The Russian way of deterrence: strategic culture, coercion, and war
"From a globally-renowned expert on Russian military strategy and national security, The Russian Way of Deterrence investigates Russia's approach to coercion (both deterrence and compellence), comparing and contrasting it with the Western conceptualization of this strategy. Strategic deter...
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| Sprache: | English |
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Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
[2024]
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| Zusammenfassung: | "From a globally-renowned expert on Russian military strategy and national security, The Russian Way of Deterrence investigates Russia's approach to coercion (both deterrence and compellence), comparing and contrasting it with the Western conceptualization of this strategy. Strategic deterrence, or what Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky calls deterrence à la Russe, is one of the main tools of Russian statecraft. Adamsky deftly describes the genealogy of the Russian approach to coercion and highlights the cultural, ideational, and historical factors that have shaped it in the nuclear, conventional and informational domains. Drawing on extensive research on Russian strategic culture, Adamsky highlights several empirical and theoretical peculiarities of the Russian coercion strategy, including how this strategy relates to the war in Ukraine. Exploring the evolution of strategic deterrence, along with its sources and prospective avenues of development. Adamsky provides a comprehensive intellectual history that makes it possible to understand the deep mechanics of this Russian stratagem, the current and prospective patterns of the Kremlin's coercive conduct, and the implications for policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic"-- |
| Beschreibung: | x, 214 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781503637825 9781503630871 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Strategic culture and deterrence scholarship -- Genealogy of deterrence à la Russe -- Cultural sources of deterrence à la Russe -- Critical examination and culmination point -- War in Ukraine and avenues of future research | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "From a globally-renowned expert on Russian military strategy and national security, The Russian Way of Deterrence investigates Russia's approach to coercion (both deterrence and compellence), comparing and contrasting it with the Western conceptualization of this strategy. Strategic deterrence, or what Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky calls deterrence à la Russe, is one of the main tools of Russian statecraft. Adamsky deftly describes the genealogy of the Russian approach to coercion and highlights the cultural, ideational, and historical factors that have shaped it in the nuclear, conventional and informational domains. Drawing on extensive research on Russian strategic culture, Adamsky highlights several empirical and theoretical peculiarities of the Russian coercion strategy, including how this strategy relates to the war in Ukraine. Exploring the evolution of strategic deterrence, along with its sources and prospective avenues of development. Adamsky provides a comprehensive intellectual history that makes it possible to understand the deep mechanics of this Russian stratagem, the current and prospective patterns of the Kremlin's coercive conduct, and the implications for policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic"-- | |
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction г I Strategic Culture and Deterrence Scholarship 9 2 Genealogy of Deterrence à la Russe 20 3 Cultural Sources of Deterrence à la Russe tf 4 Critical Examination and Culmination Point 84 5 War in Ukraine and Avenues of Future Research 101 Conclusion 124 Notes 141 Bibliography 185 Index 209
