Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites: synthesis, properties, and applications
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Weinheim, Germany
Wiley-VCH
[2022]
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| Beschreibung: | xxi, 340 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm, 842 g |
| ISBN: | 9783527349302 3527349308 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites |b synthesis, properties, and applications |c edited by Sanjay M. Rangappa, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Suchart Siengchin |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim, Germany |b Wiley-VCH |c [2022] | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 340 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 25 cm, 842 g | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 653 | |a Chemie | ||
| 653 | |a Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Composites | ||
| 653 | |a Industrial Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Materials Science | ||
| 653 | |a Materialwissenschaften | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer processing | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer Science & Technology | ||
| 653 | |a Polymerverarbeitung | ||
| 653 | |a Polymerwissenschaft u. -technologie | ||
| 653 | |a Technische u. Industrielle Chemie | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Rajak, Dipen Kumar |d 1990- |0 (DE-588)125255513X |4 edt | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Suchart Siengchin |0 (DE-588)136810772 |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805069574377308160 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
VII
CONTENTS
PREFACE
XVII
ABOUT
THE
EDITORS
XIX
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
GLASS
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
AND
STRUCTURES
1
JAY
PRAKASH
SRIVASTAVA
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.2
APPLICATIONS
2
1.3
CLASSIFICATION
OF
GFRC
5
1.3.1
A-TYPE
5
1.3.2
C-TYPE
6
1.3.3
D-TYPE
6
1.3.4
E-TYPE
7
1.3.5
R-,
S-,
AND
T-TYPE
7
1.3.6
S2-TYPE
7
1.3.7
M-TYPE
7
1.3.8
Z-TYPE
7
1.4
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED
ON
FORM
8
1.5
STRUCTURE
9
1.6
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
1.7
CONCLUSION
13
REFERENCES
13
2
SYNTHESIS
OF
COTTON
FIBER
AND
ITS
STRUCTURE
17
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
CHERALA
SAI
RAM,
JAY
P
SRIVASTAVA,
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
AND
ASHWINI
KUMAR
2.1
INTRODUCTION
17
2.2
COTTON
FIBER
CLASSIFICATION
17
2.2.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
THE
COTTON
FIBER
BASED
ON
THE
STRENGTH
IB
2.2.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
THE
COTTON
FIBER
BASED
ON
FIBER
LENGTH
UNIFORMITY
IB
2.2.3
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
FIBER
FINENESS
IB
2.2.4
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
FIBER
COLOR
IB
2.2.5
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
TRASH
IB
VIII
CONTENTS
2.2.6
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
LEAF
GRADE
18
2.2.7
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
EXTRANEOUS
MATERIALS
19
2.2.8
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
MODULE
AVERAGING
19
2.3
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
COTTON
FIBERS
21
2.4
SOLVENTS
FOR
COTTON
21
2.5
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
OF
COTTON
FIBER
22
2.6
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
23
2.7
STRUCTURAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
25
2.7.1
CONSTITUTION AND
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
DISTRIBUTIONS
25
2.7.2
COTTON
FIBER
STRUCTURE
25
2.7.3
MICROSCOPIC
VIEW
OF
COTTON
FIBER
26
2.7.4
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER
26
2.8
CHARACTERIZATION
METHODS
OF
COTTON
FIBER
27
2.8.1
MEASUREMENT
OF
DENSITY
27
2.8.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
DIAMETER
27
2.9
X-RAY
DIFFRACTION
(XRD)
ANALYSIS
28
2.10
FOURIER
TRANSFORMATION
BY
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
(FTIR)
ANALYSIS
29
2.11
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
(TGA)
29
2.12
INVESTIGATION
OF
SCANNING
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
30
2.13
INVESTIGATION
OF
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
31
2.14
CONCLUSIONS
32
REFERENCES
32
3
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITE
AND
STRUCTURES
37
RUPITA
GHOSH,
SUBHADIP
DAS,
SARADA
P.
MALLICK,
AND
RAJAN
3.1
INTRODUCTION
37
3.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
38
3.3
SYNTHESIS
OF
CARBON
FIBER
38
3.4
SURFACE
TREATMENT
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
40
3.5
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
WITH
POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
41
3.5.1
MANUFACTURING
OF
THE
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
REINFORCED
WITH
CARBON
FIBERS
42
3.5.1.1
HAND
LAY-UP
AND
SPRAY-UP
PROCESS
42
3.5.1.2
MOLDING
43
3.5.1.3
FILAMENT
WINDING
43
3.5.1.4
PULTRUSION
44
3.5.1.5
INJECTION
MOLDING
44
3.5.2
REINFORCEMENT
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
AND
PROPERTIES
OF
CFRP
COMPOSITES
44
3.6
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CERAMIC
MATRIX COMPOSITES
46
3.6.1
STRUCTURE
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CMCS
47
3.6.2
SYNTHESIS
AND
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CMCS
48
3.6.2.1
HOT
PRESSING
48
3.6.2.2
SPARK
PLASMA
SINTERING
(SPS)
48
3.6.2.3
INFILTRATION
METHODS
49
CONTENTS
IX
3.6.2.4
3.6.2.5
3.6.2.6
3.6.2.7
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.2.1
SLURRY
INFILTRATION
PROCESS
50
REACTIVE
MELT
INFILTRATION
51
POLYMER
INFILTRATION
AND
PYROLYSIS
52
SOL-GEL
INFILTRATION
PROCESS
52
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CARBON
MATRIX
COMPOSITES
53
STRUCTURE
OF
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITES
53
SYNTHESIS
OF
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITES
53
THERMOSETTING
RESIN-BASED
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITE
AND
PROPERTIES
54
3.7.2.2
THERMOPLASTIC
PITCH-BASED
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITE
AND
PROPERTIES
56
3.7.2.3
3.8
CHEMICAL
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
(CVD)
AND
PROPERTIES
57
CONCLUSION
59
REFERENCES
59
4
INTRODUCTION
TO
SEMISYNTHETIC
AND
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
BASED
COMPOSITES
67
VISHAL
N.
