Sharma |
| title_full_unstemmed | From deficit to dialect the evolution of English in India and Singapore Devyani Sharma |
| title_short | From deficit to dialect |
| title_sort | from deficit to dialect the evolution of english in india and singapore |
| title_sub | the evolution of English in India and Singapore |
| topic | Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sprachkontakt Sprachvariante Englisch Indien Singapur |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034731670&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sharmadevyani fromdeficittodialecttheevolutionofenglishinindiaandsingapore |