Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital: centering the periphery
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New Brunswick ; Camden ; Newark ; New Jersey ; London ; Oxford
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[2023]
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Note on Place Names, Personal Names, and Transliterations ix Introduction i Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff PARTI Tradition and Rebellion 1 “The Holiday That Applies to Everyone”: Ararat Kleynkunst Theater and the Challenge of Populist Modernism 15 Zehavit Stern 2 Elkhonen Vogler, Forgotten Poet of Yung-Vilne, in Vilna and the Litvak Borderlands 37 Justin Cammy 3 Scandalous Glass House: On Modernist Transparency in Architecture and Life 56 Bozena Shallcross 4 Jewish Expressionism between Discourses of Revival and Degeneration: The Yung-Yidish Group 75 Malgorzata Stolarska-Fronia vii
VIII CONTENTS PART II Performers and Audiences 5 The Theatrics of Bais Yaakov Naomi Seidman 6 A Spectacle of Differences: Bracha Zefira’s Tour of Poland in 1929 Magdalena Kozlowska 97 113 7 Music of “the Foreign Nations” or “Native Culture”: Concert Programming in Interwar Lwôw as a Discourse about J ewish Musical Identities . 127 Sylwia Jakubczyk-Slçczka 8 From Lodzermensz to Szmonces and Back: On the Multidirectional Flow of Culture 152 Marcos Silber PART III Maps and Spaces 9 10 11 12 The Layered Meanings of an Unbuilt Monument: Krakow Jews Commemorate the Polish King Casimir the Great 171 Alicja Maslak-Maciejewska Mapping Modern Jewish Krakow: Women—Cultural Production—Space Eugenia Prokop-Janiec 188 Movie Theaters and the Development of Jewish Public Space in Interwar Poland Ela Bauer 212 The Politics of Jewish Youth Movement Culture in Interwar Poland's Eastern Borderlands Daniel Kupfert Heller Acknowledgments 249 Appendix: Soundscapes of Modernity Program Selected Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index 291 228 267 287 253
Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations and tables. Abramovich, Sholem Yankev (Mendele Moykher Sforim), 25,34124 Academy of Fine Arts, Krakow, 9, 196,198 acculturation. See assimilation/acculturation Achron, Joseph, 146,147 Acosta, Uriel, 145,146,148,149 Adler, Yankl, 29, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84-85, 88, 89, 90П4, 9124, 92150 Admission ofJews to Poland by Casimir the Great, The (Przyjçcie Zydôw do Pol ski przez Kazimierza Wielkiego; Henryk Hochman, bas-relief plaque), 181-183,182, 184,187154 Adria movie theaters: Krakow, 222; Lublin, 215 Africa and Africans, 115,117, 213 African Americans, 117,121, 166п2б Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (Samuel), 88 Agudath Israel (Agudah; Agude Yisroyel; Tseirey Agudas Yisroel), 101-102,108m, 109-110П9,110П13, 12, 112П32, 215 Ahimeir, Abba, 214-215,216 Albéniz, Isaac, 141,145 Aleksiun, Natalia, 6,254, 287 Alexander, Michael, 126П60 Alexander II (czar), assassination of, 6 Alkabetz, Salomon, 255 Altman, Wilhelm, 148 Amal (Toil; Shlonsky), 145,147 Ameisenowa, Zofia, 201 Ami Shir, 142 Andersen, Hans Christian, 146,148 Anhalt, Pawel, 255, 260 anniversary/jubilee culture in Poland, 136, 138,174-176,181,185121, 226141 An-sky (Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport), 29 antisemitism/anti-Judaism: concert pro gramming in interwar Lwôw confirming Jewish national identity in face of, 128, 144-149,145-146; education and, 234; of Endecja (National Democracy) party, 18, 68, 73148, 144,156-157; of Krasinski, 92142 Orientalism and, 114; Russia, restrictions on Jewish public buildings in, 222; szmonces genre, acquired negative connotations of, 168147; in Wilno and
elsewhere in interwar years, 18, 45, 541125 youth movements and Polish govern ment, 240-242 apocalyptic and messianic themes, 8,77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151 Apollo movie theater, Baranowicze (now Baranavichy, Belarus), 215,216 Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lôdi), 3, 7, 15-32; aesthetic vision of Broderzon and, 21-25,28; anthem of, 20,33П15; as “art cabaret,” 15,17, 27; as “artistic revue the ater” or “artistic revolutionary theater,” 15,17; cabaret craze of early 20th century and, 17,18-19,19 163-164; emblem of, 22, 24; ensemble actors of, 21,32,33П7; first program, 28,30-31; folksy (folkstimlekher) theatricality of, 28-29,32; funding and attendance issues, 21, 27; Garbage (Opfalf 28; kunst/shund binary and, 7,17,25-26,28; Literarishe bleter review of, 15-17,16; local Yiddish dialect, use of, 27; lost his tory of, 3; marginal positionality of, 15-17; name of, 15, 20; populist modernism of, 7, 18-20; “Shverd, Di” (The sword; Peretz), 291