SULAKHE
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
4.2.1.4
4.2.1.5
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6
4.3
4.4
INTRODUCTION
67
CLASSIFICATIONS
69
SEMISYNTHETIC
FIBERS
69
RAYON
69
MODAL
FIBER
69
BAMBOO
RAYON
70
SEACELL
FIBER
70
ACETATE
FIBERS
70
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
71
GLASS
FIBERS
71
CARBON
FIBER
72
GRAPHENE
FIBER
73
BASALT
FIBER
73
KEVLAR
73
NYLON
AND
TERYLENE
74
CHALLENGES
74
CONCLUSIONS
75
REFERENCES
75
5
TRIBOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
81
A.
MUTHURAJA
AND
DIPEN
KUMAR
RAJAK
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
INTRODUCTION
81
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT-ALKALINE
TREATMENT
83
ALKALINE
TREATMENT
(MERCERIZATION)
83
SILANE
COUPLING
AGENTS
(SILANIZATION)
83
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SYNTHETIC
AND
NATURAL
FIBERS
83
X
CONTENTS
5.3
5.4
5.5
TRIBOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
CHEMICALLY
TREATED
COMPOSITES
84
TRIBOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
87
CONCLUSION
89
REFERENCES
89
6
NONSTRUCTURAL
APPLICATIONS
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
COMPOSITES
93
ASHISH
GUPTA,
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
MANDEEP
SINGH,
HEMA
GARG,
ANISHA
CHAUDHARY,
AND
SANJAY
R.
DHAKATE
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2
6.2.1.3
6.2.1.4
6.2.1.5
6.2.2
6.2.2.1
6.2.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.2.3.4
6.2.4
6.2.4.1
6.2.4.2
6.3
INTRODUCTION
93
NONSTRUCTURAL
APPLICATIONS
OF
SFRCS
94
ENERGY
SECTOR
95
BATTERIES
95
SUPERCAPACITORS
96
FUEL
CELLS
97
THERMAL
ENERGY
STORAGE
(TES)
TECHNOLOGY
99
THERMOELECTRIC
ENERGY
ENERATION
99
MECHANICAL
INDUSTRY
101
TRIBOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS
101
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
102
ELECTRONIC
SECTOR
102
LIGHT
EMITTING
DIODE
(LED)
DEVICES
103
FIELD-EFFECT
TRANSISTORS
(FET)
104
SENSORS
104
EMI
SHIELDING
106
MEDICAL
SECTOR
107
DRUG
DELIVERY
107
PROTEIN/GENE
THERAPY
108
CONCLUSIONS
AND
FUTURE
CHALLENGES
108
REFERENCES
109
7
STRUCTURAL
EVOLUTION,
MECHANICAL
FEATURES,
AND
FUTURE
POSSIBILITIES
OF
FIBER,
TEXTILE,
AND
NANO-CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS
117
PRASHANT
RAWAT,
SAI
LIU,
AND
DEJU
ZHU
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5
7.3
HISTORY
OF
FIBER
AND
TEXTILE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
117
COMPONENTS
OF
CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS
119
MATRIX
MATERIALS
119
REINFORCEMENTS
121
SHORT
DISCONTINUOUS
FIBERS
121
TEXTILES/WOVEN
123
ADVANCED
NANOPARTICLES
126
MECHANICAL
PERFORMANCE
OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
127
CONTENTS
XI
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.4
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
SF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
128
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
TEXTILE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
128
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
NANOPARTICLES
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
129
OUTLOOK
AND
FUTURE
OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
130
REFERENCES
131
8
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
137
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
CHERALA
SAI
RAM,
JAY
P.
SRIVASTAVA,
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
AND
ARUN
K.
BEHURA
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
8.2.9
8.2.10
8.3
FABRICATION
PROCESS
FOR
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITE
137
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
138
TENSILE
STRENGTH
138
BUCKLE
POWER
139
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
140
IMPACT
STRENGTH
141
HARDNESS
142
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
(TGA)
142
WATER
ABSORPTION
TEST
143
MICROSCOPIC
MORPHOLOGY
144
FOURIER
TRANSFORMATION
BY
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
(FTIR)
ANALYSIS
145
INVESTIGATION
OF
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
146
LIFE
CYCLE
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
OF
COTTON
FIBERS
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
147
8.4
8.5
THE
DURABILITY
OF
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
148
CONCLUSIONS
148
REFERENCES
148
9
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON
NANOTUBES
(CNT)
155
VIJAY
K.
SINGH,
PUNEET
KUMAR,
SUNIL
K.
YADAV,
CHANDRASEKHAR
SARAN,
AND
KAKI
V.
RAO
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.4
INTRODUCTION
155
CARBON
NANOTUBES
FAMILY
156
SINGLE-WALLED
CARBON
NANOTUBE
(SWCNT)
156
MULTIWALLED
CARBON
NANOTUBE
(MWCNT)
157
PROPERTIES
OF
CNTS
157
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
157
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
157
ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
158
ELECTRONIC
PROPERTIES
159
FIELD-EMISSION
PROPERTIES
159
CONCLUSION
160
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
160
REFERENCES
161
XII
CONTENTS
10
MECHANICAL
AND
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SISAL
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
163
VIVEK
MISHRA,
ALOK
AGRAWAL,
SAURABH
CHANDRAKER,
AND
ABHISHEK
SHARMA
10.1
10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.2.4
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.4
INTRODUCTION
163
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SISAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
166
TENSILE
PROPERTIES
167
FLEXURAL
PROPERTIES
168
IMPACT
PROPERTIES
171
HARDNESS
173
THERMAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
SISAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
175
THERMAL
STABILITY
175
GLASS
TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE
179
CONCLUSION
181
REFERENCES
182
11
MECHANICAL,
ELECTRICAL,
MAGNETIC,
AND
SMART
PROPERTIES
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
COMPOSITES
187
HEMA
GARG,
JAYASHREE
MOHANTY,
ABHISHEK
K.
