New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia
New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young People in Eurasia confronts the sociological problem of the usage of new media by young people in political participation, particularly in Eurasian countries. The author explains how and why new...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2024]
|
| Series: | Contemporary Central Asia: societies, politics, and cultures
Slavic studies Asian studies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young People in Eurasia confronts the sociological problem of the usage of new media by young people in political participation, particularly in Eurasian countries. The author explains how and why new media promotes political participation among young people in Russia and Kazakhstan. While there has been no shortage of analysis about the interlinkage between new media and political participation, this research is different—it explains the mechanisms and reasons of new-media-assisted political participation. This book develops two models—theoretical and New-Media-Led Political Participation—that better explain how new-media use translates into political participation. These models are of paramount importance for the study of new-media-led political participation, which builds in-depth knowledge to the research area from a post-communist perspective. This book not only sheds light on the ways in which, and the reasons why, new media contributes to the nature of political participation, but also explains why citizens use new media in their political participation. The author sets his sights on what occurs downstream, i.e., not in the minds of political leaders and/or well-known oppositionists but on the ground in specific contexts such as cities, towns, and villages by young people. |
| Physical Description: | xiv, 207 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781666927801 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV049357088 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20241203 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 231010s2024 xx |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781666927801 |c Cloth |9 978-1-66692-780-1 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1427322951 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV049357088 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-Re13 |a DE-12 |a DE-29 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Sairambay, Yerkebulan |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1268941182 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan |b exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |c Yerkebulan Sairambay |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London |b Lexington Books |c [2024] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2024 | |
| 300 | |a xiv, 207 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Contemporary Central Asia: societies, politics, and cultures | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Slavic studies | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Asian studies | |
| 520 | 3 | |a New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young People in Eurasia confronts the sociological problem of the usage of new media by young people in political participation, particularly in Eurasian countries. The author explains how and why new media promotes political participation among young people in Russia and Kazakhstan. While there has been no shortage of analysis about the interlinkage between new media and political participation, this research is different—it explains the mechanisms and reasons of new-media-assisted political participation. This book develops two models—theoretical and New-Media-Led Political Participation—that better explain how new-media use translates into political participation. These models are of paramount importance for the study of new-media-led political participation, which builds in-depth knowledge to the research area from a post-communist perspective. This book not only sheds light on the ways in which, and the reasons why, new media contributes to the nature of political participation, but also explains why citizens use new media in their political participation. The author sets his sights on what occurs downstream, i.e., not in the minds of political leaders and/or well-known oppositionists but on the ground in specific contexts such as cities, towns, and villages by young people. | |
| 546 | |a Text englisch | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Jugend |0 (DE-588)4028859-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politische Beteiligung |0 (DE-588)4076215-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Social Media |0 (DE-588)4639271-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erwachsener |g 18-30 Jahre |0 (DE-588)4192975-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kasachstan |0 (DE-588)4029839-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Kasachstan |0 (DE-588)4029839-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Jugend |0 (DE-588)4028859-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Erwachsener |g 18-30 Jahre |0 (DE-588)4192975-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Social Media |0 (DE-588)4639271-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Politische Beteiligung |0 (DE-588)4076215-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-66692-781-8 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Gemischte Register |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20231220 | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 070.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 5845 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 5845 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 5845 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 070.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 471 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034617301 | |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1817416744832073728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Acknowledgments xi xiii Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 The Study of New Media and Political Participation 2 New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan 31 3 New Media Political Participation Models 65 4 How Young People Use New Media in Political Participation 93 5 The Role of Civic Engagement in New-Media-Led Political Participation 107 Why Young People Use New Media in Political Participation 137 6 7 Conclusions 169 References 177 Index 203 About the Author 207 V
References Adelson, Jill L., and D. Betsy Mccoach. 2010. “Measuring the Mathematical Atti tudes of Elementary Students: The Effects of a 4-Point or 5-Point Likert-Type Scale.” Educational and Psychological Measurement IQ, no 5: 796-807. Adilet.zan.kz. 2020. “On the Procedure for Organizing and
Holding Peaceful Assem blies in the Republic of Kazakhstan.” Accessed July 23, 2021. https://adilet.zan.kz /eng/docs/Z2000000333. Ahmed, Saifuddin. 2020. “Concurrent Media News Use and Gender-Based Political Participation Inequality in a Low-Income Democracy.” International Journal of Public
Opinion Research 32, no. 4: 815-28. Aine, Ruth. 2016. “Social Media Usage in Uganda and How It Affects Political and Social Communication.” In Assessing the Impact of Social Media on Politi cal Communication and Civic Engagement in Uganda, edited by Mathias Kamp, 53-71. Kampala, Uganda: Konrad-
Adenauer-Stiftung. Akkuly, Sultan-Khan. 2011. “Казахстан Без Политической Культуры [Kazakhstan Without a Political Culture].” Accessed August 9, 2019. https://rus.azattyq.Org/a/ kazakhstan_clerk_moral_code/16797752.html. Akorda.kz. 2020. “Мемлекет Басшысы «Казахстан Республикасыньщ Кейб1р Зацнамалых
Акт1лер1не Ерекше Коргалатын Табиги Аумактар Мэселелер! Бойынша 0згер1стер Мен Толыхтырулар Енпзу Туралы» Казахстан Республикасыньщ Занына Кол Койды [The Head of State Signed the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legisla tive Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan
on Issues of Specially Protected Natu ral Areas’].” Accessed October 11, 2020.
https://www.akorda.kz/kz/legal_acts/ laws/memleket-basshysy-kazakstan-respublikasynyn-keibir-zannamalyk-aktilerine -erekshe-korgalatyn-tabigi-aumaktar-maseleleri-boiynsha-ozgerister-m. Alekhina, Margarita. 2021. “Суд Признал ФБК и Штабы Навального Экстремистскими Организациями [The Court Recognised the ACF and the Headquarters of Navalny as Extremist Organizations].” Accessed January 22, 2023. https://www.rbc.ru/politics/09/06/2021/608670e09a7947709c4de06c. 177
178 References Allaste, Airi-Alina, and Kari Saari. 2020. “Social Media and Participation in Different Socio-Political Contexts: Cases of Estonia and Finland.” Young 28, no. 2: 138-56. Almond, Gabriel Abraham, and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Altayeva, A., and A. Altayev. 2018. “Social Networks in the Information and Com munication Space of Kazakhstan.” KazNU BULLETIN. Accessed May 9, 2019. https://articlekz.com/en/article/18724 . American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2011. Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys, 7th ed. AAPOR, Alexandria, VA. Amnâ, Erik, and Joakim Ekman. 2014. “Standby Citizens: Diverse Faces of Political Passivity.” European Political Science Review 6, no. 2: 261-81. Anceschi, Luca. 2015. “The Persistence of Media Control Under Consolidated Authoritarianism: Containing Kazakhstan’s Digital Media.” Demokratizatsiya 23, no. 3: 277-95. Anduiza, Eva, Michael James Jensen, and Laia Jorba. 2012. Digital Media and Political Engagement Worldwide: A Comparative Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anson, Ian G. 2018. “Taking the Time? Explaining Effortful Participation Among Low-Cost Online Survey Participants.” Research Politics 5, no. 3: 1-8. https:// doi.org/10.1177/2053168018785483. Aricat, Rajiv George. 2015. “Mobile/Social Media Use for Political Purposes Among Migrant Laborers in Singapore.” Journal of Information Technology Politics 12, no. 1: 18-36. Astapkovich, Vladimir. 2013. “Russian
Labor Day: Rallies, Ridicule and Revelry as Tens of Thousands Take Part.” Russia Today, May 1, 2013. https://www.rt.com/ russia/labor-day-russia-politics-671/. Asylbek, Bagdat. 2021. “Акимат Алматы Отказал в Проведении Земельного Митинга. Мамай Заявил о Планах Выйти на Площадь [Akimat of Almaty Refused to Hold a Land Rally. Mamai Announced Plans to Enter the Square].” Accessed August 4, 2021. https://rus.azattyq.Org/a/31218667.html. Ayoub, Phillip Μ., Sophia J. Wallace, and Chris Zepeda-Millan. 2014. “Triangulation in Social Movement Research.” In Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research, edited by Donatella della Porta, 68-97. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Barassi, Veronica, and Emiliano Treré. 2012. “Does Web 3.0 Come After Web 2.0? Deconstructing Theoretical Assumptions Through Practice.” New Media Society 14, no. 8: 1269-85. Baumgartner, Jody C„ and Jonathan S. 2010. “MyFaceTube Politics: Social Net working Web Sites and Political Engagement of Young Adults.” Social Science Computer Review 28, no. 1: 24-^14. Beimenbetov, Serik. 2019. “Modernization Process and Political Culture in Kazakh stan.” Accessed July 26, 2019. https://www.academia.edu/18072508/Modernization_process_and_political_culture_in_Kazakhstan. Beissinger, Mark R. 2017. “‘Conventional’ and ‘Virtual’ Civil Societies in Autocratic Regimes.” Comparative Politics 49, no. 3: 351-71.
References 179 Bekmagambetov, Amanzhol, Kevin Μ. Wagner, Jason Gainous, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Adil Rodionov, and Bagysh Gabdulina. 2018. “Critical Social Media Information Flows: Political Trust and Protest Behaviour Among Kazakhstani College Stu dents.” Central Asian Survey 37, no. 4: 526—15. Bennett, W. Lance. 2012. “The Personalization of Politics: Political Identity, Social Media, and Changing Patterns of Participation.” The Annals of the American Acad emy of Political and Social Science 644, no. 1: 20-39. Berger, Ben. 2011. Attention Deficit Democracy: The Paradox of Civic Engagement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Beshley, Olga. 2021. “VK, Rutube и Российский Аналог TikTok. Зачем "Газпром— медиа” Собирает Соцсети [VK, Rutube and Russian Analog TikTok. Why Gazprom-Media Collects Social Media].” Accessed July 15, 2022. https:// www.currenttime.tv/a/chem-grozit-polzovatelyam-smena-vladeltsa-kompanii-vk /31592970.html. Bimber, Bruce, Andrew J. Flanagin, and Cynthia Stohl. 2005. “Reconceptualising Collective Action in the Contemporary Media Environment.” Communication Theory 15, no. 4: 365-88. Bode, Nicole, and Andrey Makarychev. 2013. “The New Social Media in Russia: Political Blogging by the Government and the Opposition.” Problems of Post Communism 60, no. 2: 53-62. Boulianne, Shelley. 2009. “Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Meta-Analysis of Research.” Political Communication 26, no. 2: 193-211. Boulianne, Shelley. 2011. “Stimulating or Reinforcing Political Interest: Using Panel Data to Examine Reciprocal Effects Between News Media Use and Political
Inter est.” Political Communication 28, no. 2: 147-62. Boulianne, Shelley. 2015. “Social Media Use and Participation: A Meta-Analysis of Current Research.” Information, Communication Society 18, no. 5: 1-15. Bradley, Jane. 2022. “Ukraine-Russia: Russian ‘Instagram Clone’ Launches After US Social Media Site Banned.” The Scotsman, March 28, 2022. https://www.scotsman .com/news/world/ukraine-russia-russian-instagram-clone-launches-after-us-social -media-site-banned-3630137. Brady, Henry E. 1999. “Political Participation.” In Measures of Political Attitudes, edited by John P. Robinson, Phillip R. Shaver, and Lawrence S. Wrightsman, 737-801. San Diego: Academic Press. Breeze, Maddie, Hugo Gorringe, Lynn Jamieson, and Michael Rosie. 2017. “Becom ing Independent: Political Participation and Youth Transitions in the Scottish Ref erendum.” The British Journal of Sociology 68, no. 4: 754—74. Brodie, Ellie, Eddie Cowling, Nina Nissen, Angela Ellis Paine, Véronique Jochum, and Diane Warburton. 2009. Understanding Participation: A Literature Review. London: Involve. Calenda, Davide, and Albert Meijer. 2009. “Young People, the Internet and Political Participation.” Information, Communication Society 12, no. 6: 879-98. Campante, Filipe, Ruben Durante, and Francesco Sobbrio. 2018. “Politics 2.0: The Multifaceted Effect of Broadband Internet on Political Participation.” Journal of the European Economic Association 16, no. 4: 1094-136.
