Polish American history from 1854 to 2004: Volume 1 Polish American history before 1939
"The history of private lives of first and second generations of Polish immigrants in the U.S., viewed from the perspective of migrants themselves. What did the migrants do? How did they behave? How protagonists (men, women, children) with their own words presented their experience? Their exper...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York ; London
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2023
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge advances in American history
24 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The history of private lives of first and second generations of Polish immigrants in the U.S., viewed from the perspective of migrants themselves. What did the migrants do? How did they behave? How protagonists (men, women, children) with their own words presented their experience? Their experience is compared with the one of the other groups. The book discusses migration processes, neighborhoods' formation, experiences at work, daily and family lives, functioning of parishes and tensions related to it, construction of people's identities and their constant reformulations. Migrants created mutual aid societies, which played economic, but also ideological and political role. Experiences of immigrants' children at home and at school are presented, mostly in their own words and from their own perspective. Cultural activities reflect constant changes of groups self-identity. The book also depicts the relations between the Polish migrants and members of other ethnic groups - in the streets, public spaces, in politics, and within the Catholic church. People lived in pluri-cultural, culturally diverse contexts, thus relations with "the others" were complex. The panorama ends in the year 1939, when after the Great Depression the group entered into the new period of transformation during the war." |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 449 Seiten 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781032343518 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations and Archival Materials List of Boxes vii ix xiii Introduction 1 1 From Seasonal Migrations to Permanent Departures to “Hameryka” 8 2 Establishing Polish American Neighborhoods 51 3 “We Have Had Enough of the Over-Praised American Freedom” - Work and “Americanization” from the Bottom Up 88 4 Love and Anger: Private Lives behind Closed Doors 120 5 Polonia Parishes, Parishioners, and the American Roman Catholic Church, 1854-1939 149 6 Constructing Identity and Charting Ethnic Boundaries: Polonia’s Organizations and Societies 190 7 We’re Polish: Children and Youth at School and in the Streets 242 8 Crescendo: From the Great War to Great Post-War Changes: 1914-1924 284
vi Contents 9 Two Decades of Change: The Roaring Twenties, Mass Consumption, and the Great Depression 10 (Re)Shaping Identity after the Great War Bibliography Index 313 359 389 431
Bibliography Newspapers and Periodicals Ameryka Ameryka Echo Cleveland Plain Dealer Dwutygodnik katolicki i duszpasterski Dziennik Bydgoski Dziennik Chicagoski Dziennik Ludowy Dziennik Zjednoczenia Dziennik Zwiqzkowy Echo Mlodziezy Ekonomia Ekonomista Gazeta Lwowska Gazeta Polska w Chicago Glos Narodu Glos Polek Gornik Codzienny Gôrnik Polski Gwiazda Gwiazda Polarna Jutrzenka Kurier Clevelandski Kurier Ilustrowany Kurier Polski Materialy Statystyczne Miesiçcznik Parafii sw. Stanislawa B. i Μ. w Cleveland, Ohio Monitor Clevelandski Narôd Polski Niedziela Nowa Reforma Nowiny Minnesockie Nowy Swiat
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392 Bibliography Baily, Samuel L.; Franco Ramella (eds.). One Family, Two Worlds: An Italian Family’s Correspondence across Atlantic, 1901-1922 (New Brunswick-London: Rutgers University Press, 1988). Baines, Dudley. Emigration from Europe 1815-1930 (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni versity Press, 1995). Baines, Dudley. “European Emigration 1815-1930: Looking at the Emigration Decisions Again,” Economic History Review, 47(1994): 525-544. Bak, Al. “Polish Contribution to Social Welfare in Chicago,” in Poles of Chicago. 1837-1937. A History of One Century of Polish Contribution to the City of Chicago, Leo T. Zglensky (ed.) (Chicago, IL: Pol. Pageant, 1937): 116-120. Balch, Emily Greene, Our Slavic Fellow Citizens (New York: Arno Press, 1969 [reprint from Charities Publ. Committee, New York, 1910]. Balch, Emily Greene. Our Slavic Fellow Citizens (New York: Charities Publication Committee, 1970). Baldassar, Loretta; Gabaccia Donna R. “Home, Family, and the Italian Nation in a Mobile World: The Domestic, and the National among Italy’s Migrants,” in Intimacy and Italian Migration. Gender and Domestic Lives in a Mobile World, Loretta Baldassar and Donna R. Gabaccia (eds.) (New York: Fordham Univer sity, 2011), 1-22. Baldassaro, Lawrence. “Italian Americans in Sport” in William Connell, Stanislao Pugliese (eds.), The Routledge History of Italian Americans (New York-London: Routledge, 2018), 464-478. Banks, Ann (ed.) First Person America (New York: Knopf, 1980). Barkai, Avraham. Branching Out: German-Jewish Immigration in the United States 1820-1914 (New York: Holmes and Meir, 1994).
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Bibliography 393 Barton, Joseph. Peasants and Strangers: Italians, Romanians and Slovaks in an American City (Cambridge, 1975). Baxandall, Rosalyn; Gordon Linda; Susan Reverby (eds.) America’s Working Women. A Documentary History -1600 to the Present, (New York: Vintage Books, 1976). Bencivenni, Marcella. “From Margins to Vanguard to Mainstream. Italian Ameri cans and the Labor Movement,” in The Routledge History of Italian Americans William J. Connell, Stanislao G. Pugliese (eds) (New York-London: Routledge, 2018), 268-285. Berrol, Selma C. Growing Up American. Immigrant Children in America. Then and Now (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995). Biernacka, Maria; Bronislawa Kopczynska-Jaworska (eds.). Etnografia Polski. Przemiany kultury ludowej (Wroclaw: Ossolineum, 1976). Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. American Polonia and the Resurrection of Independent Poland, 1914-1919 (The Fiodorczyk Lecture Series, Polish Studies Center Con necticut State University, 1989). Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. “Kosciuszko, We are Here?”: American Volunteers for Poland and the Polish-Russian War, 1918-1920,” in Stanislaus A. Blejwas, Mieczyslaw B. Biskupski (eds.), Pastor of the Poles: Polish American Essays Presented to Right Reverend Monsignor John P. Wodarski (New Britain, CT: Central Connecticut State University, 1982), 182-204. Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. “Paderewski as Leader of American Polonia, 19141918,” “Polish American Studies”, 48(1986, no 1): 37-56. Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. “Recreating Central Europe: The United States Inquiry into the Future of Poland in 1918,” The International History