PATHAK,
ASHISH
GUPTA,
SATISH
TEOTIA,
AND
BIPIN
KUMAR
11.1
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.3.1
11.2.3.2
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
11.3.5
11.3.6
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
INTRODUCTION
187
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
FRP
188
TENSILE
PROPERTIES
189
FLEXURAL
PROPERTIES
190
INTERLAMINAR
PROPERTIES
191
ILSS
AND
IFSS
192
INTERLAMINAR
FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS
193
INFLUENTIAL
PARAMETERS
ON
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
FRP
194
INFLUENCE
OF
FIBER
TYPES
194
INFLUENCE
OF
MATRIX
195
EFFECT
OF
NANOFILLERS
195
ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
198
MAGNETIC
AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC
PROPERTIES
200
ELECTROMAGNETIC
PROPERTIES:
EMI
SHIELDING
201
SMART
PROPERTIES
201
SHAPE
MEMORY COMPOSITES
202
SELF-HEALING
COMPOSITES
203
REFERENCES
204
12
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NATURAL
BASED
FIBERS
COMPOSITES
211
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
DIPEN
K.
RAJAK,
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
12.1
12.2
12.2.1
12.2.2
12.2.3
INTRODUCTION
211
NATURAL
FIBERS
214
NATURAL
PLANT
FIBERS
215
RESINS
217
FILLERS
217
CONTENTS
XIII
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.4
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.6
12.7
12.8
THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC
INVESTIGATION
218
ISOTHERMIC
AND
NON-ISOTHERMIC
THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC
INVESTIGATION
219
EQUATION
OF
COATS-REDFERN
220
EQUATION
OF
HOROWITZ-METZGER
220
CHOICE
OF
SUBSTANCE
BASED
ON
TGI
220
COMMON
FIBRIL-STRENGTHENED
COMPOUNDS
221
THERMOSETTING
COMPOUNDS
221
LAMINATE
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
223
COMMON
FIBER-STRENGTHENED
BIO
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
224
BLEND
OF
NANO
COMPOUNDS
228
CONCLUSION
AND
SUMMARY
229
REFERENCES
230
13
THERMIC
AND
MECHANICAL
VALUABLES
OF
SYNTHETIC
BASED
FIBERS
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
241
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
DIPEN
K.
RAJAK,
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
13.1
13.2
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
INTRODUCTION
241
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
242
CARBON
FIBRILS
242
GLASS
FIBRILS
243
BLEND
FIBRIL-BASED
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
244
SYNTHETIC
REINFORCED
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
245
IMPLEMENTATIONS
OF
POLYMERIZED
FIBRIL
AGROCHEMICAL
HYBRID
COMPOUNDS
245
13.4
THERMAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BLEND
POLYMERIZED
FIBRIL
STRENGTHENED
COMPOUNDS
246
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.5
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
GLASSY
CARBON
(WOVEN)
248
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
KEVLAR
249
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON
FIBRILS
249
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
BASALT
FIBERS
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
250
MECHANICAL
AND
PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BLEND
FIBER
COMPOUNDS
250
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.6
EPOXY
BASED-HYBRID
COMPOSITES
250
POLYESTER
BASED
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
252
(C2H4),
BASIS
OF
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
252
THERMO-COOL
BASIS
OF
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
253
CONCLUSIONS
AND
SUMMARY
253
REFERENCES
254
14
ADVANCEMENT
OF
NATURAL
FIBER-BASED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
261
SIVARAMAKRISHNAN
NATESAN,
BISWAJIT
PARIDA,
NITHYA
NATESAN,
MUTHURAJA
AYYANKALAI,
WALEED
ALHAZMI,
AND
ANIL
K.
DEEPATI
14.1
14.1.1
INTRODUCTION
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
261
FIBER-REINFORCED
PLASTIC
(FRP)
COMPOSITES
262
XIV
|
CONTENTS
14.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
NATURAL
FIBERS
262
14.2.1
PLANT
FIBERS
263
14.2.1.1
SEED
FIBERS
263
14.2.1.2
LEAF
FIBERS
264
14.2.1.3
BAST
FIBERS
264
14.2.1.4
STALK
FIBERS
265
14.2.2
ANIMAL
FIBERS
266
14.2.2.1
WOOL
266
14.2.2.2
MOHAIR
266
14.2.2.3
CASHMERE
266
14.2.2.4
ALPACA
HAIR
266
14.2.2.5
ANGORA
HAIR
267
14.2.2.6
SILK
FIBER
267
14.2.2.7
AVIAN
FIBER
267
14.2.3
MINERAL
FIBERS
267
14.3
SYNTHESIS
AND
PRODUCTION
OF
NATURAL
FIBERS
267
14.3.1
EXTRACTION
OF
FIBERS
267
14.3.2
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
PLANT-BASED
FIBER
268
14.3.3
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
ANIMAL
FIBER
268
14.3.3.1
ANIMAL
WOOL
AND HAIR
FIBER
PROCESSING
269
14.3.3.2
SILK
FIBER
PROCESSING
269
14.3.3.3
FEATHER
AND
AVIAN
FIBER
269
14.3.4
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
MINERAL
FIBER
269
14.3.4.1
ASBESTOS
269
14.3.4.2
CERAMIC
FIBER
270
14.3.4.3
METAL
FIBER
270
14.4
TREATMENT
AND
ENHANCEMENT
OF
NATURAL
FIBER
270
14.4.1
PHYSICAL
TREATMENT
271
14.4.1.1
MECHANICAL
TREATMENT
271
14.4.1.2
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
272
14.4.1.3
ELECTRIC
DISCHARGE
272
14.4.2
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
273
14.4.2.1
ALKALINE
TREATMENT
(MERCERIZATION)
274
14.4.2.2
ACETONE
TREATMENT
274
14.4.2.3
PEROXIDE
(BENZOYLATION)
TREATMENT
275
14.4.2.4
SILANE
COUPLING
AGENTS
(SILANIZATION)
275
14.4.3
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
275
14.5