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INDEX active measures, 67, 70-72,131-32, 165n46 aktivnost', 70-72,132,165n46 Andropov, Yuri, 166n52 artificial intelligence (AI), 96,112-13, 139,173-74n45 asymmetry, 69-70, 90 blackmail, 155n92 brutality, 118-20,139,182n54 Burenok, V. Μ., 97, 98,174-75n69 C,ISR capabilities, 26, 42,152-53n72 calibrated coercion, 87, 97 camouflage, 70, 132 Charap, Samuel, 87, 97,173n37 chemical weapons, 112,113-14, 139 Clausewitzian strategic theory, 87-88, 176n62 coercion: brutality and, 118-20,139; calibrated coercion, 87, 97; countercoercion, 31, 90, 94,115; cross-domain coercion, 7, 28, 64, 80, 89-90,104,106,112,125-26,130; culmination point of, 84, 87-89, 93, 96-100,106,108-9,135-37; cumulative coercion, 51-54, 55, 76, 95, 128; definition of, 1; informational coercion, 41, 42—43, 51—53, 76, 114-15,120-22,127-29,133,139; intrawar coercion, 33, 54, 61, 74, 78, 91, 97,105, 114,124,127,130,136; religion and, 115—18,139; subcategories of, 1. See also deterrence coercion operations: evaluation challenge of, 92-96; evaluation stage of, 86-87; execution stage of, 86; generic model of, 85-89; improving evaluative analytics for, 96-100; non-intended escalation, 88; planning stage of, 85-86; security dilemma phenomenon, 88-89, 90; signaling challenge of, 89-92,170n2 cognitive-psychological (CP) influence, 39-42, 45-46, 55, 65-66, 94-95,128, 151n60; countermeasures against, 42, 152n68; cumulative coercion and, 51-54; future research avenues, 153-54n84; international norms and, 49-51; on Russia, 157nll3; Russian discourse on and views of, 43-47, 94, 95; Russian information operations and, 53; Syrian
campaign and, 52 combined-arms operations, 26, 46, 78 compellence, 28, 32-33, 74, 85, 86, 96, 97, 149n42; definition of, 1,15; prinuzhdenie, 32-33; as subcategory of coercion, 1; veishe (Chinese term), 121,183n58; war in Ukraine and, 105,110,112 concealment, 70,132 concept of operations (ConOps), 91, 128 Conceptual Views on Activities ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Russian Federation in the Informational Space, 43 conventional deterrence, 20-28, 33-34, 39, 42, 77,104,114,122,127,133, 152-53n72
210 Index correlation of forces and means (COFM), 76-77, 81-83, 97,133-34,169n75; qualimetry and, 16 9n75,175-76n5 8 countercoercion, 31, 90, 94,115 counterdeterrence, 42, 49, 93, 152nn6970, 153n83 Cozad, Mark, 81, 175-76n58 Crimea, 16, 106, 116, 164n41 cross-cultural research, 121-23, 140 cross-domain coercion, 7,28, 64, 80, 89-90,104,106,112,125-26,130 cross-domain deterrence, 16, 17, 37-39, 46,70 cultural factors, 60-67,129-31; definition of, 59; disconnection between theory and practice, 62-64; emphasis on morale and psychological-cognitive: factors, 64-67,131; holistic-dialectical cognitive style, 60-62, 130 cyber deterrence, 27, 41, 44-55 cyber warfare, 40, 47, 55,120-21 delegitimization, 50 denial. See deterrence by denial deterrence: conventional deterrence, 20-28, 33-34, 39, 42, 77,104,114, 122,127,133,152-53n72; cross domain deterrence, 16, 17, 37-38; definition of, 1; dialectics of, 153-54n84; future research avenues, 110-23,153-54n84; nuclear deterrence, 23-24, 39, 44, 78,105, 133; “reestablishing deterrence,” 149n42; sderzhivanie, 30-31; silovoe sderzhivanie (forceful deterrence), 35; as subcategory of coercion, 1; tailored deterrence, 18, 36-37, 89,124-25, 127; veishe (Chinese term), 121. See also deterrence à la Russe', strategic deterrence deterrence à la Russe, 4-8, 129-34; conventional deterrence and warfare theory, 26-28; etymological and logical aspects of, 30-33; future research avenues, 138-40; genealogy of, 21-29, 125-29; imprint of cultural factors on, 60-67, 129-31; imprint of historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; imprint of ideational factors,
67-76, 131-33; limited use of force in, 3, 28, 32, 35, 53, 74,122,126,172n27; mechanisms and uniqueness of, 29-39; military modernization, 26; post-Soviet conversion to deterrence, 23-26; Soviet rejection of deterrence, 21-23; typological aspects of, 33-35; Western deterrence compared with, 29-39. See also cross-domain coercion; cross-domain deterrence; tailored deterrence deterrence by ambiguity, 108, 170n2, 177n6 deterrence by denial, 17, 33-35, 47-48, 129,149-50n46,149n42,150n49 deterrence by punishment (sderzhivanie ustrasheniem), 17, 31, 33-35, 47-48, 129,149-50n46,149n42,150n49 deterrence theory, 1-3, 9; expansion of, 27; fifth wave of, 17,121-22; first wave of, 15-16; fourth wave of, 16-17, 121; Russian conceptualization and development of, 24-26, 57; Russian versus Western uses of, 29-39; scholarship, 15-19; second wage of, 15-16; Soviet rejection of, 22—23; strategic culture theory and, 15, 18-19; third wave of, 15-16 deterring damage, 66, 81, 82, 89, 134; sderzhivaiuschii uscherb, 36 deterring potential (sderzhivaiuschii potentsial), 24, 51-53,94,128 digital sovereignty, 48,127-28,151n60 digital-technological (DT) capabilities, 39, 40-53, 55,128,151n60,15354n84,173n40