180 References Cantijoch, Marta, David Cutts, and Rachel Gibson. 2016a. “Moving Slowly up the Ladder of Political Engagement: A ‘Spill-over’ Model of Internet Participation.” The British Journal of Politics International Relations 18, no. 1: 26—48. Cantijoch, Marta, Silvia Galandini, and Rachel Gibson. 2016b. “‘It’s Not About Me, It’s about My Community’: A Mixed-Method Study of Civic Websites and Com munity Efficacy.” New Media Society 18, no. 9: 1896-1915. Cantijoch, Cunill Marta, David Cutts, and Rachel Gibson. 2018. “Does Mode Mat ter? Measuring the Effects of Different Types of Online Political Engagement on Offline Participation.” Comunicaçào, Midia E Consuma 15, no. 43: 10-40. Carpentier, Nico. 2011. Media and Participation: A Site of Ideological-Democratic Struggle. Bristol; Chicago: Intellect. Carson, Andrea, and Ariadne Vromen. 2018. “Introduction: International Approaches to Online Political Participation and Connective Action.” Australian Journal of Political Science 53, no. 1: 73-77. Castells, Manuel. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Aufl., Newark: Polity. Casteltrione, Isidoropaolo, and Magda Pieczka. 2018. “Mediating the Contributions of Facebook to Political Participation in Italy and the UK: The Role of Media and Political Landscapes.” Palgrave Communications 4, no. 1: 1-11. Castro, Frank. 2015. ‘The Virtual Colosseum: Overcoming Social Media’s Dark Side.” Accessed May 18, 2019. https://medium.eom/@FrankCastro/the-virtual -colosseum-overcoming-social-media-s-dark-side-c303db23d805. Central Asia Barometer. 2020.
“About.” Accessed November 1, 2020. http://www.ca -barometer.org/en/about. Centre for Economic and Political Reforms website, n.d.a. Accessed September 8, 2019. http://cepr.su/2016/04/20/sociologicheskij-opros-nedovolstvo-vlastyu-i -otnoshenie-k-protestnym-akeiyam/. Centre for Economic and Political Reforms website, n.d.b. Accessed September 8, 2019. http://cepr.Su/2O18/l l/08/protests-2017-2018/. Chan, Michael, Hsuan-Ting Chen, and Francis L.F. Lee. 2017. “Examining the Roles of Mobile and Social Media in Political Participation: A Cross-national Analysis of Three Asian Societies Using a Communication Mediation Approach.” New Media Society 19, no. 12: 2003-21. Chen, Chao, Yu Bai, and Rui Wang. 2019. “Online Political Efficacy and Political Participation: A Mediation Analysis Based on the Evidence from Taiwan.” New Media Society 21, no. 8: 1667-96. Chunly, Sereyvicheth. 2019. “Facebook and Political Participation in Cambodia: Determinants and Impact of Online Political Behaviours in an Authoritarian State.” South East Asia Research 27, no. 4: 378-97. Coffe, Hilde, and Rosie Campbell. 2017. “Understanding the Link between Citizens’ Political Engagement and Their Definitions of ‘Political’ Activities.” The 2017 ECPR general conference. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://ecpr.eu/Events/ PaperDetails.aspx?PaperID=35076 EventID=96. Cohen, Ariel. 2022. “Kazakhstan’s Stress Test: The January Tragedy and Its After math.” Accessed September 10, 2022. https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications
References 181 /analytical-articles/item/13703-kazakhstan%E2%80%99s-stress-test-the-january -tragedy-and-its-aftermath.html. Coleman, Stephen. 2009. “Making Parliamentary Democracy Visible: Speaking to, with, and for the Public in the Age of Interactive Technology.” In Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics, edited by Andrew Chadwick, and Philip N. Howard, 86-98. Abington: Routledge. Coleman, Stephen, and Jay G. Blumler. 2009. The Internet and Democratic Citizen ship: Theory, Practice and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coleman, Stephen, David E. Morrison, and Scott Anthony. 2012. “A Constructivist Study of Trust in the News.” Journalism Studies 13, no. 1: 37-53. Comai, Giorgio. 2017. “Quantitative Analysis of Web Content in Support of Qualita tive Research: Examples from the Study of Post-Soviet De Facto States.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 9, no. 1: 14-34. Conroy, Meredith, Jessica T. Feezell, and Mario Guerrero. 2012. “Facebook and Political Engagement: A Study of Online Political Group Membership and Offline Political Engagement.” Computers in Human Behavior 28, no. 5: 1535-46. Conroy-Krutz, Jeffrey. 2018. “Media Exposure and Political Participation in a Tran sitional African Context.” World Development 110: 224-42. crisisgroup.org website. 2022. “Behind the Unrest in Kazakhstan.” Accessed Sep tember 15, 2022. https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/central-asia/ kazakhstan/behind-unrest-kazakhstan. D.K. 2019. “Мы Против Переименования Столицы [We Are Against Renaming the Capital].” Accessed July 23, 2021.
https://www.gopetition.com/petitions/%D0 %BC%Dl%8B-%D0%BF%Dl%80%D0%BE%Dl%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B5%Dl%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD %D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%Dl%8F-%Dl%81%Dl%82 %D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D 1 %86%D 1%8B .html. Dahlgren, Peter. 2009. Media and Political Engagement: Citizens, Communication and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Dalton, J. Russell. 2016. The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation is Reshaping American Politics, 2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE; Thousand Oaks: CQ Press. Daçli, Yilmaz. 2019. “Use of Social Media as a Tool for Political Communication in the Field of Politics.” Ordu University Journal of Social Science Research 9, no. 1: 243-51. David, Maxine. 2015. “New Social Media: Modernisation and Démocratisation in Russia.” European Politics and Society 16, no. 1: 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080 /15705854.2014.965892. David, Clarissa C., Rosel S. San Pascual, and Eliza S. Torres. 2019. “Reliance on Facebook for News and Its Influence on Political Engagement.” PloS One 14, no. 3: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/joumal.pone.0212263. Davydov, Dmitry Alexandrovich. 2022. “Dynamics of Mass Protest Actions in Mod em Russia: An Event Study.” Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes 5: 72-93. https://doi.Org/10.14515/monitoring.2022.5.2199.
182 References Dâvila, Maria Celeste, Anna Zlobina, and Gloria Âlvarez-Hernândez. 2021. “Young People’s Social Engagement: Personal Motivations and Social Networks.” Volun tas 33, no. 3: 587-98. DCK website. 2021. “Митинг-Монстрация [Rally-Monstration].” Accessed June 25, 2021. https://sites.google.com/view/kazdvk/6-%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB %D1%8F. De Marco, Stefano, Jose Manuel Robles, and Mirko Antino. 2014. “Digital Skills as a Conditioning Factor for Digital Political Participation.” Communications 39, no. 1: 43-65. Deibert, Ronald, and Rafal Rohozinski. 2010. “Control and Subversion in Russian Cyberspace.” In Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace, edited by Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jona than L. Zittrain, 15-34. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Demetriou, Kyriakos N. 2013. “Introduction.” In Democracy in Transition: Political Participation in the European Union, edited by Kyriakos N. Demetriou, 1-17. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Demoscope. 2019. Accessed November 25,2019. http://demos.kz/rus/index.php7poll =78. Denisova, Anastasia. 2017. “Democracy, Protest and Public Sphere in Russia after the 2011-2012 Anti-Government Protests: Digital Media at Stake.” Media, Culture Society 39, no. 7: 976-94. Dergachev, Vladimir. 2019. “Минюст Объявил Фонд Алексея Навального Иностранным Агентом: Насколько Это Осложнит Деятельность Фонда Борьбы с Коррупцией и Его Восприятие в Обществе [The Ministry of Justice Declared the Fund of Alexei Navalny a Foreign Agent: How Much Will This Com plicate the Activities of the Anti-Corruption Fund and
Its Perception in Society].” Accessed January 22, 2023. https://www.rbc.ru/politics/09/10/2019/5d9dd4019a7 94733fee77221. Deutsch, Karl W. 1961. “Social Mobilization and Political Development.” The American Political Science Review 55, no. 3: 493-514. Diamond, Larry Jay. 2010. “Liberation Technology.” Journal of Democracy 21, no. 3: 69-83. Dimitrova, Daniela V., and Jörg Matthes. 2018. “Social Media in Political Campaign ing Around the World: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges.” Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 2: 333^-2. Dimitrova, Daniela V., Adam Shehata, Jesper Strömbäck, and Lars W. Nord. 2014. “The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns.” Communication Research 41, no. 1: 95-118. Doyle, Charles. 2016. “Web 3.0.” A Dictionary of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford Uni versity Press. Eder, Christina, and Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen. 2017. “Measuring Political Par ticipation.” ECPR General Conference. Oslo, September 6-9, 2017. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/SectionDetails/634. Egorova, Daria. 2022. ‘“3a Z Стоят Лизоблюды Власти.’ Акции Антивоенного Комитета Кубани [‘Behind Z are the Sycophants of Power.’ Actions of the
References 183 Anti-War Committee of Kuban].” Accessed January 15, 2023. https://www .svoboda.org/a/za-z-stoyat-lizoblyudy-vlasti-aktsii-antivoennogo-komiteta-kubani /31849236.html. Ekman, Joakim, and Erik Amnâ. 2012. “Political Participation and Civic Engage ment: Towards a New Typology.” Human Affairs 22, no. 3: 283-300. Eurasianet.org Independent News Organization Website. 2019. Accessed Novem ber 25, 2019. https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-police-now-say-they-detained -4000. Fedushko, Solomia, Yuriy Syerov, and Sofiia Kolos. 2019. “Hashtag as a Way of Archiving and Distributing Information on the Internet.” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mathematics, Information, Technologies, Education, 274-86. http://ceur-ws.Org/Vol-2386Zpaper20.pdf. Fiorina, P. Morris. 2002. “Parties, Participation, and Representation in America: Old Theories Face New Realities.” In Political Science: The State of the Discipline, edited by Ira Katznelson, and Helen V. Milner, 511—41. New York and Washing ton, DC: Norton and American Political Science Association. Florenthal, Bela. 2019. “Students’ Motivation to Participate via Mobile Technology in the Classroom: A Uses and Gratifications Approach.” Journal of Marketing Education 41, no. 3: 234-53. Fokin, Michael. 2019. "Монстрация-2019: ‘Как Бы Вот.’ [Monstration-2019: ‘How Would .’].” Accessed February 9, 2021. https://vn.ru/news-mostratsiya -2019-kak-by-vot-/. Frants, V. A., and O. Keune. 2020. “The Role of Digital Communication in Spreading Socio-Political Protest Moods Among Russian Urban Youth (Using the Example of
Yekaterinburg).” Communications. Media. Design 5, no. 3: 5-22. Friedgut, Theodore H. 1979. Political Participation in the USSR. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Fuchs, Christian. 2008. Internet and Society: Social Theory in the Information Age. New York; London: Routledge. Fuchs, Christian. 2012. “Social Media, Riots, and Revolutions.” Capital Class 36, no. 3: 383-91. Gaber, Elena, Leonid Polishchuk, Kharis Sokolov, and Denis Stukal. 2019. “Chroni cles of a Democracy Postponed: Cultural Legacy of the Russian Transition.” Eco nomics of Transition and Institutional Change 27, no. 1: 99-137. Gaidytè, Teodora, and Bert Klandermans. 2017. “Typologies of Political Participa tion: How and Why Political Behavior Differs Across the World?” ECPR General Conference. Oslo, September 6-9, 2017. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://ecpr .eu/Events/Event/PaperDetails/36990. Galais, Carol, and Eva Anduiza. 2017. “The Slacktivism Crossroad: Causal Rela tionships Between Online and Offline Political Participation.” Accessed April 29, 2021. https://www.oidp.net/docs/repo/doc38.pdf. Gallego, Aina, and Daniel Oberski. 2012. “Personality and Political Participation: The Mediation Hypothesis.” Political Behavior 34, no. 3: 425-51. Gandhi, Jennifer, and Ellen Lust-Okar. 2009. “Elections Under Authoritarianism.” Annual Review of Political Science 12, no. 1: 403-22.
