Verfügbarkeit: Translocal care across Kosovo's borders

Translocal care across Kosovo's borders: reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines

"In today's globalized world, where the foundations of home and social security are destabilized due to wars and neoliberal transformations, the villagers of Kosovo are linked with a common locality despite living across borders. By tracing long-distant family relations with a special focu...

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1. Verfasser:	Leutloff-Grandits, Carolin 1971- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	New York ; Oxford Berghahn Books 2023
Schriftenreihe:	Anthropology of Europe volume 8
Schlagworte:	Familie Migration Westeuropa Opojë Marriage / Kosovo (Republic) Kinship / Kosovo (Republic) Families / Kosovo (Republic) Transnationalism / Social aspects / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovans / Foreign countries
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register
Zusammenfassung:	"In today's globalized world, where the foundations of home and social security are destabilized due to wars and neoliberal transformations, the villagers of Kosovo are linked with a common locality despite living across borders. By tracing long-distant family relations with a special focus on cross-border marriages, this study looks at the reconfiguration of care relations, gender and generational roles among kin-members of Kosovo, who now live in different European states"--
Beschreibung:	x, 262 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm
ISBN:	9781805390596

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS List ofFigures vi Acknowledgements viii List ofAbbreviations xi Introduction. Kinship and Care across Kosovo’s Borders 1 Chapter 1. Translocal Foundations of a Kosovo Village Chapter 2. Migrant Trajectories: Shifting Relations of Translocal Families 31 60 Chapter 3. Family Roles in Care across Translocal Households 85 Chapter 4. Home and Investment: Shifts in Perceptions and Their Material Manifestation 108 Chapter 5. Seeking a Future and Fortune: Partner Selection in a Translocal Space 134 Chapter 6. Weddings as Affirmation of the Translocal Family and Kinship 158 Chapter 7. Realities of Cross-Border Marriages: Rearranging Family and Gender Relations 185 Conclusion. Translocal Family Care 208 Glossary 223 References 226 Index 251 REFERENCES Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1990. ‘Can there be a Feminist Ethnography?’, Women Performance: Ajournai ofFeminist Theory 5(1): Т-П. --------- . 2002. ‘Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? 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See also ethnography reflexive, 27 translocal, 4,11 architecture, 39,109-10,115-16 aspirations, 66, 83,124-25,135-37,140, 143-45,151, 155,161,219 economic, 144 emancipatory, 136 failed, 124 family, 136, 155 individual, 83,161 personal, 145 assemblage, 18,33 asylum, 52, 60, 62,65, 68-70, 73-5,79, 82 applications, 62, 68,73, 209 migration, 68,82,209 asymmetries, 20,29,124-26 Austria, 2,4,7, 26, 31-2, 52,62, 65, 68-9,77, 79,108,148,187-90,193 authority, 89,119,145,174, 201,214 autonomy of migration, 62. See also under migration average, 6, 32, 34,36, 38, 40,44-45, 88-89, 101, 148,152,189,199 Aybek, Can M., 148, 188, 190-91 Backer, Berit, 11,14-15 backwardness, 3,12, 51, 57-8,108,116,135,221 balance, 19,21, 87, 91,100,150,161,213,220 Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth, 135-36, 143, 148-50,153,187,221 bedroom, 55, 85, 111, 115,162,173 Belgrade, 31,37, 53,66,71,81,20 betrothal ceremony, 137. See also engagement bi-locality, 21, 93 biographies, 4-5, 217 birth rate, 37,64,10I-2 Block, Laura, 6, 11, 135, 188-89 blood, 12,15,90. See also under ties blood feud, 74 blue-collar sector, 42,44. See also underjob bond, 15,109,118, 160-61,165,192, 220 family, 71,147, 156,209 kinship, 118,165,217 marriage, 15 border crossing, 72-73,75,79, 80, 82 border regime, 4,18,20,60,83,135,194,220. See also EU: border regime; European border regime borders, 2,4,16,19,21-24,40,57,61, 87-8,109, 123, 136,155,159,161,182,186, 210-11,213,216, 218-20, 222 252 INDEX Bosnia-Herzegovina, 8-9,40,64-65,68-69, 77,111 boundaries, 3,21,46, 58,108-9,123,127,170, 200 boundary drawing, 127,129,131, 200 Bourdieu, Pierre, 34,109,168,174 Bozkurt, Esin, 108 breadwinner, 71,92,94,144,196-97,199, 205-6,214, 219 bride, 24, 48, 76,137-38,142-3,158, 160-66, 168-69,171-74,178-80,183,194, 198, 216 brother, 2,8,13,41-42,52,63,67,70-71, 76, 85, 89-90, 94-99,101,103-6,110-14, 117-22, 124-5, 132,151,162,176,194,198, 202,205, 212-5 married, 89,145,202 roles of, 95 brother-in-law, 194, 202 burden, 10, 25, 95,180,189,191,202 business, 35, 38,40,68,91,93,95,143,213,222 Çaglar, Ay§e, 21,32,62 Capo Zmegac, Jasna, 21,90,94,118,121 care, 1-3,5-6,10,15-25,85-107,110,114, 132-33,136-37,145,211-222 arrangements, 2,6,86-87,96-99,221 brotherly, 132 concept of, 16, 211, 214 dimensions of, 17,86,98,103,211 elderly, 86,101-3 emotional, 105-6,201 family-based, 5,9,11,19-20,23,87,98, 104,137,210,222. See also family: care financial, 92,100,106 forms of, 26, 18, 24, 96-98,106, 211, 213 gap, 17, 87,103,105-6,222. See also gaps in (family) care hands-on, 211,213-14 instrumental, 102,106 intergenerational, 104 intragenerational, 95 kin, 18-19,103. See also kinship: care material, 103 medical, 80,104 mix of, 104-5 moralities, 104 obligations, 83,114 parental, 117 physical, 102-3 practical, 105 practices of, 15,17 practices, 6,95,102,104-6, 211 relation(ship)s, 23-5,97-98,182,186, 213-14, 216, 220 responsibilities, 88,92,95,120 state, 103 translocal, 20-21,25,213,216 caregiver, 87,88,90-91,95,99,103-5. See also caretaker caregiving, 17-18,88,145,211,214,221 care-receiver, 87 caretaker, 88,95,106,120,136, 146,208. See also caregiver caretaking roles, 85,200 Carling, Jorgen, 20, 34,125 categories, 12,16,20, 33,39,137,139,212 categorization, 138,149,220 category of migrants, 23,25,50,144 celebrations, 22,122,158-62,174,176,178-80, 182-83. See also under wedding(s) centre, 2,32,37,39, 57-58, 92,178,182,212,221 European, 3,11 urban, 42, 45,142 village, 116,120,208 ceremonies, 22,47,52,122,159-61,173, 184n2, 216 ceremony, 137-9,168,171-72 bridal-fetching, 161 change(s), 2,4-5,7,10,22,49, 57, 86-97,106, 118, 127,137,149,156, 179-80, 192, 216-19 social, 5,14-15,26, 82,86,160 in the household, 96 within the family, 86 Charsley, Katherine, 131,135-6,139,149, 153-54,195,197,200 childcare, 19,48,194-95,197,199-202,206 facilities, 48 childhood, 66, 97,114,119,122,149 children, 1,7-8,16-17, 22, 32,34, 36,41-42, 44-45,47-48, 50, 52-56, 60-61, 63,66,68, 74-76,78, 86, 89, 90-96, 98,100-5,110-11, 117-21,126-33,141,143,145-47,149, 152-54,169,171,176, 197-99, 201-3,206, 208-14,216-19 brothers’, 76 migrant, 110,117,127-30,133, 216 sisters’, 98 choice, 24, 43, 132,136,139-42,144-45,154, 156, 194,206-7,218,220 spousal, 24,136,183, 218 Christians, 50 circumcision, 122,184n2, 225 citizen(s), 1,3,7,9,28, 29n5,40, 65,81,135, 155, 186,189-90,211, 220, 222 INDEX naturalized, 189 citizenship, 20,23, 63-64,81, 202 lack of, 80 class, 20, 29, 34, 63, 81,136,144,147,152, 155-56, 174,187,189-90, 193,199-200, 206, 216 class expectations, 144 clientelism, 40, 44, 57, 144 clothes, 47, 54, 55,121,124,150, 163,202, 225 clothing, 161,169 code of conduct, 57,127,170 moral, 49 of social conduct, 126 Coe, Cati, 95-96 coercion, 144 commercialization 217 communication, 4,21, 39, 52, 55, 61, 66, 84n2, 135 technologies, 51,146 communities, 95,100, 109-10,127,146, 198, 200 home, 20,22 migrant, 64,134,150-1, 153,187, 221 rural, 122 translocal, 88,221 community, 24, 33, 58n4,62, 80, 100, 109-10, 114,123,131,160, 163-65,168,174-75,177, 179,183,215-16, 225 life, 13, 58 local, 48,109-10,115, 120-1,131,161, 172,175,182,210-11 members, 50,159-60,163 migrant, 151,197 relations, 32,133,161 support, 179-80 translocal, 3,39, 88,114,160,163,170, 176,210,214,221 village, 24,46,48,100,116-17,122, 126, 132,164,171, 175,183, 203 community-building, 182 compensation, 101,110,150 competition, 9-10,159,167,175,183-84 conflict, 53, 58n4, 64, 65, 68,73, 81,102,110, 120,145,151,153-54,159,161,174,176, 203,207,215 ethnic, 32, 42, 53 ethnopolitical, 60, 64, 69,75, 82 intergenerational, 83,217 marital, 148,154,206 conflicts within the family / within families, 74, 83, 87, 95-96 253 connection(s), 10, 21, 26, 40, 90, 97-98,115, 127,132,155, 178-79, 194, 213, 215-17,222 disrupted, 27 translocal, 39,57 virtual, 52 Constable, Nicole, 136,141,143 constraints, 25,45,49,99,187 consumer culture, 23,32,121 consumerism, 125,169 consumption, 7,32-33, 55, 133, 159-61, 178 conspicuous, 121,160,216 control, 46,151,188 social, 17, 57, 148 cooperation, 91,109,184 between brothers, 2,112,132 family, 7, 61, 83,194 interethnic, 58n3 among sisters, 195 co-owner, 90,117-18 corruption, 8, 40, 144 costs, 40-41, 44, 96, 150, 162,169 for bridal gifts, 174 living, 76,189 costume, traditional, 47, 162, 169,182 country of