FABRICATION
OF
TECHNIQUES
OF
NFRC
275
14.5.1
HAND
LAY-UP
TECHNIQUE
276
14.5.2
VACUUM
INFUSION
MOLDING
276
14.5.3
SPRAY
LAY-UP
TECHNIQUE
276
14.5.4
PULTRUSION
277
14.5.5
RESIN
TRANSFER
MOLDING
(RTM)
277
14.6
MECHANICAL
PERFORMANCE
OF
NATURAL
FIBER
REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
(NFRP)
277
CONTENTS
I
XV
INDEX
329
14.6.1
14.7
14.7.1
14.8
14.8.1
INFLUENCE
OF
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
277
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
279
FIBER
PERCENTAGE
(%)
279
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
AND
ITS
APPLICATION
OF
NANOFIBER
281
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
OF
NANOFIBERS
OVER
MECHANICAL
AND
TRIBOLOGICAL
FIBERS
281
14.8.2
14.8.3
14.9
14.9.1
14.9.2
14.9.3
14.10
14.10.1
14.10.2
14.10.3
14.10.4
14.10.5
14.10.6
14.11
NANO-BASED
FIBERS
284
SYNTHESIS
OF
NANOFIBER
BY
USING
THE
ELECTRO-SPINNING
PROCESS
285
PREPARATION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
NANOFIBERS
285
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
FIBERS
285
ALUMINA
FIBERS
286
BATIO,
NANOFIBER
287
APPLICATIONS
OF
ELECTROSPUN
NANOFIBERS
287
NANOFIBERS
IN
AIR
FILTRATION
287
NANOFIBER
IN
WATER
FILTRATION
288
RECYCLED
PET
(RPET)
NANOFIBERS
FOR
WATER
FILTRATION
289
ENERGY
CONVERSION
AND
STORAGE
DEVICE
290
NANOFIBERS
IN
SOLAR
CELLS
290
NANOFIBER-BASED
LI-S
AND
LIO
2
BATTERIES
290
CONCLUSIONS
291
REFERENCES
292
15
RECENT
ADVANCEMENTS
IN
THE
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
301
SATISH
TEOTIA,
ANISHA
CHAUDHARY,
ASHISH
GUPTA,
AND
HEMA
GARG
15.1
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.2
15.4.3
15.4.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
INTRODUCTION
301
NATURAL
FIBERS
301
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
303
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
(NFRCS)
304
ADVANCEMENT
IN
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
305
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NFRCS
306
FIBER
TREATMENT
AND
MODIFICATION
307
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
307
COUPLING
AGENT
309
FIBER
HYBRIDIZATION
310
REINFORCEMENT
WITH
NANOCELLULOSIC
FILLERS
312
FLAME
RETARDANT
PROPERTIES
OF
THE
NFRCS
312
WATER
ABSORPTION
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
NFRCS
313
ADVANCEMENT
OF
CONVENTIONAL
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
314
3D
PRINTING
IN
NFRCS
316
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER COMPOSITES
APPLICATION
317
SUMMARY
AND
PROSPECTS
319
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
320
REFERENCES
320 |
| adam_txt |
VII
CONTENTS
PREFACE
XVII
ABOUT
THE
EDITORS
XIX
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
GLASS
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
AND
STRUCTURES
1
JAY
PRAKASH
SRIVASTAVA
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.2
APPLICATIONS
2
1.3
CLASSIFICATION
OF
GFRC
5
1.3.1
A-TYPE
5
1.3.2
C-TYPE
6
1.3.3
D-TYPE
6
1.3.4
E-TYPE
7
1.3.5
R-,
S-,
AND
T-TYPE
7
1.3.6
S2-TYPE
7
1.3.7
M-TYPE
7
1.3.8
Z-TYPE
7
1.4
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED
ON
FORM
8
1.5
STRUCTURE
9
1.6
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
1.7
CONCLUSION
13
REFERENCES
13
2
SYNTHESIS
OF
COTTON
FIBER
AND
ITS
STRUCTURE
17
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
CHERALA
SAI
RAM,
JAY
P
SRIVASTAVA,
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
AND
ASHWINI
KUMAR
2.1
INTRODUCTION
17
2.2
COTTON
FIBER
CLASSIFICATION
17
2.2.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
THE
COTTON
FIBER
BASED
ON
THE
STRENGTH
IB
2.2.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
THE
COTTON
FIBER
BASED
ON
FIBER
LENGTH
UNIFORMITY
IB
2.2.3
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
FIBER
FINENESS
IB
2.2.4
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
FIBER
COLOR
IB
2.2.5
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
TRASH
IB
VIII
CONTENTS
2.2.6
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
LEAF
GRADE
18
2.2.7
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
EXTRANEOUS
MATERIALS
19
2.2.8
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
THE
COTTON
BASED
ON
MODULE
AVERAGING
19
2.3
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
COTTON
FIBERS
21
2.4
SOLVENTS
FOR
COTTON
21
2.5
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
OF
COTTON
FIBER
22
2.6
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
23
2.7
STRUCTURAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
25
2.7.1
CONSTITUTION AND
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
DISTRIBUTIONS
25
2.7.2
COTTON
FIBER
STRUCTURE
25
2.7.3
MICROSCOPIC
VIEW
OF
COTTON
FIBER
26
2.7.4
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER
26
2.8
CHARACTERIZATION
METHODS
OF
COTTON
FIBER
27
2.8.1
MEASUREMENT
OF
DENSITY
27
2.8.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
DIAMETER
27
2.9
X-RAY
DIFFRACTION
(XRD)
ANALYSIS
28
2.10
FOURIER
TRANSFORMATION
BY
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
(FTIR)
ANALYSIS
29
2.11
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
(TGA)
29
2.12
INVESTIGATION
OF
SCANNING
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
30
2.13
INVESTIGATION
OF
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
31
2.14
CONCLUSIONS
32
REFERENCES
32
3
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITE
AND
STRUCTURES
37
RUPITA
GHOSH,
SUBHADIP
DAS,
SARADA
P.