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Index Abbot, Edith 67 Aberdeen, WA 52 acculturation 3, 5, 27; and Polish ethnic schools 256-257; clothing and 125; of Polish immigrants 90, 260; of Polish immigrants after World War I 322, 337-338, 369, 367-374, 379, 382; Polish clergy approach to 165, 182 Accursia, Mary S. 59 Addams, Jane 265, 268, 270 African Americans 3,13, 51, 76, 90, 96,132, 267, 306,315-316; relations with Poles 75-76, 90, 108, 267, 315-316 Akaliszki (Sakaliske) 21 Alexander II 33, 384 Alinsky, Saul David 59 All-Slavic Singing Festival 370 Alliance Charity Committee 340 Alliance College, PA 259 Alliance of Clubs of Little Poland 374 Alliance of Poles in America 205 Alliance of Poles in the State of Ohio 205, 303 Alliance of Polish Locals Socialist Labor Party 222-223 Alliance of Polish Military Societies 290 Alliance of Polish Socialists Abroad 223 Alroey, Gur 33 Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America 111, 327 Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America 105, 107 American Boys Scout Association 260; see also Zwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego American Committee for the Defense of Poland 288 American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs 372 American exceptionalism 2, 12-14 American Federation of Labor 88, 92, 105-106, 347 American Polish Relief Committee of New York 29, 292 American Red Cross 288 American Relief Administration 288 Americanization 13, 305; among Poles after World War I 359, 375; and mass consumption 330; employers’ policy of 111-112; from the bottom up 89; in Roman Catholic Church 153, 179-180; of Polish children 228, 244, 250, 254, 256, 269, 315; policy during World War I 296;
reflected in clothing 125 Anczyc, Wladyslaw L. 374 Andrzejkowicz, Juliusz 198, 201 Andziolôwka 129 Anielewski, Henryk 62, 95 Anker, Laura 137 Ansonia, CT 99 Antin, Mary 335 antisemitism 32-34, 316 Argentina 12,14,197 Arkansas 211, 212, 215
432 Index Asia 15, 30, 306 assimilation 3,13, 27,197, 203, 305, 322, 364; see also acculturation Associated Catholic Charities of Chicago 274 Associated Pilsudski Committees of America 317, 318 Association of the Sons of Poland 206 Atlantic economy system 2, 10, 16, 19, 40 Auburn, NY 35, 37-38, 68, 70, 95, 121,131,135, 219 Aust, Ryszard 174 Australia 12,14,15, 32 Austria 18, 24, 99, 225, 289, 291; emigration from 31-32 Austrian Poland see Galicia Austro-Hungary 16, 26 Babica 9,18, 39, 302 Bacharach, Simon 273 Back of the Yards see Chicago Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council 79, 182 Baily, Samuel L. 17 Baines, Dudley 14, 40 Bakanowski, Adolf 156 Bakke, Wight 345 Balch, Emily Greene 122,125, 132 Baltimore, MD 23, 111, 152,161, 210, 248 Bandera, TX 154 Barrett, James R. 1, 3, 4, 89,103, 112—113 Barszcz, Ignacy 176 Barthel-Weydenthal, Jerzy T. 321 Barzynski, Jan 193,195, 211, 243 Barzyhski, Jozef 158 Barzynski, Michal 156 Barzydski, Wincenty 157-160,170, 176,177,177-178,182,192, 211, 272, 363 Bay City, MI 205 Bayonne, NJ 76,174 Beaubien, MI 103 Beigert, Jan 165 Belarus 32, 33, 201 Bella, Igor 305 Bellair, MI 57 Bellamy, George 268, 270 Benkowski, C. J. 296 Berlin 18, 20, 22 Bernadine order see religious orders Beskid 9, 52,127 birth control 130-131,134-135 Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. 286, 291, 295, 303 Blandrowski, Konstanty 191 Blaszczyk, Leon T. 372 Blazek, Celia 76 Blejwas, Stanislaus A. 190,198, 228, 230, 349, 350 Blossburg, PA 284 Blue Army see Polish Army in France boarding system 68; among Polish immigrants 68-72,121 Bocek, Elizabeth 129 Bocek, Joseph 123, 339 Boirowski,
Pawel 63 Bôjnowski, Lucjan 164-165,180,182, 274 Boleslawski, Ryszard 366 Bona, Stanislaw W. 178 Borgess, Caspar Henry 56, 167 Borkowski, Jozef A. 290 Boron, Feliks 18 Borst, Homer 64 Boryslav (Boryslaw) 40 Boston, MA 51, 178, 207, 262, 343, 363; violence in 139 Boyarin, Jonathan 33 Brandeis, Louis D. 316 Breckenridge, Sophonishba P. 67 Bremen 20-23, 36,120 Bremerhaven 22 Brest 22 Breton, Raymond 5, 284 Brettell, Caroline 42 Bridgeport, CT 55, 76, 297, 305, 376 Brinkman, Tobias 33, 200, 211, 220-221 Brodowski, Zbigniew Edmund 65 Brody 18 Brooklyn, NY 51,113, 121, 206, 227, 333, 3 72, 376 Brophy, Joseph 90 Brozek, Andrzej 52, 155,192,193, 198, 229, 319 Brudzinski, Ignacy 364 Bubacz, Stephen 267 Bucki, Celia 305 Buczek, Daniel 155,159,164,180
Index 433 Budapest 9, 10 Budzynska, Maria 222 Buffalo, NY 55, 63, 286; independent church in 173, 175; Our Lady of Rosemary church 173; Poles in 51; Poles in Catholic Church 159-160,170,178; Polish ethnic businesses in 322, 326; Polish ethnic organizations in 205; Polish ethnic theaters in 363; Polish musicians in 374; Polish radio shows in 381; St. Adalbert parish 60; St. Stanislaus В Μ parish 159; work in 110-111 Bujak, Franciszek 10,11, 16 Bukowski, Jan 190 Burant, Feliks 274 Burba, Aleksander 176 Burgess, Ernest 360 Burke, Williams Mary 139, 336 Busko Zdrôj 43 Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) 56 Byington, Margaret J. 121-122 Cahan, Abraham 215 Cahensly, Peter 176 Calumet, MI 122 Cambridge Springs, PA 259, 295 Camden, NJ 109,110 Campau, MI 57 Canada 12,14, 30,123, 314, 382; Polish Army in 288; Polish National Catholic Church in 175; radio in 380; Resurrectionists in 156 Capone, Al 335 Carey, Patrick 161 Carnegie, Andrew 292 Caro, Leopold 23, 24 Carpati family 137 Cassettari (Cavalieri), Rosa 124 Central Falls, RI 137 Cerase, Francesco Paolo 300 Cermak, Anton 77, 350 chain migrations 9,17, 35, 52, 56, 135,155, 202 charity assistance to Poland during and after World War I 291-293 Charity Society (Towarzystwo Dobroczynnosci in Chicago) 340 Checofski, Leon 132 Chicago Area Project 267 Chicago Commons 252-253 Chicago German Society 54 Chicago, IL 51, 53; Back-of-the-Yards 55, 61, 65-68, 77, 79, 91, 113,182, 266, 272,316, 324, 335, 340, 378; criminality in 75, 335; Czechs in 54-55, 67, 71,76-77,103,111; garment industry in 99, 103, 105, 110-111; Jews in 78, 79; Germans in 53-55, 77,155;
Great Depression 339-344; Holy Holy Trinity parish 157-158, 250, 342, 344, 349; Immaculate Conception church 132; independent churches in 173,175; juvenile delinquency 137, 263-267, 336; Our Lady of Czçstochowa parish 205; Poles in 51, 53-55, 60-62,133; Poles in Catholic Church 152, 155-160; Poles in internal city politics 220-233, 246; Polish radio comedies in 378-381; Polish theater in 362-385; Polish professionals in 320322, 324, 326; polka music in 376-377; rivalry between two Polish ideological camps 191195,198-199; Rosary Church 173; St. Boniface church 53; St. Hedwig parish 158, 173; St. John Cantius parish 126, 251; St. John of God parish 179; St. Michael parish 155, 267; St. Stanislaus Kostka parish 54, 64-65,156-157, 248, 255, 273, 340; Smulski, Jan 287-288; “Stanislawowo” 64-65; stockyards 55, 65-68, 93-94, 96, 99,101-103, 105-107,113,181,216; St. Wenceslas parish 155; taxi dancers 333-334; work in 88, 90, 94, 96, 99; see also names of ethnic organizations, Polish Commune; Resurrectionists Chicago Polish Arts Club 372 Chicopee Falls, MA 97,174