292 Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz) (cont.) 32·, sources, scarcity of, 17-18; success of, 29-32; as synthetic theater, 27-28, 35142, 35149; Vakhtangov, influence of, 35147; Warsaw, move to, 32. See also Broderzon, Moyshe Architects and architecture. See Glass House; Goldberg, Maksymilian Architektura i Budownictwo (Architecture and construction; journal), 61, 63, 71П11 Aronson, Boris, 81 Artef theater, New York, 20 As (journal), 201, 2iinii2 Asch, Sholem, 218-220 Ashkenazi Jewry: romantic image of “Ori ental” Jews, 114,117-119; self-critiques and self-doubt of, 114,117-118; Yemenite Jews physically contrasted with, 116; Zefira working with, 116 assimilation/acculturation: Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakow and, 171,177,183; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 128,130,134,136,149; defined, 6; institutional spaces for wom en’s cultural production in Krakôw and, 194,195, 203; multilingualism and, 198; "Oriental,” framing of nonacculturated Jews as, 114; origins of ideology of, 6; performativity theory and, 108 Association of Architects of the Polish Republic (Stowarzyszenie Architektôw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), 61 Association of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachçty Sztuk Piçknych), 173 Association of Jewish Music and Choral Societies in Galicia (Zwiqzek Zydowskich Towarzystw Muzycznych i Spiewaczych w Galicji), 129 Association of Jewish Writers and Journal ists, 53П9 Astoria Café, Lôdz, 33П13 At Night at the Old Market (Peretz), 85 avant-garde, European, 19,21,70,71ml, 73146, 77 avant-garde, Jewish, 21,75-76,78-79.81-85, 88-89. See also Yung-yidish group and
Jewish expressionism Avodatenu (Our work; Betar journal), 238 Awin, A., 141,144 Azazel Kleynkunst Theater (Warsaw), ззпб, 163-164 Baal Shem (Bloch), 144-145.146,149 Baal Shem Tov (Israel ben Eliezer), 144-145 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 131 Bacon, Gershon, 215 Bagatela Theater, Krakôw, 200, 202 INDEX Bais Yaakov Journal, 109-110П9,110П13 Bais Yaakov movement, 97,106-107,188. See also Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances Baker, Josephine, 117-118 Bakic-Hayden, Milica, 115 Balaban, Jakub, 178 Balaban, Majer, 139, 187156 Ballets Russes, 117 Balzac, Honoré de, 234 Banda (The band; cabaret, Warsaw), 19 Baraneum (A. Baraniecki Higher Courses for Women), Krakôw, 192,193,196,198 Baranowicze (now Baranavichy, Belarus), Apollo movie theater, 215,216 Barbasch, Ozajasz, 141,144 Barczyhski, Henryk (Henokh), 89,163 Bar Kochba revolt, 233 Bartelik, Marek, 15 Bartkiewicz, Zygmunt, 153 Bartok, Béla, 121 Bauer, Ela, 10,108,153, 212, 287 Baumgartenowa, Berta, 209180 Baumritter, Gustaw (Andrzej Wlast), 159, 160,161, 256, 261 Becci’s Requiem, 137 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 131,133,143,145 Begin, Menachem, 245126 Belis, Shloyme, 48 Belkin, Ahuva, nonio Belmont, Leo (Leopold Blumental), 160 Belza, Wladyslaw, 106 Benari, Nahum, 145,147 Ben-Gurion, David, 212,22412,226135 Benjamin, Walter, 57-58, 69,78 Bensman, Mateusz, 127,130 Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 119 Berg, Alban, 261 Berlewi, Henryk (Henokh), 81,82, 83, 84, 89, доп 9oni8, 91—92135 Berlin: Josephine Baker in, 116-117; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Simàià Ptitsa; cabaret) in, 19,19, 29,33П12,164; coffeehouses of, 213; Habima Theater, 35147,
116,149; Die Pathetiker in, 83,92П40; Yung-yidish group and expres sionist milieu of, 78,79, 88, 89 Bester, Salomea, 194 Betar, 10, 229; Avodatenu (Our work; jour nal), 238; Menachem Begin and, 245126; as cultural portal, 234-235; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238-239, 240; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces and, 215,220; Polish govern ment and, 241-242; recruitment efforts of 1930s, 230; religious dynamics, awareness of, 231-232, 233; women members and male-female interaction, 236,237, 238,239
INDEX beysmedresh, 229,231-232, 233 Biala Podlaska, movie theater in, 218 Bi-Ba-Bo (cabaret; St. Petersburg), 33ml Bi-Ba-Bo (literary cabaret; Lodz), 19,33ml, 159-160,163,164,167131 Bienestock, Maks, 84, 9015 Binding of Isaac, The (Bais Yaakov play), 98-101,104 Birnbaum, Abraham Ber, 255, 258-259 Blanköwna, Regina, 208180 blaue Vogel, Der (The blue bird, Rus. Siniàià Ptitsa; cabaret, Berlin), 19,19, 29, 33012,164 bletl in vint, A (A page in the wind; Vogler), 42-46,43 Bloch, Ernst, 77, 78,144,145,146 Blok group, 73146 Blonie, Bais Yaakov in, 98-101,104; “A Hasidic Revolt in Blonie,” 10918,112П33 Blüher, Hans, 234 Blum, Henryk, 71ml Blumental, Felicja, 260 Blumental, Leopold (Leo Belmont), 160 Blumenthal, N., 135 Bnos (youth movement for Bais Yaakov girls), 102 Boëllmann, L., 135 Bourdieu, Pierre, 189, 202 Boy-Zeleiiski, Tadeusz, 66-67,73137, 162, 202 Boze col Judç (God Save Judah) anthem, 179 Brahms, J., 131,132,133,143,146 Brandes, Georg, 207155 Brauner, Ida, 163 Brauner (Broyner), Yitskhok (Wincenty), 29,83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90П4,9124 163 Brecht, Bertolt, 18,351147 Brill, Meir, 236 Brit Habirionim (Union of Zionist Rebels), 215 Broderzon, Moyshe: aesthetic vision of, 21-25, 28, 77, 83; apocalypticism and messianism in work of, 84; appearance/ images of, 21,22, 79, 80; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Siniaia Ptitsa) and, 19; as cultural activist in Lôdz, 20-21, 22, 75-76; Dovid un Bas-Sheve (opera), 20,34П17; Hasidim, followers known as, 21; kleynkunst teater performances of, 163-164 (see also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater [Lôdz]); on kunst/ shund binary, 25-26; as Lodzermensz, 75-76,
