A brief history of the metric system: from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI
This book succinctly traces the history of the metric system from early modern proposals of decimal measures, to the birth of the system in Revolutionary France, through its formal international adoption under the supervision of an international General Committee of Weights and Measures (CGPM), to i...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham, Switzerland
Springer
[2023]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | SpringerBriefs in molecular science. History of chemistry
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This book succinctly traces the history of the metric system from early modern proposals of decimal measures, to the birth of the system in Revolutionary France, through its formal international adoption under the supervision of an international General Committee of Weights and Measures (CGPM), to its later expansion into the International System of Units (SI), currently formulated entirely in terms of physical constants. The wide range of human activities that employ weights and measures, from practical commerce to esoteric science, influenced both the development and the diffusion of the metric system. The roles of constants of nature in the formulation of the 18th-century metric system and in the 21st-century reformulation of the SI are described. Finally, the status of the system in the United States, the last major holdout against its everyday use, is also discussed. |
| Beschreibung: | Enthält Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 81 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783031284359 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction: Decimal Ideas before Revolutionary France -- Reform of Weights and Measures in Revolutionary France -- Metrication in France and Beyond: the Meter Goes International -- The Système International d’Unités (SI) of 1960 -- Changes in the SI from its Introduction (1960) to the Explicit-Constant Revision (2019) -- The Metric System and the United States. | |
| 520 | 3 | |a This book succinctly traces the history of the metric system from early modern proposals of decimal measures, to the birth of the system in Revolutionary France, through its formal international adoption under the supervision of an international General Committee of Weights and Measures (CGPM), to its later expansion into the International System of Units (SI), currently formulated entirely in terms of physical constants. The wide range of human activities that employ weights and measures, from practical commerce to esoteric science, influenced both the development and the diffusion of the metric system. The roles of constants of nature in the formulation of the 18th-century metric system and in the 21st-century reformulation of the SI are described. Finally, the status of the system in the United States, the last major holdout against its everyday use, is also discussed. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804186088355397633 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION:
DECIMAL
IDEAS BEFORE
REVOLUTIONARY
FRANCE
..........
1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
................................................
1
1.2 SIMON
STEVIN
AND
DECIMAL
ARITHMETIC
..........................
2
1.3
EARLY EXAMPLES
OF
PRACTICAL
DECIMAL
MEASURES
..................
3
1.4
THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT UNIVERSAL MEASURES
....................
4
1.5 WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
BRITISH PARLIAMENT
..................
7
1.6
NEW MEASURES
FOR
THE
NEW UNITED STATES?
......................
8
REFERENCES
......................................................
11
2 REFORM
OF
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE
..........
13
2.1
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
ANCIEN REGIME
.....................
13
2.2 WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
..............
14
2.3
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
UNDER
THE
CONVENTION
....................
18
2.4
THE
REPUBLICAN
CALENDAR
AND
DECIMAL
TIME
....................
20
2.5
THE METRIC PROJECT
AND
THE
REIGN
OF
TERROR
......................
24
2.6
RESUMPTION
OF
THE
PROJECT
AFTER
THE
TERROR
......................
26
2.7 COMPLETION
OF
THE
PROJECT:
THE DEFINITIVE METER
.................
27
REFERENCES
......................................................
29
3 METRICATION
IN FRANCE
AND
BEYOND:
THE
METER GOES INTERNATIONAL
...
31
3.1 METRICATION IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY
FRANCE
........................
31
3.2
METRICATION BEYOND FRANCE,
1851-1875
........................
34
3.3
THE METRE CONVENTION
OF
1875
AND
THE
INTERNATIONAL PROTOTYPES
....
37
REFERENCES
......................................................
39
4 THE
SYSTEME
INTERNATIONAL
D UNITES
(SI)
OF
1960
....................
41
4.1
THE
INTERNATIONAL
METROLOGY
REGIME
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.......................................
41
4.2
THE QUANTITY
TIME
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
................
43
4.3
TEMPERATURE
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
......................
45
4.4 ELECTRICAL
UNITS
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
...................
48
4.5
LUMINOUS INTENSITY
TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
................
51
IX
-P.
IBIIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE A
X
CONTENTS
REFERENCES
......................................................
52
5 CHANGES IN
THE
SI FROM ITS INTRODUCTION
(1960)
TO
THE
EXPLICIT-CONSTANT
REVISION
(2019)
...........................
55
5.1 THE
MOLE,
A
SEVENTH BASE
UNIT
................................
55
5.2 INCREMENTAL
CHANGES IN
THE
BASE
UNITS
.........................
60
5.3 THE EXPLICIT-CONSTANT
SI
.....................................
62
REFERENCES
......................................................
66
6
THE METRIC
SYSTEM
AND
THE
UNITED
STATES
..........................
69
6.1
INTRODUCTION:
THE
METRIC SYSTEM
IN
THE
US
TODAY
................
69
6.2 METRIC
CONVERSION IN
THE
US: A
DECISION
WHOSE TIME HAS
NOT
YET
COME
...............................................
70
6.3
CONCLUSION:
WHY IS
THE
US
STILL
NOT
PREDOMINANTLY
METRIC?
.......
77
REFERENCES
......................................................
78
INDEX
..............................................................
79
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION:
DECIMAL
IDEAS BEFORE
REVOLUTIONARY
FRANCE
.
1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.2 SIMON
STEVIN
AND
DECIMAL
ARITHMETIC
.
2
1.3
EARLY EXAMPLES
OF
PRACTICAL
DECIMAL
MEASURES
.
3
1.4
THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT UNIVERSAL MEASURES
.