MALLICK,
AND
RAJAN
3.1
INTRODUCTION
37
3.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
38
3.3
SYNTHESIS
OF
CARBON
FIBER
38
3.4
SURFACE
TREATMENT
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
40
3.5
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
WITH
POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
41
3.5.1
MANUFACTURING
OF
THE
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
REINFORCED
WITH
CARBON
FIBERS
42
3.5.1.1
HAND
LAY-UP
AND
SPRAY-UP
PROCESS
42
3.5.1.2
MOLDING
43
3.5.1.3
FILAMENT
WINDING
43
3.5.1.4
PULTRUSION
44
3.5.1.5
INJECTION
MOLDING
44
3.5.2
REINFORCEMENT
OF
CARBON
FIBERS
AND
PROPERTIES
OF
CFRP
COMPOSITES
44
3.6
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CERAMIC
MATRIX COMPOSITES
46
3.6.1
STRUCTURE
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CMCS
47
3.6.2
SYNTHESIS
AND
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CMCS
48
3.6.2.1
HOT
PRESSING
48
3.6.2.2
SPARK
PLASMA
SINTERING
(SPS)
48
3.6.2.3
INFILTRATION
METHODS
49
CONTENTS
IX
3.6.2.4
3.6.2.5
3.6.2.6
3.6.2.7
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.2.1
SLURRY
INFILTRATION
PROCESS
50
REACTIVE
MELT
INFILTRATION
51
POLYMER
INFILTRATION
AND
PYROLYSIS
52
SOL-GEL
INFILTRATION
PROCESS
52
CARBON-FIBER-REINFORCED
CARBON
MATRIX
COMPOSITES
53
STRUCTURE
OF
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITES
53
SYNTHESIS
OF
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITES
53
THERMOSETTING
RESIN-BASED
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITE
AND
PROPERTIES
54
3.7.2.2
THERMOPLASTIC
PITCH-BASED
CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITE
AND
PROPERTIES
56
3.7.2.3
3.8
CHEMICAL
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
(CVD)
AND
PROPERTIES
57
CONCLUSION
59
REFERENCES
59
4
INTRODUCTION
TO
SEMISYNTHETIC
AND
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
BASED
COMPOSITES
67
VISHAL
N.
SULAKHE
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
4.2.1.4
4.2.1.5
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6
4.3
4.4
INTRODUCTION
67
CLASSIFICATIONS
69
SEMISYNTHETIC
FIBERS
69
RAYON
69
MODAL
FIBER
69
BAMBOO
RAYON
70
SEACELL
FIBER
70
ACETATE
FIBERS
70
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
71
GLASS
FIBERS
71
CARBON
FIBER
72
GRAPHENE
FIBER
73
BASALT
FIBER
73
KEVLAR
73
NYLON
AND
TERYLENE
74
CHALLENGES
74
CONCLUSIONS
75
REFERENCES
75
5
TRIBOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
81
A.
MUTHURAJA
AND
DIPEN
KUMAR
RAJAK
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
INTRODUCTION
81
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT-ALKALINE
TREATMENT
83
ALKALINE
TREATMENT
(MERCERIZATION)
83
SILANE
COUPLING
AGENTS
(SILANIZATION)
83
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SYNTHETIC
AND
NATURAL
FIBERS
83
X
CONTENTS
5.3
5.4
5.5
TRIBOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
CHEMICALLY
TREATED
COMPOSITES
84
TRIBOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
87
CONCLUSION
89
REFERENCES
89
6
NONSTRUCTURAL
APPLICATIONS
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
COMPOSITES
93
ASHISH
GUPTA,
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
MANDEEP
SINGH,
HEMA
GARG,
ANISHA
CHAUDHARY,
AND
SANJAY
R.
DHAKATE
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2
6.2.1.3
6.2.1.4
6.2.1.5
6.2.2
6.2.2.1
6.2.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.2.3.4
6.2.4
6.2.4.1
6.2.4.2
6.3
INTRODUCTION
93
NONSTRUCTURAL
APPLICATIONS
OF
SFRCS
94
ENERGY
SECTOR
95
BATTERIES
95
SUPERCAPACITORS
96
FUEL
CELLS
97
THERMAL
ENERGY
STORAGE
(TES)
TECHNOLOGY
99
THERMOELECTRIC
ENERGY
ENERATION
99
MECHANICAL
INDUSTRY
101
TRIBOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS
101
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
102
ELECTRONIC
SECTOR
102
LIGHT
EMITTING
DIODE
(LED)
DEVICES
103
FIELD-EFFECT
TRANSISTORS
(FET)
104
SENSORS
104
EMI
SHIELDING
106
MEDICAL
SECTOR
107
DRUG
DELIVERY
107
PROTEIN/GENE
THERAPY
108
CONCLUSIONS
AND
FUTURE
CHALLENGES
108
REFERENCES
109
7
STRUCTURAL
EVOLUTION,
MECHANICAL
FEATURES,
AND
FUTURE
POSSIBILITIES
OF
FIBER,
TEXTILE,
AND
NANO-CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS
117
PRASHANT
RAWAT,
SAI
LIU,
AND
DEJU
ZHU
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5
7.3
HISTORY
OF
FIBER
AND
TEXTILE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
117
COMPONENTS
OF
CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS
119
MATRIX
MATERIALS
119
REINFORCEMENTS
121
SHORT
DISCONTINUOUS
FIBERS
121
TEXTILES/WOVEN
123
ADVANCED
NANOPARTICLES
126
MECHANICAL
PERFORMANCE
OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
127
CONTENTS
XI
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.4
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
SF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
128
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
TEXTILE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
128
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
NANOPARTICLES
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
129
OUTLOOK
AND
FUTURE
OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
130
REFERENCES
131
8
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
137
PANKAJ
KUMAR,
CHERALA
SAI
RAM,
JAY
P.