88-89; Mioda Polska and, 84; Moscow period (WWI and Russian Revolution), 21, 27,34122, 90ПП4-5; mul tidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 163-164; religious Jewish vocabulary, use of, 35145; Shvarts-shabes 293 (Black Sabbath), 79-81, 80, 84; Sikhes khulin, 85; on Vogler, 54127; “The way of our theater” (“Der veg fun unzer teater”), 22, 27, 28-29; WWII and postwar life of, 17-18; Yiddish translation of Walpurgis nakht, 256 Broderzon, Sheyne-Miryam, 18,163 Brossowa, Anna, 199,200, 201, 210198, 210—2iinio6 Broyner (Brauner), Wincenty (Yitskhok), 29, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90П4, 9124 163 Bruch, Μ., 131,135 Brückner, A., 143 Brzechwa, Jan, 5 Brzesc (also Brzesc Litewski; Yid. Brisk; now Brest, Belarus), 8,113,119; youth movement culture in, 230 Buber, Martin, 78, 9018 Buchsbaum, Marek, 144 Budko, Josef, 89 Bujwidowa, Kazimiera, 194,197 Bund (Yid. Der algemayner yidisher arbeter bund in lite poyln un rusland), 66, 721128, 213, 215-218, 220, 222,225131 BUNT group, Poznah, 77, 79 Bury Melonik (cabaret), Krakôw, 202, 211П114 Butler, Judith, 108 Bychawa, Bais Yaakov in, 111П19 cabarets; Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz) as “art cabaret,” 15,17, 27; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Siniâià Ptitsa, Berlin), 19,19,29, 33П12,164; early 20th century craze for, 17,18-19; kleynkunst teater as reflection of literary cabarets, 163-164; in Krakow, 19, 202, 211П114; literary cabarets, 19,159-164; in Lôdi, 19,159-160,163,164; in St. Peters burg, 19, ззпи; in Warsaw, 19,159-164. See also specific cabarets by name Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich), 19 Calwary, Moshe and Hadassah, 115 Cammy, Justin,
7,37, 287 Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw, 9,171-184; anniversary/jubilee culture in Poland and, 174-175,181, 185121; artists, consultations with, 173; assimilation/acculturation and, 171,177, 183; bas-reliefs intended for pedestal of, 182; commemoration culture in Poland and, 175-177; contemporary initiatives for, 183-184; Esther legend, 174, 185717 as exclusively Jewish endeavor, 171,173,176; funding issues, 173,181, 187159; Gottlieb tombstone monument campaign com pared, 177-179,181; government permit for, 173; Hochman’s bas-relief plaque
294 Casimir the Great monument (cont.) The Admission ofJews to Poland erected instead of, 181-183,182,184,187154; inter confessional philanthropic initiatives and, 179-180; Kazimierz district, intended for, 171,174,184; Mickiewicz memorial statue and, 176-177,178,181; Monument Erecting Committee, 171,172-173,178,181; origins of idea for, 172-173; progressive Jews and Jewish organizations involved in, 172,175,177,178; reasons for failure to build, 180-183; reasons for Jewish desire to commemorate, 174-175; restoration of Casimir’s sarcophagus, Wawel Cathedral, 174-175; significance of, 171-172,183-184; women’s involvement in, 173 Casimir the Great School (Szkola Kazimierzowska), Kazimierz, Krakôw, 192,193 Cavalleria rusticana (Mascagni), 145,147 “Centering the Periphery” conference, Rut gers University (2018), 6 Central Yiddish School Organization (CYSHO; Yid. Di tsentrale yidishe shulorganizatsye), 10 Chagall, Marc (Marek Szagal), 81-82, 89 Chaikov, Iosif, 21, 80-81, 91 Chaminade, Cécile, 141 Chaplin, Charlie, 212 charitable initiatives, interconfessional, Krakôw, 179-180 Chmielnicki massacres, 112132 Chmielnik, Bais Yaakov in, 97, 98,104 Chofetz Chaim (Yisrael Meir Ha-Kohen Kagan), 110-ШП16 choral tradition, Jewish, and choral music, 6, 129,133,134,135,137,143,144,147. 254-261 Chôr Dana, 142 Chôr Eryana, 142 Chwila (Moment; daily), 127,128,129,130, 136,142, 201 Chybifiski, Adolf, 121, 126154,129 CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture), 60,61,719 Cincinnati Enquirer, 121 cinema. See movies; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces Circle for Jewish National
Aesthetic, 21 coffeehouses, 213 Cohen, Shabtai (ShaCh), daughter of, 1232 Cohn, Dvora Epelgrad, 109П3 Commedia dell'arte, 27,34124 35148 commemoration culture, 175-177. See also Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw communism, 103, 230, 240-242 concert programming in interwar Lwôw, 8-9,127-149; acculturation and, 128,130, INDEX 135,136,149; Austro-German canonical art music, focus on (1919-1925), 128,129-136, 131-133,135; barbershop quartet, 132; com munity events and activities, 134-136,139; growing antisemitism and confirmation of Jewish national identity (1936-1939), 128,144-149,145-146; heterogeneous programming, move to (1926-1935), 128, 136-143,137-139,140-141; JALS chamber orchestra, 139,140-141; JALS choir, 137, 137-139 140,142; JALS drama section, 146, 147-148; JALS symphony orchestra, 137, 137-139, 143 146,147,148; Jewish Artistic and Literary Society (JALS), 127-128, 136-149,137-139,140-141,143,145-146; Jewish Music Society (JMS), 127-137, 131-133,135,139,149; JMS choir, 133-134. 135.136; JMS symphonic orchestra, 130, 131-133,134,136; lecture series, 139,146; mandolin orchestra, 136,139; musical culture and institutions of Lwôw, 129; musicians, 15018; People’s Concert series, 144,145,146; Polish musical identity and Polish composers, 129-130; Yuval (music society), 136,142, 15130 “Confiteor” (Przybyszewski), 78 Congress Poland, 1,194, 222 Conquerors of Swamp (Benari), 145,147 Conrad, Paul, 254,255, 256, 262, 263 Càrki marnotrawne (Prodigal daughters; Kallas), 195,197 Corso moine theater, Radom, 215,217 Council for Motherhood Awareness, 67 Creizenach,