434 Index Children 242-275; child labor 216, 247-248, 250; education of 217-218,242-256, 259-263; in public schools 243-247, 249; Italian 246-247; Jewish 247; Polish 242-275; see also juvenile delinquency Children Aid Society 270 Chinese in America 30,124, 247, 306, 334 Chinese Exclusion Act 30 Chmielinska, Stefania 216 Chrostowski, Alfons 128,171, 364 churches see specific locations Cierniak, Jçdrzej 375, 378 Ciesielski, Max 376 Cincinnati, OH 51,168, 273 Cinotto, Simone 124 Cisleithania 26 Cleveland, OH 55, 61-62, 76, 315; American patriotism during World War I 297-298; All Nations Exibition 370; city politics in 230; criminality in 75; Cultural Gardens 370; Czechs in 57, 76,173, 296-297, 369; emigrants from Galicia in 58; Germans in 76, 297; family violence in 128; Great Depression 346; Immaculate Heart of Mary church 172; juvenile delinquency in 263, 266-267; Jews in 77-78; orphanages 271, 274; Poles as members of Roman Catholic Church 162-163,167,170-173; Poles in 51, 57-58, 63, 79, 113; Polish ethnic leaders in 209-210, 291, 296, 298; Polish ethnic organizations in 201, 205; Polish middle class in 209-210, 32; Polish theaters in 363; Progress City 270; Slavic Alliance of 369; St. Casimir parish 58; St. John Cantius parish 63,113, 129,163; St. Joseph’s church 57; St. Mary ‘s on the Flats church 57; St. Stanislaus B. Μ. parish 57,113,167,170-173, 303, 324; sports in 367; strikes in 99-100; see also Hiram House, Kolaszewski Antoni, Rolling Mill Company Cleveland Worsted Mill 296 Clinton, IN 133 Clothing as measure of migrants’ success 125-126, 329, 331332, 335-336 Cohen,
Lizabeth 327, 336, 341, 344 Cohen, Robin 32, 359, 371, 382 Collomp, Catherine 29 Committee Against the High Cost of Living 346 Committee of National Defense in America see Komitet Obrony Narodowej, KON common laborers 91, 94, 246; see also unskilled workers Communist Party USA 347 Communists 107, 347; and children 274; Polish-American 166, 182, 347 Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 22 Congress of Industrial Organizations 346-348 Congress of Polish Emigration see Emigration Congress Congress Poland 10-11, 73, 99, 228, 244,290, 292; demographic growth 11; emigration agents in 23; emigration economic consequences to 40; emigration to the U.S. 32, 127, 205; Jews in 32-33, 79; seasonal migrations from 19, 40-41; socialists in 222-224; volume of emigration to the U.S. 26 Connecticut: Poles in 51, 137, 297; Polish farmers in 52, 69; Polish musicians in 376; Polish parishes in 127,129,152,156, 164, 274; strikes in 99, 109; see also specific locations conviviality 3 Cook County Bureau of Public Welfare 341 Corrigan, Michael 152 Council of Polish Organizations (Rada Polonii Amerykafiskiej) 319 Covello, Leonard 246
Index 435 Coveleski, Stan (Kowalewski, Stanislaw) 368 créolisation 359-360, 371, 382 Cressey, Paul G. 140, 333-334 Crimean War 59 Croatians 122,190, 369 Cuba 212 Cunard Line 22 Cuyahoga County War Savings Committee 296 Cwikôw 69, 74 Cygan, Mary E. 222, 362-363, 376, 378,381 Cyganiewicz, Zbyszko 386 Cyryla, S. Μ. see Tobaka, Magdalena Czarkowski, Karol 75 Czarny Dunajec 190 Czechs 190, 225; in the US 3, 76, 77,100,175, 268, 270, 272, 300, 337; see also Chicago, Cleveland Czernichôw 18 Czolgosz, Leon 128, 223 Czyzewski, Walenty 163,175-176 D’Arcy McGee, Thomas 214 Dubrowa Tarnowska 69 Dabrowski, Jozef Henryk 164,167168, 249 Dakota: North 52, 212; South 52 Dangel, Stanislaw 298 Daniels, Roger 28 Daszynska-Golihska, Zofia 24 de Crévecoeur, Hector St. Jean 13 Dearborn, MI 346 Death Fund of the Polish Delaware Society 206 Dçbski, Aleksander 224, 290, 317 Demick, Frieda 78 Democratic Society of Polish Exiles in America 191 Demusz Kozaczka, Waleria 343 Denmark: migrations to 10 Derdowski, Hieronim 220 Detroit, MI 55, 63; automobile industry in 103, 330, 346-34 Flappers 7; birth control in 134; boarding system in 70; children in 247, 254; Great Depression in 338-339; immigration of Poles to 9, 89, 167; juvenile delinquency in 263; Poles in 51, 55-58, 95,123, 312, 328; Polish ethnic businesses in 313-314, 323, 325-326; Polish ethnic organizations in 206; Polish relations with African Americans 17, 76, 90; Polish Roman Catholics in 167-170, 178, 193; Polish theaters in 363, 381; polka music in 377; St. Adalbert parish 57, 167-170; St. Joseph Church 56; Seminary of the Felician Sisters
257; Sweetest Heart of Mary church 169; see also Ford Motor Company diaspora: definitions 3-4; Jewish 32; role in re-establishment of Polish independence 285-286, 293-294 Dickinson City, PA 174 Dillingham, William P. 27-28, 228 Diner, Hasia 2, 3 Dluzyfiski, Teodor 296 Dmowski, Roman 181,197, 289, 294-295,316 Domagala, Bozena 153 domestic violence 75,137-142, 265, 217 Doppke, Franciszek 163 Drzewucki, W. 110 Duda Dziewierz, Krystyna 9 Dudek, Aniela 9 Dudek, Pawel 9 Dudzik, Jôzefina (S. Maria Teresa) 272 Duffy, Mickey (Cusick, W. Μ.) 335 Dufoix, Stephan 32 Dukla, Franciszek 376 Duluth, MN 133 Dunikowski-Habdank, Emil 58, 63, 163, 210, 242, 251 Dunin, Mieczyslaw Stanislaw (Stach Radio) 255 Duquesne, PA 10 Duryea, PA 20,174 Dyniewicz, Wladyslaw 3, 54-55, 195, 211,219, 257, 287, 365 Dyszynski 75 Dzialyn 121 Dzierozynski, Franciszek 158 Dzikôw 73 Dziupla family 329 Dziupla, Joseph 336
436 Index Elbe River 19 Elzbietôw 162 Emergency Quota Act 30 Emigrants for Themselves 303-305 emigration agents 22-25, 29 Emigration Diets (Sejms) 298, 304 Emigration Congress in Detroit 181, 298 Eminowicz, Tadeusz Dolçga 364, 366 Eminowicz-Waldo, Stefania 364 Endecja see National Democracy England 8, 22, 286, 295 Erdmans, Mary P. 329 Erickson, Charlotte 33 Estreicher, Karol 362 ethnic businesses: Jewish 317; Polish 67, 76,139,168, 203, 208210, 216, 232, 284, 287-288, 304, 313-314, 320, 325-326; Polish financial institutions 208-209, 287-288, 321-322, 325, 338, 340; relations with Poland 321, 323-324; rivalry with American chains 324; see also ethnic middle class ethnic gangs 262-268, 335-337 everyday rituals in ethnic groups 151, 154, 181, 337-338, 360, 371 Factory Child Act 248 Farley, John S. 292 Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada 30, 92 Federation of Polish Arts Clubs 372 Federation of Polish Jews in America (Federation of Polish Hebrews) 317 Feehan, Patrick 151, 272 Felician Sisters see religious orders Fiedor, Edward 52 Fifalski, Wladyslaw 126 Figura, George 333 Finkelstein, Barbara 244 Finns: in Duluth, MN 133 Fiszler (Fischler), Wladyslaw 222-223 Fitzpatrick, John 107-108 Five Dollar Day 112 Flappers 332-335 Foley John J. 169 folklorism 373-377, 379; Polish 373377; see also polka music Fons, Louis 368 food in ethnic communities 120-125, 313-314, 324, 329, 331, 338, 370 Foran Act 30 Ford, Henry 103-104,112, 339 Ford Motor Company 103-104,112113, 330, 339, 348; English School 112; Sociological Department 112 Ford Republic
270 foremen 88, 92, 96, 327; German 97; Irish 97, 343; Polish 96-97 Fort Niagara, NY 206 Foster, William Z. 107 Foundry Workers Union 88 France 14, 22, 33,109, 290, 294-295, 296; migrations of Poles to 10, 42,157,197 Francic, Miroslaw 290, 317 Franciscans see religious orders Franciscan Sisters of Blessed Kunegunda see religious orders fraternal ethnic organizations see specific names Free Falcons 227, 229 Fritz, Angela 140 Fronczak, Antoni 286 Gabaccia, Donna R. 2,13,14 Galicia 16-18, 34,161,204, 225, 289-290, 303, 374; consequences of American emigrations in 40, 71; emigrants from in Cleveland 76; emigrants from in Detroit 167-168; emigrants from in Pennsylvania 78-79, 166; emigration agents in 23-25; emigration to America from 5,10, 26,31-32, 34; Jews in 32-33, 79; reactions of politicians to emigrations 196-197; seasonal migrations to Germany 10,18-19, 23, 89, 190 Galush, William J. 57, 64, 126,129, 199, 250, 271 Galveston, TX 231