184 References Garcia-Albacete, Gema Μ. 2014. Young People’s Political Participation in Western Europe: Continuity or Generational Change? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Gerbner, George. 1969. “Toward “Cultural Indicators”: The Analysis of Mass Mediated Public Message Systems.” In The Analysis of Communication Content: Developments in Scientific Theories and Computer Techniques, edited by George Gerbner, O.R. Holsti, K. Krippendorff, W.J. Paisley, and P.J. Stone, 123-32. New York, NY: Wiley and Sons. Gibson, Rachel, and Marta Cantijoch. 2013. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Partici pation in the Age of the Internet: Is Online Political Engagement Really Different to Offline?” The Journal of Politics 75, no. 3: 701-16. Gil De Zûniga, Homero, Logan Molyneux, and Pei Zheng. 2014. “Social Media, Political Expression, and Political Participation: Panel Analysis of Lagged and Concurrent Relationships.” Journal of Communication 64, no. 4: 612-34. Goble, Paul. 2019. “New Civic Culture Emerging in Russia, One Based on Regions and Opposed to Moscow, Nikolskaya Says.” Accessed July 28, 2019. http://windowoneurasia2.blogspot.com/2019/05/new-civic-culture-emerging-in-russia.html. Golubev, Sergey. 2022. “Кто Против Войны. Все Открытые Письма с Призывами Остановить Вторжение в Украину [Who Is Against the War: All Open Letters with Calls to Stop the Invasion of Ukraine].” Accessed September 10,2022. https:// zona.media/article/2022/02/27/vse. Gonzâlez-Bailôn, Sandra. 2013. “Online Social Networks and Bottom-Up Politics.” SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2246663. Rochester, NY: Social Science
Research Network. Accessed November 14, 2021. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract. Goroshit, Marina. 2016. “Political Participation: A Latent Variable Approach Testing Measurement Equivalence of Political Participation Using ESS Data.” Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1: 26-38. Gozman, Leonid. 2019. “Накануне Режима ЧП: Четыре Сценария Политического Кризиса в Москве [On the Eve of the State of Emergency: Four Scenarios of a Political Crisis in Moscow].” Accessed June 22, 2020. https://novayagazeta.ru/ articles/2019/08/10/81557-nakanune-rezhima-chp. Görtz, Carl, and Thomas Denk. 2018. “The Significance of Political Awareness: A Lit erature Review with Meta-Analyses.” European Consortium for Political Research General Conference Article. Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, August 22-25, 2018. Accessed May 2, 2020. https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PaperDetails/41664 . Greitens, Sheena Chestnut. 2013. “Authoritarianism Online: What Can We Learn from Internet Data in Nondemocracies?” PS, Political Science Politics 46, no. 2: 262-70. Greuling, Kathrin, and Thomas Kilian. 2014. “Motives for Active Participation in Political Blogs.” Social Science Computer Review 32, no. 2: 221-37. Gudkov, Lev, Natalia Zorkaya, Ekaterina Kochergina, Karina Pipiya, and Alexandra Ryseva. 2020. “Russia’s ‘Generation Z’: Attitudes and Values.” Accessed Decem ber 25, 2020. https://www.fes-russia.org/pokolenie-z/. Gunitsky, Seva. 2015. “Corrupting the Cyber-Commons: Social Media as a Tool of Autocratic Stability.” Perspectives on Politics 13, no. 1: 42-54. https://doi.org/10 .1017/S1537592714003120.
References 185 Guriev, Sergei, and Daniel Treisman. 2019. “Informational Autocrats.” The Jour nal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 4: 100-27. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33 .4.100. Gurylina, Maria Vladimirovna. 2014. “Политическое Участие в Современной России: Социокультурные Аспекты [Political Participation in Modern Russia: Sociocultural Aspects].” Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta 18, no. 3: 157-68. Halupka, Max. 2014. “Clicktivism: A Systematic Heuristic.” Policy and Internet 6, no. 2: 115-32. Han, Rongbin. 2015. “Defending the Authoritarian Regime Online: China’s ‘Volun tary Fifty-cent Army’.” The China Quarterly 224, no. 224: 1006-25. Han, Sam. 2010. “Theorizing New Media: Reflexivity, Knowledge, and the Web 2.0.” Sociological Inquiry 80, no. 2: 200-13. Hantrais, Linda, and Stephen P. Mangen. 1996. Cross-National Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: Pinter. Hendler, J. 2009. “Web 3.0 Emerging.” Computer 42, no. 1: 111-13. Henn, Matt, Ben Oldfield, and James Hart. 2018. “Postmaterialism and Young People’s Political Participation in a Time of Austerity.” The British Journal of Sociology 69, no. 3: 712-37. Henn, Matt, Mark Weinstein, and Dominic Wring. 2002. “A Generation Apart? Youth and Political Participation in Britain.” The British Journal of Politics International Relations 4, no. 2: 167-92. Henry, Laura A. 2012. “Complaint-making as Political Participation in Contemporary Russia.” Communist and Post-communist Studies 45, no. 3-4: 243-54. Hooghe, Marc, and Anna Kern. 2017. “The Tipping Point between Stability and Decline: Trends in Voter Turnout,
1950-1980-2012.” European Political Science 16, no. 4: 535-52. Huntington, Samuel P, and Joan Μ Nelson. 1976. No Easy Choice: Political Partici pation in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hutcheson, Derek S. 2004. “Disengaged or Disenchanted? The Vote ‘Against All’ in Post-Communist Russia.” The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20, no. 1: 98-121. Ibraev, Askhat. 2022. “Как Пытались Захватить Казахстан [How They Tried to Capture Kazakhstan].” Accessed September 13, 2022. https://nomad.su/?a=3 -202201270033. Ihm, Jennifer, and Sangeun Lee. 2021. “How Perceived Costs and Benefits of Initial Social Media Participation Affect Subsequent Community-Based Participation.” Voluntas 32, no. 6: 1320-31. Inkeles, Alex. 1969. “Participant Citizenship in Six Developing Countries.” The American Political Science Review 63, no. 4: 1120^11. Insebayeva, Sabina. 2019. “Visions of Nationhood Youth, Identity and Kazakh Popular Music.” In The Nazarbayev Generation. Youth in Kazakhstan, edited by Marlene Laruelle, 177-90. New York: Lexington Books. interfax.ru 2020. “По ‘делу Голу нова’ Задержаны Пять Бывших Полицейских [Five Frmer Police Officers Detained in the ‘Golunov Case’].” Accessed August 4, 2021. https://www.interfax.ru/russia/693125.
186 References Interfax Russian News Agency. 2022. “Роскомнадзор Исключил Instagram и Face book из Реестра Соцсетей [Roskomnadzor Excluded Instagram and Facebook from the Register of Social Media].” Accessed January 11, 2023. https://www .interfax.ru/rassia/832009. Irwin, Veronica. 2022. “How Everyday Russians are Breaking Through Putin’s ‘Digi tal Iron Curtain’.” Accessed January 14, 2023. https://www.protocol.com/rassian -internet-crackdown. Isaacs, Rico. 2010. “‘Papa’ - Nursultan Nazarbayev and the Discourse of Charismatic Leadership and Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan.” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 10, no. 3: 435-52. Isaacs, Rico. 2019. “The Kazakhstan Now! Hybridity and Hipsters in Almaty. Nego tiating Global and Local Lives.” In The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakh stan, edited by Marlene Laraelle, 227-43. New York: Lexington Books. Ismailov, Azamat. 2023. “Россия: Выживет ли «Неполитический» Протест в Условиях Войны? [Russia: Will “Non-Political” Protest Survive Under War Conditions?].” Accessed January 16, 2023. https://rassian.eurasianet.org/%D1%80 %DO%BE%D1 %81 %D 1 %81 %D0%B8%Dl %8F-%DO%B2%D1 %8B%D0%B6 %D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%Dl%82-%D0%BB%D0%B8-%C2%AB%D0 %BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%Dl%82%D0%B8%Dl %87%DO%B5%D1%81%DO%BA%DO%B8%DO%B9%C2%BB-%DO%BF%D1 %80%D0%BE%Dl%82%D0%B5%Dl%81%Dl%82-%D0%B2-%Dl%83%Dl %81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%Dl%8F%Dl%85-%D0%B2%D0 %BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%Dl%8B. Ivaldi, Enrico, Guido Bonatti, and Riccardo Soliani. 2017. “An Indicator for the Mea surement of Political Participation: The Case of Italy.” Social Indicators Research
132, no. 2: 605-20. Jamil, Achmad, Endi Rekarti, Rizki Briandana, and Salsabilla Audinna. 2019. “The Role of Social Media Hashtags in Political Promotions: Mediating Role of Supply Chain Communication.” International Journal of Supply Chain Management 8, no. 6: 181-88. Jardine, Bradley, Sher Khashimov, Edward Lemon, Aruuke Uran Kyzy. 2020. “Map ping Patterns of Dissent in Eurasia: Introducing the Central Asia Protest Tracker.” Accessed June 7, 2021. https://oxussociety.org/mapping-pattems-of-dissent-in -eurasia-introducing-the-central-asia-protest-tracker/. Jensen, Michael James, Laia Jorba, and Eva Anduiza. 2012. “Introduction.” In Digital Media and Political Engagement Worldwide: A Comparative Study, edited by Eva Anduiza, Michael James Jensen, and Laia Jorba, 1-15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Johnson, Olivia, Adrienne Hall-Phillips, Те-Lin Chung, and Hyojung Cho. 2019. “Are You Connected Through Consumption? The Role of Hashtags in Political Consumption.” Social Media Society 5, no. 4: 181-88. Johnson, Carolina. 2015. “Local Civic Participation and Democratic Legitimacy: Evidence from England and Wales.” Political Studies 63, no. 4: 765-92. Jost, John T., Pablo Barberâ, Richard Bonneau, Melanie Langer, Megan Metzger, Jonathan Nagler, Joanna Sterling, and Joshua A. Tucker. 2018. “How Social Media
References 187 Facilitates Political Protest: Information, Motivation, and Social Networks.” Politi cal Psychology 39, no. 1: 85-118. Junisbai, Barbara, and Azamat Junisbai. 2019. “Are Youth Different? The Naz arbayev Generation and Public Opinion.” In The Nazarbayev Generation. Youth in Kazakhstan, edited by Marlene Laruelle, 25-48. New York: Lexington Books. Kalaycioglu, Ersin, and liter Turan. 1981. “Measuring Political Participation.” Com parative Political Studies 14, no. 1: 123-35. Kamaldinova, Aikerim Assylbekovna, Gulnar Orlenbaevna Nassimova, Nina Alek seevna Saitova, and Shakhnaza Bahitzhanovna Khalikova. 2016. “Development of Political Culture of Kazakhstani Students: Political and Cultural Determinants.” Global Journal on Humanités Social Sciences 4: 145-50. Kaminska, Olena, and Peter Lynn. 2016. “Survey-Based Cross-Country Comparisons Where Countries Vary in Sample Design: Issues and Solutions.” Working Papers of the Institute for Social and Economic Research paper 2016-09. Colchester: University of Essex. Karakaya, Suveyda, and Rebecca A. Glazier. 2019. “Media, Information, and Politi cal Participation: The Importance of Online News Sources in the Absence of a Free Press.” Journal of Information Technology Politics 16, no. 3: 290-306. Kavada, Anastasia. 2010. “Activism Transforms Digital: The Social Movement Per spective.” In Digital Activism Decoded: The New Mechanism of Change, edited by Mary Joyce, 101-18. New York Amsterdam: International Debate Education Association. KazStat. 2019. “Казакстаннын Демограф иялыкЖылнамалыгы/ Демографический Ежегодник
Казахстана [Demographic Yearbook of Kazakhstan].” Accessed August 30, 2019. https://www.stat.gov.kz/official/industry/61/publication. Khabibrahimov, Albert. 2018. “В России Ужесточили Правила Продажи и Использования SIM-Карт [Russia Has Tightened the Rules for the Sale and Use of SIM-Cards].” Available at: Accessed July 7, 2022. https://vc.ru/flood/39186-v -rossii-uzhestochili-pravila-prodazhi-i-ispolzovaniya-sim-kart. Kilybayeva, Shugyla, Gulnar Nassimova, and Aliya Massalimova. 2017. “The Kazakhstani Youth’s Engagement in Politics.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 9, no. 1: 53-71. Kim, Yonghwan, and Hsuan-Ting Chen. 2016. “Social Media and Online Political Participation: The Mediating Role of Exposure to Cross-cutting and Like-Minded Perspectives.” Telematics and Informatics 33, no. 2: 320-30. Kim, Yunhwan, Silvia Russo, and Erik Amnâ. 2017. “The Longitudinal Relation Between Online and Offline Political Participation Among Youth at Two Different Developmental Stages.” New Media Society 19, no. 6: 899-917. Kim, Dam Hee, and Nicole B. Ellison. 2022. “From Observation on Social Media to Offline Political Participation: The Social Media Affordances Approach.” New Media Society 24, no. 12: 2614—634. Kitzinger, Jenny, and Rosaline S. Barbour. 1999. “Introduction: The Challenge and Promise of Focus Groups.” In Developing Focus Group Research: Politics, Theory and Practice, edited by Rosaline Barbour, and Jenny Kitzinger, 1-20. London: Sage.