immigration, 63,83,148,193,203. See also immigration: country/countries receiving, 6,22,60,63,69,72,78-79,133, 189,197,199 couple, 71,92-93, 101-2,104-5,118,137-37, 154,177,180-81,183,186,190,193, 197, 199, 203,206,208,216-17 cross-border, 5,198 relationships, 24,138,159,181 courtyard, 116, 162-63, 166,167,171-72 culture, Albanian, 151,156,158 cultural intimacy, 27 customs, 28, 49,154,159,162,172-73,175-76, 182, 216 Dahinden, Janine, 5,10,21,65,73-74,123,127, 144,150,186, 215 Dalakoglou, Dimitris, 108, 111, 115,120 Dalipaj, Gerda, 179 dance, 163,165,167-8, 173,180-81, 225 data, statistical, 6-7 daughter, 36,45, 55-56,75-76, 83, 90, 92-94, 101-6,118,129,146-47,154, 162,170,201, 203,214,217 daughter(s)-in-law, 36,76,92-94,102-3,106, 119,146,153,170, 175,203,214 debt, 165,174,217 254 INDEX dependence, 7,14,23,36,218. See also dependencies; dependency dependencies, 62,19,201,206 emotional, 193 gender-specific, 191 multiple, 192 dependency, 57,80,82, 94,104,192-3,205,222 deportation, 68,77,80 desire, 24, 32, 110,113,133,136,138, 141,186, 222 for migration, 23,36,210 desires, material, 101,141 development, 31, 33, 37,42, 55, 87,162, 174, 179,186,210 economic, 8,20,63 neoliberal, 156 under-, 78,127 dimension class, 189 emotional, 86,194 gender(ed), 56,189,192,214 intergenerational, 98,132-33,203,217 normative, 17,86 translocal, 123 disappointment, 102,125,136 discourses, 4,10,19,25,127,135,150,161, 187-88,195, 200,206,212 dominant, 6,133,156 Western, 25,135,138, 143,149,151, 187-88,191, 220 disempowerment, 186, 198,219. See also empowerment distance, 2, 24, 40, 52, 58, 87, 90, 92, 98,105, 123-24,136,143,156,186,194-95,218,222 diversification, 23,217 of family roles and models, 5 of migrants’ caring relations, 104 diversity, 10, 23, 82, 88,147 division of (joint) household(s), 35-36,111 -12, 175. See also under household(s); property division of land, 36 divorce, 92,148,154-55,203-7,219 dreams, 6, 55,75,114,176,204, 219 Drotbohm, Heike, 15-16,19,20,61,87,95, 153 drum, 50, 163, 224 Duijzings, Ger, 33,36, 39, 59n5 Duldung, 68-72,74,77-78, 84n4,122 Durkheim, Emile, 17-18 duty, 73,98 dynamics, 6,11,23,27,34,57,61,67,193,195, 210,214,222 family. See family; dynamics economies, 20,57,64,109 education, 14,16,25,27,32,34,38,41-51,5758,78,90,93-94,98-99,103,136,140-41, 143,144,151,153,165, 183, 187,191,193, 197-205,208, 212-14, 217,219 higher, 41,44-45, 58,70,78,96-97,105-6, 123,140,155,199, 201,206,213,218 religious, 50 elderly, 10,16-17,24,36,47,86,91,101-4, 106, 113,211,214 care. See care: elderly emancipation, 14, 24, 43,46, 58n4,206,212 emigration, 9, 32, 37, 64, 70, 98,155 emotions, 16,160 employment, 4, 6-7, 25, 32, 37-41, 44-48, 57-58, 58n3-4,70,77-79, 87, 129,140-41, 145,151,156,197,199-202,206,219. See also unemployment contract, 7,78,209 female, 45-48 permit, 77 seasonal, 39. See also work, seasonal empowerment, 73,186. See also disempowerment engagement, 52,137-39,143-44,150,166, 191-92,225. See also betrothal ceremony entanglements, 3,11-12,25,79 entrepreneurship, 38,40 equality, 120,125,132, 135,206,215. See also inequality among brothers, 112,120,214 gender, 24,42,56,135 ethnography, 25,27,211 EU border regime, 7,25,72. See also border regime; European border regime Family Reunification Directive, 193 migration regime, 1,210. See also European border regime; migration: regime European border regime, 76,211. See also border regime; EU: border regime; EU: migration regime everyday life, 25,36,50,109,123-24,132,187, 193, 195,216 exchange, 25,83,92,165,222 exclusion, 10,20, 42, 80 exogamy, village, 46,137,171,195 expectations, 8, 17,22,74,95,100,102-3,105, 124-26,135-36, 143,156,186-87,195,197, 200,202,206,219-21 class, 144 family’s, 156,176 INDEX gender, 212 generational, 76 parental, 147,150,183 expenses, 74,82,95,99,121-22,125,201,205. See also under household experience, 2,4,15,22,33,34,38,60,66,68, 72,86,115,119,122,125, 128-29,138,147, 149,152, 177,182,186,198,210,221 families, border-crossing, 20,221 fragmented, 156 natal, 45,126 nuclear, 111, 119-20,132,215. See also under household translocal, 60, 85, 88, 92, 96-97, 211, 214 transnational, 19-20 familja e bashkuar, 13,26,89,225 family background, 138,147, 154 bride’s, 137,162,166,171-72,180,216 care, 2,4,9,16-19,27, 50,80,85-86,98, 103,105, 110,113,132,145,155, 186, 211,214,218,220-22 care, translocal, 19,80,155 circle, 27, 38,45,103,139, 216 cohesion, 68,169 collective, 4,109 conceptions, 10 considerations, 68,83,87,100,140,145, 153,157,186,217 constellations, 99-100,221 counselling, 138-39,142,152,154,156 culture, 11, 214,221 dynamics, 3,105,128,197 enterprise, 67,176 extended, 31,60,72,110,167 framework, 60,74,156 groom’s, 137,162-63,165-68,170-74, 176, 180-82, 216 home, 47,126,132,172 house, 96,104,116,129 husband’s, 126,132,198,204,206 involvement, 138,140,142 joint, 13-14, 89, 96,132, 225 language, 104,218. See also language: Albanian life, 15, 24, 50,65, 69,74,123,126, 129, 133, 156,167,188,215,218 model, 12-13,142,199,221 network, 4-6,15,20-21, 25, 31, 61-62, 86-87,95,106,132, 135,143,149, 157, 203,210-211,213 255 network, translocal, 5,22-25,27, 29, 60, 62, 81,104,133, 182,213,215, 220 obligations, 70, 123, 202 organization, 2,12, 214 patrilineal, 2,27,173 pressure, 135. See also pressure relations, 1-5,10,14, 20-21,24, 29, 49-50,58, 61-62, 64,71,94,96,105, 109,116,117,125,151,186,195,205, 211,218 relations, cross-border, 19,212,220 relations, patriarchal, 4-6,13,211 relations, translocal, 6,11,20,26,210, 212,221-22 responsibilities, 41,152 reunification, 2, 6, 20,23,62, 65, 68-69, 71,74,76,79, 81-83,92-94, 96, 99, 189,190, 193, 202,204, 209-10 Reunification Directive, 188,193 reunification programme, 60 structure, 3,10,11, 13,14,20,195,206, 214 support, 62, 100,157,191,192,205, 213 unity, 3, 68,110, 111, 113,119,132,149, 169,212 values, 14,45, 49,76, 90,104, 140, 147, 175,188 family-based migration, 11,23,134,220 father, 7,11,41,65-71,76,79, 83,89-90, 92-97, 99-100, 102, 117-18,128,130,145, 150,151,176,202,212,218 feminization of migration, 22 fertility rate, 45,63,89,101 fiancé(e), 143,150,185,190-91 fieldwork, 4,8,14, 26-29,49, 91-2 fraternity, 118 fratrilocality, 13 freedom, 24,51,56, 65,73,106,129,136,138, 141, 202, 206, 220 fulfilment individual, 148, 186 personal, 155 future, 24, 34, 43,79-80, 95, 98,109-12,115, 117, 131,142,152,175,182-83,185, 203, 207, 215 alternative, 33,207,210 better, 8,66,69,141,144-47,156,205 good, 43,98 individual, 9-10 of the children, 103,127 plans, 22,109 vision, 57,117 256 INDEX gap in (family) care, 4,23-24,211,214. See also under care gap, knowledge, 193 gaze, 46,116,150 gender norms, 25, 58, 93,102, 106, 116,118,123, 130,133,139, 141,148,195, 198,205, 211,218 relations, 14,24, 26, 33,45-46, 56-57, 90,98,101,106,109,117-18,130,137, 141,149,160-61,182,184,193-94, 198,200,206,208,214,220 roles, 5, 25, 41,45-46,48-50, 55, 87, 136, 140,156, 160, 161, 186,197-198, 201, 203, 207, 214, 218, 221 generation, 5, 10,13,22,60,86-87,92,100, 110,115, 117-18,125,130-31, 133, 138, 206, 208,211-12,215,221 next, 109-10,117,215 older, 55, 155, 180, 183 parent(s’)/parental, 44,57,148 young(er), 43-44, 76,119,181, 183 zero, 104 generational norms, 62,83 generational relations. See relations: generational Germany, 2,4,7-9,26-27,32,62,65,68-69, 72,76-79,134,188-90, 193,199-201, 203, 206,209,221 Giddens, Anthony, 55,135 gift, 56,95, 98,100-1,103-4,121, 124,126, 161-63, 165-6,168,175-77,179,214, 216 gift of love, 103-4 gifts, bridal, 162,165, 168,175-77 girls, 41-43,45-46,50,54-55, 57,68,75, 129-30, 133,137, 139,148-149, 152, 166, 170-71,173, 225 Glick Schiller, Nina, 4-5,21, 61, 62, 64,124, 160, 200 globalization, 5, 22-23, 33, 57,114,121, 134-35,182, 221 goals, 3,18,43-44, 65, 86, 99,120,124,140-41, 153,156,175-76, 206, 219 gossip, 46, 139, 198, 204 government, 8,38,40, 64,174,187 grandchildren, 26,104 grandparent, 75,87,104 groom, 24,46,76, 141-42,144,160-63, 165-74,177,180-83,194 groom’s family. See under family grooms’ house. See under house guest, 24, 28-29,46, 111, 116, 120, 122,137, 160-74,176-80,216 guestworker, 42,65,79,223 Hareven, Tamara K., 86-87,91,100 Hart, Kimberley, 139,142,183 headdress, 47,163-64,169 headscarf, 50-51,171,200, 223 health care, 9, 17, 64,125, 222 health care system, 37, 141 health insurance, 78,82,205 hierarchies, 28,55,193,210 hierarchy, 9,29,32,183 home, 2,10,16, 22,24, 26-27, 31, 36,45,48-49, 51, 54, 58,65-66, 69-71, 73-74,78-82, 8788, 90,92,95-105,108-11,114-127,129-33, 141, 143,146-49,154-55,157nl, 158, 160, 162-63,165-66,168,171-72,175-77, 177-80,196-98,201-4, 206, 212-222 country, 68,79, 83,149, 187, 191. See also homeland family. See family: home locality, 15, 21,114-15 region, 4,10,20, 37,40,73,76-77,80,83, 99-100, 108, 111, 114-15,117,119, 124,127,129,134, 147-48,150-51, 153,161,189, 195,198,201,212,215, 217-18 village, 3, 21-22, 98, 111, 114-15,120, 122-23,125-27,150,158,215 homeland, 15,121,125. See also home: country honour, 164,167,177,180, 207 hope, 8,145,152,155-56, 