Index discursive institutionalism, 143n28 disinformation, 70, 71,132 Dobroliubov, Nikolai, 63 Doctrine ofInformational Security, 43-44 Edmonds, Jeffrey, 36, 37, 89 entanglement, 50 Fink, Anya, 36, 37, 89 Foundations ofState Nuclear Deterrence Policy, 48 Gartzke, Erik, 38 General Staff (GS), 24,27, 82, 98, 111 geography, political and physical, 141n3 Georgia, 2008 Russian operations in, 16, 26, 32, 58, 94 Gerasimov, Valery, 27, 41 Giles, Keir, 94, 151n59 Goncharov, Ivan, 63 gray zone, 17. See also hybrid threats historical legacies, 76-83,133-34; correlation of forces and means evaluation method, 81-83; definition of, 59; historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; Ogarkov and militarytechnical revolution (MTR), 78-79, 133,167n65; reasonable sufficiency legacy concept, 79-81, 82,133-34, 168n72,176n62 Hitler, Adolf, 110 holistic-dialectical cognitive style, 60-62,130 hybrid threats, 17,165-66n49 hybrid warfare (HW), 26, 46 ideational factors, 67-76,131-33; active measures, 67, 70-72,131-32,165n46; aktivnost’, 70—72, 132, 165n46; definition of, 59; military cunningness and perception, 69-70,131; persistent engagement of the adversary, 72-76; 211 reflexive control and perception management, 67-69 inducement to halt subversion, 75-76, 133,166n55 informational coercion, 41, 42-43, 51-53, 76,114-15,120-22,127-29, 133,139 informational deterrence à la Russe, 39-42; cumulative coercion and, 51-54; cyber aspects of, 41, 44-55; denial-punishment taxonomy and, 47-49; genealogy of, 39-47; international informational security and, 49-51; mechanism and uniqueness of, 47-49; phases of, 51-52;
Russian discourse on, 42-47; two phases of, 51-52; U. S. comparisons with, 54-56 informational infrastructure, 40 informational space, 40, 42-44, 50, 52 informational strike, 41, 46, 128, 163n28 informational struggle (informatsionnaia bor’ba), 39, 41, 44, 46, 51, 66,128, 154n85,154n90. See also informational warfare informational theater of military operations (TVD) (teatr voennyklb deistvii), 41, 53 informational warfare (IW), 27, 41, 45-46, 55,151n60 Information Technology Revolution in Military Affairs (IT-RMA) era, 26, 39, 66, 78 intimidation, 31-32, 53, 89, 110, 119; psychological intimidation, 154n88; ustrashenie, 31, 34-35 intrawar coercion, 33, 54, 61, 74, 78, 91, 97,105,114,124,127,130,136 Jervis, Robert, 15 KGB, 71-72, 74, 75, 99,133,137, 166n52
212 Index Kilambi, Vikram, 81,175-76nS8 Kofman, Michael, 36, 37, 78-79, 89, 167n63 Kokoshin, Andrei A., 70, 163-64n34 Kroenig, Matthew, 39 Krutskikh, Andrey, 51,156nl00, 157nll2 large-scale war, 26, 111 limited use of force, 3, 28, 32, 35, 53, 74, 122,126,172n27 Lindsay, Jon, 38 low-scale war, 26 mabam (campaign between the wars), 103,122,177n3 martyrdom, 116-17,181n45 maskirovka, 70,132,164-65n41 Mearsheimer, John, 109 mental war, 27, 95,115,139,159nl25 military cunningness, 65, 67, 69-70, 83, 131,132,177nl0 Military Doctrine, 43, 48 military-technical revolution (MTR), 76-77,167n60,172n32. See also revolution in military affairs Ministry of Defense (MoD), 24, 111 Monaghan, Andrew, 63, 90, 93, 94 Montgomery, Evan, 39 net-assessment, 81, 97,174n47 network centric warfare (NCW), 26, 42, 121,167n60 new-generation warfare (NGW), 26, 41, 66, 82,154n90 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 16,22, 36, 90, 93-95,102 nuclear deterrence, 23-24, 39, 44, 78, 105,133 nuclear weapons and warfare: containment, 31; limited nuclear war, 21-25,106-8,167n65; nonstrategic nuclear weapons (NSNW), 24, 39, 104,107; tactical nuclear weapons (TNW), 22, 79 Ogarkov, Marshall Nikolai, 76-79, 133; impact on deterrence à la Russe, 78-79, 133,167n65; impact on Russian military modernization, 77-78, 172-73n32; impact on U. S. military innovations, 77,167n60; military-technical revolution (MTR) concept and, 77-78,167n60; on nuclear warfare, 77-78,167n65 operational analysis, 98 operational combination, 166-67n57 operational game (operativnaia igra), 99, 137,176n61 operational seizure, 74, 166n51
Operation Barbarossa, 110 Orthodox Church, 115-16,139 Pechatnov, lu. A., 97, 98,174-75n69 perception management. See reflexive control Perestroika era, 76, 79,133,169n73 Potemkin villages, 162n21 precision guided munitions (PGM), 26,77 prevention, 177nl0; of adversarial subversion, 74; conflict prevention, 43, 74,157nll0,157nll2; of cyber conflict, 49; inducement to halt subversive activities, 75; Russian discourse on, 43-44; in Russian legal criminal code, 166n54; in Russian strategic thought, 110-12; war in Ukraine and, 110-12 preventive strikes (oruzhie uprezhdaiuschikh udarov), 110-12, 178nl3 propaganda, 70, 71,107,117,132; raziasneniepozitsii (propagandistic efforts), 28 psychological-cognitive-informational suppression, 163n28