188 References Klyueva, Anna. 2016. “Taming Online Political Engagement in Russia: Disempow ered Publics, Empowered State, and Challenges of the Fully Functioning Society.” International Journal of Communication 10: 4661-80. Knoll, Johannes, Jörg Matthes, and Raffael Heiss. 2018. “The Social Media Politi cal Participation Model: A Goal Systems Theory Perspective.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 1: 135-56. Kohn, Melvin L. 1989. Cross-national Research in Sociology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Komarov, D. 2020. ‘“Этот закон нельзя принимать, он во вред государству’ [This Law Cannot Be Passed, It Is to the Detriment of the State].” Accessed May 26, 2021. https://www.znak.com/2020-12-23/gosduma_uzhestochila_zakon_ob _uchastii_v_mitingah_v_rossii_i_ih_organizacii. Kosnazarov, Daniyar. 2019a. “#Hashtag Activism: Youth, Social Media, and Poli tics.” In The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakhstan, edited by Marlene Laruelle, 247-68. New York: Lexington Books. Kosnazarov, Daniyar. 2019b. “#Hashtag Activism: Youth, Social Media and Politics in Kazakhstan.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://voicesoncentralasia.org/ hashtag-activism-youth-social-media-and-politics-in-kazakhstan/. kremlin.ru. 2018. “Обращение Президента к Гражданам России [President’s Address to the Citizens of Russia].” Accessed August 6, 2021. http://kremlin.ru/ events/president/news/58405. Kreps, David, and Kai Kimppa. 2015. “Theorising Web 3.0: ICTs in a Changing Society.” Information Technology People 28, no. 4: 726-41. Kristofferson, Kirk,
Katherine White, and John Peloza. 2014. “The Nature of Slacktivism: How the Social Observability of an Initial Act of Token Support Affects Subsequent Prosocial Action.” The Journal of Consumer Research 40, no. 6: 1149-66. Kruglanski, Arie W., Katarzyna Jasko, Marina Chernikova, Maxim Milyavsky, Maxim Babush, Conrad Baldner, and Antonio Pierro. 2015. “The Rocky Road from Attitudes to Behaviors: Charting the Goal Systemic Course of Actions.” Psy chological Review 122, no. 4: 598-620. Kudaibergenova, Diana T. 2019. “The Body Global and the Body Traditional: A Digital Ethnography of Instagram and Nationalism in Kazakhstan and Russia.” Central Asian Survey 38, no. 3: 363-80. Kudaibergenova, Diana T., and Marlene Laruelle. 2022 “Making Sense of the Janu ary 2022 Protests in Kazakhstan: Failing Legitimacy, Culture of Protests, and Elite Readjustments.” Post-Soviet Affairs 38, no. 6: 441-59. https://doi.org/10.1080 /1060586Х.2022.2077060. Kumar, Vijay. 2014. “Political Culture and Democratization in Russia.” SravniteTnaä Politika 5, no. 3(17): 60-67. Kurmanov, Bakhytzhan, and Colin Knox. 2022. “Open Government and Citizen Empowerment in Authoritarian States.” Journal of Eurasian Studies 13, no. 2: 156-71.
References 189 Kuzekbay, Akbota. 2020. “Понятие «Петиция» Законодательно Закрепят в Казахстане [The Concept of ‘Petition’ Will Be Legislated in Kazakhstan].” Accessed June 5, 2021. https://www.infonn.kz/ru/ponyatie-peticiya-zakonodatel -no-zakrepyat-v-kazahstane_a3710024. Kwak, Nojin, Daniel S. Lane, Brian E. Weeks, Dam Hee Kim, Sigi S. Lee, and Sarah Bachleda. 2018. “Perceptions of Social Media for Politics: Testing the Slacktivism Hypothesis.” Human Communication Research 44, no. 2: 197-221. Lamprianou, lasonas. 2013. “Contemporary Political Participation Research: A Critical Assessment.” In Democracy in Transition: Political Participa tion in the European Union, edited by Kyriakos N. Demetriou, 21-42. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Lane, David. 2009. ‘“Coloured Revolution’ as a Political Phenomenon.” The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 25, no. 2-3: 113-35. Lee, Ashley. 2018. “Invisible Networked Publics and Hidden Contention: Youth Activism and Social Media Tactics Under Repression.” New Media Society 20, no. 11:4095-115. Lee, Sangwon, and Michael Xenos. 2022. “Incidental News Exposure via Social Media and Political Participation: Evidence of Reciprocal Effects.” New Media Society 24, no. 1: 178-201. lenta.ru Website. 2022. “В Алма-Ате Протестующие Захватили Телеканал и Потребовали Выхода в Прямой Эфир [Protesters in Almaty Seized a TV Chan nel and Demanded to Go Live].” Accessed September 13, 2022. https://lenta.ru/ news/2022/01/05/tv/. Leung, Dennis K.K., and Francis L.F. Lee. 2014. “Cultivating an Active Online Counterpublic: Examining Usage and
Political Impact of Internet Alternative Media.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 19, no. 3: 340-59. Levada Center. 2020. “About Us.” Accessed January 28, 2021. https://www.levada .ru/en/about-us/. Levada-Center. 2020. “Протесты в Хабаровске [Protests in Khabarovsk].” Accessed December 18, 2020. https://www.levada.ru/2020/07/28/protesty-v-habarovske/. Lewis, David. 2016. “Blogging Zhanaozen: Hegemonic Discourse and Authoritarian Resilience in Kazakhstan.” Central Asian Survey 35, no. 3: 421-38. Lindgren, Elina, Elias Markstedt, Johan Martinsson, and Maria Andreasson. 2020. “Invitation Timing and Participation Rates in Online Panels: Findings from Two Survey Experiments.” Social Science Computer Review 38, no. 2: 225-44. Little, D. Richard. 1976. “Mass Political Participation in The U.S. and the U.S.S.R.: A Conceptual Analysis.” Comparative Political Studies 8, no. 4: 437-60. Litvinova, Daria. 2020. “This Social Media App Is Driving the Belarus Protests.” Accessed September 10, 2020. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020 /0821/This-social-media-app-is-driving-the-Belarus-protests. Livingstone, Sonia. 2013. “The Participation Paradigm in Audience Research.” The Communication Review 16, no. 1-2: 21-30. Loader, Brian D., Ariadne Vromen, and Michael A. Xenos. 2014. “The Networked Young Citizen: Social Media, Political Participation and Civic Engagement.”
190 References Information, Communication Society 17, no. 2: 143-50. https://doi.org/10.1080 /1369118Х.2013.871571. Lonkila, Markku, and Pertti Jokivuori. 2022. “Sharing and Liking as Youth Nano level Participation: Finnish Students’ Civic and Political Engagement in Social Media.” Journal of Youth Studies Ahead-of-print, no. Ahead-of-print: 1-18. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2022.2049731. Lussier, Danielle N. 2011. “Contacting and Complaining: Political Participation and the Failure of Democracy in Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 27, no. 3: 289-325. Macedo, Stephen. 2005. Democracy at Risk: How Political Choices Undermine Citizen Participation and What We Can Do About It. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. MacKinnon, Rebecca. 2011. “China’s ‘Networked Authoritarianism’.” Journal of Democracy 22, no. 2: 32^16. Makar’in, Alexei, and Leonid Polishchuk. 2012. “Civic Culture and Political Collec tive Action in Russia.” Accessed July 28, 2019. https://www.hse.ru/data/2012/10 /25/1245778460/Makar%27in-Polishchuk%20paper.pdf. Marechal, Nathalie. 2017. “Networked Authoritarianism and the Geopolitics of Information: Understanding Russian Internet Policy.” Media and Communication 5, no. 1: 29^11. Marrow, Alexander. 2022. “Russia’s Financial Monitoring Agency Adds Meta to ‘Extremists’ List -Agencies.” Accessed January 11, 2023. https://www.reuters .com/technology/russias-financial-monitoring-agency-adds-meta-extremists-list -ifax-2022-10-11/. Martin, Aaron. 2012. Young People and Politics: Political Engagement in the AngloAmerican Democracies. London: Routledge. Mason,
Chris. 2012. “Twitter Effect: How the Hashtag Has Shaped Political Debate.” Accessed 7 July 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-17824255 . McArthur, Tom, Lise Fontaine, and Jacqueline Lam-McArthur. 2018. ‘Web 1.0/Web 2.0. ’ The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McCarthy, Lauren A., Katherine Stolerman, and Anton V. Tikhomirov. 2020. “Man aged Civil Society and Police Oversight in Russia: Regional Police-Public Coun cils.” Europe-Asia Studies 72, no. 9: 1498-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136 .2020.1832964. Meduza. 2018. “В России на Акциях «Он Нам Не Царь» Задержали Около 1600 Человек [In Russia, about 1600 People Were Detained at the Actions ‘He Is Not Our Tsar’].” Accessed June 16, 2020. https://meduza.io/news/2018/05/05/v-rossii -na-aktsiyah-on-nam-ne-tsar-zaderzhali-bolee-tysyachi-chelovek. Mercea, Dan. 2012. “Digital Prefigurative Participation: The Entwinement of Online Communication and Offline Participation in Protest Events.” New Media Society 14, no. 1: 153-69. Mesole, Folasayo Florence. 2014. “Use of Social Media as an Alternative News Sources Among University Students.” MA diss., Eastern Mediterranean University. Mickoleit, Arthur. 2014. “Social Media Use by Governments: A Policy Primer to Discuss Trends, Identify Policy Opportunities and Guide Decision Makers.”