Wilhelm, 195 cubism, 76, 90П8 cubo-futurists, 24, 26,76 culture, Polish Jewish. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Cylkow, Henryk, 255, 260 CYSHO (Central Yiddish School Orga nization; Yid. Di tsentrale yidishe shulorganizatsye), 10 Czarna perla (Black pearl; film), 118 Czytelnia. See reading rooms, Krakow Dqbrowica in Polesie, youth movements in, 240 Dabrowski, Patrice, 181 Dada movement, 19, 9018 Dancing Devil, The (Yitskhok Brauner), 84, 85, 86, 92145 Dankowicz, Szymon, 175 Dauber, D„ 141 David Coppetfield (Dickens), 234-235 Dawidowicz, Lucy S. (Lucy Schildkret), 10 Debussy, Claude, 143 Deleuze, Gilles, 73150
INDEX de Stijl movement, 61 Deutscher’s printing house, Krakow, 198 Diabet (Devil; periodical), 195 Dibek, Der (The Dybbuk·, film), 125138 Dietrich, Marlene, 112132 Diki, Alexander (Rus. Aleksei Dikii), 116 Dlugosz, Jan, 185117 doctorates, Jewish women earning, 197-198, 199 doikayt (hereness or at-homeness), 3,11, 37.50 Dom Prasy (The Press House), Warsaw, 61 Don Quixote (Cervantes), 234-235; “Jewish Don Quixote,” 34П24 Dovid un Bas-Sheve (opera, Broderzon), 20, 34117 Dubnow, Simon, 137 Dunajewski, A., 135,138 Duncan, Isadora, 115 Düsseldorf, Die Junge Rheinland in, 79 Dvorak, Antonin, 132 Dybbuk, The (An-sky; play), 29, 35П47. See also Dibek, Der (The Dybbuk·, film) Dziady, Part III (Mickiewicz), 176 Dzienniczek dla dzieci i mlodziezy (Daily for children and youth), 201, 2101104 Dzigan, Shimen, 18,21, 27, 32,33П7, 33П15 Earle, William D., 68-69 East versus West: expressionism and, 76, 77, 78, 81; multidirectional flow between, 5, 8; nesting Orientalisms, 115; Orientalism, concept of, 114-115; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-115,118, 119,120,122-123; Ostjuden (Eastern Euro pean Jewry), image of, 88, 89; Zefira’s music as mediator between, 120 education: doctorates, Jewish women earn ing, 197-198,199; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakow and, 192,193-194,196,197-198,199,200, 203, 2091184—85, 210П103; Jewish educa tion for girls, 8,105,106-107,188,193,197, 199 (see also Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances); Journals, schools publishing, 109-110П9; Moravia, German-Jewish schools in, 213; Polish school Nativity
plays and Bais Yaakov theater performances, nonn; Polonization of, in Galicia, 6,155-156,188-189; regional towns and cities, students moving to, 230; student population of Krakôw, 209084; teachers and university professors, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197, 199-201,210П103,2iinii6; youth move ments and, 234-236; Yung-yidish group, foreign studies of, 9014 295 ego-futurists, 24 Ehrlich, Henryk, 218 Ein Harod, 147 Elisha ben Abuya, 103 Emil and the Detectives (Kästner), 148 Endecja (National Democracy) party, 18, 68, 73148, 144,156-157 Engel, Joel, 15130 Enzinger, Jordan, 254, 256,263 Epelgrad (later Cohn), Dvora, 109П3 Erenberg, Lewis, 120 Esther (biblical queen), 104,1125,117 Esther (wife/mistress of Casimir the Great), 174, 185117 Estrada (Journal), 161 Ethics of the Fathers, 105 Even-Zohar, Itamar, 154 Ewa (Journal), 120, 201 exoticism: Orientalism, 114-115; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113120,122-123; primitivism and the primi tive, 35142, 82,116-118,121. See also Zefira, Bracha expressionism: impressionism versus, 81; of Vogler, 51. See also Yung-yidish group and Jewish expressionism Eyal, Gil, 119 Eynhorn, Dovid, 40, 42 Ezrah Organization, 141 Fajwiszys, Izrael, 133,134,135,143,144, 256, 259 Fama movie theater, Warsaw, 215 Feldman, Wilhelm, 179,186П30,194 Feldmanowa, Maria Kleinman, 194-195 feminists and feminism, 8, 64, 67,106, 157-158,194-195.197.198, 207155 film. See movies; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces Finkin, Jordan, 5313 Fischer, Jôzef, 186127 Fischlerôwna, Regina, 202 Flam, Gila, 116 Flesch, Moses, 10917 Flora movie
theater, Lodi, 225131 Florida, Richard, 158, 166125 Folkstsaytung (Yiddish daily), 218 folk style: Ararat theater, folksy (folkstimlekher) theatricality of, 28-29; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 128, 133.134.135. ИЛ 141, M3.144.145.146,147. 149; Gôrale folk music, 120, 126154; prim itivism and the primitive, 116; of Sutzkever’s cover art, 42,43,47,48; in Vogler’s work, 42,43, 44,48,49, 51; Yung-yidish and Jewish expressionism, 82,88; Zefira, songs performed by, 117,119,120,121
29б Formism; Formists, 68, 73146 Free School of Drawing and Painting, Krakôw, 198 Freud, Sigmund, 234 Friedman, Filip, 2-3, 6, 1—127, 10-11 Friedman, Ignacy, 260 Friling afn trakt (Springtime on the country highway; Vogler), 52,55141 Fromowicz-Stillerowa, Henryka, 197,201, 208175 Fuchs, Henokh, 81 functionalism, in architecture, 7, 60, 61, 62 futurists and futurism, 22, 23, 24, 26,35142, 76, 77, 9018, 91124 G^dzikiewicz, Stanislaw, 717 Galicia: education, Polonization of, 6,155156,188-189; emancipation of Jews in, 6; Habsburg grant of cultural hegemony to (1867), 1; Krakôw becoming part of, 2; musical culture in, 129. See also specific towns Gall, J., 134 Garbo, Greta, 11232, 212 garden city movement, 59, 67, 70 Gardner, Patrick, 254, 262, 263-264 Garewicz, Jan, 67 Garfeinowa-Garska, Malwina (Maria Zabojecka), 194, 207155 Gauguin, Paul, 117 Gazeta Polska, 174 Gegenwartsarbeit (work for the present), 129 Gelbard, Jerzy, 71ml gender and women’s history, 5; Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw and, 173; feminists and feminism, 8, 64, 67,106,157-158,194-195,197,198, 207155; Glass House and owner Irena Krzywicka, 7-8, 64-70; Lodzermensz/szmonces, women as, 157,162; Polonization of Jew ish women, 188-189; small communities, gender roles in, 236; youth movements, women members and male-female inter action in, 10, 232, 233, 236-238,237,239; Yung-Vilne and, 54118. See also institu tional spaces for women’s cultural pro duction in Krakôw; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances Gerer (Gur) Hasidim, 2, 97,10812 German, ethnic, in Poland, 2 German-Polish Non-