Index psychological influence. See cognitivepsychological (CP) influence psychological intimidation, 154n88 punishment. See deterrence by punishment Putin, Vladimir, 177n6; beliefs and views of, 109,116,117; “special military operation” announcement speech, 103,110; war in Ukraine and, 103-4, 110,112,116,117 qualimetry, 99,137,169n75,175-76nS8 radio-electronic-informational (REI) operations, 49 radio-electronic (RE) operations, 40-41, 114, 128,155n93 radio-electronic struggle (REB), 40, 45, 46, 52-53, 73,156nl01 “rational actor” model, 13 Reach, Clint, 37,175-76n58 reasonable sufficiency (razumnaia dostatochnost), 79-81, 82,133-34, 168n72,176n62 reconnaissance-strike complexes (RSCs), 26, 77-78,104,133,167n59 red lines, 86, 89,108, 177n6 reflexive control (refleksivnoe upravlenie), 62, 66, 67-69, 82-83, 98,117, 131-32,137,176n61 regulations, international, 47, 49-51, 129,153-54n84,157nll0,157nll2 religion, 115-18,139,141n3,181n43 revolution in military affairs (RMA), 77, 113, 167n58. See also Information Technology Revolution in Military Affairs (IT-RMA) era; militarytechnical revolution Rogozin, Dmitry, 80 Schlesinger, James, 152n69 security dilemmas, 5, 88-89, 90 Simes, Dimitri, 109 213 Snyder, Jack, 13,142n9 spiritual security, 115 Stalin, Joseph, 161nl6, 162nl9 strategic community, definition of, 10 strategic culture, 4-6, 18-19, 57-60; changes over time in, 12-13; coercion and, 18; definitions of, 9-10; deterrence and, 4-6, 18-19, 37; future research avenues, 119,120,121, 123; historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; ideational factors, 67-76, 131-33; informational coercion
and, 114-15; multi-actor, 14; Russian cultural factors, 60-67,129-31; sources of, 12; strategic behavior and, 11-12 strategic culture theory: comparative cross-cultural analysis and, 14-15; conceptual predispositions, 11-12; deterrence theory and, 15,18-19; first generation of, 13; fourth generation of, 14; genealogy, 13-15; scholarship, 5-6, 10-11,13-15; second generation of, 13; third generation of, 14 strategic deterrence, 3, 7,22-23, 97, 125-26,128,148-49n34; conventional deterrence and, 28; correlation of forces and means and, 82; cross-domain deterrence and, 38; forceful strategic deterrence, 98; future research avenues, 101; informational deterrence and, 39, 42, 43-44, 46, 91; prevention and, 110, 112; reasonable sufficiency and, 80-81; religion and, 115—16; strategicheskoesderzhivanie, 28; war in Ukraine and, 104. See also deterrence à la Russe strategic gesture (isskusstvo strategicheskogo zhesta), 68, 107, 132, 163-64n34 Strategic Mission Missile Troops (RVSN), 22-23 Strategy of Active Defense, 112
214 Index Strategy of Limited Actions, 112 struggle (bar’ba), 41. See also informational struggle subjectivity, 36-37, 62, 66,130-31,134 surprise strike (vnezapnoe napadenie/ udar), 177nl0 Sushentsov, Andrei, 102-3,171n21 Syria, Russian campaign in, 52-53, 58, 78, 80, 99,117,120,137,158nll7,169n73; cumulative coercion and, 52,158nll7; Ogarkov’s vision of war and, 78 systematic engagement of the adversary, 74-75 tailored deterrence, 18, 36-37, 89, 124-25,127 theater of military operations (TVD) (teatr voennyklh deistvii), 73, 78; informational TVD, 41, 53 Tomas, Timothy, 151n59 Ukraine, war in, 7, 8, 32,124,126-29, 134,136-39; brutality and, 118-20, 139; chemical weapons and, 11314; cross-cultural research and, 121-23; emerging technologies and, 112-13; foreign intellectual stimuli and, 120-21; future research avenues, 110-23; informational coercion and, 114-15; nuclear dimension of, 104-8, 111-14, 116-17; Putin’s “special military operation” announcement speech, 103,110; religion and, 115-18; strategic concept of prevention, 110-13 Ven Bruusgaard, Kristin, 91, 93, 148-49n34 Warsaw Pact, 142n6 World War II, 101,110,142n6 Г Bayerisch® ! Staatsbibliothek München |
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction г I Strategic Culture and Deterrence Scholarship 9 2 Genealogy of Deterrence à la Russe 20 3 Cultural Sources of Deterrence à la Russe tf 4 Critical Examination and Culmination Point 84 5 War in Ukraine and Avenues of Future Research 101 Conclusion 124 Notes 141 Bibliography 185 Index 209