199,203,205,209, 218 hospitality viii, 26-27,29,116,180 house, 13,27, 36, 54, 58nl, 90-91, 94, 96-97, 99,102,104,108-23, 130-32,138, 174,180, 183,209,212,215-16,225 bride’s, 171,179 brother’s/brothers’, 94,112,118,121 building, 22,24, 35, 57,109-10,112-15, 117-18,123-24,133, 215-16 family. See family: house groom’s, 158,161,163,166,171-73,179, 182 husband’s, 141,179 large, 13,89,110,114 modern, 114,120-121, 212 new, 115-17,145 owner, 78,109,114 parental, 100,113,117-18,179 INDEX village, 110,118,215 household(s), 5,11,12,14, 32, 34, 40-41, 47, 51, 57, 63, 67, 86-92, 95-96, 99,105,109-11, 114,116, 118-20,132-33,142,146,155, 187, 193-5,197,199-203,207,212-15, 219 bi-local, 93-94 chores, 36,46-47,102-3. See also housework complex, 14, 89,118-19, 128, 202. See also household: joint cycle, 86, 213 division of, 36. See also household: division division, 89,112,118-19. See also household: division of a equipment, 114,124 expenses, 34, 48, 213 extended, 26,91 head, 90-91,145, 225 income, 95,141,143,199 joint, 13, 34, 36, 67,76, 86, 89-91, 94-97, 105,111-12, 202. See also household: complex nuclear, 14, 36, 91,123,132,143, 145,193, 206,215 parental, 7, 90,145,220 patrilocal, 14, 206n2,212 responsibilities, 197 rural, 40,45 size, 88-89 survey, 105 translocal, 11, 23, 85-86, 89, 92,105 village, 31, 32,34, 54,76, 88-89, 91, 94, 96 housewife, 141,199 housework, 197,199, 201-2,206. See also household: chores Howell, Signe, 15 Humphrey, Caroline, 116 husband’s brother, 118 identities, 18, 29,64,109,131,142 identity, 36, 50,55,73,80,123,127,182,200, 216 imagination, 16,20-21,33,113-14, 135-36, 139,147, 218 imam, 50,173,224 immigration, 6,10,68,73,80,128,149,155, 188,200 country/countries, 6-7, 20,144,148, 150,188,200,217. See also country: of immigration 257 policies, 20-21, 60-61 immobility, 75 inclusion, differential, 20. See also integration income, 34, 38,40, 44, 48,70,81-82, 88, 89,95, 123-24,141, 143,178, 189,199,201,205,216 requirements, 189 individualism, 9, 117, 167-169 individuality, 3, 109,133,170, 220 individualization, 13,24, 111, 136,179,212 industrialization, 14, 63, 91 inequalities, 21, 61, 83,156 inequality, 20. See also equality information, 20, 28, 52,73, 80,125, 142,190, 211 infrastructure, 40, 53,108 inheritance, 16,103,107n4,113,117, 214 in-laws, 45,48,141, 143,146,162,172,174, 179,192-94, 197, 200-3, 206, 219 insecurities, 68,183,192 integration, 13, 22,30nll, 68-69,74,79, 187-91,200,202,206. See also inclusion, differential interior, 38, 96, 114,116, 215 international human rights convention, 188 internet, 45-46, 51-52, 54-55 intersectionalities, 33 intersections, 27 investment, 3-4, 24, 38-40, 99, 108-9, 117-19, 121-25,127, 131-33, 175-77,183-84,213, 215,222 Iron Curtain, 1, 64, 98,155 Islam, 49-51,143,173, 201 Italy, 7,19, 31-32, 61, 89 Jansen, Stef, 8-9,63 jewellery, 150,163,169,172,177 job, 36-38, 40, 42, 44, 47-48,63,65, 67, 70, 73,75,77-79, 81-83, 90, 96-100,123-25, 143-44,152,155,175-76,193-97,199, 201-2,217 blue-collar, 37, 44, 63,124, 152 Kadriu, Lumnije, 14,97,112,126 kanun, 13,224 Kaser, Karl, 12-13,51,86,90-91,106n2 King, Russel, 13,75, 85, 86,101 kin(ship) group, 109, 153, 159-161,163-65,168, 170-1,173,175,180,182-83, 216-17,223 kinship, 2, 5-6,11-19, 21-22,24-26, 49,87, 90-91, 97,109-10,120,131-33,160-61, 170,179-80, 182, 184, 212, 218 258 INDEX care, 17,23,182,184,212. See also care: kin; family: care network, 12,18,153,182,212, 216,220 materialization of, 5 maternal, 14 order, 168,216 patrilineal, 15,24,88 patrilocal, 91,118,182 patterns, 2,221 practices, 3,16,23,219 relations, 3,16,18,20-22, 61,74,96, 98, 132,159,195,201,216, 221, 224 roles, 88,161,173 studies, 12-13,15 system, 90,171 unity, 120 Kosovo, 1-10,12-14, 19,22,28, 29nl, 30n8, 31-35, 37-45, 47,49-53, 55, 57, 58nl, 58n3, 58n4, 59n5, 59n6, 60-77,79, 81-82, 85, 88-92,97-98,108,112,116,121,130-31, 134,142,144,145,147,150-55, 157nl, 158-59,161,163,174-75,177-79,182,183, 184n2, 186,193,210-13, 217, 220-22 rural, 11,14,19, 23-24, 27, 86, 88, 95,10, 106,117,127,132, 137,140, 148-49, 181,194-95, 205-7, 210-11, 214, 218, 220-21 Krasniqi, Eli, 15, 26, 36, 55,74,76, 90, 102-4, 119,142,158,175 labour market, 1, 20,68,83,124,197,200,209, 210,217 land, 34,36,37,66,89,112,117-18 language, 73,84nl, 150-51,185,191,195-96, 206,218 Albanian, 11,41,43,90,109,149 barriers, 67,104 course, 185,191,195, 201-2, 209 exam(ination), 185,191 German, 44,74 requirements, 190-91 Serbian, 43,73 skills, 152,197 test, 93,191 Latifi, Tahir, 8,15,29nl, 29n2,45, 88,102-3, 107n4 Lauser, Andrea, 25,136 laws, customary, 13,224 legal framework, 61,77,192,205 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 14,109 Levitt, Peggy, 2, 52, 57, 86,146,153,160 life better, 6,41-43,57,114,125,142,202, 209 course, 8,16,22,32,87-88,92,96-97, 100, 213, 221 experience, 86,129,152 good, 43,90,115,131 married, 25,146,153,192,204 stage, 22, 105,122,158,160, 221 worlds, 11,18, 25, 46, 55, 58,115,145 lifeline, 1,160 lifestyle, 10,20,57-58,65,125,146-47,171, 175 limitations, 1, 27,114, 191 lines, 20,144,160,183,215 ethnonational, 81,174 generational, 5,23,25,56,62,87,133 livelihood, 16,32-34,37,40,57,60,80,93,105, 199, 222 locality, 2-5, 15,20-21, 23, 33, 39, 123,132, 210-11,213,220. See also under home translocal, 57 location, 2,22, 25,27, 37, 39, 61, 65,86, 89, 105-6,115, 118,122, 129, 132-33,136-37, 140,161,193,194,203, 205,212, 215, 220 locus of the family, 2,83,109,132 love, 24, 55, 56,101,103-4,129, 135-6, 138-41,143,147-48,151, 154,180, 192, 216, 224 relationship, 24,129,148,151. See also relationship, romantic Mahler, Sarah J., 186,193 Mannheim, Karl, 86 marginalization, 12,124,132,198-9 margins, 3-4,10-11, 30n7,132 marker, 10,12,50,117,132,161,216 market, 34-25,63,68,83. See also labour market job, 193,196 marriage, 15,24,26,28,46,48-49,71,90-91, 93-95,103,134,137-48,150-6,173-74, 176-78,186-92,194-99,203-8, 213,216-19 age, 44,148 arranged, 135,138-39,224,225 broker, 138. See also matchmaker candidates, 142,150 certificate, 190-91 choice, 140,147. See also choice: spousal counsellingl49,156,218 cross-border, 6,22,24-25,134-38,142, 145,147,149,151,154-56,186-90, 192-96,201, 203,205, 207, 217-18,221 INDEX decisions, 138, 153, 189-90 family-assisted, 140 family-framed, 24,154,218 forced, 150, 188-90, 192 individually framed, 24,154 love-arranged, 139 migrants, 11,140,144,186,189-203, 205-7, 219 migration, 2, 6, 9, 25,76,140,143-46, 155, 185-90,192-95, 205,217, 219-20 norms, 137, 151 partner, 55, 135-36,140, 142 practices, 137,183 proposal, 143, 151-52 translocal, 136, 155-56 marriages love, 135-36,138-39, 192, 224 sham, 188 masculinity, 152,195 Massey, Doreen, 21, 33, 87,136 match, 137-38,142-43,150 matchmaker, 137,225. See also marriage: broker migrants first-generation, 22 second-generation, 22,147,151 Turkish, 103,108,148,191 migration autonomy, 211. See also autonomy of migration background, 151, 201 culture of, 2,32,70,98,106. See also migration: culture culture, 75,211. See also migration: culture of destination, 2,19,27, 32, 61, 69, 82,110, 123, 160, 201,220 framework, legal, 61,77,192,205 internal, 209, 221 labour, 2, 4,7,14,23, 34, 36, 62-63,144, 153,209,214,223 legal, 6,76,82-83 regime, 1, 3,11,25, 33,61, 82, 86,140, 210,218. See also EU: migration regime temporary, 44, 82 trajectories, 2, 61,82 undocumented, 77 Milosevic, Slobodan, 38,42,64 mobilities, 25,32,106 mobility, 1,9,11,20,21,52,60,77,81,93,104, 153,186 downward, 155,197 259 social, 25, 64,125 upward, 25, 42,143,156, 206 modernity, 3-4,12,16, 19, 24, 33, 36, 42, 51, 55, 57-58,108-9,114,116-7,127, 132,135, 142,160-61,168-69,182,184,215-6,220, 221-22 modernization, 4, 9, 13, 18, 23, 33, 36,41, 55, 135,179, 212, 221 socialist, 66 mortgage, 35,175,216 mosque, 49-50,224 mother, 8,11, 28, 32, 46, 52, 80-81,85,125, 128, 138,146,149,153, 214 mother-in-law, 146,172-3,177, 202,204,207 Muslim, 4, 10, 11, 30n8, 50, 65, 148, 188, 195, 198, 200 nationality, 27, 29n3, 61,147-49 NATO, 1, 8,174 needlework, 46-47,165 neighbourhood, 13,22,26,88,94,115,117, 195,224 neoliberalism, 133,221 norms gender. See gender: norms generational. See generational norms patriarchal, 23,27, 51,58,151,220 Northern Macedonia, 3-4,9,15,116,122,161, 178 opportunities, 3,24, 36, 40-41, 44, 47, 57,67, 69, 70,76, 80,82, 97, 99,125,129,140-44, 152,186-87,191,195-96,207,210,222 Ottoman rule, 13, 50 ownership, 34, 87,117-18, 209 Pakistan, 131,134,136, 139,149,153-54,195, 197, 211,221 parents, bride’s, 145,194 parents-in-law, 46, 92,105,146, 192,195,202 partner Albanian, 148 non-Albanian, 147,151,153 partnership, 3,25,105,136,141-43,148, 150, 160,186-87,195-201,203,206, 216-219 emancipated, 143,199,206,218-19 gender-equalitarian, 3,142,156 model, 199,206 passport, 63,75,209 Serbian, 77,81-82 patriarchialization, 220 patrilinearity, 13,95,173 260 INDEX patrilocality, 2-3,90,117,132,145,161,174, 182,184,195,214,216 Pauli, Julia, 97,108,118,160,174,178 pension, 8-9,68,70,78,100-01 periphery, 3,10, 32,39, 57-58,221 perspective, 