Aggression Pact (1934) renunciation of, 148 Gerson, Wojciech, 182 Gersztajn, Jakub, 259 Gesang zwischen den Stühlen (Kästner), 147-148 INDEX Glassheit, Franciszka, 194 Glass House, Podkowa Lesna, 7-8,56-70; excentricity of, 56, 68, 69-70; features and appearance of, 62-64, 63, 64,72П25; flat roof of, 68,73146; functional architectural style of, 7, 60, 61; garden city movement and founding of Podkowa Leina, 59, 70; geometric modernism of, 62; Goldberg and Rutkowski, firm of, 7-8, 56, 60-64; impact on neighborhood, 68-69, 70; Irena Krzywicka (owner), lifestyle of, 7-8, 64-70; local library in, 73144 Malewicz’s paintings, influence of, 62, 72124 minor architecture, theorization of, 73144; in modern architectural history, 59-60; modern architecture, employment of glass in, 57-58; New Canaan (CT) glass house, 57; postwar survival of, 721125, 73—74151; privacy in, 63-64,72127; pudelka (boxes) of 1960s and, 71—72120; transparency, as modernist concept, 56-57, 64. See also Krzywicka, Irena Glos Kobiety Zydowskiej (The voice of the Jewish woman), 201 Glospustyni (Sound of the desert; film), 118 Gluck, C. W., 133,143 Gnessin, Menahem, 115 Gody zycia (The Nuptials of life; Przybyszewski, play), 106 Goebbels, Joseph, 148 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 34129, 75, 256 Gold, Artur, 256, 261 Goldberg, Halina, 1,3-4,6,254,261, 287-288 Goldberg, Maksymilian: background and education, 60-61; construction of Glass House by, 7-8, 56, 60-64, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70; Krzywicka, relationship with, 61-62, 71117, 71П19; National Museum, Warsaw, design competition for, 71112; in Warsaw Ghetto, 72121. See also
Glass House Goldberg, Stanislaw, 66 Goldfaden, Abraham, 3, 25, 26, 28-29, 36П36,141,146 Goldmark, K„ 130,131,133,134 Goldszmit, Henryk (Janusz Korczak), 4, 5 Goldwasserowa, Rachel, 199 Goll, Yvan, 90П18 Golowka, Karasa movie theater in, 218 Goltermann, G., 135 Gonzalez, Joshua, 255 Goodman, Benny, 121 Gora, Yaffa, 111П19,124 Gôra Kalwaria (Yid. Ger) and Hasidim, 2, 108П2 Gôrale folk music, 120,126154 Gordin, Jacob, 34124
INDEX got fun nekome, Der {God of Vengeance·, Asch), 220 Gottlieb, Maurycy, tombstone monument for, 177-179,181, 186134 Gounod, Charles, 135 Grade, Chaim, 1126 Grimstad, Knut Andreas, ззтю, 162 Grinberg, Uri Tsvi, 24,84 Grodner moment (ekspres) (daily), 119 Grodno, Zefira’s performance in, 8,113, H9 123 Gropius, Walter, 60 Gross, Adolf, 197 Grossbard-Perlmutterowa, Sara, 199 Grünbaum, Franz (Kriebaum), 159 Grünbaum, Yitshak (Izaak), 136,215,217, 218,225126 Grünfeld, Judith Rosenbaum, 106 Grunhutowa, Helena, 208180 Grunwald, five hundredth anniversary of Battle of (1910), 174 Guattari, Félix, 73150 Guilmant, A., 135 Günsberg (Guensberg), Henryk, 145,146,147 Gutzkow, Karl, 149 Habima Theater, Berlin, 35П47, 116,149 Haggadah (Artur Szyk), 156 Haggadot, 93152 Hakhsharot (Heb., youth movements’ training programs), 236,237 Halévy, Jacques-François-Fromental, 135 Hamsun, Knut, 195, 207155 Handel, George Frideric, 134,135,139,145, 146,149 Hanukkah, 97,101,102,109ПП7-8,111П19, D5 139.140,141, 233 Hasenclever, Walter, 66,721132 Hashomer hatsa’ir, 10, 229; as cultural portal, 234-235; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238, 239, 240; Hazan and, 245126; Polish gov ernment and, 241; recruitment efforts of 1930s, 230; religious dynamics, awareness of, 231, 232,233; women members and male-female interaction, 236, 237, 238 Hasidim: amateur theatricals and, 97-98, .103,111П24; Bloch’s Baal Shem, 144-145; Broderzon’s followers known as, 21; Buber on, 78; Gerer (Gur) Hasidim, 2, 97,108П2; hitlahavut (Heb. ecstatic prayer) of, 76; nefilat hatsadik (the descent of the
zaddik), 93155 pseudo-Hasidic dance, Ara rat’s performance of, 29; Rathaus’s Uriel Acosta invoking tunes of, 149; regional centers for, 2; youth movements and, 231, 232, 233; Zionism and, 231 297 Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), 28, 55П40,80,148, 234,257 haskama (Heb. public letters of approval), 232 Hauptman, Gerhardt, 2071155 Haviv, Zerubavel, 214 Haydn, Joseph, 138 Haynt (daily), 97, 98,101,102,117,220 Hayntige nayes (daily), 98,101, 12132 Hazan, Ya'akov, 245126 He’atid/Przyszlosc (Future; Zionist monthly), 197 Hebrew language and literature: in Krakôw, 188,189,191,194; youth movements and, 238 Hebrew Secondary School (also Hebrew Gymnasium), Krakôw, 196,198,199,200 Hecht, Jôzef, 83 Hecker, Helena, 197 hefkerdik, 25 Heilman, Izaak, 137,139,140,142-143,144 Heller, Daniel Kupfert, 10, 228, 288 Heller, Roza (Helena Hellerôwna), 202, 2111112 Help Through Work (organization), 38 Hemar, Marian (Jan Marian Hescheles), 5, 150П10 Hermelin, Natan, 130,131,134,136 , Herzl, Theodor, 222, 233 Hescheles, Henryk Ignacy (Henryk Trejwart), 130 Hescheles, Jan Marian (Marian Hemar), 5, 150П10 Hetman, Ya’akov, 242 Heumannowa, Eugenia, 208П80 Hibat Tsiyon, 140 Hirschprung, Marta, 201 Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 60 hitlahavut (Heb. ecstatic prayer), 76 Hitler, Adolf, 144,148 Hochberg, Maria, 201 Hoffman, Bruno, 202,2111114 Hollander, Sara, 197 Holocaust, reclaiming histories lost to, 3-4, 10-11, 223 Homola, Irena, 191 horizontal art history, Piotr Piotrowski’s concept of, 76 Hornôwna, Etla, 199 Horowitz, Marceli, 143 Horowitzöwna, Ludwika, го8п8о Horszowski, Mieczyslaw, 260 Hotel Europejski,