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INDEX active measures, 67, 70-72,131-32, 165n46 aktivnost', 70-72,132,165n46 Andropov, Yuri, 166n52 artificial intelligence (AI), 96,112-13, 139,173-74n45 asymmetry, 69-70, 90 blackmail, 155n92 brutality, 118-20,139,182n54 Burenok, V. Μ., 97, 98,174-75n69 C,ISR capabilities, 26, 42,152-53n72 calibrated coercion, 87, 97 camouflage, 70, 132 Charap, Samuel, 87, 97,173n37 chemical weapons, 112,113-14, 139 Clausewitzian strategic theory, 87-88, 176n62 coercion: brutality and, 118-20,139; calibrated coercion, 87, 97; countercoercion, 31, 90, 94,115; cross-domain coercion, 7, 28, 64, 80, 89-90,104,106,112,125-26,130; culmination point of, 84, 87-89, 93, 96-100,106,108-9,135-37; cumulative coercion, 51-54, 55, 76, 95, 128; definition of, 1; informational coercion, 41, 42—43, 51—53, 76, 114-15,120-22,127-29,133,139; intrawar coercion, 33, 54, 61, 74, 78, 91, 97,105, 114,124,127,130,136; religion and, 115—18,139; subcategories of, 1. See also deterrence coercion operations: evaluation challenge of, 92-96; evaluation stage of, 86-87; execution stage of, 86; generic model of, 85-89; improving evaluative analytics for, 96-100; non-intended escalation, 88; planning stage of, 85-86; security dilemma phenomenon, 88-89, 90; signaling challenge of, 89-92,170n2 cognitive-psychological (CP) influence, 39-42, 45-46, 55, 65-66, 94-95,128, 151n60; countermeasures against, 42, 152n68; cumulative coercion and, 51-54; future research avenues, 153-54n84; international norms and, 49-51; on Russia, 157nll3; Russian discourse on and views of, 43-47, 94, 95; Russian information operations and, 53; Syrian
campaign and, 52 combined-arms operations, 26, 46, 78 compellence, 28, 32-33, 74, 85, 86, 96, 97, 149n42; definition of, 1,15; prinuzhdenie, 32-33; as subcategory of coercion, 1; veishe (Chinese term), 121,183n58; war in Ukraine and, 105,110,112 concealment, 70,132 concept of operations (ConOps), 91, 128 Conceptual Views on Activities ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Russian Federation in the Informational Space, 43 conventional deterrence, 20-28, 33-34, 39, 42, 77,104,114,122,127,133, 152-53n72
210 Index correlation of forces and means (COFM), 76-77, 81-83, 97,133-34,169n75; qualimetry and, 16 9n75,175-76n5 8 countercoercion, 31, 90, 94,115 counterdeterrence, 42, 49, 93, 152nn6970, 153n83 Cozad, Mark, 81, 175-76n58 Crimea, 16, 106, 116, 164n41 cross-cultural research, 121-23, 140 cross-domain coercion, 7,28, 64, 80, 89-90,104,106,112,125-26,130 cross-domain deterrence, 16, 17, 37-39, 46,70 cultural factors, 60-67,129-31; definition of, 59; disconnection between theory and practice, 62-64; emphasis on morale and psychological-cognitive: factors, 64-67,131; holistic-dialectical cognitive style, 60-62, 130 cyber deterrence, 27, 41, 44-55 cyber warfare, 40, 47, 55,120-21 delegitimization, 50 denial. See deterrence by denial deterrence: conventional deterrence, 20-28, 33-34, 39, 42, 77,104,114, 122,127,133,152-53n72; cross domain deterrence, 16, 17, 37-38; definition of, 1; dialectics of, 153-54n84; future research avenues, 110-23,153-54n84; nuclear deterrence, 23-24, 39, 44, 78,105, 133; “reestablishing deterrence,” 149n42; sderzhivanie, 30-31; silovoe sderzhivanie (forceful deterrence), 35; as subcategory of coercion, 1; tailored deterrence, 18, 36-37, 89,124-25, 127; veishe (Chinese term), 121. See also deterrence à la Russe', strategic deterrence deterrence à la Russe, 4-8, 129-34; conventional deterrence and warfare theory, 26-28; etymological and logical aspects of, 30-33; future research avenues, 138-40; genealogy of, 21-29, 125-29; imprint of cultural factors on, 60-67, 129-31; imprint of historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; imprint of ideational factors,
67-76, 131-33; limited use of force in, 3, 28, 32, 35, 53, 74,122,126,172n27; mechanisms and uniqueness of, 29-39; military modernization, 26; post-Soviet conversion to deterrence, 23-26; Soviet rejection of deterrence, 21-23; typological aspects of, 33-35; Western deterrence compared with, 29-39. See also cross-domain coercion; cross-domain deterrence; tailored deterrence deterrence by ambiguity, 108, 170n2, 177n6 deterrence by denial, 17, 33-35, 47-48, 129,149-50n46,149n42,150n49 deterrence by punishment (sderzhivanie ustrasheniem), 17, 31, 33-35, 47-48, 129,149-50n46,149n42,150n49 deterrence theory, 1-3, 9; expansion of, 27; fifth wave of, 17,121-22; first wave of, 15-16; fourth wave of, 16-17, 121; Russian conceptualization and development of, 24-26, 57; Russian versus Western uses of, 29-39; scholarship, 15-19; second wage of, 15-16; Soviet rejection of, 22—23; strategic culture theory and, 15, 18-19; third wave of, 15-16 deterring damage, 66, 81, 82, 89, 134; sderzhivaiuschii uscherb, 36 deterring potential (sderzhivaiuschii potentsial), 24, 51-53,94,128 digital sovereignty, 48,127-28,151n60 digital-technological (DT) capabilities, 39, 40-53, 55,128,151n60,15354n84,173n40