3-5,12,16,22,25-27,34,36,57, 62,69,79, 110,129, 135,137,140-41,144, 145,147,151, 153,182,187,190,193,211, 214,217-18,220 generational, 16,105 intersectional, 193 migrant, 22,88 translocal, 5,22,221 village, 36,140 Pessar, Patricia R., 186,193 Pichler, Robert, 3,15,42, 63,65-66,108, 110-11,114-16,122,161,178 position, social, 13,28,83,200,218 positioning(s), 3,10-11,16,21,23,26-29,31, 34,45, 58, 61-62, 72, 85,105,129,133138, 140,148,151,156,166,170,179, 187, 193, 205, 222 generational, 61,62 social, 3, 10,21,25,34,133. See also position, social poverty, 1, 6, 20,78, 96, 116 power relations, 12,26-27,62,197 pressure, 14,25,36,38,56,62,71,75,77,80, 83,96,102,123,135,144,150,161,164, 174, 192,199, 222 Prishtina,41-44,48-49,99,103, 111, 15219192,199, 208-9, 221 Prizren, 38, 41-44, 46, 48-49, 52, 91, 94,118, 130,150,158,162-3,171,178 processes, emancipatory, 2,220 profession, 43-44, 68,78,155, 205 progress, 114,215 progressivity, 127 property, 13, 34,40, 81, 87, 89-91, 96,101-2, 112-13, 117-18, 214,223 division, 91,102,113 property, parental, 96,112,117,223 prospects, 9-10,16,28,41, 64,68,77-79, 82-83,87,96-98,105,106,135,138,145,153, 155-56,162,175-76,183,199,202,217-18 prosperity, 91,116,141,155 provider, 75, 90,103,146,196, 218 proximity, 13, 145,194, 209,215-16, 219 proxy-presence, 114 puberty, 133,148 Ramadan, 50,122,223 reciprocity, 17,92,96-97,100 Reineck, Janet, 4-5,13-14,34,36-37,42,45, 51,63,66, 88,119,137-38,160,166,170, 172,174-77,184nl,214 relations, gender. See gender: relations generational, 9,23,24,33,57,65,76,86-87, 90,103,106,109,160-61,181,221 intergenerational, 33,86,103,146 intimate, 52,71, 80 relationship, romantic, 138, 159. See also under couple; love relationships, quality of, 17,157nl, 202 relatives bride’s, 161,180 female, 28,101,137,152,165-6 village, 126,168 wife’s, 194, 219 religion, 14,34,148-49. See also Islam religiosity, 49-50,200 remittance senders, 101,106 remittances, 1,7, 9, 20, 34-35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 49, 57, 65-66, 68, 72-74,76, 79, 83, 85-86, 91,92-101, 105,108,119,131,146,211, 212-14,217 termination of, 95,105 reputation, 45, 58n4,137, 204 rescaling, 32,39,219,220 residence permit, 69,77-78,176,189 residence, right of, 192,203. See also residency: rights residency permanent, 63,77,84n4 rights, 61,72,77-78, 193,205. See also residence, right of respect, 10,13,22,25,27-29,89,94,116,119, 130,132,146,167,170,172,176-77,183,198 retirement, 70,115,117 age, 32,93,121,131 return, 35, 38, 54, 69,77, 79, 81, 87, 120,124, 198, 219 ritual, 5,19,24, 122,133, 138,146,160,162, 166,168,171-76, 179-80,182-83, 216, 221 role model, 46-49, 57,88, 198 roles family, 5,11,16, 23, 25, 28, 61, 85, 98,135, 171 gendered, 22,55,83,197 gender-specific, 98,173,193 generational, 77,98, 182 Roma, 163 romance, 138-40,142,144,157,184,192, 218 INDEX Romania, 9,108,116,122 rootedness, 2, 5,11 roots, 109,115,127, 132,142,148,155,182, 215,225 rural areas, 1,4,6,40,42,149,191,210,215, 221-22 rural region, 1, 32, 37, 45, 48, 220-21 savings, 35,48, 65,97, 99-100, 113,123-24 Schiffauer, Werner, 74,103,201 seaside, 15,97,125-26 secularism, 51 self-care, 18,186 self-realization, 86-87,136,157,219,222 seniority, 167-68, 214 Serbia, 9, 31, 53, 63-65,70,77,81 shame, 80,150,203,224 shtëpia e madhe, 13,26,89,167,225 sibling, 5, 8,11, 17,88, 90-91, 95-99, 101, 133, 145,152,176,194 relation, 95,97 sisters, 11, 85,103,106,138,154,165,169,195, 199, 214, 225 sisters-in-law, 169,172,195,203 social assistance, 9,17,40 distinction, 160,177-78 life, 115, 124,174,196 media, 21, 52,55-57,114,130,142, 145, 204, 213 organization, 5,12,18,24,109 security, 1,2,5, 8-9,15-16,17-19, 30nl0, 32, 57, 61,73,77-78, 91, 93, 125,145-46, 210-11, 220,222 stratification, 24,116,216-17 transfer payments, 125 welfare, 8,91. See also welfare social security strategy, 217-18 family, 122,210 old-age, 146 provider, 18-19 provisions, 9,17 state, 19, 23,103,141,145 socialism, 4, 8,14,33-34, 37-38,41-42, 50-51, 56 societies, non-Western, 12,18 Western, 17,147,188 society, receiving, 10,22,69,148,188-89, 197-98,206 solidarity, 17-18,20,41, 61, 67,73, 91, 95-98, 110-12, 121,132,215 261 brotherly, 113,132 brotherly, 98,113, 132 family, 3,20, 83,220 kinship-based, 17 son, 13, 36,42,46, 65-68,75-76, 85-86, 90-94, 96-98,99,101-2,104-6,117-20,122, 132-33,138,145-46, 153,162,168, 174, 175-76,193-94,213-15 brother’s, 98 Southeastern Europe, 12-13,36,73,107n2 Southern Kosovo, 1,4, 22,24, 211 spouse(s), 1,7,16, 24, 50,61, 63,74,76, 91, 95, 104, 118,134-39,141,147-48,154-56,170, 172-73, 181,186-7,189,191-200, 203210, 213,215-17,219 Staßburger, Gaby, 135,135,144,148,188, 190-91,201 status, 5,24,49, 58n4, 68, 68-69,71-72,80, 87-88,101,114, 117,124-26,132-33,148, 152, 155, 160, 163-66,168,174, 176,183, 206-7,213, 216-17 Duldung, 71, 78, 84n4 illegal, 80 legal, 26, 77, 79-80, 87,106,197, 205, 212 marital, 169,212 social, 28, 34, 94,110,114-16,124,157nl, 161,168,170-71,175,177,183, 201 undocumented, 23,80-81 stereotypes, 126-27,130-31,150,200-1,206 gendered, 6,136 subject categories, 33 subjectivities, 4,123 success, 28,43,68,71,109,114, 121,125,132, 153,163,175,204 summer, 31, 38-39,47, 50, 54, 97,100, 111, 120-29,158,162,183,198,212 survey, 43, 88-89, 91, 105 Switzerland, 2, 4,7, 21, 32, 65, 69,73,134,147 tablecloths, 46,48,165 television, 56,66,114 ties. See also roots affinal, 14,122 blood, 19. See also ties: consanguineal consanguineal, 87. See also ties: blood emotional, 20,94,98 family, 23,160,205,214,222. See also ties: kinship kinship, 5,24, 71, 91,109,122,132,217. See also ties: family migrants’, 133,212 262 INDEX time family, 86-87 historical, 86-87 individual, 86-87 leisure, 31, 46-47,131 of migration, 22 times, neoliberal, 135, 178,182,211 timing of migration, 60,105 Timmerman, Christiane, 135,141,144,148, 196-97,200,221 Tito, 37-38,42 tolerance, 50, 59n5,84n2 Topgiil, Ceren, 140,147,150 tradition, 3-4,16,23-24,33,46,50, 57,74,106, 107,118,135,139,149,155-56,160-61, 165, 167-72,177,182-84,188,192, 206, 216, 218, 220, 222 Kosovo-Albanian, 145,153 patrilocal, 89,109,146,205 traditionalization, 173, 212 trajectories, 2-3,57,67,70,83 migrant, 61-62. See also migration: trajectories transformation, 5,10,14,25,26,32-33,46,56, 86,104,133,137,211,220-1 neoliberal, 5,9,40, 57,161 post-socialist, 8,33,64 translocality, 2,25,212,214. See also bi-locality trousseau, 46,162,165, 177, 225 trust, 28,120, 135 turning point, 87, 96,186 unemployment, 6-7,9,32,36-38,44,57, 63-64,144,210-11,218,222. See also employment insurance,9 rate, 57, 63,144,210 unity brotherly, 112-13,132. See also unity: fraternal family. See family: unity fraternal, 109,120-21,132. See also unity: brotherly urban areas, 6,40, 48,101-2,130,177 urbanization, 4,14 visa, 1, 9, 28,44, 60, 63, 70-71, 81-82, 92-93, 96,104,176, 185, 189,190-92, 204,209 visits, 10,22,26, 52,56,66,71,94,100,110-11, 114,120,121-22,124-28,138,149-52,183, 194,206,212,219 von Benda-Beckmann, Franz und Keebet, 16-17,86 Vullnetari, Julie, 13,75, 85, 86,101,102,104 vulnerabilities, 62,80, 96,222 wage labour, 126,177 wage work, 14,36,218-19 waiting period, 187,190, 192 war, end of the, 8,10,32-33,35, 38, 52,57,105, 121, 155,215,217, 221 wealth, 32,34,116 wedding(s) celebrations, 22, 24,26, 39, 41, 47, 66, 158-62, 164,182 ceremony, 191-92 competition, 175,183. See also competition costs, 96, 99,174-77,183,217 home, 179-80,182 restaurant, 179-181 salons, 158,162,177-78, 216 socialist, 179 welfare, 8,10,17,19,64,77,91, 94. See also social: welfare welfare state, 18,189 Western Balkans Agreement, 76,209-10. See also Western Balkans regulation Western Balkans regulation, 9 Western European countries, 2, 5,23 Western European states, 3,5,7-10,15,33, 6163, 64, 69, 192,194, 218, 220 Western superiority, 127 Westernization, 143 women divorced, 203,205, 207 in-married, 100,162,168-9 work permit, 70, 72,77-78, 81, 123,213 work, seasonal, 77,82,95,99. See also employment: seasonal; job workplace, 44, 48, 66-67,179 xenophobia, 19,72-73 village community. See under community village life, 26, 32-33, 36, 39,41, 51, 57,116, 119,127-29, 131, 141 virginity, 137,148,157nl i Bayerische ! Staatsbibliothek München youth, 7, 43, 54, 56,102,110,129,171,173,222 Yugoslavia, socialist, 1,7-9,13-14, 41-42,49, 62-63,70,73