Index 437 Gans, Herbert J. 123, 360 Gardens of Culture 370 Gartner, Lloyd P. 33 Gary, IN 98,108 G^siorowski, Waclaw 295 Gawrohski, Waclaw 261, 319 Gebert, Boleslaw 166, 347 General Committee for Assistance to Victims of War in Poland 291 Genoa, Italy 22 George, William R. 269 Gerber, David 161 Germans 258, 292; emigration to the U.S. 28, 32; in the U.S. 54-55, 58, 75-77,122,128,163,194, 213, 215,297, 329,368,377 Germany 8,14, 18-19, 22, 56,197, 288-289, 296; emigration from 10, 28,31-32,137, 213, 248; New Germany in America 212213; population growth in 11 Gibbons, James 152 Gieryk, Teodor 167, 193 Giessner Gesellschaft 213 Giller, Agaton 196,198, 200 Gilmour, Richard 162 Glaza brothers 210 Glen Lyon, PA 39 Gmina Polska see Polish Commune Goldman, Emma 128 Gordon, Linda 139, 265 Grajewski Sypniewski, Mary 130 Gramlewicz, Ignacy Bonawentura 165-166, 170 Grand Rapids, MI 178, 329, 339 Grasinski, Helen 329, 339 Grasinski, Joseph 329, 339 Great Migration 315 Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) see Prussian Poland Greeks 77, 124, 297 Greene, Victor R. 176 Grey Samaritans 299 Grocholski, Edmund 314 Groniowski, Krzysztof 180, 181, 231 Grudzihski, Ludwik 179, 273 Grutza, Wilhelm 161-162, 287 Gryglaszewski, Franciszek 199 Gunkel, Ann H. 376-377 Gurowski, Adam 191 Guzik, Jake 335 Haiman, Mieczyslaw 373 Hajdukiewicz, Ludwik (Wladyslaw?) 59 Haller, Jozef 296; see also Polish Army in France Hamburg 20, 21, 22, 24, 25 Hamburg America Line 22, 24 Hamtramck, MI 112,134, 265, 328, 348, 374; economic crises in 338-339, 341 Handlin, Oscar 12, 13 Hanna, Mark 79 Hannover 20, 167 Haratyk, Joseph 52
Hart Schaffner Marx 103 Hartford, CT 164 Hartman, Gary 203 Hatton, Timothy J. 15 Havre 22 Hawaii plantations 24 Hawes, Joseph Μ. 1 Hazelton, PA 59 health 133-136 Herse, Karol 321, 326 Hietala, Marjatta 12 Higham, John 28 Highland Park, MI 103,112 Hilliards, MI 126 Hillman, Sidney 111 Hiner, N. Ray 1 Hinkelman, Aleksander 317 Hiram House, Cleveland 266, 268-269 Hoban, Michael John 174 Hobsbawm, Eric 91 Hodur, Franciszek 174, 202 Hoffman, Joseph 58 Hofstadter, Richard 89 Holy Family of Nazareth Order see religious orders homeland: ideological 199, 360, 362; private 190,199, 300, 360, 362 Homestead, PA 121 Hoover, Herbert 316, 349 Horain, Julian 210 Horodlo County 18 Horstmann, Ignatius Frederick 142-143,149,170,173 Horwitz-Walecki, Maksymilian 224 House, Edward 294
438 Index housing 63-68, 71, 73, 328-329; home ownerships among Poles in America 328-329, 338-339 Howe, Irving 33 Hughes, John 214 Hull House 268 Humeniuk, Pawel 378 Hungarians see Magyars Hungary 26, 31, 40, 41,133,190, 318; see also Austro-Hungary Hunkies 73, 90, 96,123,128 Hunter, Robert 65 Hyde Park, MA 181 Iciek, Stanislaw A. 323 Illinois Birth Control League 134 Ilza 382 immigration restrictions 27, 29-31, 306-307; post World War I 30-31 Immigration Restriction League 31 inbetween peoples 4, 90 Indianapolis, IN 210 Industrial Workers of the World 105106, 224 insurance organizations see specific names Inter-Racial Council 92 interethnic contacts in the cities and towns see specific locations and groups International Workers Order 347 Investigating Committee of the City Homes Association 65 Ireland 8 Ireland, John 153, 214 Irish: as foremen 97, 343; children of 247-248, 270; emigration of 3, 8; in America 75,123,137, 219, 345, 286, 297, 328, 361; in American Roman Catholic Church 28,152,154-156,163, 169,171,174; in Chicago 53, 67, 79, 107-108; in Cleveland 57, 58, 76-77; in Detroit 76; in Pennsylvania 58; in politics 231; Irish-Polish conflict in Church 163,171-172, 175,181-182; national consciousness of 199; on farms 214; relations with Poles 59-60, 128,152, 268,297, 316, 343, 361; “whiteness” of 306 Irish Catholic Benevolent Union 214 Irish Catholic Colonization Association 214 Istebna 9-10,127 Italians 3,124; and the church 145, 149,153-154,175, 182; children of 246-247, 254, 257, 261-263, 266-268; in the U.S. 3, 69, 75, 76, 77, 96,121,123, 129,133,137,175,182,194,
215, 231, 244, 286,297, 306, 368, 371; juvenile delinquency among 263, 266-267; national consciousness of 199; padrone 24; return migration 300-301; strikes of 100,104,106 Italy 8,15, 40, 124, 152, 247, 318; emigration from 3,15,24,124 Jack the Roller 266 Jackson, Andrew 214 Jamestown 4 Janowski, Karol 125, 223 Jahski, Boleslaw 156 Januszewski, Franciszek 323 Japanese 3, 30, 305-306 Jaroszynska-Kirchmann, Anna D. 194 Jaworzynka 9 Jax, Antoni 364-365 Jensen, Cecile Wendt 313-314, 332 Jerome, Harry 14 Jersey City, NJ. 174,176, 206, 326 Jerusalem 18 Jerzmanowski, Erazm 210 Jesuits see religious orders Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 300 Jews 3, 33, 78-79, 203, 306; children and settlement houses 268270; children’s work 247; education of children 245, 259; emigration to America 18, 26, 31, 32-34; food in Jewish families in America 124; from Hungary 79; gang members 266, 267; human assistance to communities in Europe 300; in Austria 20, 31; in Congress
Index 439 Poland 26, 32; in Prussian Poland 18, 26; in the U.S. 76-79,106, 323, 329; juvenile delinquency among 266-267; on American farms 214-215; periodicals for children 273; pogroms 32-33, 316; relations with Poles 77-79, 200, 203, 209, 221,266, 316-317, 342343; return migration of 34 Johnson, S. C. 314 Johnston, Jack 107 Johnstown, PA 61, 76, 78-79,133 Joseph Conrad Literary Club 371 Junior Republics 269-270 juvenile delinquency 75, 218, 262-268, 336-337 Juvenile Protective Association 334 Kaczyhski, Chuck 172 Kaerger, Karl 19 Kajsiewicz, Hieronim 156 Kalenski, Edmund 321 Kalussowski, Henryk 191, 196, 211 Kamihski, Stefan 173, 175 Kania, Jozef 373 Kantor, Ryszard 374 Kantor, Tadeusz 363, 378-380 Kantowicz, Edward R. 176, 190, 231 Kaplowitz, Frank 60 Karch, Karolina 52,127 Karczyhski, Aleksander 376 Karvinâ: seasonal migrations to 10, 89 Kashubes 56, 155,168, 201 Kasilewicz, Agnieszka 340 Kqty Rakszawskie 130 Kaunas 22 Kielce 43 Kikulski, Jan 107-108,110 Kinde, MI 62 Kingdom of Poland see Congress Poland Kiolbassa (Kielbasa), Piotr 53, 55,156, 211,231,232-233 Klawiter, Antoni 160 Kleczka, Kazimierz 349 Klemencic, Matjaz 317 Klier, John 33 Klonowski, Teofil 166 Klos, Jan see Nesterowicz, Melania 74, 332 Knawa, Anna Maria 271 Knights of Labor 30, 92, 233 Kniola, Michael P. 209, 296, 369 Kobielusz, Thomas 10 Kodis, Teodor 202 Kolasihski, Dominik 167-170 Kolaszewski, Antoni F. 57,163, 170-173 Kolinski, Andrzej A. 100-101,165, 176, 322 Kolihski, Dennis 132 Kolodziejczyk 56 Komitet Obrony Narodowej 289-291 Kon, Feliks 224 Koniakôw 9,10,127 Konopnicka, Maria 228 Kooi, WY
127,132 Koronowski, Ludwik 120 Koscierzyna 56 Kosciuszko Army 295 Kosciuszko Foundation 373 Kosciuszko League 182 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus 4, 172, 194, 199, 208, 229,284 Kosihski, Jan 254 Kotecki, Louis 233 Koudelka, Joseph 173 Kowalec, Jozef 75 Kowalski, A. F. 210 Kowalski, August J 232 Kowalski, Grzegorz Maria 23, 25 Kozakiewicz, Maksymilian 337 Kozlowski, Antoni 158,173 Kozlowski, Edward 178 Krajina 31 Krakow 10,17,18, 22, 24,130,157, 158,191, 196, 211,284, 332 Krasowski, Wladyslaw 364 Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy 196, 198, 209 Krawiec, Jan 322 Krok, Maria 313 Krôlikowski, Ed 376 Kromkowska, Rozalia 123 Kruszka, Michal 220, 233, 255 Kruszka, Waclaw 52, 55-56, 64-65, 162,167-170,173,177-178, 180, 201, 230, 233, 302 Krzycki, Leo 110, 347 Krzywa 8