Index discursive institutionalism, 143n28 disinformation, 70, 71,132 Dobroliubov, Nikolai, 63 Doctrine ofInformational Security, 43-44 Edmonds, Jeffrey, 36, 37, 89 entanglement, 50 Fink, Anya, 36, 37, 89 Foundations ofState Nuclear Deterrence Policy, 48 Gartzke, Erik, 38 General Staff (GS), 24,27, 82, 98, 111 geography, political and physical, 141n3 Georgia, 2008 Russian operations in, 16, 26, 32, 58, 94 Gerasimov, Valery, 27, 41 Giles, Keir, 94, 151n59 Goncharov, Ivan, 63 gray zone, 17. See also hybrid threats historical legacies, 76-83,133-34; correlation of forces and means evaluation method, 81-83; definition of, 59; historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; Ogarkov and militarytechnical revolution (MTR), 78-79, 133,167n65; reasonable sufficiency legacy concept, 79-81, 82,133-34, 168n72,176n62 Hitler, Adolf, 110 holistic-dialectical cognitive style, 60-62,130 hybrid threats, 17,165-66n49 hybrid warfare (HW), 26, 46 ideational factors, 67-76,131-33; active measures, 67, 70-72,131-32,165n46; aktivnost’, 70—72, 132, 165n46; definition of, 59; military cunningness and perception, 69-70,131; persistent engagement of the adversary, 72-76; 211 reflexive control and perception management, 67-69 inducement to halt subversion, 75-76, 133,166n55 informational coercion, 41, 42-43, 51-53, 76,114-15,120-22,127-29, 133,139 informational deterrence à la Russe, 39-42; cumulative coercion and, 51-54; cyber aspects of, 41, 44-55; denial-punishment taxonomy and, 47-49; genealogy of, 39-47; international informational security and, 49-51; mechanism and uniqueness of, 47-49; phases of, 51-52;
Russian discourse on, 42-47; two phases of, 51-52; U. S. comparisons with, 54-56 informational infrastructure, 40 informational space, 40, 42-44, 50, 52 informational strike, 41, 46, 128, 163n28 informational struggle (informatsionnaia bor’ba), 39, 41, 44, 46, 51, 66,128, 154n85,154n90. See also informational warfare informational theater of military operations (TVD) (teatr voennyklb deistvii), 41, 53 informational warfare (IW), 27, 41, 45-46, 55,151n60 Information Technology Revolution in Military Affairs (IT-RMA) era, 26, 39, 66, 78 intimidation, 31-32, 53, 89, 110, 119; psychological intimidation, 154n88; ustrashenie, 31, 34-35 intrawar coercion, 33, 54, 61, 74, 78, 91, 97,105,114,124,127,130,136 Jervis, Robert, 15 KGB, 71-72, 74, 75, 99,133,137, 166n52
212 Index Kilambi, Vikram, 81,175-76nS8 Kofman, Michael, 36, 37, 78-79, 89, 167n63 Kokoshin, Andrei A., 70, 163-64n34 Kroenig, Matthew, 39 Krutskikh, Andrey, 51,156nl00, 157nll2 large-scale war, 26, 111 limited use of force, 3, 28, 32, 35, 53, 74, 122,126,172n27 Lindsay, Jon, 38 low-scale war, 26 mabam (campaign between the wars), 103,122,177n3 martyrdom, 116-17,181n45 maskirovka, 70,132,164-65n41 Mearsheimer, John, 109 mental war, 27, 95,115,139,159nl25 military cunningness, 65, 67, 69-70, 83, 131,132,177nl0 Military Doctrine, 43, 48 military-technical revolution (MTR), 76-77,167n60,172n32. See also revolution in military affairs Ministry of Defense (MoD), 24, 111 Monaghan, Andrew, 63, 90, 93, 94 Montgomery, Evan, 39 net-assessment, 81, 97,174n47 network centric warfare (NCW), 26, 42, 121,167n60 new-generation warfare (NGW), 26, 41, 66, 82,154n90 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 16,22, 36, 90, 93-95,102 nuclear deterrence, 23-24, 39, 44, 78, 105,133 nuclear weapons and warfare: containment, 31; limited nuclear war, 21-25,106-8,167n65; nonstrategic nuclear weapons (NSNW), 24, 39, 104,107; tactical nuclear weapons (TNW), 22, 79 Ogarkov, Marshall Nikolai, 76-79, 133; impact on deterrence à la Russe, 78-79, 133,167n65; impact on Russian military modernization, 77-78, 172-73n32; impact on U. S. military innovations, 77,167n60; military-technical revolution (MTR) concept and, 77-78,167n60; on nuclear warfare, 77-78,167n65 operational analysis, 98 operational combination, 166-67n57 operational game (operativnaia igra), 99, 137,176n61 operational seizure, 74, 166n51
Operation Barbarossa, 110 Orthodox Church, 115-16,139 Pechatnov, lu. A., 97, 98,174-75n69 perception management. See reflexive control Perestroika era, 76, 79,133,169n73 Potemkin villages, 162n21 precision guided munitions (PGM), 26,77 prevention, 177nl0; of adversarial subversion, 74; conflict prevention, 43, 74,157nll0,157nll2; of cyber conflict, 49; inducement to halt subversive activities, 75; Russian discourse on, 43-44; in Russian legal criminal code, 166n54; in Russian strategic thought, 110-12; war in Ukraine and, 110-12 preventive strikes (oruzhie uprezhdaiuschikh udarov), 110-12, 178nl3 propaganda, 70, 71,107,117,132; raziasneniepozitsii (propagandistic efforts), 28 psychological-cognitive-informational suppression, 163n28