adam_txt	CONTENTS List ofFigures vi Acknowledgements viii List ofAbbreviations xi Introduction. Kinship and Care across Kosovo’s Borders 1 Chapter 1. Translocal Foundations of a Kosovo Village Chapter 2. Migrant Trajectories: Shifting Relations of Translocal Families 31 60 Chapter 3. Family Roles in Care across Translocal Households 85 Chapter 4. Home and Investment: Shifts in Perceptions and Their Material Manifestation 108 Chapter 5. Seeking a Future and Fortune: Partner Selection in a Translocal Space 134 Chapter 6. Weddings as Affirmation of the Translocal Family and Kinship 158 Chapter 7. Realities of Cross-Border Marriages: Rearranging Family and Gender Relations 185 Conclusion. Translocal Family Care 208 Glossary 223 References 226 Index 251 REFERENCES Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1990. ‘Can there be a Feminist Ethnography?’, Women Performance: Ajournai ofFeminist Theory 5(1): Т-П. --------- . 2002. ‘Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? 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See also ethnography reflexive, 27 translocal, 4,11 architecture, 39,109-10,115-16 aspirations, 66, 83,124-25,135-37,140, 143-45,151, 155,161,219 economic, 144 emancipatory, 136 failed, 124 family, 136, 155 individual, 83,161 personal, 145 assemblage, 18,33 asylum, 52, 60, 62,65, 68-70, 73-5,79, 82 applications, 62, 68,73, 209 migration, 68,82,209 asymmetries, 20,29,124-26 Austria, 2,4,7, 26, 31-2, 52,62, 65, 68-9,77, 79,108,148,187-90,193 authority, 89,119,145,174, 201,214 autonomy of migration, 62. See also under migration average, 6, 32, 34,36, 38, 40,44-45, 88-89, 101, 148,152,189,199 Aybek, Can M., 148, 188, 190-91 Backer, Berit, 11,14-15 backwardness, 3,12, 51, 57-8,108,116,135,221 balance, 19,21, 87, 91,100,150,161,213,220 Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth, 135-36, 143, 148-50,153,187,221 bedroom, 55, 85, 111, 115,162,173 Belgrade, 31,37, 53,66,71,81,20 betrothal ceremony, 137. See also engagement bi-locality, 21, 93 biographies, 4-5, 217 birth rate, 37,64,10I-2 Block, Laura, 6, 11, 135, 188-89 blood, 12,15,90. See also under ties blood feud, 74 blue-collar sector, 42,44. See also underjob bond, 15,109,118, 160-61,165,192, 220 family, 71,147, 156,209 kinship, 118,165,217 marriage, 15 border crossing, 72-73,75,79, 80, 82 border regime, 4,18,20,60,83,135,194,220. See also EU: border regime; European border regime borders, 2,4,16,19,21-24,40,57,61, 87-8,109, 123, 136,155,159,161,182,186, 210-11,213,216, 218-20, 222 252 INDEX Bosnia-Herzegovina, 8-9,40,64-65,68-69, 77,111 boundaries, 3,21,46, 58,108-9,123,127,170, 200 boundary drawing, 127,129,131, 200 Bourdieu, Pierre, 34,109,168,174 Bozkurt, Esin, 108 breadwinner, 71,92,94,144,196-97,199, 205-6,214, 219 bride, 24, 48, 76,137-38,142-3,158, 160-66, 168-69,171-74,178-80,183,194, 198, 216 brother, 2,8,13,41-42,52,63,67,70-71, 76, 85, 89-90, 94-99,101,103-6,110-14, 117-22, 124-5, 132,151,162,176,194,198, 202,205, 212-5 married, 89,145,202 roles of, 95 brother-in-law, 194, 202 burden, 10, 25, 95,180,189,191,202 business, 35, 38,40,68,91,93,95,143,213,222 Çaglar, Ay§e, 21,32,62 Capo Zmegac, Jasna, 21,90,94,118,121 care, 1-3,5-6,10,15-25,85-107,110,114, 132-33,136-37,145,211-222 arrangements, 2,6,86-87,96-99,221 brotherly, 132 concept of, 16, 211, 214 dimensions of, 17,86,98,103,211 elderly, 86,101-3 emotional, 105-6,201 family-based, 5,9,11,19-20,23,87,98, 104,137,210,222. See also family: care financial, 92,100,106 forms of, 26, 18, 24, 96-98,106, 211, 213 gap, 17, 87,103,105-6,222. See also gaps in (family) care hands-on, 211,213-14 instrumental, 102,106 intergenerational, 104 intragenerational, 95 kin, 18-19,103. See also kinship: care material, 103 medical, 80,104 mix of, 104-5 moralities, 104 obligations, 83,114 parental, 117 physical, 102-3 practical, 105 practices of, 15,17 practices, 6,95,102,104-6, 211 relation(ship)s, 23-5,97-98,182,186, 213-14, 216, 220 responsibilities, 88,92,95,120 state, 103 translocal, 20-21,25,213,216 caregiver, 87,88,90-91,95,99,103-5. See also caretaker caregiving, 17-18,88,145,211,214,221 care-receiver, 87 caretaker, 88,95,106,120,136, 146,208. See also caregiver caretaking roles, 85,200 Carling, Jorgen, 20, 34,125 categories, 12,16,20, 33,39,137,139,212 categorization, 138,149,220 category of migrants, 23,25,50,144 celebrations, 22,122,158-62,174,176,178-80, 182-83. See also under wedding(s) centre, 2,32,37,39, 57-58, 92,178,182,212,221 European, 3,11 urban, 42, 45,142 village, 116,120,208 ceremonies, 22,47,52,122,159-61,173, 184n2, 216 ceremony, 137-9,168,171-72 bridal-fetching, 161 change(s), 2,4-5,7,10,22,49, 57, 86-97,106, 118, 127,137,149,156, 179-80, 192, 216-19 social, 5,14-15,26, 82,86,160 in the household, 96 within the family, 86 Charsley, Katherine, 131,135-6,139,149, 153-54,195,197,200 childcare, 19,48,194-95,197,199-202,206 facilities, 48 childhood, 66, 97,114,119,122,149 children, 1,7-8,16-17, 22, 32,34, 36,41-42, 44-45,47-48, 50, 52-56, 60-61, 63,66,68, 74-76,78, 86, 89, 90-96, 98,100-5,110-11, 117-21,126-33,141,143,145-47,149, 152-54,169,171,176, 197-99, 201-3,206, 208-14,216-19 brothers’, 76 migrant, 110,117,127-30,133, 216 sisters’, 98 choice, 24, 43, 132,136,139-42,144-45,154, 156, 194,206-7,218,220 spousal, 24,136,183, 218 Christians, 50 circumcision, 122,184n2, 225 citizen(s), 1,3,7,9,28, 29n5,40, 65,81,135, 155, 186,189-90,211, 220, 222 INDEX naturalized, 189 citizenship, 20,23, 63-64,81, 202 lack of, 80 class, 20, 29, 34, 63, 81,136,144,147,152, 155-56, 174,187,189-90, 193,199-200, 206, 216 class expectations, 144 clientelism, 40, 44, 57, 144 clothes, 47, 54, 55,121,124,150, 163,202, 225 clothing, 161,169 code of conduct, 57,127,170 moral, 49 of social conduct, 126 Coe, Cati, 95-96 coercion, 144 commercialization 217 communication, 4,21, 39, 52, 55, 61, 66, 84n2, 135 technologies, 51,146 communities, 95,100, 109-10,127,146, 198, 200 home, 20,22 migrant, 64,134,150-1, 153,187, 221 rural, 122 translocal, 88,221 community, 24, 33, 58n4,62, 80, 100, 109-10, 114,123,131,160, 163-65,168,174-75,177, 179,183,215-16, 225 life, 13, 58 local, 48,109-10,115, 120-1,131,161, 172,175,182,210-11 members, 50,159-60,163 migrant, 151,197 relations, 32,133,161 support, 179-80 translocal, 3,39, 88,114,160,163,170, 176,210,214,221 village, 24,46,48,100,116-17,122, 126, 132,164,171, 175,183, 203 community-building, 182 compensation, 101,110,150 competition, 9-10,159,167,175,183-84 conflict, 53, 58n4, 64, 65, 68,73, 81,102,110, 120,145,151,153-54,159,161,174,176, 203,207,215 ethnic, 32, 42, 53 ethnopolitical, 60, 64, 69,75, 82 intergenerational, 83,217 marital, 148,154,206 conflicts within the family / within families, 74, 83, 87, 95-96 253 connection(s), 10, 21, 26, 40, 90, 97-98,115, 127,132,155, 178-79, 194, 213, 215-17,222 disrupted, 27 translocal, 39,57 virtual, 52 Constable, Nicole, 136,141,143 constraints, 25,45,49,99,187 consumer culture, 23,32,121 consumerism, 125,169 consumption, 7,32-33, 55, 133, 159-61, 178 conspicuous, 121,160,216 control, 46,151,188 social, 17, 57, 148 cooperation, 91,109,184 between brothers, 2,112,132 family, 7, 61, 83,194 interethnic, 58n3 among sisters, 195 co-owner, 90,117-18 corruption, 8, 40, 144 costs, 40-41, 44, 96, 150, 162,169 for bridal gifts, 174 living, 76,189 costume, traditional, 47, 162, 169,182 country of immigration, 63,83,148,193,203. See also immigration: country/countries receiving, 6,22,60,63,69,72,78-79,133, 189,197,199 couple, 71,92-93, 101-2,104-5,118,137-37, 154,177,180-81,183,186,190,193, 197, 199, 203,206,208,216-17 cross-border, 5,198 relationships, 24,138,159,181 courtyard, 116, 162-63, 166,167,171-72 culture, Albanian, 151,156,158 cultural intimacy, 27 customs, 28, 49,154,159,162,172-73,175-76, 182, 216 Dahinden, Janine, 5,10,21,65,73-74,123,127, 144,150,186, 215 Dalakoglou, Dimitris, 108, 111, 115,120 Dalipaj, Gerda, 179 dance, 163,165,167-8, 173,180-81, 225 data, statistical, 6-7 daughter, 36,45, 55-56,75-76, 83, 90, 92-94, 101-6,118,129,146-47,154, 162,170,201, 203,214,217 daughter(s)-in-law, 36,76,92-94,102-3,106, 119,146,153,170, 175,203,214 debt, 165,174,217 254 INDEX dependence, 7,14,23,36,218. See also dependencies; dependency dependencies, 62,19,201,206 emotional, 193 gender-specific, 191 multiple, 192 dependency, 57,80,82, 94,104,192-3,205,222 deportation, 68,77,80 desire, 24, 32, 110,113,133,136,138, 141,186, 222 for migration, 23,36,210 desires, material, 101,141 development, 31, 33, 37,42, 55, 87,162, 174, 179,186,210 economic, 8,20,63 neoliberal, 156 under-, 78,127 dimension class, 189 emotional, 86,194 gender(ed), 56,189,192,214 intergenerational, 98,132-33,203,217 normative, 17,86 translocal, 123 disappointment, 102,125,136 discourses, 4,10,19,25,127,135,150,161, 187-88,195, 200,206,212 dominant, 6,133,156 Western, 25,135,138, 143,149,151, 187-88,191, 220 disempowerment, 186, 198,219. See also empowerment distance, 2, 24, 40, 52, 58, 87, 90, 92, 98,105, 123-24,136,143,156,186,194-95,218,222 diversification, 23,217 of family roles and models, 5 of migrants’ caring relations, 104 diversity, 10, 23, 82, 88,147 division of (joint) household(s), 35-36,111 -12, 175. See also under household(s); property division of land, 36 divorce, 92,148,154-55,203-7,219 dreams, 6, 55,75,114,176,204, 219 Drotbohm, Heike, 15-16,19,20,61,87,95, 153 drum, 50, 163, 224 Duijzings, Ger, 33,36, 39, 59n5 Duldung, 68-72,74,77-78, 84n4,122 Durkheim, Emile, 17-18 duty, 73,98 dynamics, 6,11,23,27,34,57,61,67,193,195, 210,214,222 family. See family; dynamics economies, 20,57,64,109 education, 14,16,25,27,32,34,38,41-51,5758,78,90,93-94,98-99,103,136,140-41, 143,144,151,153,165, 183, 187,191,193, 197-205,208, 212-14, 