References 191 OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no. 26. http://doi.org/10.1787/5jxrcmghmkOs-en. Milakovich, Michael E. 2010. “The Internet and Increased Citizen Participation in Government.” EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government 2, no. 1: 1-9. Miridonov, Alexander. 2021. “Акции 31 Января Оказались Сравнимыми с Первой Волной Митингов. В Некоторых Городах Вышло Еще Больше Людей [The Actions on January 31 Turned Out to Be Comparable to the First Wave of Rallies. In Some Cities Even More People Came Out].” Accessed September 10, 2022. https://openmedia.io/news/n3/akcii-31-yanvarya-okazalis-sravnimymi-s -pervoj-volnoj-mitingov-v-nekotoryx-gorodax-vyshlo-eshhe-bolshe-lyudej/. Moeller, Judith, Rinaldo Kühne, and Claes De Vreese. 2018. “Mobilizing Youth in the 21st Century: How Digital Media Use Fosters Civic Duty, Information Effi cacy, and Political Participation.” Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media 62, no. 3: 445-60. Moore, Alfred, Rolf Fredheim, Dominik Wyss, and Simon Beste. 2021. “Delibera tion and Identity Rules: The Effect of Anonymity, Pseudonyms and Real-Name Requirements on the Cognitive Complexity of Online News Comments.” Political Studies 69, no. 1: 45-65. Morozov, Evgeny. 2009. “The Brave New World of Slacktivism.” Accessed February 16, 2019. https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/05/19/the-brave-new-world-of -slacktivism/. Morozov, Evgeny. 2011. The Net Delusion: How Not to Liberate the World. London: Penguin. Moscato, Derek. 2016. “Media Portrayals of Hashtag Activism: A Framing Analysis of Canada’s #Idlenomore Movement.” Media and Communication 4, no.
2: 3-12. Mukankyzy, Makpal. 2016. “Митинги по Земельному Вопросу в Актобе и Семее [Rallies on the Land Issue in Aktobe and Semey].” Accessed June 17,2020. https:// rus.azattyq.org/a/semey-aktobe-mitingi-zemelniy-vopros/27701331.html. Mukhametshina, Elena, Mikhail Overchenko, and Daria Korzhova. 2017. “Антикоррупционные Митинги Проходят в Крупных Городах России [Anti corruption Rallies Are Held in Major Cities of Russia].” Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2017/03/26/682722-antikorruptsionnie -mitingi. Mukhametshina, E. 2019. “В России Поднимается Третья Волна Регионального Патриотизма [The Third Wave of Regional Patriotism Rises in Russia].” Accessed September 8, 2019. https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2019/05/19/801760 -rossii-tretya-volna. Muller, Edward N. 2015. Aggressive Political Participation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Murugesan, San. 2007. “Understanding Web 2.0.” IT Professional 9, no. 4: 34-41. Nah, Seungahn, and Masahiro Yamamoto. 2018. “Rethinking Digital Media and Citizenship: Conditions, Contexts, and Consequences.” The American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 8: 1019-21. Narbut, N.P., and I.V. Trotsuk. 2018. “The Social Well-Being of the Post-Socialist Countries’ Youth (on the Example of Russia, Kazakhstan and Czech Republic):
192 References Comparative Analysis of Value Orientations (Part 1)’ RUDN Journal of Sociology 18, no. 1: 131-55. Nekmat, Elmie, Karla K. Gower, William J. Gonzenbach, and Andrew J. Flanagin. 2015. “Source Effects in the Micro-Mobilization of Collective Action via Social Media.” Information, Communication Society 18, no. 9: 1076-91. Nikolayenko, Olena. 2015. “Youth Media Consumption and Perceptions of Elec toral Integrity in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.” Demokratizatsiya 23, no. 3: 257-76. Niyazbekov, Nurseit. 2018. “Is Kazakhstan Immune to Color Revolutions? The Social Movements Perspective.” Demokratizatsiya 26, no. 3: 401-25. Norris, Pippa. 2000. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Norris, Pippa. 2002. Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Cam bridge: Cambridge University Press. Norris, Pippa. 2005. “The Impact of the Internet on Political Activism: Evidence from Europe.” International Journal of Electronic Government Research 1, no. 1: 20-39. Norris, Pippa. 2008. “The Impact of the Internet on Political Activism: Evidence from Europe.” In Social networking communities and e-dating services: Concepts and implications, edited by Celia Romm Livermore and Kristina Setzekorn, 123-41. Hershey: IGI Global. Novaya Gazeta. 2020. “Несколько десятков тысяч хабаровчан вышли на митинг в поддержку Фургала. Они заполнили всю центральную улицу [Several Tens of Thousands of Khabarovsk Residents Went to a Rally in Support of Furgal. They Filled the Whole Main Street].” Accessed September 10, 2022.
https://novayagazeta.ru/news/2020/07/18/163110-v-habarovske-uchastniki-mitinga-potrebovali -rassmotreniya-dela-furgala-v-mestnom-sude-s-prisyazhnymi. Nurmakov, Adil. 2017. “Social Media in Central Asia.” In Central Asia at 25: Look ing Back, Moving Forward. A Collection of Essays from Central Asia, edited by Marlene Laruelle, and Aitolkyn Kourmanova, 74-76. Washington: The George Washington University. Nygârd, Mikael, Patrik Söderberg, and Pia Nyman-Kurkiala. 2016. “Patterns and Drivers of Political Participation Among Ninth-Graders.” Young 24, no. 2: 118-38. O’Connor, K., S. Janenova, and C. Knox. 2019. “Open Government in Authoritarian Regimes.” International Review of Public Policy 1, no. 1: 65-82. Omelicheva, Mariya Y. 2016. “Authoritarian Legitimation: Assessing Discourses of Legitimacy in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.” Central Asian Survey 35, no. 4: 481-500. Online.zakon.kz. 2020. “Закон Республики Казахстан о Порядке Организации и Проведения Мирных Собраний в Республике Казахстан [Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Procedure for Organizing and Conducting Peaceful Assem blies in the Republic of Kazakhstan].” Law №333-VI3PK. Accessed May 26, 2021. https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=36271780#pos=322;-45. Onuch, Olga. 2015. ‘“Facebook Helped Me Do It’: Understanding the EuroMaidan Protester ‘Tool-Kit’.” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 15, no. 1: 170-84.
References 193 Oser, Jennifer. 2017. “Assessing How Participators Combine Acts in Their ‘Politi cal Tool Kits’: A Person-Centered Measurement Approach for Analyzing Citizen Participation.” Social Indicators Research 133, no. 1: 235-58. Oser, Jennifer, and Marc Hooghe. 2018. “Democratic Ideals and Levels of Political Participation: The Role of Political and Social Conceptualisations of Democ racy.” The British Journal of Politics International Relations 20, no. 3: 711-30. Oser, Jennifer. 2022. “How Citizenship Norms and Digital Media Use Affect Politi cal Participation: A Two-Wave Panel Analysis.” Media and Communication 10, no. 3: 206-18. OVD-Info. 2022. “Repressions in Russia in 2022. OVD-Info Overview.” Accessed January 14, 2023. https://english.ovdinfo.Org/repressions-russia-2022#l. Owen, Catherine, and Eleanor Bindman. 2019. “Civic Participation in a Hybrid Regime: Limited Pluralism in Policymaking and Delivery in Contemporary Rus sia.” Government and Opposition 54, no. 1: 98-120. Owen, Stephen. 2017. “Monitoring Social Media and Protest Movements: Ensuring Political Order through Surveillance and Surveillance Discourse.” Social Identities 23, no. 6: 688-700. Pannier, Bruce, and Muhammad Tahir. 2019. “Majlis Podcast: Protests and Palace Intrigue in Kazakhstan.” Accessed November 25, 2019. https://www.1ferl.0rg/a/ majlis-podcast-protests-and-palace-intrigue-in-kazakhstan/30250658.html. Papacharissi, Zizi. 2002. “The Virtual Sphere: The Internet as a Public Sphere.” New Media Society 4, no. 1: 9-27. Park, Chang Sup. 2015. “Pathways to Expressive and Collective
Participation: Usage Patterns, Political Efficacy, and Political Participation in Social Networking Sites.” Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media 59, no. 4: 698-716. Parry, Geraint, George Moyser, and Neil Day. 1992. Political Participation and Democracy in Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pateman, Carole. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Persson, Mikael, and Maria Solevid. 2014. “Measuring Political Participation—Testing Social Desirability Bias in a Web-Survey Experiment.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 26, no. 1: 98-112. Peter Lynn, Lilli Japec, and Lars Lyberg. 2006. “What’s So Special About Cross National Surveys?” In Conducting Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Surveys: Papers from the 2005 Meeting of the International Workshop on Comparative Survey Design and Implementation (CSDI), edited by Janet A. Harkness, 7-20. Mannheim: GESIS-ZUMA. Petitions247.com. 2020. “Требуем Сохранить Кок-Жайляу для Себя и для Потомков! [We Demand to Keep Kok-Zhailau for Ourselves and for Posterity!].” Accessed October 3, 2020. https://www.petitions247.com/savekokzhailau. pikabu.ru. n.d. “Монстрация 2019 в Новосибирске, Хабаровске, Томске, Барнауле и Белгороде [Monstration 2019 in Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Belgorod].” Accessed February 9,2021. https://pikabu.ru/story/monstratsiya_2019 _v_novosibirske_khabarovske_tomske_barnaule_i_belgorode_6679266.