Index psychological influence. See cognitivepsychological (CP) influence psychological intimidation, 154n88 punishment. See deterrence by punishment Putin, Vladimir, 177n6; beliefs and views of, 109,116,117; “special military operation” announcement speech, 103,110; war in Ukraine and, 103-4, 110,112,116,117 qualimetry, 99,137,169n75,175-76nS8 radio-electronic-informational (REI) operations, 49 radio-electronic (RE) operations, 40-41, 114, 128,155n93 radio-electronic struggle (REB), 40, 45, 46, 52-53, 73,156nl01 “rational actor” model, 13 Reach, Clint, 37,175-76n58 reasonable sufficiency (razumnaia dostatochnost), 79-81, 82,133-34, 168n72,176n62 reconnaissance-strike complexes (RSCs), 26, 77-78,104,133,167n59 red lines, 86, 89,108, 177n6 reflexive control (refleksivnoe upravlenie), 62, 66, 67-69, 82-83, 98,117, 131-32,137,176n61 regulations, international, 47, 49-51, 129,153-54n84,157nll0,157nll2 religion, 115-18,139,141n3,181n43 revolution in military affairs (RMA), 77, 113, 167n58. See also Information Technology Revolution in Military Affairs (IT-RMA) era; militarytechnical revolution Rogozin, Dmitry, 80 Schlesinger, James, 152n69 security dilemmas, 5, 88-89, 90 Simes, Dimitri, 109 213 Snyder, Jack, 13,142n9 spiritual security, 115 Stalin, Joseph, 161nl6, 162nl9 strategic community, definition of, 10 strategic culture, 4-6, 18-19, 57-60; changes over time in, 12-13; coercion and, 18; definitions of, 9-10; deterrence and, 4-6, 18-19, 37; future research avenues, 119,120,121, 123; historical legacies, 76-83, 133-34; ideational factors, 67-76, 131-33; informational coercion
and, 114-15; multi-actor, 14; Russian cultural factors, 60-67,129-31; sources of, 12; strategic behavior and, 11-12 strategic culture theory: comparative cross-cultural analysis and, 14-15; conceptual predispositions, 11-12; deterrence theory and, 15,18-19; first generation of, 13; fourth generation of, 14; genealogy, 13-15; scholarship, 5-6, 10-11,13-15; second generation of, 13; third generation of, 14 strategic deterrence, 3, 7,22-23, 97, 125-26,128,148-49n34; conventional deterrence and, 28; correlation of forces and means and, 82; cross-domain deterrence and, 38; forceful strategic deterrence, 98; future research avenues, 101; informational deterrence and, 39, 42, 43-44, 46, 91; prevention and, 110, 112; reasonable sufficiency and, 80-81; religion and, 115—16; strategicheskoesderzhivanie, 28; war in Ukraine and, 104. See also deterrence à la Russe strategic gesture (isskusstvo strategicheskogo zhesta), 68, 107, 132, 163-64n34 Strategic Mission Missile Troops (RVSN), 22-23 Strategy of Active Defense, 112
214 Index Strategy of Limited Actions, 112 struggle (bar’ba), 41. See also informational struggle subjectivity, 36-37, 62, 66,130-31,134 surprise strike (vnezapnoe napadenie/ udar), 177nl0 Sushentsov, Andrei, 102-3,171n21 Syria, Russian campaign in, 52-53, 58, 78, 80, 99,117,120,137,158nll7,169n73; cumulative coercion and, 52,158nll7; Ogarkov’s vision of war and, 78 systematic engagement of the adversary, 74-75 tailored deterrence, 18, 36-37, 89, 124-25,127 theater of military operations (TVD) (teatr voennyklh deistvii), 73, 78; informational TVD, 41, 53 Tomas, Timothy, 151n59 Ukraine, war in, 7, 8, 32,124,126-29, 134,136-39; brutality and, 118-20, 139; chemical weapons and, 11314; cross-cultural research and, 121-23; emerging technologies and, 112-13; foreign intellectual stimuli and, 120-21; future research avenues, 110-23; informational coercion and, 114-15; nuclear dimension of, 104-8, 111-14, 116-17; Putin’s “special military operation” announcement speech, 103,110; religion and, 115-18; strategic concept of prevention, 110-13 Ven Bruusgaard, Kristin, 91, 93, 148-49n34 Warsaw Pact, 142n6 World War II, 101,110,142n6 Г Bayerisch® ! Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Adamsḳi, Dimiṭri 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1035788829 |
| author_facet | Adamsḳi, Dimiṭri 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Adamsḳi, Dimiṭri 1978- |
| author_variant | d a da |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049392771 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85940 |