217,219 higher, 41,44-45, 58,70,78,96-97,105-6, 123,140,155,199, 201,206,213,218 religious, 50 elderly, 10,16-17,24,36,47,86,91,101-4, 106, 113,211,214 care. See care: elderly emancipation, 14, 24, 43,46, 58n4,206,212 emigration, 9, 32, 37, 64, 70, 98,155 emotions, 16,160 employment, 4, 6-7, 25, 32, 37-41, 44-48, 57-58, 58n3-4,70,77-79, 87, 129,140-41, 145,151,156,197,199-202,206,219. See also unemployment contract, 7,78,209 female, 45-48 permit, 77 seasonal, 39. See also work, seasonal empowerment, 73,186. See also disempowerment engagement, 52,137-39,143-44,150,166, 191-92,225. See also betrothal ceremony entanglements, 3,11-12,25,79 entrepreneurship, 38,40 equality, 120,125,132, 135,206,215. See also inequality among brothers, 112,120,214 gender, 24,42,56,135 ethnography, 25,27,211 EU border regime, 7,25,72. See also border regime; European border regime Family Reunification Directive, 193 migration regime, 1,210. See also European border regime; migration: regime European border regime, 76,211. See also border regime; EU: border regime; EU: migration regime everyday life, 25,36,50,109,123-24,132,187, 193, 195,216 exchange, 25,83,92,165,222 exclusion, 10,20, 42, 80 exogamy, village, 46,137,171,195 expectations, 8, 17,22,74,95,100,102-3,105, 124-26,135-36, 143,156,186-87,195,197, 200,202,206,219-21 class, 144 family’s, 156,176 INDEX gender, 212 generational, 76 parental, 147,150,183 expenses, 74,82,95,99,121-22,125,201,205. See also under household experience, 2,4,15,22,33,34,38,60,66,68, 72,86,115,119,122,125, 128-29,138,147, 149,152, 177,182,186,198,210,221 families, border-crossing, 20,221 fragmented, 156 natal, 45,126 nuclear, 111, 119-20,132,215. See also under household translocal, 60, 85, 88, 92, 96-97, 211, 214 transnational, 19-20 familja e bashkuar, 13,26,89,225 family background, 138,147, 154 bride’s, 137,162,166,171-72,180,216 care, 2,4,9,16-19,27, 50,80,85-86,98, 103,105, 110,113,132,145,155, 186, 211,214,218,220-22 care, translocal, 19,80,155 circle, 27, 38,45,103,139, 216 cohesion, 68,169 collective, 4,109 conceptions, 10 considerations, 68,83,87,100,140,145, 153,157,186,217 constellations, 99-100,221 counselling, 138-39,142,152,154,156 culture, 11, 214,221 dynamics, 3,105,128,197 enterprise, 67,176 extended, 31,60,72,110,167 framework, 60,74,156 groom’s, 137,162-63,165-68,170-74, 176, 180-82, 216 home, 47,126,132,172 house, 96,104,116,129 husband’s, 126,132,198,204,206 involvement, 138,140,142 joint, 13-14, 89, 96,132, 225 language, 104,218. See also language: Albanian life, 15, 24, 50,65, 69,74,123,126, 129, 133, 156,167,188,215,218 model, 12-13,142,199,221 network, 4-6,15,20-21, 25, 31, 61-62, 86-87,95,106,132, 135,143,149, 157, 203,210-211,213 255 network, translocal, 5,22-25,27, 29, 60, 62, 81,104,133, 182,213,215, 220 obligations, 70, 123, 202 organization, 2,12, 214 patrilineal, 2,27,173 pressure, 135. See also pressure relations, 1-5,10,14, 20-21,24, 29, 49-50,58, 61-62, 64,71,94,96,105, 109,116,117,125,151,186,195,205, 211,218 relations, cross-border, 19,212,220 relations, patriarchal, 4-6,13,211 relations, translocal, 6,11,20,26,210, 212,221-22 responsibilities, 41,152 reunification, 2, 6, 20,23,62, 65, 68-69, 71,74,76,79, 81-83,92-94, 96, 99, 189,190, 193, 202,204, 209-10 Reunification Directive, 188,193 reunification programme, 60 structure, 3,10,11, 13,14,20,195,206, 214 support, 62, 100,157,191,192,205, 213 unity, 3, 68,110, 111, 113,119,132,149, 169,212 values, 14,45, 49,76, 90,104, 140, 147, 175,188 family-based migration, 11,23,134,220 father, 7,11,41,65-71,76,79, 83,89-90, 92-97, 99-100, 102, 117-18,128,130,145, 150,151,176,202,212,218 feminization of migration, 22 fertility rate, 45,63,89,101 fiancé(e), 143,150,185,190-91 fieldwork, 4,8,14, 26-29,49, 91-2 fraternity, 118 fratrilocality, 13 freedom, 24,51,56, 65,73,106,129,136,138, 141, 202, 206, 220 fulfilment individual, 148, 186 personal, 155 future, 24, 34, 43,79-80, 95, 98,109-12,115, 117, 131,142,152,175,182-83,185, 203, 207, 215 alternative, 33,207,210 better, 8,66,69,141,144-47,156,205 good, 43,98 individual, 9-10 of the children, 103,127 plans, 22,109 vision, 57,117 256 INDEX gap in (family) care, 4,23-24,211,214. See also under care gap, knowledge, 193 gaze, 46,116,150 gender norms, 25, 58, 93,102, 106, 116,118,123, 130,133,139, 141,148,195, 198,205, 211,218 relations, 14,24, 26, 33,45-46, 56-57, 90,98,101,106,109,117-18,130,137, 141,149,160-61,182,184,193-94, 198,200,206,208,214,220 roles, 5, 25, 41,45-46,48-50, 55, 87, 136, 140,156, 160, 161, 186,197-198, 201, 203, 207, 214, 218, 221 generation, 5, 10,13,22,60,86-87,92,100, 110,115, 117-18,125,130-31, 133, 138, 206, 208,211-12,215,221 next, 109-10,117,215 older, 55, 155, 180, 183 parent(s’)/parental, 44,57,148 young(er), 43-44, 76,119,181, 183 zero, 104 generational norms, 62,83 generational relations. See relations: generational Germany, 2,4,7-9,26-27,32,62,65,68-69, 72,76-79,134,188-90, 193,199-201, 203, 206,209,221 Giddens, Anthony, 55,135 gift, 56,95, 98,100-1,103-4,121, 124,126, 161-63, 165-6,168,175-77,179,214, 216 gift of love, 103-4 gifts, bridal, 162,165, 168,175-77 girls, 41-43,45-46,50,54-55, 57,68,75, 129-30, 133,137, 139,148-149, 152, 166, 170-71,173, 225 Glick Schiller, Nina, 4-5,21, 61, 62, 64,124, 160, 200 globalization, 5, 22-23, 33, 57,114,121, 134-35,182, 221 goals, 3,18,43-44, 65, 86, 99,120,124,140-41, 153,156,175-76, 206, 219 gossip, 46, 139, 198, 204 government, 8,38,40, 64,174,187 grandchildren, 26,104 grandparent, 75,87,104 groom, 24,46,76, 141-42,144,160-63, 165-74,177,180-83,194 groom’s family. See under family grooms’ house. See under house guest, 24, 28-29,46, 111, 116, 120, 122,137, 160-74,176-80,216 guestworker, 42,65,79,223 Hareven, Tamara K., 86-87,91,100 Hart, Kimberley, 139,142,183 headdress, 47,163-64,169 headscarf, 50-51,171,200, 223 health care, 9, 17, 64,125, 222 health care system, 37, 141 health insurance, 78,82,205 hierarchies, 28,55,193,210 hierarchy, 9,29,32,183 home, 2,10,16, 22,24, 26-27, 31, 36,45,48-49, 51, 54, 58,65-66, 69-71, 73-74,78-82, 8788, 90,92,95-105,108-11,114-127,129-33, 141, 143,146-49,154-55,157nl, 158, 160, 162-63,165-66,168,171-72,175-77, 177-80,196-98,201-4, 206, 212-222 country, 68,79, 83,149, 187, 191. See also homeland family. See family: home locality, 15, 21,114-15 region, 4,10,20, 37,40,73,76-77,80,83, 99-100, 108, 111, 114-15,117,119, 124,127,129,134, 147-48,150-51, 153,161,189, 195,198,201,212,215, 217-18 village, 3, 21-22, 98, 111, 114-15,120, 122-23,125-27,150,158,215 homeland, 15,121,125. See also home: country honour, 164,167,177,180, 207 hope, 8,145,152,155-56, 199,203,205,209, 218 hospitality viii, 26-27,29,116,180 house, 13,27, 36, 54, 58nl, 90-91, 94, 96-97, 99,102,104,108-23, 130-32,138, 174,180, 183,209,212,215-16,225 bride’s, 171,179 brother’s/brothers’, 94,112,118,121 building, 22,24, 35, 57,109-10,112-15, 117-18,123-24,133, 215-16 family. See family: house groom’s, 158,161,163,166,171-73,179, 182 husband’s, 141,179 large, 13,89,110,114 modern, 114,120-121, 212 new, 115-17,145 owner, 78,109,114 parental, 100,113,117-18,179 INDEX village, 110,118,215 household(s), 5,11,12,14, 32, 34, 40-41, 47, 51, 57, 63, 67, 86-92, 95-96, 99,105,109-11, 114,116, 118-20,132-33,142,146,155, 187, 193-5,197,199-203,207,212-15, 219 bi-local, 93-94 chores, 36,46-47,102-3. See also housework complex, 14, 89,118-19, 128, 202. See also household: joint cycle, 86, 213 division of, 36. See also household: division division, 89,112,118-19. See also household: division of a equipment, 114,124 expenses, 34, 48, 213 extended, 26,91 head, 90-91,145, 225 income, 95,141,143,199 joint, 13, 34, 36, 67,76, 86, 89-91, 94-97, 105,111-12, 202. See also household: complex nuclear, 14, 36, 91,123,132,143, 145,193, 206,215 parental, 7, 90,145,220 patrilocal, 14, 206n2,212 responsibilities, 197 rural, 40,45 size, 88-89 survey, 105 translocal, 11, 23, 85-86, 89, 92,105 village, 31, 32,34, 54,76, 88-89, 91, 94, 96 housewife, 141,199 housework, 197,199, 201-2,206. See also household: chores Howell, Signe, 15 Humphrey, Caroline, 116 husband’s brother, 118 identities, 18, 29,64,109,131,142 identity, 36, 50,55,73,80,123,127,182,200, 216 imagination, 16,20-21,33,113-14, 135-36, 139,147, 218 imam, 50,173,224 immigration, 6,10,68,73,80,128,149,155, 188,200 country/countries, 6-7, 20,144,148, 150,188,200,217. See also country: of immigration 257 policies, 20-21, 60-61 immobility, 75 inclusion, differential, 20. See also integration income, 34, 38,40, 44, 48,70,81-82, 88, 89,95, 123-24,141, 143,178, 189,199,201,205,216 requirements, 189 individualism, 9, 117, 167-169 individuality, 3, 109,133,170, 220 individualization, 13,24, 111, 136,179,212 industrialization, 14, 63, 91 inequalities, 21, 61, 83,156 inequality, 20. See also equality information, 20, 28, 52,73, 80,125, 142,190, 211 infrastructure, 40, 53,108 inheritance, 16,103,107n4,113,117, 214 in-laws, 45,48,141, 143,146,162,172,174, 179,192-94, 197, 200-3, 206, 219 