SRIVASTAVA,
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
AND
ARUN
K.
BEHURA
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
8.2.9
8.2.10
8.3
FABRICATION
PROCESS
FOR
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITE
137
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
138
TENSILE
STRENGTH
138
BUCKLE
POWER
139
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
140
IMPACT
STRENGTH
141
HARDNESS
142
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
(TGA)
142
WATER
ABSORPTION
TEST
143
MICROSCOPIC
MORPHOLOGY
144
FOURIER
TRANSFORMATION
BY
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
(FTIR)
ANALYSIS
145
INVESTIGATION
OF
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
146
LIFE
CYCLE
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
OF
COTTON
FIBERS
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
147
8.4
8.5
THE
DURABILITY
OF
COTTON
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
148
CONCLUSIONS
148
REFERENCES
148
9
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON
NANOTUBES
(CNT)
155
VIJAY
K.
SINGH,
PUNEET
KUMAR,
SUNIL
K.
YADAV,
CHANDRASEKHAR
SARAN,
AND
KAKI
V.
RAO
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.4
INTRODUCTION
155
CARBON
NANOTUBES
FAMILY
156
SINGLE-WALLED
CARBON
NANOTUBE
(SWCNT)
156
MULTIWALLED
CARBON
NANOTUBE
(MWCNT)
157
PROPERTIES
OF
CNTS
157
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
157
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
157
ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
158
ELECTRONIC
PROPERTIES
159
FIELD-EMISSION
PROPERTIES
159
CONCLUSION
160
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
160
REFERENCES
161
XII
CONTENTS
10
MECHANICAL
AND
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SISAL
FIBER-BASED
COMPOSITES
163
VIVEK
MISHRA,
ALOK
AGRAWAL,
SAURABH
CHANDRAKER,
AND
ABHISHEK
SHARMA
10.1
10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.2.4
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.4
INTRODUCTION
163
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SISAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
166
TENSILE
PROPERTIES
167
FLEXURAL
PROPERTIES
168
IMPACT
PROPERTIES
171
HARDNESS
173
THERMAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
SISAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
175
THERMAL
STABILITY
175
GLASS
TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE
179
CONCLUSION
181
REFERENCES
182
11
MECHANICAL,
ELECTRICAL,
MAGNETIC,
AND
SMART
PROPERTIES
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
COMPOSITES
187
HEMA
GARG,
JAYASHREE
MOHANTY,
ABHISHEK
K.
PATHAK,
ASHISH
GUPTA,
SATISH
TEOTIA,
AND
BIPIN
KUMAR
11.1
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.3.1
11.2.3.2
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
11.3.5
11.3.6
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
INTRODUCTION
187
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
FRP
188
TENSILE
PROPERTIES
189
FLEXURAL
PROPERTIES
190
INTERLAMINAR
PROPERTIES
191
ILSS
AND
IFSS
192
INTERLAMINAR
FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS
193
INFLUENTIAL
PARAMETERS
ON
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
FRP
194
INFLUENCE
OF
FIBER
TYPES
194
INFLUENCE
OF
MATRIX
195
EFFECT
OF
NANOFILLERS
195
ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
198
MAGNETIC
AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC
PROPERTIES
200
ELECTROMAGNETIC
PROPERTIES:
EMI
SHIELDING
201
SMART
PROPERTIES
201
SHAPE
MEMORY COMPOSITES
202
SELF-HEALING
COMPOSITES
203
REFERENCES
204
12
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NATURAL
BASED
FIBERS
COMPOSITES
211
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
DIPEN
K.
RAJAK,
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
12.1
12.2
12.2.1
12.2.2
12.2.3
INTRODUCTION
211
NATURAL
FIBERS
214
NATURAL
PLANT
FIBERS
215
RESINS
217
FILLERS
217
CONTENTS
XIII
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.4
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.6
12.7
12.8
THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC
INVESTIGATION
218
ISOTHERMIC
AND
NON-ISOTHERMIC
THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC
INVESTIGATION
219
EQUATION
OF
COATS-REDFERN
220
EQUATION
OF
HOROWITZ-METZGER
220
CHOICE
OF
SUBSTANCE
BASED
ON
TGI
220
COMMON
FIBRIL-STRENGTHENED
COMPOUNDS
221
THERMOSETTING
COMPOUNDS
221
LAMINATE
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
223
COMMON
FIBER-STRENGTHENED
BIO
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
224
BLEND
OF
NANO
COMPOUNDS
228
CONCLUSION
AND
SUMMARY
229
REFERENCES
230
13
THERMIC
AND
MECHANICAL
VALUABLES
OF
SYNTHETIC
BASED
FIBERS
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
241
ARUN
K.
BEHURA,
ASHWINI
KUMAR,
DIPEN
K.