4
1.5 WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
BRITISH PARLIAMENT
.
7
1.6
NEW MEASURES
FOR
THE
NEW UNITED STATES?
.
8
REFERENCES
.
11
2 REFORM
OF
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE
.
13
2.1
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
ANCIEN REGIME
.
13
2.2 WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
IN
THE
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
.
14
2.3
WEIGHTS
AND
MEASURES
UNDER
THE
CONVENTION
.
18
2.4
THE
REPUBLICAN
CALENDAR
AND
DECIMAL
TIME
.
20
2.5
THE METRIC PROJECT
AND
THE
REIGN
OF
TERROR
.
24
2.6
RESUMPTION
OF
THE
PROJECT
AFTER
THE
TERROR
.
26
2.7 COMPLETION
OF
THE
PROJECT:
THE DEFINITIVE METER
.
27
REFERENCES
.
29
3 METRICATION
IN FRANCE
AND
BEYOND:
THE
METER GOES INTERNATIONAL
.
31
3.1 METRICATION IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY
FRANCE
.
31
3.2
METRICATION BEYOND FRANCE,
1851-1875
.
34
3.3
THE METRE CONVENTION
OF
1875
AND
THE
INTERNATIONAL PROTOTYPES
.
37
REFERENCES
.
39
4 THE
SYSTEME
INTERNATIONAL
D'UNITES
(SI)
OF
1960
.
41
4.1
THE
INTERNATIONAL
METROLOGY
REGIME
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.
41
4.2
THE QUANTITY
TIME
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.
43
4.3
TEMPERATURE
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.
45
4.4 ELECTRICAL
UNITS
TO
THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.
48
4.5
LUMINOUS INTENSITY
TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
THE
SI
.
51
IX
-P.
IBIIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE'A
X
CONTENTS
REFERENCES
.
52
5 CHANGES IN
THE
SI FROM ITS INTRODUCTION
(1960)
TO
THE
EXPLICIT-CONSTANT
REVISION
(2019)
.
55
5.1 THE
MOLE,
A
SEVENTH BASE
UNIT
.
55
5.2 INCREMENTAL
CHANGES IN
THE
BASE
UNITS
.
60
5.3 THE EXPLICIT-CONSTANT
SI
.
62
REFERENCES
.
66
6
THE METRIC
SYSTEM
AND
THE
UNITED
STATES
.
69
6.1
INTRODUCTION:
THE
METRIC SYSTEM
IN
THE
US
TODAY
.
69
6.2 METRIC
CONVERSION IN
THE
US: A
DECISION
WHOSE TIME HAS
NOT
YET
COME
.
70
6.3
CONCLUSION:
WHY IS
THE
US
STILL
NOT
PREDOMINANTLY
METRIC?
.
77
REFERENCES
.
78
INDEX
.
79 |
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| contents | Introduction: Decimal Ideas before Revolutionary France -- Reform of Weights and Measures in Revolutionary France -- Metrication in France and Beyond: the Meter Goes International -- The Système International d’Unités (SI) of 1960 -- Changes in the SI from its Introduction (1960) to the Explicit-Constant Revision (2019) -- The Metric System and the United States. |
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| id | DE-604.BV049384088 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:59:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:05:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783031284359 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xi, 81 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
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| spelling | Giunta, Carmen Verfasser (DE-588)142161063 aut A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI Carmen J. Giunta Springer briefs Cham, Switzerland Springer [2023] ©2023 xi, 81 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier SpringerBriefs in molecular science. History of chemistry Enthält Literaturangaben Introduction: Decimal Ideas before Revolutionary France -- Reform of Weights and Measures in Revolutionary France -- Metrication in France and Beyond: the Meter Goes International -- The Système International d’Unités (SI) of 1960 -- Changes in the SI from its Introduction (1960) to the Explicit-Constant Revision (2019) -- The Metric System and the United States. This book succinctly traces the history of the metric system from early modern proposals of decimal measures, to the birth of the system in Revolutionary France, through its formal international adoption under the supervision of an international General Committee of Weights and Measures (CGPM), to its later expansion into the International System of Units (SI), currently formulated entirely in terms of physical constants. The wide range of human activities that employ weights and measures, from practical commerce to esoteric science, influenced both the development and the diffusion of the metric system. The roles of constants of nature in the formulation of the 18th-century metric system and in the 21st-century reformulation of the SI are described. Finally, the status of the system in the United States, the last major holdout against its everyday use, is also discussed. Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Metrisches System (DE-588)4169746-7 gnd rswk-swf Metrisches System (DE-588)4169746-7 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-031-28436-6 Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034711649&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Giunta, Carmen A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI Introduction: Decimal Ideas before Revolutionary France -- Reform of Weights and Measures in Revolutionary France -- Metrication in France and Beyond: the Meter Goes International -- The Système International d’Unités (SI) of 1960 -- Changes in the SI from its Introduction (1960) to the Explicit-Constant Revision (2019) -- The Metric System and the United States. Metrisches System (DE-588)4169746-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169746-7 |
| title | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI |
| title_alt | Springer briefs |
| title_auth | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI |
| title_exact_search | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI |
| title_full | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI Carmen J. Giunta |
| title_fullStr | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI Carmen J. Giunta |
| title_full_unstemmed | A brief history of the metric system from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI Carmen J. Giunta |
| title_short | A brief history of the metric system |
| title_sort | a brief history of the metric system from revolutionary france to the constant based si |
| title_sub | from revolutionary France to the constant-based SI |
| topic | Metrisches System (DE-588)4169746-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Metrisches System |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034711649&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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