440 Index Krzywicki, Ludwik 17, 24, 63, 65, 103,208,212 Krzyzanowski, Wlodzimierz 191 Ksiçze Wielkie 43 Kubiak, Hieronim 174 Kucharska, Stanislawa 110, 327 Kula, Marcin 120, 200, 286 Kulakowski, Bronislaw 290 Kumor, Boleslaw 127 Kunz, Stanley Henry 233 Kuzma-Markowska, Sylwia 134,142, 300, 341 Kuznetz, Simon 33 Kwasigroch. Andrzej 362 LaBuy, Michael S. 287 Lagowski, Wojciech 8 Lamka, Konstanty 199 Laricut 34, 36 Länderer, Abraham Izrael 25 Lange, Jan 267 Latosiedzicz 329 Laudon, Gabriela 216 Laudyn, Stefania 252-253 Lawczynski Rev. 105 Lawrence, MA 109, 123,137, 248 Lay Priests Association 179 Lazarz, Joe 376 Leach, William 330 Leboutte, René 20 Ledôchowski, Mieczyslaw 174,177 Legocki, Magdalena 10, 132 Leisersen, William 93 Lçki Dolne 378 Lemke, Jan 56, 168 Lemkos 31, 204 Leo XIII177 Lewandowski, Stanislaw 58 Lewandowski, Walter 245 Lewis, John J. 347 Lewison, Pawel 224 Liberty Bonds 110, 296-297 Libau (Liepäja) 18 Lipihski, Julian 196 Lithuania 32, 80, 111, 198, 200; Jews in 32-33, 79, 80 Lithuanians: immigration to the US 3, 21, 31, 69, 79,104,106,128, 134, 286,297, 367; as strikers 103-104,106, 111; children of 247, 254,270; in Chicago 55, 66-68, 79,103,133,175-176, 202; in Cleveland 76, 78, 205; in Pennsylvania 59,156,176, 202, 205; relations with Poles 76,156,175-176, 200-203, 205, 226 Little Republics see Junior Republics Liverpool 22 Lodge, Henry Cabot 228 Lossowski, Piotr 202 Lowell, MA 174, 350 Lozinsky, Mr. and Mrs. 139-140 Lozinsky, Steve 139, 336 Ljubljana 22 Lukaszkiewicz, Czeslaw 128 Luxemburg, Rose 225 Luzerne County, PA 233 Lwôw (Lviv, Lemberg) 10, 22, 58,
229, 284; pogrom 1918 316 Magyars: in the US 31, 69, 79,133, 175,194, 270, 297 Mahler, Raphael 32 Majewski, Karen 127-128, 134, 151, 361 Majewski, Kazimierz 364, 378-379, 381 Majewski, Rose 341 Makowski, Krzysztof A. 32 Maksymowicz, Anitta 32 Malinowski, Emil 325 Manhattan, N.Y. 38, 51, 63, 222, 274, 333 March, Herbert 79 Marcus, Joseph 300-301 marriages among immigrants 126129, 130, 136-137; see also weddings Marseille 22 Marshall, Louis 316 Maryahski, Modest 287 mass consumption during 1920s 329332, 335-360 Massachusetts 51, 52, 73, 275; see also specific locations Maszkienice 10 Matejko, Jan 360 Matouszek, Aleksander 158 Matthews, Nathalie 336 Matuszonek, Roman 322 Matzel 79
Index 441 Mayor’s Advisory War Committee, Cleveland 296; Americanization Committee of 296 Mazovia 20, 32,181 McDowell, Mary 268 McQuaid, Bernard J. 152,221 Mecklenburg 19 Meegan, Joseph 79 Meriden, CT 156; St. Lawrence parish 156 Meyer III, Stephen 113 Michalek, Tom 21,127 Michalowska 142 Michalska, Marianna 332 Micinska, Magdalena 196 Midura, Mary G. 340 Mierzwa, Stefan Μ. 373 Mierzynski, Jozef 208-209 migration networks 17,19 Milewska 142 Milkman, Ruth 344 Milwaukee WI 55, 63-64; Holy Trinity parish 155; labor movement in 99, 233, 346; Poles in 51, 161-162,178, 206, 233, 328, 349, 372; Polish orphanage in 274; Polish radio shows 381; Polish schools in 248, 256; Polish theaters in 363; relations with Germans 77, 155; sport in Polish community 367-368; St. Josaphat parish 161-162 Mindak, Jacob 56 Minneapolis, MN 64; Holy Cross parish 155,163; Poles in 129, 199, 372 Minnesota 51, 52, 212-214; see also specific locations Mioduski, Adam 267 Mirecki, Pawel Faut 376 Misiones, Argentina 39 Missler, Johann Friedrich 22-24,120 Missouri 52,193, 211,213 Mitchell, Grace 266 Mitchell, John 100 Mniszewski, A.S. 205 Moczygemba (Moczygçba), Leopold 54,154,158,178 Molenda, Michal 9 Monarch, WY 132, 374 Moravia 18 Morawska, Ewa 15, 20, 26, 52, 78 Moren, Adam 222-223 Morgan, Ashbel 57-58 Morgan, J. P. 292 Morgenthau, Henry 316 Motulewski, Feliks 163 movie theaters 349; Americanization and 365-367; ethnic youth and movies 264-265, 336 Mroz, Bronislaw 364, 381 Mroz, Pelagia 382 Mundelein, George 155,179, 273274, 340 Nagiel, Henryk 125, 220-221 Nalçcz, Wladyslaw 208 Nanticoke, PA: Holy Trinity
parish 166; Our Lady of Czçstochowa parish 166; Poles in 59-61, 97-98,123, 155-156,165166, 274, 322, 325, 328; St. Stanislaus parish 166, 274 Napoli 22 national celebrations 193-194,199, 207, 284 National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent 181 National Democrats 80,181,197, 289-291, 293, 298, 303-304, 364 National Department 287-288, 293294, 298, 304 National Fund 298, 304 National Labor Relations Act 347 National League 195 National Origins Act 30, 31, 306-307 National Treasury, Galicia 289 National Treasury in Raperswil 204, 222 Nativism 31, 206-207, 314 Nebraska 52,178,211,214 Nesterowicz, Melania (Klos, Jan) 74, 332 New Britain, CT: Poles in 129,164165, 274; St. Heart of Jesus parish 129,165 New England 51, 75,102, 158,164, 344; see also specific locations New Germany in America 212-213 New Holland 4 New Jersey see specific locations
442 Index New Poland: in America 210-212; in California 211; in Melanesia 210-211 new unionism 106 New York Mills, NY: Poles in 127, 129, 156; St. Joseph parish 156; strikes in 108-109 New York, NY 9, 21-22, 53, 73; birth rate in 134; child labor in 247; death rate in 133; flappers in 332; garment industry 95; Great Depression in 340; Irish in 152; Italians in 79, 96,121; juvenile delinquency in 265; Poles in 51-52,137, 227, 291; Polish children in 247, 254; Polish businessmen and middle class 208, 210, 212, 320, 323, 326; Polish jazz musicians in 376; Polish National Committee in 213; Polish radicals in 222, 224225; Polish theaters in 363; St. Stanislaus Б. Μ. parish 274 New York state: Poles in 31, 52, 96 New Zealand 12 Newburgh see Cleveland, OH Niagara-on-the-Lake, ONT 296 Niklas, Franciszek 97 Nikodem, Jan 284 Niles, IL see orphanages Norddeutscher Lloyd 22 Northwestern University Settlement House 134-135,142, 269, 341 Norway 8 Notre Dame Sisters see religious orders Nowak, Anna 61 Nowak, Stanley 338, 347-348 O’Hara, William 166 Ochrym Ochrymowicz, Wladyslaw 376 Odessa 22 Ognisko (New York) 222 Ohab Zedek 77 Ohio 99,163; Poles in 51, 274, 322; see also specific locations “old and new immigration” 27-29 Old Catholic Church 158,173 Orchard Lake, MI 181 Organizational Council of Poles from Abroad 261 Orlemafiski, Stanislaw 182 Orlikowski, Bernard 79 Orlikowski, Franciszek 210 orphanages 270-271, 273-274; Jewish 271; Polish 271-274; St. Hedwig Orphan Industrial School in Niles, IL 122,173 Orton, Lawrence 56 Orzechowski, Emil 362-363, 379 Osada, Stanislaw 54, 128, 203, 252
Osinski, Ted 130,135, 254, 251 Ostrava 10, 89 Ostrowski, Antoni 56 Oswiçcim 24 Packinghouse Organizing Committee 79 Pacyga, Dominic A. 53, 58, 265 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan 181, 288, 291-298, 303-304, 316 Panek Piotr see Paryski, Antoni Alfred Panna Maria, TX 154, 232, 248 Papciak, Aniela 9 Paradowski 329 Paradowski, Stanley 336 Parana: New Poland in 197 Paris 18, 210, 222, 294, 297, 316 parishes see specific locations Parisville, MI 56, 62, 154 parochial schools: curricula 244, 250, 257-258; discipline in 245250; Polish 242-244, 248-256 Parot, Joseph J. 67 Paryski, Antoni Alfred (Panek, Piotr) 93, 94, 220 Pasternak, Ludwik 9 Paterson, NJ. 137 Pavlovich, Nikolay 33 Pease, Neal 368 Pennsylvania 59,133; child labor in 247; Jews in 78; miners in 39, 90-91, 95-98, 100-101, 132, 207, 247, 347; Poles in 54, 58-60, 68,113,121, 123, 128, 155; Polish immigration to 10; Polish rivalry with Lithuanians in 176, 202-202; Polish rivalry with Ruthenians in 204; violence in 132; strikes