| contents | Strategic culture and deterrence scholarship -- Genealogy of deterrence à la Russe -- Cultural sources of deterrence à la Russe -- Critical examination and culmination point -- War in Ukraine and avenues of future research |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1409444790 (DE-599)BVBBV049392771 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049392771 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:01:41Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-27T11:04:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781503637825 9781503630871 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034720161 |
| oclc_num | 1409444790 |
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| physical | x, 214 Seiten |
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| publishDate | 2024 |
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| publisher | Stanford University Press |
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| spelling | Adamsḳi, Dimiṭri 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1035788829 aut The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky Stanford, California Stanford University Press [2024] © 2024 x, 214 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Strategic culture and deterrence scholarship -- Genealogy of deterrence à la Russe -- Cultural sources of deterrence à la Russe -- Critical examination and culmination point -- War in Ukraine and avenues of future research "From a globally-renowned expert on Russian military strategy and national security, The Russian Way of Deterrence investigates Russia's approach to coercion (both deterrence and compellence), comparing and contrasting it with the Western conceptualization of this strategy. Strategic deterrence, or what Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky calls deterrence à la Russe, is one of the main tools of Russian statecraft. Adamsky deftly describes the genealogy of the Russian approach to coercion and highlights the cultural, ideational, and historical factors that have shaped it in the nuclear, conventional and informational domains. Drawing on extensive research on Russian strategic culture, Adamsky highlights several empirical and theoretical peculiarities of the Russian coercion strategy, including how this strategy relates to the war in Ukraine. Exploring the evolution of strategic deterrence, along with its sources and prospective avenues of development. Adamsky provides a comprehensive intellectual history that makes it possible to understand the deep mechanics of this Russian stratagem, the current and prospective patterns of the Kremlin's coercive conduct, and the implications for policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic"-- Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Abschreckung (DE-588)4000230-5 gnd rswk-swf Zwang (DE-588)4191183-0 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Deterrence (Strategy) Strategic culture / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Military policy Military policy Strategic culture Russia (Federation) Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Abschreckung (DE-588)4000230-5 s Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Zwang (DE-588)4191183-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 9781503637832 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Adamsḳi, Dimiṭri 1978- The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war Strategic culture and deterrence scholarship -- Genealogy of deterrence à la Russe -- Cultural sources of deterrence à la Russe -- Critical examination and culmination point -- War in Ukraine and avenues of future research Abschreckung (DE-588)4000230-5 gnd Zwang (DE-588)4191183-0 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000230-5 (DE-588)4191183-0 (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war |
| title_auth | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war |
| title_exact_search | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war |
| title_full | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky |
| title_fullStr | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Russian way of deterrence strategic culture, coercion, and war Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky |
| title_short | The Russian way of deterrence |
| title_sort | the russian way of deterrence strategic culture coercion and war |
| title_sub | strategic culture, coercion, and war |
| topic | Abschreckung (DE-588)4000230-5 gnd Zwang (DE-588)4191183-0 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Abschreckung Zwang Internationale Politik Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034720161&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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