Krakôw, 202 Howard, Ebenezer, 59 Ibsen, Henrik, 195 Idelsohn, Abraham Zvi, 119
298 I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room (Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca; formerly Peo ple’s Reading Room “Unity” [Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”]), Krakôw, 200, 202, 211109 Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny (journal), 201 impressionism versus expressionism, 81 Infeld, Bronislawa, 199, 202 Infeld, Leopold, 188 institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw, 9,188-204; in 1899,191-195,192; in 1919,195-199,196; in 1939,199-202,200; cultural and selfeducational associations, 194,195,196,198, 200, 202; doctorates, Jewish women earn ing, 197-198,199; educational institutions, 192,193-194,196,197-198,199,200, 203, 209ПП84-85, 210П103; familial support for, 188,197,203; fine art education and painting, 198; first secondary schools for girls, 189; Kazimierz neighborhood and, 192,193,195,198, 203-204; literary salons, 200, 202; literature and journalism, 194-199, 201-202, 203; maps as analytical tools for, 189-190,203; multilingual polysystem of Jewish culture, 188-189; Polonization of Jewish women and attendance at Polish schools, 188-189,191; radio broadcasting, 200, 202,210—211106; status and signif icance of Krakôw and its Jews, 190-191; teachers and university professors, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197, 199-201, 210П103, 2iinu6; theater, 195, 196,200, 202, 203. See also reading rooms, Krakow; specific institutions by name interethnic and interreligious hybridity: “Boze cos Judç” (“God Save Judah”) anthem, 179; Casimir the Great monu ment (unbuilt), Krakow and, 175,177; of Kahan, 42; in Lodz, 77,154; of Mickiewicz, 83-84; philanthropic initiatives,
intercon fessional, 179-180; in Polish film industry, 227150; of Vogler, 47; of Yung-yidish and Jewish expressionism, 88 International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM), 60, 61, 71П9 international style, in architecture, 60 Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail, 140 Israel. See Mandatory Palestine Israel ben Eliezer (Baal Shem Tov), 144-145 Isserles, Moses, noni6 Iwaszkiewicz, Anna Lilpop, 717 Iwaszkiewicz, Jaroslaw, 717 Jabotinsky, Vladimir (Ze’ev), 212, 220,221, 224ПП5-6, 229, 242 Jachimecki, Zdzislaw, 120-121 INDEX Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 9,120,191, 192,193,195,196,197-198,199-201,200, 201, 202, 210П103 Jakubczyk-Slçczka, Sylwia, 8-9,127, 288 JALS. See Jewish Artistic and Literary Society January Uprising (1863-1864), 173,222 jaselka (Polish Nativity plays) and Bais Yaakov theater, 101, nonn Jasifiska-Filipowska, Zofia Gottlieb, 202 jazz music, 6,18,120-121, 126155, 126П60, 128,139,141,142,144, 214 Jednosc (Unity; journal), 195 Jewish Agency Board, 214 Jewish Artistic and Literary Society (JALS; Zydowskie Towarzystwo ArtystycznoLiterackie), Lwôw, 127-128,133,136-149, 137-139,140-141,143,145-146. See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Jewish choral tradition, 254-261 Jewish Democratic Party, 197 Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah), 28, 55П40, 69, 80,148, 234, 257 Jewish Historical Institute, 72121 Jewish Labor Bund. See Bund Jewish Literary Union, 47,103,108 Jewish Music Society (Zydowskie Towarzystwo Muzyczne; JMS), Lwôw, 127137, I3i-i33 135· 139 149· See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Jewish National Fund (Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael; KKK), 138,214
Jewish National School in Music, 133 Jewish Philanthropy Society, 226П41 Jewish Polish culture. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Jewish Renaissance, Martin Buber’s idea of, 78, 82, 9018 Jewish Society for .Knowing the Land (Yid. Yidisher gezelshaft far landkentenish; Pol. Zydowskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze), journal of, 2,11П7 Jewish space, concept of, 213,224114 JMS. See Jewish Music Society Johnson, Philip, 57, 60 Joseph and His Brothers (The Selling ofJoseph·, Bais Yaakov play), 99,102,104,108-109П3 jubilee/anniversary culture in Poland, 136, 138,174-176,181,185121, 226П41 Judah Maccabee (Handel), 145,146,149 Judith (Schenirer; Bais Yaakov play), 97, 98, 104, 10917 Juliusz Siowacki Municipal Theater, Krakow, 173,195,196,200, 202 Juliusz Siowacki Reading Room for Women (Czytelnia dla Kobiet im. Juliusza Slowackiego), Krakow, 192,194