Index 443 100-101; see also specific locations Perth Amboy, NJ. 203, 284 Philadelphia, PA 31,152,178, 376; Holy Trinity church 151; Poles in 198, 200, 206, 213-214, 228, 335, 372 Pigoh, Stanislaw 373 Pilch, Andrzej 14, 26 Pilsudski, Jozef 181, 223-225, 261, 289-290, 303, 317-318, 364 Pilsudski Lecture Circle 317 Piotrkôw 11 Piotrowska, Helena 255, 261 Piotrowska, Irena 372 Piotrowski, Anton (Antoni) 61, 98 Piotrowski, Nikodem 303 Piotrowski, Zygmunt 317 Piquette, MI 103 Pitass, Jan 159-160,164,170,173, 177,182 Pittsburgh, PA: children’s centers in 269; Irish in 152; Poles in 51; Polish businesses in 226; Polish ethnic organizations in 205; Polish ethnic politicians in 132, Polish orphanage in 274; Polish theaters in 16, 76, 93, 152, 269, 284, 363; St. Adalbert parish 16; St. Stanislaus Kostka church 274; wages in 93-94; see also Polish Falcons Alliance of America, Starzynski Teofil Pius X 152, 177 Plachy Jr., Frank 92 Plagens, Jozef 178 Plainville, CT 152 Piatkowski, Jan Szczçsny 374 Plocicna (Plociczno) 21 Plock 11 Plymouth, PA 174; Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary 176; St. Casimir church 176 Pniak, Szymon 166 Pobôg, Iza 128 Podgôrski, Ignacy 376 Podhale 38, 89, 95, 98, 219, 375 Poland Corner, WI see Polonia, WI Polanie Club, Minneapolis, MN 372 Polcyn, Jan 39 Polesie 18 Polish American Democratic Organization 349-350 Polish Army in France 34, 43,181, 226, 288, 294-296, 301, 320, 349 Polish Army Veterans’ Association 320 Polish Arts Service, New York 372 Polish Association of America 206 Polish Auto Workers Organizing Committee 347 Polish Beneficial
Association of St. John Cantius 206 Polish Catholic Centrale in America 318 Polish Central Relief Committee 287, 291-294 Polish Commune 54, 156-157, 192, 195,362 Polish Falcons Alliance of America 107, 225-227; and formation of Committee of National Defence in America 289-290, 292; in the Polish National Congress 229; military efforts of 295; promotion of sport by 367;supporting workers 348; unification of 228-229, 284, 289-290, 292; see also Starzyfiski Teofil Polish Grant (1838) 214 Polish Grosz Society 215 Polish Highlanders Alliance in North America 375 Polish Inter-Organizational Council 319 Polish League 195 Polish Legion in America 227 Polish Military Commission 296 Polish Museum of America 373 Polish National Alliance in America 65,197-198,131,211, 216, 227, 232-233, 316, 322, 338; and Committee of National Defence 290, 292; and education 259; and Polish Falcons 225, 227; and Polish National Congress 229; anti alcoholism campaigns 123; charitable aid to Poland during World War I 291;
444 Index children 140-141; conflict with Lithuanians 203; conflict with the Polish Roman Catholic Union 157,164-165,177, 179,198, 220-222,232, 362; cooperation with the Polish Roman Catholic Union 222, 228,318-319; diets of 198, 200, 215, 304; Great Depression and 340, 348; help to workers 215; ideology of 198, 200, 362; inclusion of membership 199-202, 204-205, 223-224; insurances in 206-207; membership 200; reactions to the First Congress of Poles Abroad 319; relations with Polish authorities 318— 319; Smulski Jan 287-288; sponsoring sports 368; support to military efforts 295; women as members of 215-227 Polish National Alliance of Brooklyn, NY 206 Polish National Catholic Church in America 173-175, 202, 206, 215, 290, 292 Polish National Committee (New York) 213 Polish National Committee (Paris) 294-295 Polish National Congress in Washington 229 Polish National Council 291 Polish National Department see National Department Polish National Union in America 206 Polish Old Catholic Church 173,175 Polish People’s University 224-225 Polish Republican Club (Cleveland) 79 Polish Roman Catholic Association (Detroit) 206 Polish Roman Catholic Union (Bay City, MI) 205 Polish Roman Catholic Union of America 193, 316, 318-319, 322, 338; and anti-alcoholism campaigns 123; and children 260-261, and Committee of National Defence in America 290; and Polish National Congress 229; conflict with Polish Commune 195, 362; conflict with Polish National Alliance 157, 164-165,177, 179,198, 220-222, 232, 362; cooperation with Polish National Alliance 222, 228, 318-319; Diets of 211, 215, 220;
during World War I 291292; exclusive membership of 193,198, 200,215-216; goals of 198; including women 217; insurances in 206 Polish Roman Catholic Union under the care of Our Lady of Czçstochowa (Chicago) 205 Polish Section of the Socialist Party 224-225 Polish Singers Alliance in America 228, 364-366, 376 Polish Socialist Party 223-224, 290 Polish Socialist Party Left 224 Polish Socialist Party Revolutionary Faction 224 Polish Society for the Protection of Women 341 Polish Troops Alliance 227 Polish Union in America (St. Paul, Buffalo, Wilkes-Barre) 205, 292 Polish Union of America 205 Polish Union of the United States of North America 205 Polish War Victims’ Relief Fund 292 Polish Welfare Association 273, 340-341 Polish Welfare Council in America 318 Polish Women’s Alliance in America 123, 215-220, 316, 319, 322, 337, 338; and Committee of National Defence 290, 292; contra alcoholism 123; formation of 216; fund rising during World War I 292; membership of 216; on children’s education and rearing 141, 217-218, 256, 259-260, 269, 332; on juvenile delinquency 218; Wianki 359 Polish Women’s Central Society 216 polka music 359, 376-377; and jazz 376; styles of 376-377
Index 445 Pollack, Martin 23, 25 Polonia: meaning of the term 2-3 Polonia, WI154 Poplawski, Jan Ludwik 197 Posern-Zielmski, Aleksander 194, 369 Potowski-Rose, Ernestyna (Ernestine) 191 Poznan 54,166,197,313 Praszalowicz, Dorota 52, 77, 243, 254 Priceburg, PA 174 Progress City see Junior Republics Prohibition 314, 325, 332-333, 335, 349 Provisional Commission of Confederated Independence Parties 289-290 Prussian Poland 10, 31, 228, 244; emigration to America from 26, 32, 89; immigrants from in Chicago 53-54, 65; immigrants from in Cleveland 58; immigrants from in Detroit 89; immigrants from in Pennsylvania 59; Jews in 32; return migration from America to 39; seasonal emigration to Germany from 20,41 Przerwa-Tetmajer, Kazimierz 375 Pucinska, Lidia 364 Pucihska, Wanda 265 Pulaski, Kazimierz 4, 172,194, 229 Pulte 57 push/pull factors in migration 14-15 Putek, Jozef 302 Quigley, James 178 Raczukajtis, Tamoszus 21 radio 329, 330, 336, 348, 374; programs in Polish 348, 359, 372, 374, 378-381; PolishAmerican comedies 350, 378381; see also Kantor, Tadeusz; Majewski, Kazimierz Radzik, Tadeusz 181, 294, 303, 319, 320 Radzilowski, John 52, 75,133, 377 Rakszawa 34, 373 Raparek family 345-346, 349 Rapersvil 196,204, 222, 272 Ratajczak, Frank 63 Ravenstein, Ernst Georg 14 Rayzacher, Stanislaw 317 record companies 375-3 76, 379 Reczek family 313 Red Scare 113 Reeder, Linda 1, 42 Relief and Aid Society of Chicago 97 Religious orders: Bernardine Order 249. 303; Conventual Franciscans 158-159; Felician Sisters 159,167-168, 225, 242,249, 252, 254, 256-258, 259, 273-274; Holy Family of Nazareth