RAJAK,
AND
PANKAJ
KUMAR
13.1
13.2
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
INTRODUCTION
241
SYNTHETIC
FIBERS
242
CARBON
FIBRILS
242
GLASS
FIBRILS
243
BLEND
FIBRIL-BASED
AGROCHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
244
SYNTHETIC
REINFORCED
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
245
IMPLEMENTATIONS
OF
POLYMERIZED
FIBRIL
AGROCHEMICAL
HYBRID
COMPOUNDS
245
13.4
THERMAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BLEND
POLYMERIZED
FIBRIL
STRENGTHENED
COMPOUNDS
246
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.5
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
GLASSY
CARBON
(WOVEN)
248
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
KEVLAR
249
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON
FIBRILS
249
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
OF
BASALT
FIBERS
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
250
MECHANICAL
AND
PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BLEND
FIBER
COMPOUNDS
250
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.6
EPOXY
BASED-HYBRID
COMPOSITES
250
POLYESTER
BASED
HYBRID
COMPOSITES
252
(C2H4),
BASIS
OF
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
252
THERMO-COOL
BASIS
OF
BLEND
COMPOUNDS
253
CONCLUSIONS
AND
SUMMARY
253
REFERENCES
254
14
ADVANCEMENT
OF
NATURAL
FIBER-BASED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
261
SIVARAMAKRISHNAN
NATESAN,
BISWAJIT
PARIDA,
NITHYA
NATESAN,
MUTHURAJA
AYYANKALAI,
WALEED
ALHAZMI,
AND
ANIL
K.
DEEPATI
14.1
14.1.1
INTRODUCTION
OF
SYNTHETIC
FIBER
261
FIBER-REINFORCED
PLASTIC
(FRP)
COMPOSITES
262
XIV
|
CONTENTS
14.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
NATURAL
FIBERS
262
14.2.1
PLANT
FIBERS
263
14.2.1.1
SEED
FIBERS
263
14.2.1.2
LEAF
FIBERS
264
14.2.1.3
BAST
FIBERS
264
14.2.1.4
STALK
FIBERS
265
14.2.2
ANIMAL
FIBERS
266
14.2.2.1
WOOL
266
14.2.2.2
MOHAIR
266
14.2.2.3
CASHMERE
266
14.2.2.4
ALPACA
HAIR
266
14.2.2.5
ANGORA
HAIR
267
14.2.2.6
SILK
FIBER
267
14.2.2.7
AVIAN
FIBER
267
14.2.3
MINERAL
FIBERS
267
14.3
SYNTHESIS
AND
PRODUCTION
OF
NATURAL
FIBERS
267
14.3.1
EXTRACTION
OF
FIBERS
267
14.3.2
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
PLANT-BASED
FIBER
268
14.3.3
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
ANIMAL
FIBER
268
14.3.3.1
ANIMAL
WOOL
AND HAIR
FIBER
PROCESSING
269
14.3.3.2
SILK
FIBER
PROCESSING
269
14.3.3.3
FEATHER
AND
AVIAN
FIBER
269
14.3.4
EXTRACTION
AND
PROCESSING
OF
MINERAL
FIBER
269
14.3.4.1
ASBESTOS
269
14.3.4.2
CERAMIC
FIBER
270
14.3.4.3
METAL
FIBER
270
14.4
TREATMENT
AND
ENHANCEMENT
OF
NATURAL
FIBER
270
14.4.1
PHYSICAL
TREATMENT
271
14.4.1.1
MECHANICAL
TREATMENT
271
14.4.1.2
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
272
14.4.1.3
ELECTRIC
DISCHARGE
272
14.4.2
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
273
14.4.2.1
ALKALINE
TREATMENT
(MERCERIZATION)
274
14.4.2.2
ACETONE
TREATMENT
274
14.4.2.3
PEROXIDE
(BENZOYLATION)
TREATMENT
275
14.4.2.4
SILANE
COUPLING
AGENTS
(SILANIZATION)
275
14.4.3
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
275
14.5
FABRICATION
OF
TECHNIQUES
OF
NFRC
275
14.5.1
HAND
LAY-UP
TECHNIQUE
276
14.5.2
VACUUM
INFUSION
MOLDING
276
14.5.3
SPRAY
LAY-UP
TECHNIQUE
276
14.5.4
PULTRUSION
277
14.5.5
RESIN
TRANSFER
MOLDING
(RTM)
277
14.6
MECHANICAL
PERFORMANCE
OF
NATURAL
FIBER
REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
(NFRP)
277
CONTENTS
I
XV
INDEX
329
14.6.1
14.7
14.7.1
14.8
14.8.1
INFLUENCE
OF
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
277
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
279
FIBER
PERCENTAGE
(%)
279
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
AND
ITS
APPLICATION
OF
NANOFIBER
281
EFFECT
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
OF
NANOFIBERS
OVER
MECHANICAL
AND
TRIBOLOGICAL
FIBERS
281
14.8.2
14.8.3
14.9
14.9.1
14.9.2
14.9.3
14.10
14.10.1
14.10.2
14.10.3
14.10.4
14.10.5
14.10.6
14.11
NANO-BASED
FIBERS
284
SYNTHESIS
OF
NANOFIBER
BY
USING
THE
ELECTRO-SPINNING
PROCESS
285
PREPARATION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
NANOFIBERS
285
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
FIBERS
285
ALUMINA
FIBERS
286
BATIO,
NANOFIBER
287
APPLICATIONS
OF
ELECTROSPUN
NANOFIBERS
287
NANOFIBERS
IN
AIR
FILTRATION
287
NANOFIBER
IN
WATER
FILTRATION
288
RECYCLED
PET
(RPET)
NANOFIBERS
FOR
WATER
FILTRATION
289
ENERGY
CONVERSION
AND
STORAGE
DEVICE
290
NANOFIBERS
IN
SOLAR
CELLS
290
NANOFIBER-BASED
LI-S
AND
LIO
2
BATTERIES
290
CONCLUSIONS
291
REFERENCES
292
15
RECENT
ADVANCEMENTS
IN
THE
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
301
SATISH
TEOTIA,
ANISHA
CHAUDHARY,
ASHISH
GUPTA,
AND
HEMA
GARG
15.1
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.2
15.4.3
15.4.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
INTRODUCTION
301
NATURAL
FIBERS
301
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
303
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER
COMPOSITES
(NFRCS)
304
ADVANCEMENT
IN
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
305
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
NFRCS
306
FIBER
TREATMENT
AND
MODIFICATION
307
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT
307
COUPLING
AGENT
309
FIBER
HYBRIDIZATION
310
REINFORCEMENT
WITH
NANOCELLULOSIC
FILLERS
312
FLAME
RETARDANT
PROPERTIES
OF
THE
NFRCS
312
WATER
ABSORPTION
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
NFRCS
313
ADVANCEMENT
OF
CONVENTIONAL
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
314
3D
PRINTING
IN
NFRCS
316
NATURAL
FIBER-REINFORCED
POLYMER COMPOSITES
APPLICATION
317
SUMMARY
AND
PROSPECTS
319
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
320
REFERENCES
320 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Rangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere Rajak, Dipen Kumar 1990- Suchart Siengchin |
| author2_role | edt edt edt |
| author2_variant | s m r sm smr d k r dk dkr s s ss |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1219460885 (DE-588)125255513X (DE-588)136810772 |
| author_facet | Rangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere Rajak, Dipen Kumar 1990- Suchart Siengchin |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049372439 |
| classification_rvk | UQ 8420 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1395560039 (DE-599)DNB1238381626 |
| dewey-full | 620.118 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.118 |