INDEX Junge Rheinland, Die, Düsseldorf, 79 Jutrzenka (weekly), 174,185119 Kagan, Yisrael Meir Ha-Kohen (Chofetz Chaim), по—тб Kahan, E„ 146 Kahan, Shimshn, 41-42,54117 Kalinôwna (Klingbeil), Dora, 162, 251 Kallas, Aniela (Aniela Korngutöwna or Korngut), 174,194,195,197, 208П66 Kalmar, Ivan, 114 Kamernii theater (Moscow), 27 Kantonisten (Cantonists; Bais Yaakov play), 98,99,109П3 Kaplan (née Eisen), Vichna, 112127 Karasa movie theaters: Golowka, 218; Lublin, 218,225126; Radom, 215 Karlowicz, Mieczyslaw, 130,131,132,133,145 Karpinski, Franciszek, 255 Kassow, Samuel, 231 Kästner, Erich, 146,147-148 Katechizm polskiego dziecka (Catechism of a Polish child; Belza), 106 Kaufler, Stefania, 211109 Kazimierz (Yid. Kuzmir): as distinctive Jewish district/neighborhood of Krakow, later incorporated into, 2,171,174,175, 190-191; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production and, 192,193,195,198, 203-204; plan to erect monument to Casi mir the Great in former market square of, 171,174,184 kehilot (Heb. Jewish community councils), 236 Kéler, В., 140 Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael (KKK; Jewish National Fund), 138, 214 Ketèlbey, A., 140 Khad-gadye puppet theater (Lôdi), 20 Khalyastre (The gang; expressionist period ical), 24,35ПЗЗ Khalyastre, Di (The gang; art group), 24, 8i, 84, 91124 kheyder, 77, 229 Khinukh (Education; club) theatricals, 102-103 Kiev: Jewish avant-garde milieu in, 78; Kultur-Lige in, 77, 81, 82,93157 Kipling, Rudyard, 195 Kipnis, Menakhem, 117,119 KKL (Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael; Jewish National Fund), 138, 214 Klein, Herman and Regina, villa of, 62 Klein, Leslie
Ginsparg, 111П24 Kleinberger, Pola, 211П109 Klementyna Tadska-Hoffmanowa Public Elementary School for Girls, Krakôw, 194, 199,200 299 Klepfish, Heshl, 102 kleynkunst teater, 3,7,15-32,163-164. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodi) klezmer music, 29,136 Klingbeil (Kalinôwna), Dora, 162 klyatshe, Di (The Nag·, Moykher-Sforim), 146,148 Knopping, Chaim, 139 Kodâly, Zoltan, 121 Koffler, Jôzef, 256, 260-261 Koiakowski, Leszek, 69 Kon, Henekh, 20,29,33ml Konigsberg, Ira, 125138 Korczak, Janusz (Henryk Goldszmit), 4, 5 Korngold, E. W., 130,133,134 Korngold, Lucjan, 71ml Korngutôwna, Aniela (Aniela Korngut; Aniela Kallas), 174,194,195,197,208П66 Korzenie (Roots; Zahorska), 198 Kosciuszko monument, Lwôw, 181 Kostopol, youth movements in, 237 Kowel, youth movement culture in, 230 Kozlowska, Magdalena, 8,113,127, 288 Kragen, Wanda, 201 Krakôw (Yid. Kroke): Bais Yaakov in, 105, 106; cabarets in, 19, 202,211114 changing political status of, 1, 2,174-175,190-191, 205120; Jews of, 190-191; Mickiewicz memorial statue, market square, 176-177, 178; Adam Mickiewicz’s ashes transferred to, 174,176; movie theaters in, 215,222; music societies in, 129; student population of, 209184 theater culture of, 105-106, 195. See also Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw; Kazimierz; reading rooms, Krakôw; spe cific buildings and locations Krasmski, Zygmunt, 92142 Kraszewski, Jôzef Ignacy, 174,176 Kriebaum’s (Franz Grünbaum’s) cabaret, Vienna, 159 Krivoe zerkalo (Broken/false mirror; cabaret, St. Petersburg), 19 Krol Macias'
Pierwszy (King Matt the First·, Korczak), 4 Kronland, Jacek, 139 Krukowski, Kazimierz (Lopek), 161,162 Krytyka (journal), 192,194-195 Krzywicka, Irena, 7-8,56,64-70; back ground and education, 64-66; Goldberg, relationship with, 61-62,71117, 7119; image of, 65; marriage and lovers, 66-67, 721133; modest means and expectations of, 61,71118; political views, cultural involve ment, and women’s rights, 66-70; trans parency, living out modernist concept of,
Зоо Krzywicka, Irena (cont.) 56-57, 64, 67, 69-70; Wyznania gorszycielki (Confessions of a scandalist), 69. See also Glass House Krzywicki, Andrzej, 67 Krzywicki, Jerzy, 66-67, 73137 Krzywicki, Ludwik, 66 Krzywicki, Piotr, 66 Kubiak, Anna (Chana), 72121 Kulbak, Moyshe, 25,40-41,42,44,45,46, 53П13 Kulczykowski, Mariusz, 197, 201, 210П103 Kultur-Lige (Yid. Culture League), 77, 81, 82,93157, 218,219, 220,226145 kunst (art) / shund (Yid. trashy culture) binary, 7,17, 25-26,28 Kuryer Literacko-Naukowy (weekly), 201 Kusewicki, Jakub, 139 Lächert, Bohdan, 62,72121 Lachsowa, Zofia, 208П80 Lag Ba’Omer, 233’ lamedvovnikim, 51 Landau, L„ 145 Landau-Eiger, Hanka, 202 Landauowa, Natalia, 2o8n8o landkentenish (knowing the land), Vogler’s poetics of, 37, 44-45 Landkentenish: Tsaytshriftfarfragn fun landkentenish un turistik, geshikhte fun yidishe yishuvim, folklor un etnografiye (Knowing the land: Journal for questions of knowing the land and tourism, the history of Jewish settlements, folklore, and ethnography; journal), 2,11П7 Landowska, Wanda, 260 Landy, Stella, 201 Langroderowa, Michalina, 2o8n8o Lawifiski (Latajner), Ludwik, 159 Le Corbusier, 60 Lee, Yenhsuan, 254, 256, 264 Left Poale Tsiyon Party (Po’ale Tsiyon Semol), 215, 222 Leib, Manni, 38 Lem, Stanislaw, 5 Lesmian, Boleslaw, 5 Lesser, Stefania, later Zahorska, 198 Levin, Moyshe, 54122, 54125 Levinson, Avraham, 15 Lew, Maks, 139 Lewandowski, Louis, 133,135,138 Lewandowski, Stanislaw, 173,182,185ml leybn. Dos—an ayznban (Life—a train; Kästner), 146,147-148 Leyvik, H., 23 Lichtensztajn, Yitskhok (Isaac Lichtenstein), 75 INDEX