Order 249, 274; Jesuits 125,133,156,158-159, 165, 223-224; Missionary Priests of St. Vincent de Paul 159; Notre Dame Sisters 254, 272; Reformat 159; Resurrectionists 56-57,123, 156-159,167,179,160-161, 192,195, 202, 211,220, 250, 252, 254, 257, 272, 362-363; Sisters of Blessed Kunegunda 272; Sisters of Resurrection 249 Republican Party: Polish support to 79, 231-232, 287, 347, 349-350 Resurrectionist see religious orders return migration 3, 11,14; after World War I 300-303, 314-315; of Jews 34; of Poles 9,19, 35, 39-42,130; of Scandinavians 28; social and economic consequences of 40-43, 300303; types of 39, 300 Rhineland 20 Rhode Island 61,137, 343 Rhode, Pawel 155, 178-179, 273 Riga 18 Riopelle, MI 57 Ritter, Marian 379 Rochester, NY 111, 132; Poles in 156, 203, 221 Rockford, IL 270 Rodzinski, Adolf 372 Roediger, David R. 4, 90 Rokosz, Maria 216 Rokosz, Stanislaw 108, 216 Rolling Mill Company 57, 99 Roman Catholic Church in America 149-178, 340, 345; and Irish
446 Index 152; and Italians 145, 153, 149,154,182; Polish Catholics 149-183; struggle for Polish bishops 176-178 Romanians 31, 297 Rome 18,155,157, 166,169 Ropczyce County 8, 11 Rosihski, Benedykt 171 Rostenkowski, Piotr 303 Rôwnosc 222 Rozahski, Jan 7 Rudkus, Jurgis 66 Russel Square Community Committee 267 Russia: Baltic guberniyas 32; population growth 11; western guberniyas 196 Russian Poland see Congress Poland Russians 72, 96,128,133, 297, 300, 361 Rusyns see Ruthenians Ruszczyc, Edward 79 Ruthenians 3, 26, 31-32,104,199, 200, 203-205, 266, 297; identity in the US 203-204; relations with Poles 80,199205, 377 Ryan, Stephen 159 Rydel, Lucjan 363 Sadoski 21 Sadowski, Μ. J. 220 Sajewski, Wladyslaw H. 365, 375 Sakowska, Mary 340 Samolinska, Teofila 196, 215-216 San Antonio, TX 55 Sandomierz 157 Sarna, Jonathan 34 Satolli, Francesco 158,166, 169-170 Sawicki, Jozef 291, 296, 298 Sbaretti, Donato 170 Scandinavia 8,12, 13, 26, 28, 31, 90, 215, 271 Schauffler, Henry C. 149 Schauffler Missionary Training School 149 Schenectady, N.Y. 64 Schermann, Anton (Smarzewski, Antoni; Smagorzewski) 53-54, 156 Schleswig-Holstein 20 School of Civics and Philanthropy, Chicago 66,133 Schulak, Franciszek 133 Scotland 8, 57; and Scots in America 90, 97 Scouts 260-261; see also Zwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego Scranton, PA 166,173-174,178, 207, 247; St. Stanislaus B. Μ. parish 174; Sweatest Heart of Jesus and Mary parish 173174; see also Polish National Catholic Church seasonal labor migrations to Budapest 10, 89,190; to Germany 10, 18-20, 40-42,197; Polish opinions about it 196-197 Sebastianski,
Wladyslaw 158, 168 Second Proletariat Party 222 Selinsky, Mary 140, 333 Sembratowicz, Sylwester 204 Sembrich-Kochanska, Marcelina 291-292 Semenenko, Piotr 156 semi-skilled workers 24, 102 settlement houses 142, 253, 268-269, 341, 367, 370; see also specific names Sheridan County, WY 10, 129, 374 Siatka, Stanislaus 272 Siberia 15, 16 Sicily 40, 74 Siedlecki, Marceli 337 Siemaszkowa, Wanda 76 Siemiradzki, Jozef 24,197 Siemiradzki, Tomasz 227 Sienkiewicz, Henryk 291 Silesia 18,19, 31, 76, 92, 197 Simmons, Al (Szymanski, Alojzy) 368 Sinclair, Upton 66 Sisters of Resurrection see religious orders Skajewski, Max 376 skilled workers 89-90, 91, 102, 104 Skolimowski, Pawel 252 Skolyszewski, Witold 197 Skoniecki, Alfons 180-181 Slavic Alliance of Cleveland 369-370 31isz, Stanislaw 77, 220-221 Sliupas, Jonas 202-203, 226
Index 447 Sliwinski, W. 305 Slomka, Jan 73 Slovaks 31,190; in America 58, 7678,182,199, 209, 266, 270, 297, 377; relations with Poles 76,199, 205 Slovenes in America 58, 61, 67, 71, 296, 317, 369 Smarzewski-Schermann, Antoni see Schermann Smietanka, Juliusz 340 Smigiel, Peter S. 320 Smith, Timothy 150 Smogôr, Kazimierz 128, 359 Smulski, Jan Franciszek 210, 265, 286-288, 291-294, 298-299, 303, 304-305, 307, 316 Smulski, Wladyslaw 287 Socialist Labor Party 222. 347 socialists 165, 222, 224, 233; Czech 77; as members of Polish National Alliacé 223; Polish in America 62, Π,190, 221-225, 252, 255, 288, 290-291, 301, 317, 347, 362, 364 Society for Spreading Polish Art Among Foreigners 372 Society of Poles in America 19 Society of Polish Roman Catholic Priests 178 Society of Polish Women in Chicago 337 Sojka, Stanislaw 107 Soltys, Jçdrzej 9-10, 39 Sombart, Werner 13 South Bend, IN 163; St. Hedwig’s parish 175 Southern Europe 18, 26-28, 31, 39, 91,123, 306, 347 Spalding, Lancaster John 214 Spetz, Andrzej 273 Spis (German: Zips; Magyar: Szepesség/Szepes) 32, 76 Sport among Polish-Americans 367368; in Milwaukee 376-378; see also specific names St. Aubin, MI 57 St. Louis.MO 31, 213-214 St. Stanislaus Kostka Society (Chicago) 54, 156, 232; see also Chicago Stachowiak. Jozef 59 Stanislavski, Konstantin 366 Stankiewicz-Zand, Helen 136 Stanley, Zbyszko see Cyganiewicz Zbyszko Starzynski, Andrzej 16 Starzynski, Teofil A. 16, 76, 226-269, 286, 303 Stas, Helena 128 Steel Workers Organizing Committee 347 Stevens Point, WI 248 Stewart, Ethelbert 66, 71 Stockyard Labor Council 107 Stojalowski,
Stanislaw 174 Strzalkowska, Franciszka 121 Strzelecki, Jan Henryk 274 Styka, Jan 360 Sulislawice 157 Superior, WI 61, 77,121,125 Susquehanna Coal Company 59. 325 Suwalki 11, 98 Suwalski, Leopold 59 Svarc, Vaclav 269 Sweden 8,15,137 Swiatopol see World Union of Poles ^wiçtoslawa, Μ. 256 Swift and Armour Co. 103,107, 111, 327 Switzerland: Polish diaspora in 54, 196,198, 204, 222, 291-292 Symon, Albin 178 Sypniewski Grajewska, Mary 130 Sypniewski, Kazimierz 131 Syski, Aleksander 181 Szadziriski, Teofil 221 Szawleski, Mieczyslaw 321 Szczepafiski, Aleksander 94, 326 Sztuczko, Kazimierz 177 Szuberla, Guy 66 Szulak, Franciszek 156 Szumowski, Jan 59 Szymafiski, Alojzy see Simmons, Al Szymczak, Mieczyslaw S. 77, 246, 340, 349-350 Tarnow 161, 211, 378 taxi dancers 332-335 Taylor, Frederick W. 102 Tempska, Urszula VIII Texas 176, 213; German emigration to 32, 213; Polish emigration to 32, 52,154-158, 232, 248, 324
448 Index textile industry 51, 55, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99,102,105-107, 111, 137, 344 theater 361; Polish-American 8, 194, 217, 225, 285, 359, 362-367, 375; shaping Polish identity 362-365; see also actor’s names Thomas, William I. 75, 97 Tobaka, Magdalena 242, 258 Toledo, OH 55, 317, 332, 363 Tomaszewski, Cezary 274 Transleithania 26 transnationalism 3, 110, 286, 359, 382 Transylvania 31 Trasher, Frederic Μ. 263, 266 Treska, Stasia 123 Truszkowska, Maria 249 Trzebos 34 Tyler, Elizabeth 132 Tyssowski, Jan 191 Ukrainians see Ruthenians Union of Polish Falcons 227 Union of Polish Priests in America 178-179 Union of St. Joseph 205 United Automobile Workers 346 United Garment Workers of America 105 United Mine Workers of America 92, 100, 327 United Packinghouse Workers of America 79 United Textile Workers of America 92 unskilled workers 24, 41, 52, 91-93, 100,102,104-105,108, 247248, 299 Uruguay 12 US Immigration Commission 27, 29, 67-69 US Steel 57,98,108,112, 327 Utica, N.Y. 127; St. Stanislaus B. Μ parish 166 Vienna 10 Vilatte, Joseph René 169, 173 Vilnius 22,122 Wachtl, Karol 301, 363 Wadowice trial 24 Wagner Act 347 Wagner, Helena 325 Wagner, Hipolit 325 Wagner, Wladyslaw (Ladislas) 212 Walçga, Leon 161 Wales 8, 58 Walleck, C. 255 Walush, Vera 335 Wanat, Jan 376 Warama, PA 39 Warren Hoino 211 Warsaw 11, 60, 195,196, 260; Polish government in vs. Polonia 318, 319, 321, 323, 326, 376, 379, 382 Wasilewski, Eleonora 296 Waukesha, WI264 Wawrzacz, Michal 9 Wawrzyniak, Piotr 242, 254 weddings of immigrants 131-132 Wçgierski, Juliusz 269-270 Wçgrowice 53 Wçgrzynek, Maksymilian F. 318,