insecurities, 68,183,192 integration, 13, 22,30nll, 68-69,74,79, 187-91,200,202,206. See also inclusion, differential interior, 38, 96, 114,116, 215 international human rights convention, 188 internet, 45-46, 51-52, 54-55 intersectionalities, 33 intersections, 27 investment, 3-4, 24, 38-40, 99, 108-9, 117-19, 121-25,127, 131-33, 175-77,183-84,213, 215,222 Iron Curtain, 1, 64, 98,155 Islam, 49-51,143,173, 201 Italy, 7,19, 31-32, 61, 89 Jansen, Stef, 8-9,63 jewellery, 150,163,169,172,177 job, 36-38, 40, 42, 44, 47-48,63,65, 67, 70, 73,75,77-79, 81-83, 90, 96-100,123-25, 143-44,152,155,175-76,193-97,199, 201-2,217 blue-collar, 37, 44, 63,124, 152 Kadriu, Lumnije, 14,97,112,126 kanun, 13,224 Kaser, Karl, 12-13,51,86,90-91,106n2 King, Russel, 13,75, 85, 86,101 kin(ship) group, 109, 153, 159-161,163-65,168, 170-1,173,175,180,182-83, 216-17,223 kinship, 2, 5-6,11-19, 21-22,24-26, 49,87, 90-91, 97,109-10,120,131-33,160-61, 170,179-80, 182, 184, 212, 218 258 INDEX care, 17,23,182,184,212. See also care: kin; family: care network, 12,18,153,182,212, 216,220 materialization of, 5 maternal, 14 order, 168,216 patrilineal, 15,24,88 patrilocal, 91,118,182 patterns, 2,221 practices, 3,16,23,219 relations, 3,16,18,20-22, 61,74,96, 98, 132,159,195,201,216, 221, 224 roles, 88,161,173 studies, 12-13,15 system, 90,171 unity, 120 Kosovo, 1-10,12-14, 19,22,28, 29nl, 30n8, 31-35, 37-45, 47,49-53, 55, 57, 58nl, 58n3, 58n4, 59n5, 59n6, 60-77,79, 81-82, 85, 88-92,97-98,108,112,116,121,130-31, 134,142,144,145,147,150-55, 157nl, 158-59,161,163,174-75,177-79,182,183, 184n2, 186,193,210-13, 217, 220-22 rural, 11,14,19, 23-24, 27, 86, 88, 95,10, 106,117,127,132, 137,140, 148-49, 181,194-95, 205-7, 210-11, 214, 218, 220-21 Krasniqi, Eli, 15, 26, 36, 55,74,76, 90, 102-4, 119,142,158,175 labour market, 1, 20,68,83,124,197,200,209, 210,217 land, 34,36,37,66,89,112,117-18 language, 73,84nl, 150-51,185,191,195-96, 206,218 Albanian, 11,41,43,90,109,149 barriers, 67,104 course, 185,191,195, 201-2, 209 exam(ination), 185,191 German, 44,74 requirements, 190-91 Serbian, 43,73 skills, 152,197 test, 93,191 Latifi, Tahir, 8,15,29nl, 29n2,45, 88,102-3, 107n4 Lauser, Andrea, 25,136 laws, customary, 13,224 legal framework, 61,77,192,205 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 14,109 Levitt, Peggy, 2, 52, 57, 86,146,153,160 life better, 6,41-43,57,114,125,142,202, 209 course, 8,16,22,32,87-88,92,96-97, 100, 213, 221 experience, 86,129,152 good, 43,90,115,131 married, 25,146,153,192,204 stage, 22, 105,122,158,160, 221 worlds, 11,18, 25, 46, 55, 58,115,145 lifeline, 1,160 lifestyle, 10,20,57-58,65,125,146-47,171, 175 limitations, 1, 27,114, 191 lines, 20,144,160,183,215 ethnonational, 81,174 generational, 5,23,25,56,62,87,133 livelihood, 16,32-34,37,40,57,60,80,93,105, 199, 222 locality, 2-5, 15,20-21, 23, 33, 39, 123,132, 210-11,213,220. See also under home translocal, 57 location, 2,22, 25,27, 37, 39, 61, 65,86, 89, 105-6,115, 118,122, 129, 132-33,136-37, 140,161,193,194,203, 205,212, 215, 220 locus of the family, 2,83,109,132 love, 24, 55, 56,101,103-4,129, 135-6, 138-41,143,147-48,151, 154,180, 192, 216, 224 relationship, 24,129,148,151. See also relationship, romantic Mahler, Sarah J., 186,193 Mannheim, Karl, 86 marginalization, 12,124,132,198-9 margins, 3-4,10-11, 30n7,132 marker, 10,12,50,117,132,161,216 market, 34-25,63,68,83. See also labour market job, 193,196 marriage, 15,24,26,28,46,48-49,71,90-91, 93-95,103,134,137-48,150-6,173-74, 176-78,186-92,194-99,203-8, 213,216-19 age, 44,148 arranged, 135,138-39,224,225 broker, 138. See also matchmaker candidates, 142,150 certificate, 190-91 choice, 140,147. See also choice: spousal counsellingl49,156,218 cross-border, 6,22,24-25,134-38,142, 145,147,149,151,154-56,186-90, 192-96,201, 203,205, 207, 217-18,221 INDEX decisions, 138, 153, 189-90 family-assisted, 140 family-framed, 24,154,218 forced, 150, 188-90, 192 individually framed, 24,154 love-arranged, 139 migrants, 11,140,144,186,189-203, 205-7, 219 migration, 2, 6, 9, 25,76,140,143-46, 155, 185-90,192-95, 205,217, 219-20 norms, 137, 151 partner, 55, 135-36,140, 142 practices, 137,183 proposal, 143, 151-52 translocal, 136, 155-56 marriages love, 135-36,138-39, 192, 224 sham, 188 masculinity, 152,195 Massey, Doreen, 21, 33, 87,136 match, 137-38,142-43,150 matchmaker, 137,225. See also marriage: broker migrants first-generation, 22 second-generation, 22,147,151 Turkish, 103,108,148,191 migration autonomy, 211. See also autonomy of migration background, 151, 201 culture of, 2,32,70,98,106. See also migration: culture culture, 75,211. See also migration: culture of destination, 2,19,27, 32, 61, 69, 82,110, 123, 160, 201,220 framework, legal, 61,77,192,205 internal, 209, 221 labour, 2, 4,7,14,23, 34, 36, 62-63,144, 153,209,214,223 legal, 6,76,82-83 regime, 1, 3,11,25, 33,61, 82, 86,140, 210,218. See also EU: migration regime temporary, 44, 82 trajectories, 2, 61,82 undocumented, 77 Milosevic, Slobodan, 38,42,64 mobilities, 25,32,106 mobility, 1,9,11,20,21,52,60,77,81,93,104, 153,186 downward, 155,197 259 social, 25, 64,125 upward, 25, 42,143,156, 206 modernity, 3-4,12,16, 19, 24, 33, 36, 42, 51, 55, 57-58,108-9,114,116-7,127, 132,135, 142,160-61,168-69,182,184,215-6,220, 221-22 modernization, 4, 9, 13, 18, 23, 33, 36,41, 55, 135,179, 212, 221 socialist, 66 mortgage, 35,175,216 mosque, 49-50,224 mother, 8,11, 28, 32, 46, 52, 80-81,85,125, 128, 138,146,149,153, 214 mother-in-law, 146,172-3,177, 202,204,207 Muslim, 4, 10, 11, 30n8, 50, 65, 148, 188, 195, 198, 200 nationality, 27, 29n3, 61,147-49 NATO, 1, 8,174 needlework, 46-47,165 neighbourhood, 13,22,26,88,94,115,117, 195,224 neoliberalism, 133,221 norms gender. See gender: norms generational. See generational norms patriarchal, 23,27, 51,58,151,220 Northern Macedonia, 3-4,9,15,116,122,161, 178 opportunities, 3,24, 36, 40-41, 44, 47, 57,67, 69, 70,76, 80,82, 97, 99,125,129,140-44, 152,186-87,191,195-96,207,210,222 Ottoman rule, 13, 50 ownership, 34, 87,117-18, 209 Pakistan, 131,134,136, 139,149,153-54,195, 197, 211,221 parents, bride’s, 145,194 parents-in-law, 46, 92,105,146, 192,195,202 partner Albanian, 148 non-Albanian, 147,151,153 partnership, 3,25,105,136,141-43,148, 150, 160,186-87,195-201,203,206, 216-219 emancipated, 143,199,206,218-19 gender-equalitarian, 3,142,156 model, 199,206 passport, 63,75,209 Serbian, 77,81-82 patriarchialization, 220 patrilinearity, 13,95,173 260 INDEX patrilocality, 2-3,90,117,132,145,161,174, 182,184,195,214,216 Pauli, Julia, 97,108,118,160,174,178 pension, 8-9,68,70,78,100-01 periphery, 3,10, 32,39, 57-58,221 perspective, 3-5,12,16,22,25-27,34,36,57, 62,69,79, 110,129, 135,137,140-41,144, 145,147,151, 153,182,187,190,193,211, 214,217-18,220 generational, 16,105 intersectional, 193 migrant, 22,88 translocal, 5,22,221 village, 36,140 Pessar, Patricia R., 186,193 Pichler, Robert, 3,15,42, 63,65-66,108, 110-11,114-16,122,161,178 position, social, 13,28,83,200,218 positioning(s), 3,10-11,16,21,23,26-29,31, 34,45, 58, 61-62, 72, 85,105,129,133138, 140,148,151,156,166,170,179, 187, 193, 205, 222 generational, 61,62 social, 3, 10,21,25,34,133. See also position, social poverty, 1, 6, 20,78, 96, 116 power relations, 12,26-27,62,197 pressure, 14,25,36,38,56,62,71,75,77,80, 83,96,102,123,135,144,150,161,164, 174, 192,199, 222 Prishtina,41-44,48-49,99,103, 111, 15219192,199, 208-9, 221 Prizren, 38, 41-44, 46, 48-49, 52, 91, 94,118, 130,150,158,162-3,171,178 processes, emancipatory, 2,220 profession, 43-44, 68,78,155, 205 progress, 114,215 progressivity, 127 property, 13, 34,40, 81, 87, 89-91, 96,101-2, 112-13, 117-18, 214,223 division, 91,102,113 property, parental, 96,112,117,223 prospects, 9-10,16,28,41, 64,68,77-79, 82-83,87,96-98,105,106,135,138,145,153, 155-56,162,175-76,183,199,202,217-18 prosperity, 91,116,141,155 provider, 75, 90,103,146,196, 218 proximity, 13, 145,194, 209,215-16, 219 proxy-presence, 114 puberty, 133,148 Ramadan, 50,122,223 reciprocity, 17,92,96-97,100 Reineck, Janet, 4-5,13-14,34,36-37,42,45, 51,63,66, 88,119,137-38,160,166,170, 172,174-77,184nl,214 relations, gender. See gender: relations generational, 9,23,24,33,57,65,76,86-87, 90,103,106,109,160-61,181,221 intergenerational, 33,86,103,146 intimate, 52,71, 80 relationship, romantic, 138, 159. See also under couple; love relationships, quality of, 17,157nl, 202 relatives bride’s, 161,180 female, 28,101,137,152,165-6 village, 126,168 wife’s, 194, 219 religion, 14,34,148-49. See also Islam religiosity, 49-50,200 remittance senders, 101,106 remittances, 1,7, 9, 20, 34-35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 49, 57, 65-66, 68, 72-74,76, 79, 83, 85-86, 91,92-101, 105,108,119,131,146,211, 212-14,217 termination of, 95,105 reputation, 45, 58n4,137, 204 rescaling, 32,39,219,220 residence permit, 69,77-78,176,189 residence, right of, 192,203. See also residency: rights residency permanent, 63,77,84n4 rights, 61,72,77-78, 193,205. See also residence, right of respect, 