194 References Pokidaev, Dmitry. 2020. “В Казахстане Посчитали Пользователей Интернета [Internet Users Were Counted in Kazakhstan].” Accessed July 11, 2020. https:// kursiv.kz/news/otraslevye-temy/2020-04/v-kazakhstane-poschitali-polzovateley -interneta. Prins, N. 2019. “An analysis of the Russian Social Media Landscape in 2019.” Accessed June 10, 2019. https://www.linkfluence.com/blog/russian-social-media -landscape. Putinavotstavku.org Website, n.d. Accessed August 9, 2019. http.7/www.putinavotstavku.org/. Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. London: Simon Schuster. Quandt, Thorsten. 2018. “Dark Participation.” Media and Communication 6, no. 4: 36-48. Radina, N.K. 2019. “Designing the Rules of the Online Discussion: The Role of ‘likes’.” SotsiaTnaia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society] 10, no. 4: 58-76. Radio Azattyq. 2018. “Fugitive Tycoon’s Political Movement Found ‘Extremist’ in Kazakhstan.” Accessed August 3, 2021. https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-ablyazov-extremist-nazarbaev-democratic-choice/29096171.html. Radio Azattyq. 2019a. “Number of Kazakhs Detained in Postpresidential Election Protests Nears 4,000.” Accessed June 25, 2020. https://www.rferl.0rg/a/number-0f -kazakhs-detained-in-postpresidential-election-protests-nears-4-000/30005365.html. Radio Azattyq. 2019b. “В Городах России Проходит Первомайская «Монстрация» [May Day ‘Monstration’ Takes Place in Russian Cities].” Accessed July 20, 2021. https://rus.azattyq.Org/a/29914319.html. Ranchordâs, Sofia. 2017. “Digital Agoras: Democratic
Legitimacy, Online Participa tion and the Case of Uber-Petitions.” The Theory and Practice of Legislation 5, no. 1: 31-54. RBC Group Website, n.d. Accessed September 7, 2019. https://www.rbc.ru/politics /26/03/2017/58d7c6f39a7947448ala3f45. Regnum News Agency Website, n.d. Accessed November 22, 2019. https://regnum .ru/news/polit/1439288.html. RFE/RL’s Kazakh Service. 2022. “Kazakh Police Fire Stun Grenades on Protesters in Almaty as President Issues Warning.” Accessed September 15, 2022. https://www .rferl.org/a/kazakh-journalist-detained-almaty-rferl/31638938.html. Rolfe, Meredith. 2012. Voter Turnout: A Social Theory of Political Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Roschina, E. 2022. “Навальный Призвал Россиян Выходить на Улицы и Бороться Против Войны [Navalny Urged Russians to Take to the Streets and Fight Against the War.” Accessed August 2, 2022. https://rus.azattyq.Org/a/29914319.html. Rosenfeld, Bryn. 2020. The Autocratic Middle Class: How State Dependency Reduces the Demand for Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Rucht, Dieter. 2007. “The Spread of Protest Politics.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by Russell J. Dalton, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, 708-23. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
References 195 Rudman, Riaan, and Rikus Bruwer. 2016. “Defining Web 3.0: Opportunities and Challenges.” Electronic Library 34, no. 1: 132-54. Ruggiero, Thomas E. 2000. “Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century.” Mass Communication Society 3, no. 1: 3-37. Rystina, Indira Sadybekovna. 2013. “Evolution of the Political Culture of the Youth of Kazakhstan.” Procedia, Social and Behavioral Sciences 89: 413-17. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2019. “Young People’s Perspectives on How ‘Zhuz’ and ‘Ru’ Clans Affect Them: Evidence from Three Cities in Post-Soviet Qazaqstan.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 11, no. 1: 39-54. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2020a. “Reconceptualising Political Participation.” Human Affairs 30, no. 1: 120-27. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2020b. “The Contemporary Challenges of Measuring Politi cal Participation’, Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 20, no. 2: 206-26. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2021a. “Политические Культуры и Новые Медиа России и Казахстана [Political Cultures and New Media of Russia and Kazakhstan].” Podcast. 23 June. Accessed August 7, 2021. https://anchor.fm/ceums/episodes/8-el39i99. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2021b. “How Has Digitisation Facilitated the Rise of ‘Digi tal Totalitarianism’?” VISION: A Publication of Cambridge University Interna tional Development Society, Michaelmas: 35-36. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2022a. “Internet and Social Media Use by Young People for Information about (Inter)National News and Politics in Russia and Kazakhstan.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 14, no. 1: 56-70. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2022b. “The
Contributions of New Media to Young People’s Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan.” Central Asian Survey 41, no. 3: 571-95. Sairambay, Yerkebulan. 2022c. “How Young People Use New Media in Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan.” Laboratorium: Russian Review of Social Research 14, no. 2: 38-72. Salama, Jumanah. 2017. “Social Media - The New Colosseum.” Accessed May 18, 2019. https://sailemagazine.com/2017/04/social-media-the-new-colosseum/. Salenkov, Michael. 2022. ‘“Свободная Бурятия’: Обращений Желающих Расторгнуть Контракты с Минобороны Стало Ещё Больше [‘Free Buryatia’: There Are Even More Applications from Those Wishing to Terminate Contracts with the Ministry of Defense].” Accessed January 16, 2023. https://ru.euronews .com/2022/07/13/buryatia-war-alexandra-garmazhapova-itw. Salovaara, Inka. 2015. “Digital Democracies and Networked Publics.” In Media and Politics in New Democracies: Europe in a Comparative Perspective, edited by Jan Zielonka, 154-64. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sandoval-Almazan, Rodrigo, and J. Ramon Gil-Garcia. 2014. “Towards Cyberactiv ism 2.0? Understanding the Use of Social Media and Other Information Tech nologies for Political Activism and Social Movements.” Government Information Quarterly 31, no. 3: 365-78. Satpayev, Dossym, and Tolganay Umbetaliyeva. 2015. “The Protests in Zhanaozen and the Kazakh Oil Sector: Conflicting Interests in a Rentier State.” Journal of Eurasian Studies 6, no. 2: 122-29.
196 References Saunders, Clare. 2014. “Anti-politics in Action? Measurement Dilemmas in the Study of Unconventional Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 67, no. 3: 574-88. Scott, James C. 1987. Weapons of the Weak. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Scott, James C. 1990.
Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Seim, Μ. Van, and N.W Jankowski. 2006. “Conducting Online Surveys.” Quality Quantity 40, no. 3: 435-56. Senshin, E. 2019. “Полная Неадекватность Власти, Как Будто Мы с Ней Живем в Разных Мирах [Complete
Inadequacy of Power, as If We Live in Different Worlds].” Accessed September 8, 2019. https://www.znak.com /2019-05-20/proishodit_revolyuciya_v_massovom_soznanii_rossiyan_intervyu_s _sociologom. Sergeyeva, Julia. 2020. “Вся Статистика Интернета на 2020 год - Цифры и Тренды в Мире и в России [All
Internet Statistics for 2020 - Numbers and Trends in the World and in Russia].” Accessed September 10, 2020. https://www.web -canape.ru/business/intemet-2020-globalnaya-statistika-i-trendy/ . Shahbaz, Adrian, and Allie Funk. 2019. “Freedom on the Net 2019 Key Finding: Governments Harness Big Data
for Social Media Surveillance.” Freedom House. Accessed March 6, 2021. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-on-the-net /2019/the-crisis-of-social-media/social-media-surveillance. Shamsutdinov, Emil. 2019. “Акция с Лозунгом Ότ Правды He Убежишь.’ Почему Никто Не Смог Определить, Что Это Было?
[Action with the Slogan ‘You Can’t Run Away from the Truth’. Why Was No One Able to Determine What It Was?].”
Accessed June 26, 2021. https://informburo.kz/stati/akciya-s-lozungom -ot-pravdy-ne-ubezhish-pochemu-nikto-ne-smog-opredelit-chto-eto-bylo.html. Shearer, Elisa. 2021. “More Than Eight-in-Ten Americans Get News from Digital Devices.” Pew Research Center. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/01/12/more-than-eight-in-ten-americans-get-news-from -digital-devices/. Sheppard, J. 2015. “Measuring Online and Offline Participation: Problems and Solutions from the Australian Case.” The European Survey Research Associa tion Annual Conference. Accessed October 29, 2018. http://www.jillsheppard.net /papers/. Sherstobitov, Aleksandr. 2014. “The Potential of Social Media in Russia: From Politi cal Mobilization to Civic Engagement.” Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia'. 162-66. Simpson, Natalie, Raushan Zhandayeva, Sher Khashimov, and Samuel Elzinga. 2021. “Revolution and Rising Discontent: An Update on the Central Asia Protest Tracker.” Accessed June 12, 2023. https://oxussociety.org/revolution-and-rising -discontent-an-update-on-the-central-asia-protest-tracker/. Skoric, Marko Μ, Qinfeng Zhu, Debbie Goh, and Natalie Pang. 2016. “Social Media and Citizen Engagement: A Meta-Analytic Review.” New Media Society 18, no. 9: 1817-39.
References 197 Sosenkova, Vera. 2021. ‘“Медиазону ’ Объявили 'Иноагентом' из-за GoogleРекламы [‘Mediazona’ Was Declared a ‘Foreign Agent’ Bbecause of Google Advertising].” Accessed January 22,2023. https://www.dw.com/ru/minjust-rf-nazval-prichinu-vkljuchenija-mediazony-v-reestr-smi-inoagentov/a-60297109. Sputnik.kz Website. 2018. “Казахстанцев Просят Заранее Зарегистрировать Мобильные Телефоны [Kazakhstanis Are Asked to Register Mobile Phones in Advance].” Accessed July 7, 2022. https://ru.sputnik.kz/20181022/mobilnye-telefony-registraciya-mvd-7726978.html. StatCounter Global Stats. 2021. Accessed March 9, 2021. https://gs.statcounter.com/ social-media-stats/all/russian-federation. Statdata.ru Website. 2019. “Города Миллионники России 2019, 2018 Список [Cities-Millionaires of Russia 2019, 2018 List].” Accessed March 6, 2019. http:// www.statdata.ru/goroda-millionniki-rossii-po-naseleniu. Sterzing, Paul R., Rachel E. Gartner, and Briana L. McGeough. 2018. “Conducting Anonymous, Incentivized, Online Surveys with Sexual and Gender Minority Ado lescents: Lessons Learned from a National Polyvictimization Study.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 5: 740-61. Stöber, Rudolf. 2004. “What Media Evolution Is: A Theoretical Approach to the History of New Media.” European Journal of Communication 19, no. 4: 483-505. Stoker, Gerry, Andrew Mason, Anthony McGrew, Chris Armstrong, David Owen, Graham Smith, Momoh Banya, Derek McGhee, and Clare Saunders. 2011. Pros pects for Citizenship, 1st ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2011. Storsul, Tanja. 2014. “Deliberation or Self-
Presentation? Young People, Politics and Social Media.” Nordicom Review 35, no. 2: 17-28. Stoycheff, Elizabeth, G. Scott Burgess, and Maria Clara Martucci. 2020. “Online Censorship and Digital Surveillance: The Relationship Between Suppression Tech nologies and Democratization Across Countries.” Information, Communication Society 23, no. 4: 474-90. Strömbäck, Jesper, Kajsa Falasca, and Sanne Kruikemeier. 2018. “The Mix of Media Use Matters: Investigating the Effects of Individual News Repertoires on Offline and Online Political Participation.” Political Communication 35, no. 3: 413-32. Suciu, Peter. 2022. “VPN Usage Has Skyrocketed as Russians Scramble to Find Ways to Reach Social Media.” Accessed January 14,2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites /petersuciu/2022/03/15/vpn-usage-has-skyrocketed-as-russians-scramble-to-finds -ways-to-reach-social-media/?sh=585f59330266. Tang, Gary, and Francis L.F. Lee. 2013 “Facebook Use and Political Participation: The Impact of Exposure to Shared Political Information, Connections with Public Political Actors, and Network Structural Heterogeneity.” Social Science Computer Review 31, no. 6: 763-73. Tarrow, Sidney. 2010. “The Strategy of Paired Comparison: Toward a Theory of Practice.” Comparative Political Studies 43, no. 2: 230-59. TASS Russian News Agency. 2022. “Генпрокуратура Потребовала Признать Meta Экстремистской Организацией [The Prosecutor General’s Office Demanded that
198 References Meta Be Recognised as an Extremist Organization],” Accessed January 11, 2023. https://tass.ru/obschestvo/14041251. Telegram.org Website. 2022. “Channels FAQ.” Accessed August 28, 2022. https:// telegram.org/faq_channels. Teorell, Jan, Mariano Torcal, and José Ramon Montero. 2007.