323 Weinberg, Sydney Stahl 259 Weiss, Hymie (Wojciechowski, Ed) 335 welfare capitalism 326-328 welfare corporations 327-328, 339-340 Welfeld, William 79 Wells, Robert V. 64 Welsh 53, 75, 90 Wendzihski, Ignacy 195 Wereszczyhski, Piotr Aleksander 210 West Virginia 10 Westphalia 20 White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 4, 244, 315,338 White Star Line 22 Wieczorek, Szymon 57,167 Wieniarski, Antoni 374 Wierzynski, Kazimierz 122 Wilkes-Barre, PA 59; Polish immigrants in 21,101,155-156, 165-166, 174, 200, 205, 215, 325; Virgin Mary parish 156 Williamson, Jeffrey G. 15 Wilmington, DE 206, 210 Wilson, Woodrow 203, 284, 293-295 Winona, MN 220, 363 Wisniewski, Gene 377 Wisniowski, Sygurd 211 Wojciechowicz, Aleksander 368
Index 449 Wojnarowski, Frank 377 Wojtalewicz, Franciszek 132 Wolanskyj, Iwan (Jan) 204 Wolff Manufacturing Company 88, 104,111 Wood, Arthur Evans 265 Woodbine, N.J. 215 Woods, Robert A. 262 World Union of Poles Abroad 261, 319 World War I 284-296; charitable help for Polish lands 291-293, 298-300; American patriotism during 296-297, 315; US role in regaining Polish independence 293-295; see also Polish Army in France Woznicki, Stefan S. 178 Wroblewski, Alfred 293 Wyczôlkowska, Anna 255 Wydzial Narodowy see National Department Wyoming 10, 52,121-123,127,129, 132, 339, 374, 376 Wyspiahski, Stanislaw 363 Yezierska, Anzia 61 YMCA 270, 315 York, Joe 346 Young Men’s Alliance in America 227-228 Yurkiewicz, Joseph see York, Joe YWCA 270 Zaborôw 41,126, 374-375, 378 Zagreb 22 Zahajkiewicz, Szczçsny 362-363 Zahra, Tara 29 Zangwill, Israel 13 Zapala, Wladyslaw 254, 285 Zapolska, Gabriela 363, 379 Zaremba, John 348 Zarki 174 Zawada, Anne 52 Zawistowicz-Adamska, Kazimiera 41 Zawisza, Jozef 220 Zbowski, Franciszek 163 Zelechy 181 Zepert, Jozef 59 Zgôrniak, Marian 296 Ziçba Andrzej A. 52, 204 Ziemialkowski, Florian 196 Znaniecka Lopata, Helena 26 Znaniecki, Florian 17, 75, 97 Zolyh 34 Zuchowski, Wladzio Valentino 372 Zuk, Maria 346 Zukotyhski, Tadeusz 360 Zulawski, Frances 126 Zurawski, Kazimierz 316 Zürich 18 Zwiardowski, Feliks 194 Zwi^zek Harcerstwa Polskiego 260, 284, 332, 337 Zynda, Jan 168, 313-314, 325 Zynda, John Jr. 314 |
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| author | Walaszek, Adam 1951- Wojdon, Joanna 1973- |
| author2 | Tempska, Urszula |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | u t ut |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1235002837 (DE-588)123910994 |
| author_facet | Walaszek, Adam 1951- Wojdon, Joanna 1973- Tempska, Urszula |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Walaszek, Adam 1951- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049376524 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1385431871 (DE-599)BVBBV049376524 |
| era | Geschichte 1854-1939 gnd |
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| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV049376524 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:58:07Z |
| indexdate | 2025-02-11T11:01:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032343518 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034704242 |
| oclc_num | 1385431871 |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | xi, 449 Seiten 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240607 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge advances in American history |
| series2 | Routledge advances in American history |
| spelling | Walaszek, Adam 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)1235002837 aut Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 Volume 1 Polish American history before 1939 translated by Urszula Tempska Polish-American history before 1939 New York ; London Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2023 xi, 449 Seiten 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge advances in American history 24 Routledge advances in American history "The history of private lives of first and second generations of Polish immigrants in the U.S., viewed from the perspective of migrants themselves. What did the migrants do? How did they behave? How protagonists (men, women, children) with their own words presented their experience? Their experience is compared with the one of the other groups. The book discusses migration processes, neighborhoods' formation, experiences at work, daily and family lives, functioning of parishes and tensions related to it, construction of people's identities and their constant reformulations. Migrants created mutual aid societies, which played economic, but also ideological and political role. Experiences of immigrants' children at home and at school are presented, mostly in their own words and from their own perspective. Cultural activities reflect constant changes of groups self-identity. The book also depicts the relations between the Polish migrants and members of other ethnic groups - in the streets, public spaces, in politics, and within the Catholic church. People lived in pluri-cultural, culturally diverse contexts, thus relations with "the others" were complex. The panorama ends in the year 1939, when after the Great Depression the group entered into the new period of transformation during the war." Geschichte 1854-1939 gnd rswk-swf Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 s Geschichte 1854-1939 z DE-604 Wojdon, Joanna 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)123910994 aut Tempska, Urszula trl (DE-604)BV049601687 1 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-03-234353-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00-332165-1 Routledge advances in American history 24 (DE-604)BV035397419 24 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Walaszek, Adam 1951- Wojdon, Joanna 1973- Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 Routledge advances in American history Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046497-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 |
| title_alt | Polish-American history before 1939 |
| title_auth | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 |
| title_exact_search | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Polish-American history from 1854 to 2004 |
| title_full | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 Volume 1 Polish American history before 1939 translated by Urszula Tempska |
| title_fullStr | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 Volume 1 Polish American history before 1939 translated by Urszula Tempska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 Volume 1 Polish American history before 1939 translated by Urszula Tempska |
| title_short | Polish American history from 1854 to 2004 |
| title_sort | polish american history from 1854 to 2004 polish american history before 1939 |
| topic | Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polen Volk USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034704242&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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