10,13,22,25,27-29,89,94,116,119, 130,132,146,167,170,172,176-77,183,198 retirement, 70,115,117 age, 32,93,121,131 return, 35, 38, 54, 69,77, 79, 81, 87, 120,124, 198, 219 ritual, 5,19,24, 122,133, 138,146,160,162, 166,168,171-76, 179-80,182-83, 216, 221 role model, 46-49, 57,88, 198 roles family, 5,11,16, 23, 25, 28, 61, 85, 98,135, 171 gendered, 22,55,83,197 gender-specific, 98,173,193 generational, 77,98, 182 Roma, 163 romance, 138-40,142,144,157,184,192, 218 INDEX Romania, 9,108,116,122 rootedness, 2, 5,11 roots, 109,115,127, 132,142,148,155,182, 215,225 rural areas, 1,4,6,40,42,149,191,210,215, 221-22 rural region, 1, 32, 37, 45, 48, 220-21 savings, 35,48, 65,97, 99-100, 113,123-24 Schiffauer, Werner, 74,103,201 seaside, 15,97,125-26 secularism, 51 self-care, 18,186 self-realization, 86-87,136,157,219,222 seniority, 167-68, 214 Serbia, 9, 31, 53, 63-65,70,77,81 shame, 80,150,203,224 shtëpia e madhe, 13,26,89,167,225 sibling, 5, 8,11, 17,88, 90-91, 95-99, 101, 133, 145,152,176,194 relation, 95,97 sisters, 11, 85,103,106,138,154,165,169,195, 199, 214, 225 sisters-in-law, 169,172,195,203 social assistance, 9,17,40 distinction, 160,177-78 life, 115, 124,174,196 media, 21, 52,55-57,114,130,142, 145, 204, 213 organization, 5,12,18,24,109 security, 1,2,5, 8-9,15-16,17-19, 30nl0, 32, 57, 61,73,77-78, 91, 93, 125,145-46, 210-11, 220,222 stratification, 24,116,216-17 transfer payments, 125 welfare, 8,91. See also welfare social security strategy, 217-18 family, 122,210 old-age, 146 provider, 18-19 provisions, 9,17 state, 19, 23,103,141,145 socialism, 4, 8,14,33-34, 37-38,41-42, 50-51, 56 societies, non-Western, 12,18 Western, 17,147,188 society, receiving, 10,22,69,148,188-89, 197-98,206 solidarity, 17-18,20,41, 61, 67,73, 91, 95-98, 110-12, 121,132,215 261 brotherly, 113,132 brotherly, 98,113, 132 family, 3,20, 83,220 kinship-based, 17 son, 13, 36,42,46, 65-68,75-76, 85-86, 90-94, 96-98,99,101-2,104-6,117-20,122, 132-33,138,145-46, 153,162,168, 174, 175-76,193-94,213-15 brother’s, 98 Southeastern Europe, 12-13,36,73,107n2 Southern Kosovo, 1,4, 22,24, 211 spouse(s), 1,7,16, 24, 50,61, 63,74,76, 91, 95, 104, 118,134-39,141,147-48,154-56,170, 172-73, 181,186-7,189,191-200, 203210, 213,215-17,219 Staßburger, Gaby, 135,135,144,148,188, 190-91,201 status, 5,24,49, 58n4, 68, 68-69,71-72,80, 87-88,101,114, 117,124-26,132-33,148, 152, 155, 160, 163-66,168,174, 176,183, 206-7,213, 216-17 Duldung, 71, 78, 84n4 illegal, 80 legal, 26, 77, 79-80, 87,106,197, 205, 212 marital, 169,212 social, 28, 34, 94,110,114-16,124,157nl, 161,168,170-71,175,177,183, 201 undocumented, 23,80-81 stereotypes, 126-27,130-31,150,200-1,206 gendered, 6,136 subject categories, 33 subjectivities, 4,123 success, 28,43,68,71,109,114, 121,125,132, 153,163,175,204 summer, 31, 38-39,47, 50, 54, 97,100, 111, 120-29,158,162,183,198,212 survey, 43, 88-89, 91, 105 Switzerland, 2, 4,7, 21, 32, 65, 69,73,134,147 tablecloths, 46,48,165 television, 56,66,114 ties. See also roots affinal, 14,122 blood, 19. See also ties: consanguineal consanguineal, 87. See also ties: blood emotional, 20,94,98 family, 23,160,205,214,222. See also ties: kinship kinship, 5,24, 71, 91,109,122,132,217. See also ties: family migrants’, 133,212 262 INDEX time family, 86-87 historical, 86-87 individual, 86-87 leisure, 31, 46-47,131 of migration, 22 times, neoliberal, 135, 178,182,211 timing of migration, 60,105 Timmerman, Christiane, 135,141,144,148, 196-97,200,221 Tito, 37-38,42 tolerance, 50, 59n5,84n2 Topgiil, Ceren, 140,147,150 tradition, 3-4,16,23-24,33,46,50, 57,74,106, 107,118,135,139,149,155-56,160-61, 165, 167-72,177,182-84,188,192, 206, 216, 218, 220, 222 Kosovo-Albanian, 145,153 patrilocal, 89,109,146,205 traditionalization, 173, 212 trajectories, 2-3,57,67,70,83 migrant, 61-62. See also migration: trajectories transformation, 5,10,14,25,26,32-33,46,56, 86,104,133,137,211,220-1 neoliberal, 5,9,40, 57,161 post-socialist, 8,33,64 translocality, 2,25,212,214. See also bi-locality trousseau, 46,162,165, 177, 225 trust, 28,120, 135 turning point, 87, 96,186 unemployment, 6-7,9,32,36-38,44,57, 63-64,144,210-11,218,222. See also employment insurance,9 rate, 57, 63,144,210 unity brotherly, 112-13,132. See also unity: fraternal family. See family: unity fraternal, 109,120-21,132. See also unity: brotherly urban areas, 6,40, 48,101-2,130,177 urbanization, 4,14 visa, 1, 9, 28,44, 60, 63, 70-71, 81-82, 92-93, 96,104,176, 185, 189,190-92, 204,209 visits, 10,22,26, 52,56,66,71,94,100,110-11, 114,120,121-22,124-28,138,149-52,183, 194,206,212,219 von Benda-Beckmann, Franz und Keebet, 16-17,86 Vullnetari, Julie, 13,75, 85, 86,101,102,104 vulnerabilities, 62,80, 96,222 wage labour, 126,177 wage work, 14,36,218-19 waiting period, 187,190, 192 war, end of the, 8,10,32-33,35, 38, 52,57,105, 121, 155,215,217, 221 wealth, 32,34,116 wedding(s) celebrations, 22, 24,26, 39, 41, 47, 66, 158-62, 164,182 ceremony, 191-92 competition, 175,183. See also competition costs, 96, 99,174-77,183,217 home, 179-80,182 restaurant, 179-181 salons, 158,162,177-78, 216 socialist, 179 welfare, 8,10,17,19,64,77,91, 94. See also social: welfare welfare state, 18,189 Western Balkans Agreement, 76,209-10. See also Western Balkans regulation Western Balkans regulation, 9 Western European countries, 2, 5,23 Western European states, 3,5,7-10,15,33, 6163, 64, 69, 192,194, 218, 220 Western superiority, 127 Westernization, 143 women divorced, 203,205, 207 in-married, 100,162,168-9 work permit, 70, 72,77-78, 81, 123,213 work, seasonal, 77,82,95,99. See also employment: seasonal; job workplace, 44, 48, 66-67,179 xenophobia, 19,72-73 village community. See under community village life, 26, 32-33, 36, 39,41, 51, 57,116, 119,127-29, 131, 141 virginity, 137,148,157nl i Bayerische ! Staatsbibliothek München youth, 7, 43, 54, 56,102,110,129,171,173,222 Yugoslavia, socialist, 1,7-9,13-14, 41-42,49, 62-63,70,73
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spelling	Leutloff-Grandits, Carolin 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)1112606610 aut Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines Carolin Leutloff-Grandits New York ; Oxford Berghahn Books 2023 x, 262 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anthropology of Europe volume 8 "In today's globalized world, where the foundations of home and social security are destabilized due to wars and neoliberal transformations, the villagers of Kosovo are linked with a common locality despite living across borders. By tracing long-distant family relations with a special focus on cross-border marriages, this study looks at the reconfiguration of care relations, gender and generational roles among kin-members of Kosovo, who now live in different European states"-- Familie (DE-588)4016397-0 gnd rswk-swf Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd rswk-swf Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 gnd rswk-swf Opojë (DE-588)1097301826 gnd rswk-swf Marriage / Kosovo (Republic) Kinship / Kosovo (Republic) Families / Kosovo (Republic) Transnationalism / Social aspects / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovans / Foreign countries Opojë (DE-588)1097301826 g Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 s Familie (DE-588)4016397-0 s Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 g DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-1-80539-060-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, web pdf 978-1-80539-079-4 Anthropology of Europe volume 8 (DE-604)BV044395757 8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register
spellingShingle	Leutloff-Grandits, Carolin 1971- Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines Anthropology of Europe Familie (DE-588)4016397-0 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4016397-0 (DE-588)4120730-0 (DE-588)4079215-8 (DE-588)1097301826
title	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
title_auth	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
title_exact_search	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
title_exact_search_txtP	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
title_full	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines Carolin Leutloff-Grandits
title_fullStr	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines Carolin Leutloff-Grandits
title_full_unstemmed	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines Carolin Leutloff-Grandits
title_short	Translocal care across Kosovo's borders
title_sort	translocal care across kosovo s borders reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
title_sub	reconfiguring kinship along gender and generational lines
topic	Familie (DE-588)4016397-0 gnd Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd
topic_facet	Familie Migration Westeuropa Opojë
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034713813&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV044395757
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