“Political Participa tion: Mapping the Terrain.” In Citizenship and Involvement in European Democ racies: A Comparative Analysis, edited by van Jan W. Van Deth, José Ramon Montero, and Anders Westholm, 334-57. London and New York: Routledge. The Moscow Times. 2022. “The Feminist Face of Russian
Protests.” Accessed Janu ary 16, 2023. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/29/the-feminist-face-of -russian-protests-a77106. The New Times. 2022. "Сибирь.Реалии": Волонтеры из Тувы Помогают Военным Вернуться из Украины [ ‘Sibir.Realii’ : Volunteers from Tuva Help the Military to Return from
Ukraine].” Accessed January 16, 2023. https://newtimes .ru/articles/detail/216672. The Village 2022. ‘“Феминистское Антивоенное Сопротивление” — Главное Протестное Движение в России Сейчас. Рассказываем об Их Борьбе [‘Femi nist Anti-War Resistance’ is the Main Protest Movement in Russia Now. Let’s
Talk about Their Struggle].” Accessed January 16, 2023. https://newtimes.ru/articles/ detail/216672. Theocharis, Yannis, and Jan W. Van Deth. 2018. “The Continuous Expansion of Citizen Participation: A New Taxonomy.” European Political Science Review 10, no. 1: 139-63. Tonkonog, Olga. 2021.
“Феминистки Впервые Свободно Провели Марш в Алматы - Фото [Feminists March Freely for the First Time in Almaty -
Photo].” Accessed July 4,2021. https://ru.sputnik.kz/society/20210308/16482526/Feministkam-vpervye-razreshili-provesti-marsh-v-Almaty—foto.html. Toor, Amar. 2014. “How Putin’s Cronies Seized Ccontrol of Russia’s Facebook.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.theverge.eom/2014/l/31/5363990/how -putins-cronies-seized-control-over-russias-facebook-pavel-durov-vk. Trading Economics’ Website. 2019. “Indicators - Countries - Europe - Russia; Indicators - Countries - Asia - Kazakhstan.” Accessed February 5, 2019. https:// tradingeconomics.com/countries. Tsekeris, Charalambos, and Ioannis Katerelos. 2012. “Web 2.0, Complex Networks and Social Dynamics.” Contemporary Social Science 7, no. 3: 233^16. Umarov, Temur. 2019. “Антикитайская Осень. Почему Власти Казахстана Не Справляются с Протестами Против Китая [Anti-Chinese Autumn. Why Kazakhstan’s Authorities Fail to Cope with Protests Against China].” Accessed June 26, 2020. https://camegie.ru/commentary/80155. Umbetaliyeva, Tolganay, Botagoz Rakisheva, and Peer Teschendorf. 2016. Youth in Central Asia: Kazakhstan. Almaty: Friedrich Ebert Foundation Kazakhstan. Urinboyev, Rustamjon, and Sherzod Eraliev. 2022. “Informal Civil Society Initiatives in Non-Western Societies: Mahallas in Uzbekistan.” Central Asian Survey 41, no. 3: 477-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2058915.
References 199 Valenzuela, Sebastian, Teresa Correa, and Homero Gil De Zùfiiga. 2018. “Ties, Likes, and Tweets: Using Strong and Weak Ties to Explain Differences in Protest Participa tion Across Facebook and Twitter Use.” Political Communication 35, no. 1: 117-34. van Bezouw, M.J, A. Garyfallou, I.E Oana, and S. Rojon. 2019. “A Methodology for Cross-National Comparative Focus Group Research: Illustrations from Discussions About Political Protest.” Quality Quantity 53, no. 6: 2719-39. van Deth, Jan W. 1986. “A Note on Measuring Political Participation in Comparative Research.” Quality Quantity 20, no. 2-3: 261-72. van Deth, Jan W. 2001. “Studying Political Participation: Towards a Theory of Everything?” European Consortium for Political Research Conference. Grenoble, April 6-11, 2001: 1-19. vedomosti.ru Website. 2022. “Протестующие Захватили Международный Аэропорт в Алматы [Protesters Seized the International Airport in Almaty].” Accessed September 13, 2022. https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/news/2022/01 /05/903746-protestuyuschie-zahvatili-mezhdunarodnii-aeroport-v-almati. Vegh, Sandor. 2003. “Classifying Forms of Online Activism: The Case of Cyberpro tests Against the World Bank.” In Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, edited by Martha McCaughey, and Michael Ayers, 71-95. New York: Routledge. Velasquez, Alcides, and Robert LaRose. 2015. “Youth Collective Activism Through Social Media: The Role of Collective Efficacy.” New Media Society 17, no. 6: 899-918. Verba, Sidney, and Norman H. Nie. 1987. Participation in America: Political Democ racy and Social
Equality. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Vesnic-Alujevic, Lucia. 2012. ‘Political Participation and Web 2.0 in Europe: A Case Study of Facebook.” Public Relations Review 38, no. 3: 466-70. Vissers, Sara, and Dietlind Stolle. 2014a. “The Internet and New Modes of Political Participation: Online Versus Offline Participation.” Information, Communication ά Society 17, no. 8: 937-55. Vissers, Sara, and Dietlind Stolle. 2014b. “Spill-Over Effects Between Facebook and On/Offline Political Participation? Evidence from a Two-Wave Panel Study.” Journal of Information Technology Politics 11, no. 3: 259-75. Von Nordheim, Gerret, Karin Boczek, and Lars Koppers. 2018. “Sourcing the Sources: An Analysis of the Use of Twitter and Facebook as a Journalistic Source Over 10 years in The New York Times, The Guardian, and Süddeutsche Zeitung.” Digital Journalism 6, no. 7: 807-28. Vromen, Ariadne, Michael A. Xenos, and Brian Loader. 2015. “Young People, Social Media and Connective Action: From Organisational Maintenance to Everyday Political Talk.” Journal of Youth Studies 18, no. 1: 80-100. vybory.izbirkom.ru Website. 2018. “Выборы, Референдумы и Иные Формы Прямого Волеизъявления [Elections, Referendums and Other Forms of Direct Expression of Will].” Accessed February 4, 2021. http://www.vybory.izbirkom
200 References .ru/region/region/izbirkom?action=show root=l tvd=100100084849066 vrn = 100100084849062 region=0 global= 1 sub_region=0 prver=0 pronetvd =null vibid=100100084849066 type=227. Wajzer, Mateusz. 2015. Political Participation: Some Problems of Conceptualiza tion. Accessed October 6, 2018. https://www.academia.edu/12604253/Political _participation_some_problems_of_conceptualization. Warwick, D.P. and Osherson, S. 1973. “Comparative Analysis in the Social Sci ences.” In Comparative Research Methods, edited by Donald P. Warwick, and S. Osherson, 3-41. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Weber, Lori Μ., Alysha Loumakis, and James Bergman. 2003. “Who Participates and Why? An Analysis of Citizens on the Internet and the Mass Public.” Social Science Computer Review 21, no. 1: 26-42. Welt, C. 2018. “Russia’s 2018 Presidential Election.” Current Politics and Econom ics of Russia, Eastern and Central Europe 33: 163-66. Westfall, Aubrey, Özge Çelik Russell, Bozena Welborne, and Sarah Tobin. 2017. “Islamic Headcovering and Political Engagement: The Power of Social Networks.” Politics and Religion 10, no. 1: 3-30. White, Micah. 2010. “Clicktivism Is Ruining Leftist Activism.” Common Dreams. Accessed February 16, 2019. http://www.commondreams.org/views/2010/08/12/ clicktivism-ruining-leftist-activism. White, Stephen. 1980. Political Culture and Soviet Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. White, Stephen, and Ian McAllister. 2014. “Did Russia (Nearly) Have a Facebook Revolution in 2011? Social Media’s Challenge to Authoritarianism.” Politics 34, no. 1: 72-84. Whiteley, F. Whiteley,
and Patrick Seyd. 2002. High-Intensity Participation: The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. Whiteley, Paul. 2012. Political Participation in Britain: The Decline and Revival of Civic Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Wilkin, Peter, Lina Dencik, and Éva Bognâr. 2015. “Digital Activism and Hungarian Media Reform: The Case of Milla.” European Journal of Communication 30, no. 6: 682-97. Wolfsfeld, Gadi, Moran Yarchi, and Tai Samuel-Azran. 2016. “Political Information Repertoires and Political Participation.” New Media Society 18, no. 9: 2096-115. Yamamoto, Masahiro, and Seungahn Nah. 2018. “Mobile Information Seeking and Political Participation: A Differential Gains Approach with Offline and Online Discussion Attributes.” New Media Society 20, no. 5: 2070-090. Yamamoto, Masahiro, Matthew J. Kushin, and Francis Dalisay. 2015. “Social Media and Mobiles as Political Mobilization Forces for Young Adults: Examining the Moderating Role of Online Political Expression in Political Participation.” New Media Society 17, no. 6: 880-98. Yamamoto, Masahiro, Seungahn Nah, and Soo Young Bae. 2020. “Social Media Prosumption and Online Political Participation: An Examination of Online Com munication Processes.” New Media Society 22, no. 10: 1885-902.
References 201 Yeasmin, Sabina, and Khan Ferdousour Rahman. 2012. “Triangulation Research Method as the Tool of Social Science Research.” BUP Journal 1, no. 1: 154-63. Zardykhan, Zhar. 2022. “Nothing New in the ‘New Kazakhstan’ as Attacks on Social Media Freedom Continue.” Global Voices. Accessed September 9, 2022. https://globalvoices.org/2022/05/06/new-kazakhstan-world-press-freedom-day -and-attacks-on-social-media-freedom/. Zhang, Xinzhi, and Wan-Ying Lin. 2018. “Hanging Together or Not? Impacts of Social Media Use and Organisational Membership on Individual and Collective Political Actions.” International Political Science Review 39, no. 2: 273-89. Zhu, Alex Yue Feng, Alex Lih Shing Chan, and Kee Lee Chou. 2019. “Creative Social Media Use and Political Participation in Young People: The Moderation and Mediation Role of Online Political Expression.” Journal of Adolescence ΊΊ, no. 1: 108-17. Zhu, Alex Yue Feng, Alex Lih Shing Chan, and Kee Lee Chou. 2020. “The Pathway Toward Radical Political Participation Among Young People in Hong Kong: A Communication Mediation Approach.” East Asia 37, no. 1: 45-62. Zhunusova, Aida. 2020. “Где Ужесточили Карантин в Казахстане [Where Quaran tine Was Tightened in Kazakhstan].” Accessed April 22, 2021. https://tengrinews .kz/kazakhstan_news/gde-ujestochili-karantin-v-kazahstane-416682/.