| dewey-search | 620.118 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.118 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV049372439 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:54:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T04:08:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16179388-5 |
| isbn | 9783527349302 3527349308 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034632365 |
| oclc_num | 1395560039 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | xxi, 340 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm, 842 g |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications edited by Sanjay M. Rangappa, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Suchart Siengchin Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCH [2022] xxi, 340 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm, 842 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4369521-8 gnd rswk-swf Faserverbundwerkstoff (DE-588)4134341-4 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd rswk-swf Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4126056-9 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre (DE-588)4581365-6 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstofffaser (DE-588)4128150-0 gnd rswk-swf Naturfaser (DE-588)4127568-8 gnd rswk-swf Mechanische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4217961-0 gnd rswk-swf Glasfaser (DE-588)4021153-8 gnd rswk-swf Baumwollfaser (DE-588)4136931-2 gnd rswk-swf Chemiefaser (DE-588)4069934-1 gnd rswk-swf Chemie Chemistry Composites Industrial Chemistry Materials Science Materialwissenschaften Polymer processing Polymer Science & Technology Polymerverarbeitung Polymerwissenschaft u. -technologie Technische u. Industrielle Chemie Verbundwerkstoffe CH30: Technische u. Industrielle Chemie MSF0: Verbundwerkstoffe PY10: Polymerverarbeitung Verbundwerkstoff Faserverbundwerkstoff (DE-588)4134341-4 s DE-604 Glasfaser (DE-588)4021153-8 s Baumwollfaser (DE-588)4136931-2 s Kohlenstofffaser (DE-588)4128150-0 s Chemiefaser (DE-588)4069934-1 s Naturfaser (DE-588)4127568-8 s Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 s Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4369521-8 s Mechanische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4217961-0 s Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4126056-9 s Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre (DE-588)4581365-6 s Rangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere (DE-588)1219460885 edt Rajak, Dipen Kumar 1990- (DE-588)125255513X edt Suchart Siengchin (DE-588)136810772 edt Wiley-VCH (DE-588)16179388-5 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-527-83298-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-83300-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-527-83299-6 X:MVB http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-34930-2/ B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1238381626/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034632365&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p dnb 20230818 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb 2\p dnb 20230818 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb |
| spellingShingle | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4369521-8 gnd Faserverbundwerkstoff (DE-588)4134341-4 gnd Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4126056-9 gnd Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre (DE-588)4581365-6 gnd Kohlenstofffaser (DE-588)4128150-0 gnd Naturfaser (DE-588)4127568-8 gnd Mechanische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4217961-0 gnd Glasfaser (DE-588)4021153-8 gnd Baumwollfaser (DE-588)4136931-2 gnd Chemiefaser (DE-588)4069934-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4369521-8 (DE-588)4134341-4 (DE-588)4133806-6 (DE-588)4126056-9 (DE-588)4581365-6 (DE-588)4128150-0 (DE-588)4127568-8 (DE-588)4217961-0 (DE-588)4021153-8 (DE-588)4136931-2 (DE-588)4069934-1 |
| title | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications |
| title_auth | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications |
| title_exact_search | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications |
| title_full | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications edited by Sanjay M. Rangappa, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Suchart Siengchin |
| title_fullStr | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications edited by Sanjay M. Rangappa, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Suchart Siengchin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis, properties, and applications edited by Sanjay M. Rangappa, Dipen Kumar Rajak, and Suchart Siengchin |
| title_short | Natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites |
| title_sort | natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composites synthesis properties and applications |
| title_sub | synthesis, properties, and applications |
| topic | Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4369521-8 gnd Faserverbundwerkstoff (DE-588)4134341-4 gnd Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4126056-9 gnd Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre (DE-588)4581365-6 gnd Kohlenstofffaser (DE-588)4128150-0 gnd Naturfaser (DE-588)4127568-8 gnd Mechanische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4217961-0 gnd Glasfaser (DE-588)4021153-8 gnd Baumwollfaser (DE-588)4136931-2 gnd Chemiefaser (DE-588)4069934-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft Faserverbundwerkstoff Chemische Synthese Thermodynamische Eigenschaft Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre Kohlenstofffaser Naturfaser Mechanische Eigenschaft Glasfaser Baumwollfaser Chemiefaser |
| url | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-34930-2/ https://d-nb.info/1238381626/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034632365&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rangappasanjaymavinkere naturalandsyntheticfiberreinforcedcompositessynthesispropertiesandapplications AT rajakdipenkumar naturalandsyntheticfiberreinforcedcompositessynthesispropertiesandapplications AT suchartsiengchin naturalandsyntheticfiberreinforcedcompositessynthesispropertiesandapplications AT wileyvch naturalandsyntheticfiberreinforcedcompositessynthesispropertiesandapplications |
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