Index accountability, 5,11 advocacy, 65, 66, 74-76, 84, 102, 170 alternativeness, 137, 144, 154 alternative participation, 10 anonymity, 31, 56, 62, 143, 156, 158, 173 apoliticism, 96 audience participation, 36 austerity, 25 authoritarianism, 31, 35,101 blogging, 10, 29, 74, 98 boycotting, 97, 99, 126, 135 buycotting, 22 campaign activity, 9 censorship, 31, 45, 47, 137, 143, 14849, 155, 172 civic: culture, 7, 8, 33-37, 39, 40, 45, 79; society, 5, 9, 11-13, 22, 32, 40 clannism, 99, 100, 173 clicktivism, 17, 18, 89, 115, 135, 172 collective action, 9, 138 commenting, 46, 52, 64, 72, 73, 89, 108, 116, 123-24, 126, 131-32, 135, 143, 156 consensus, 9, 12, 25 contacting, 9, 27, 35, 58, 98-102, 128 contestation, 33-36, 38^10, 43^16, 79, 93, 94, 98, 105, 171 COVID-19 pandemic, 6, 48, 55, 56, 163, 168 cyberspace, 8, 19, 65 democracy, 8, 11, 19, 25, 32, 35, 117, 148, 156 democratic: functioning, 11, 79; legitimacy, 5, 11, 20, 21 democratization, 7, 94 demonstration, 11, 16, 80, 126-27, 161, 167, 173 digital: media, 7, 10, 14, 26, 159; -media use, 29; totalitarianism, 46 direct action, 9 disenchantment, 93, 97, 98, 105, 171 disinformation, 88, 151 dislike, 68, 115, 131 Dud, Yury, 69, 70 election, 3, 9, 26, 27, 29, 36, 38,40, 75-77, 84, 98, 100, 102-3, 114, 117, 127, 158 electronic revolution, 11 elite, 10, 19 empowerment, 20, 130 fakeness, 137, 154 flashpoint, 129,133, 175 following, 11-14, 16, 27, 28, 35, 40, 44, 46, 57, 63, 66, 67, 73, 83, 89, 96, 99, 203
204 Index 102, 108-10, 115-16, 123, 125-26, 129, 131, 138, 140, 143, 149, 153, 158, 161, 165, 172 globalization, 2, 8, 33, 37, 57, 63, 98, 146 hashtag activism, 32, 37, 90 hidden tactics, 104 hybrid media, 15 hype-ization, 66, 82-84, 102, 170, 171 inflation, 69, 117 information juggling, 86, 88, 89, 91, 171 internet: access, 30, 49, 67, 69, 86, 87, 103; activism, 38, 40, 41; penetration, 4, 52, 87, 170 joining, 10, 13, 17, 101, 108, 113, 126, 132, 156 law, 67, 82, 120, 134, 142, 148, 150, 159, 161, 166 liberation technology, 18 liking, 46, 52, 72, 88, 89, 107-8, 114-15, 123-26, 131-32, 135, 156, 172 mass-media outlet, 116 misinformation, 17, 88, 116 mobile media, 21 mobilization, 16-18, 32, 38, 40, 45, 65, 66, 75-77, 84, 85, 89, 138, 140-42, 145, 148, 149, 155, 162, 170, 173 modem technology, 10 monstration, 76, 104, 160, 167, 173 multifaceted nature, 22, 23, 25, 66, 105, 170-71 Navalny, Alexei, 32, 36, 41, 79, 80, 90, 112, 150, 159, 165, 167 Nazarbayev generation, 32 networked authoritarian, 5, 85 new-media-led political participation, 1, 3, 6, 45, 85, 86, 88, 89, 105, 122-23, 131, 135, 151, 155, 168-69, 171-74 news media, 9 offline activism, 3 omnibus survey, 49 online: activism, 41, 43, 65, 72, 87, 99, 100, 103, 133, 147^18, 164, 173; expression, 104; media, 17, 21, 28, 30, 65, 67, 81, 100; surveillance, 31, 119, 173 oppositionist, 150 ordinary citizen, 160 organization, 11, 12, 16, 18, 27, 46,49, 65, 101, 116, 119, 127-28, 138, 142, 150, 158 organizing, 38, 66, 79, 81, 82, 84, 90, 103, 122-23, 126, 129, 132, 134, 138^12, 145, 159, 161-62, 164-65, 167-68, 170
participatory: budgeting, 22; characteristics, 12, 23; democracy, 8; repertoire, 115 party membership, 9, 101 personalization, 137, 138, 142, 154, 173 petition, 10, 11, 22, 26, 27, 37, 75, 120, 126-27, 162-63, 167 political: agenda, 69, 150, 159, 164, 173; awareness, 66-70, 72, 81, 107, 163, 171; behavior, 11, 13, 24, 108; change, 5, 34, 150; coliseum, 90, 93-95, 101, 104-5, 171-72; communication, 10, 32, 70-72, 119, 138; competition, 117; consumption, 9, 119; context, 24, 142; coordination, 81, 82; crisis, 68, 89; criticism, 32; discussion, 10, 107; disengagement, 93, 97, 137, 168; dissent, 31, 32, 147; efficacy, 107, 108, 115, 124, 133, 172; group, 10, 13, 29, 109, 119, 132; information, 10, 28, 37, 87, 88, 107-8, 116, 123, 125-26,
Index 133, 145; interaction, 73, 81, 142; interest, 23, 37, 65, 67, 77, 97, 107, 123-25, 132-33, 144, 172; knowledge, 26, 29, 65, 87, 89, 93, 97, 98, 107-8, 116, 133, 146, 172; mobilization, 2, 5, 17-19, 32, 39, 65, 66, 77, 140, 149, 151, 170, 172, 174; news, 30, 52, 55, 67-70, 72-74, 76, 88, 94, 108-10, 114-15, 171; post, 13, 99, 107, 110, 114, 126, 162; repertoire, 18; spectator, 88, 93-96, 105, 171-72; spectrum, 10; standpoint, 107-8, 115, 12324, 133, 172; system, 4, 5, 7, 33, 34, 43, 64, 69, 166; tool kit, 89, 108, 123, 172; violence, 9 populist sentiment, 11 postcommunist space, 4 propaganda, 31,46, 67, 88 protest, 9, 17, 18, 34, 36, 38, 40-43, 46, 69, 77, 80, 97, 98, 126-27, 141-42, 147, 149, 165 rally, 13, 27, 76, 77, 80, 102, 126-27, 160, 167, 173 reposting, 46, 74, 88, 113, 124, 132 Russo-Ukrainian war, 5, 46 Satpayev, Dosym, 40, 69, 70 self-esteem, 20 semantic Web, 33 slacktivism, 16, 17, 124, 135, 172 205 social: engagement, 9, 124; movement, 6, 28; network site, 29; participation, 9, 119 social-media: platform, 61, 122, 143; tool, 113 spill-over effect, 18, 101, 115, 124, 131, 133-34, 141, 172 strike, 80, 81, 127 subscribing, 108-9, 113, 116 traditional media, 14, 65 trolling, 99 upheaval, 25 uprising, 45 user-generated content, 15 virtual: agora, 65, 90, 93-95, 100, 101, 105, 171-72; reality, 10 virtuous circle, 9, 133, 172 volunteering, 9, 25, 75, 119, 122, 125 voter turnout, 23, 35 voting, 8-10, 12, 19, 23, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 39, 47, 49, 52, 55, 83, 84, 97, 98, 100-1, 122, 126, 132, 171 Web 1.0, 15, 190 Web 2.0, 15, 16, 23, 33, 178, 185, 190-91, 198-99 Web
3.0, 6, 15, 16, 21-23, 26, 33, 45, 70, 84, 98, 121, 146, 170, 178, 182, 185, 188, 195 |
| adam_txt | |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | |
| author | Sairambay, Yerkebulan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1268941182 |
| author_facet | Sairambay, Yerkebulan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sairambay, Yerkebulan |
| author_variant | y s ys |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049357088 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1427322951 (DE-599)BVBBV049357088 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049357088</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20241203</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">231010s2024 xx |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781666927801</subfield><subfield code="c">Cloth</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-66692-780-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1427322951</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049357088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sairambay, Yerkebulan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1268941182</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan</subfield><subfield code="b">exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia</subfield><subfield code="c">Yerkebulan Sairambay</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London</subfield><subfield code="b">Lexington Books</subfield><subfield code="c">[2024]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xiv, 207 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Contemporary Central Asia: societies, politics, and cultures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Slavic studies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Asian studies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young People in Eurasia confronts the sociological problem of the usage of new media by young people in political participation, particularly in Eurasian countries. The author explains how and why new media promotes political participation among young people in Russia and Kazakhstan. While there has been no shortage of analysis about the interlinkage between new media and political participation, this research is different—it explains the mechanisms and reasons of new-media-assisted political participation. This book develops two models—theoretical and New-Media-Led Political Participation—that better explain how new-media use translates into political participation. These models are of paramount importance for the study of new-media-led political participation, which builds in-depth knowledge to the research area from a post-communist perspective. This book not only sheds light on the ways in which, and the reasons why, new media contributes to the nature of political participation, but also explains why citizens use new media in their political participation. The author sets his sights on what occurs downstream, i.e., not in the minds of political leaders and/or well-known oppositionists but on the ground in specific contexts such as cities, towns, and villages by young people.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text englisch</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Jugend</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028859-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politische Beteiligung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076215-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Social Media</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4639271-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Erwachsener</subfield><subfield code="g">18-30 Jahre</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4192975-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kasachstan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4029839-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kasachstan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4029839-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Jugend</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028859-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Erwachsener</subfield><subfield code="g">18-30 Jahre</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4192975-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Social Media</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4639271-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Politische Beteiligung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076215-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-66692-781-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Gemischte Register</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20231220</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">070.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">5845</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">5845</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">5845</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">070.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034617301</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Kasachstan (DE-588)4029839-5 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kasachstan Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049357088 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:51:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-03T11:01:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781666927801 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034617301 |
| oclc_num | 1427322951 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | xiv, 207 Seiten Diagramme |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20231220 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Contemporary Central Asia: societies, politics, and cultures Slavic studies Asian studies |
| spelling | Sairambay, Yerkebulan Verfasser (DE-588)1268941182 aut New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia Yerkebulan Sairambay Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2024] © 2024 xiv, 207 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Contemporary Central Asia: societies, politics, and cultures Slavic studies Asian studies New Media and Political Participation in Russia and Kazakhstan: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young People in Eurasia confronts the sociological problem of the usage of new media by young people in political participation, particularly in Eurasian countries. The author explains how and why new media promotes political participation among young people in Russia and Kazakhstan. While there has been no shortage of analysis about the interlinkage between new media and political participation, this research is different—it explains the mechanisms and reasons of new-media-assisted political participation. This book develops two models—theoretical and New-Media-Led Political Participation—that better explain how new-media use translates into political participation. These models are of paramount importance for the study of new-media-led political participation, which builds in-depth knowledge to the research area from a post-communist perspective. This book not only sheds light on the ways in which, and the reasons why, new media contributes to the nature of political participation, but also explains why citizens use new media in their political participation. The author sets his sights on what occurs downstream, i.e., not in the minds of political leaders and/or well-known oppositionists but on the ground in specific contexts such as cities, towns, and villages by young people. Text englisch Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd rswk-swf Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd rswk-swf Social Media (DE-588)4639271-3 gnd rswk-swf Erwachsener 18-30 Jahre (DE-588)4192975-5 gnd rswk-swf Kasachstan (DE-588)4029839-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kasachstan (DE-588)4029839-5 g Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 s Erwachsener 18-30 Jahre (DE-588)4192975-5 s Social Media (DE-588)4639271-3 s Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-66692-781-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sairambay, Yerkebulan New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd Social Media (DE-588)4639271-3 gnd Erwachsener 18-30 Jahre (DE-588)4192975-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028859-6 (DE-588)4076215-4 (DE-588)4639271-3 (DE-588)4192975-5 (DE-588)4029839-5 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |
| title_auth | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |
| title_exact_search | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |
| title_full | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia Yerkebulan Sairambay |
| title_fullStr | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia Yerkebulan Sairambay |
| title_full_unstemmed | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia Yerkebulan Sairambay |
| title_short | New media and political participation in Russia and Kazakhstan |
| title_sort | new media and political participation in russia and kazakhstan exploring the lived experiences of young people in eurasia |
| title_sub | exploring the lived experiences of young people in Eurasia |
| topic | Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Politische Beteiligung (DE-588)4076215-4 gnd Social Media (DE-588)4639271-3 gnd Erwachsener 18-30 Jahre (DE-588)4192975-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jugend Politische Beteiligung Social Media Erwachsener 18-30 Jahre Kasachstan Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034617301&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sairambayyerkebulan newmediaandpoliticalparticipationinrussiaandkazakhstanexploringthelivedexperiencesofyoungpeopleineurasia |