Lieblingowa, Berta, 2o8n8o Liessin, A., 46-47 Lifshits, Moshe, 149 Lilpop, Stanislaw, 59,70,717 Lincer, Cecylia, 21109 Lindsey, Benjamin Barr, 66, 721134 Linetski, Yitskhok Yoyel, 25 Lissitzky, El, 21, 85, 89 Liszt, F., 143 “Lite” (Eynhorn), 40 Literarishe bleter (Literary pages; art jour nal), 15-17,16,26, 75,117,118,119 literary cabarets, 19, ззтю, 159-164 literary salons in Krakôw, 200,202 Lithuania, Republic of, rule over Wilno (194°). 51-52 Litvak Jewish identity and Vogler’s poetry, 7, 37, 4°. 44-46,49,53m, 53П9 “Litvishe tsigayner” (Lithuanian Gypsies; Kahan), 42 Lloyd, Harold, 212 Locker, Berl, 214 Lodz (Yid. Lodzh): artistic culture and “creative class” of, 15-17, 77-81, 89, 158-160; Astoria Café, 33П13; Bartkiewicz’s Zle miasto about, 153; Bi-Ba-Bo (literary cabaret), 19,33ml, 159-160,163,164; Broderzon as cultural activist in, 20-21, 22, 75-76; cultural exchange, as focus of, 165; Friedman’s monograph on, 6; Hotel Savoy, 158,159,161; as industrial/commercial hub, 19,40,77,153; Jewish population of, 90П13,154; Khad-gadye puppet the ater, 20; kleynkunst teater in, 163-164; as Kominogrod (chimney city), 153; literary cabarets in, 19, 33П10,159-160,163,164; lost Jewish history of, 3-4; movie theaters in, 153, 212,218, 220,225131; multiethnicity of, 77,154; overall population of, 153,154; Piotrkowska Street, 19,33П13; Reyrriont’s The Promised Land about, 153; as tabula rasa, 83. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz); multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz; Yungyidish group and Jewish expressionism Lodz Artist Society (Artistn-farayn), 27
Lodzermensz (Yid. Lodzhermensh; Ger. Lodzermensch): Broderzon as, 75-76, 88-89; concept of, 152,153,154-158,155, 164; gendered interpretation of, 157; in literary cabarets, 159,160; multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 154-158,155,164; szmonces genre, included in, 160-163,164 Lodzianka (annual), 152 Loew (Low), L., 135,146 Lopek (Kazimierz Krukowski), 161,162
INDEX Lublin, movie theaters in, 215,218; Zefira in, 113,114 Lubliner togblat (daily), 113 Luboml, youth movements in, 232, 242 Luck, youth movement culture in, 230,237, 239 Luft, H., 146 Lüling, B., 140 Luxemburg, Rosa (Röza), 721129 Lwôw (Yid. Lemberik; Ger. Lemberg; Ukr. Lviv): Kokiuszko monument, 181; movie theaters in, 212; musical culture and insti tutions of, 129; shifting political bound aries of Poland and significance of, 1. See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Lwôw, Polish-Ukrainian Battle of (1918-1919), 129 Lwôw [Radio] Wave (Lwowska Fala), 142 Lyady and Hasidim, 2 maggid (itinerant preachers), 29 Mahler, Gustav, 130,133,134, 50112 Makhmadim, 79 Malewicz, Kazimerz, 62, 72024 Malopolska (Lesser Poland), 190 Malzenstwo kolezehskie (The Companionate Marriage·, Lindsey), 66 Mandatory Palestine: concert programming in Lwôw from, 145,147; Hashomer hatsa’ir leaders emigrating to, 230; Jabotin sky’s evacuation plan for Polish Jews to, 242; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123; popular culture, contempt for, 214,225123; sihot (group discussions) of youth movements on, 235; speakers from, in Poland, 212-215, 216,217, 220, 223; Yemenite Jews, Orientalization of, 117; youth movements providing cultural portal to, 234; Zefira’s background and early career in, 8,113, 115-116 Mandelbaum, Mala, 201 Manekin, Rachel, 189 Manievich, Abraham, 76 Mann, Thomas, 234 Mapai, 212 maps, as analytical tools, 189-190, 203. See also institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw Maria Konopnicka Primary School, Krakôw, 199,200 Mark, Arn,
48 market towns. See shtetlakh Markish, Perets, 24, 25,35П33, 80-81, 84 Marminski, Israel (Marom), 215,225125 Marx, Karl, 57, 66, 70 301 Marxism, 66,77,229 Mascagni, Pietro, 145,147 Maslak-Maciejewska, Alicja, 9,171,288 Mata Hari (Margaretha Geertruida “Margreet” MacLeod), 118 Matejko, Jan, 177,182 Matera, Rafal, 166125 matura certificates, 193,199 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 22,34025,34029,77 May Coup (1926), 18,136 Meidner, Ludwig, 78,88, 92П40, 93154 Meir Ezofowicz (Orzeszkowa), 195 Mendelsohn, Ezra, 186034,243 Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix, 130,131-132, 134 135 138,143,146,148,150112, 256, 259 Menno, Nancy, 117 messianic and apocalyptic themes, 8,77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151 Metzler Lexikon: Avantgarde, 76 Meyer, Bernard, 136 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 27 Mickiewicz, Adam: ashes transferred to Wawel Cathedral, Krakôw, 174,176; Dziady, Part III, 176; Irena Krzywicka and, 66; literary evenings dedicated to, 172,176; memorial statue of, Krakôw mar ket square, 176-177,178,181; Pan Tadeusz, 176; philosemitism of, 84, 92142,177; Reduta Ordona, 176; Sarah Schenirer and, 106; theater adaptations of works of, 195; Warsaw street named for, 58; Yung-yidish movement and, 83-84,920П41-42 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 60 Mikhton, Bentsye, 42 Mirande, Yves, 106 Miraz movie theater, Biala Podlaska, 218 Miraz movie theater, Radom, 215 Mirjams Siegesgesang (Miriam’s Song of Triumph: Schubert), 145,146,148,149 Miron, Dan, 25, 245024 Mizrahi (Zionist religious movement), 215 Mloda Polska (Young Poland) movement, 77, 84 191-193 Mlynôw, youth movements in, 232 modernism/modernity: in architecture,
7, 60, 62, 73046 (see also Glass House); artistic modernity, Polish circumstances fostering, 6; Chagall as first modern artist, 81-82; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 129,149; Eastern Europe, emergence in, 8; folk modernism of Vogler, 51; Jewish education for girls as modernist project, 8; Polish Jewish artists’ engagement with, 260; populist modern ism of Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz), 7,18-21; Russian modernism/avant-garde, 17, 21-24, 29, 33П9, 34122; transparency, as
302 modernism/modernity (cont.) modernist concept, 56-57, 64; of Vogler’s poetry, 7; Yiddish modernist writers’ interest in expanding Yiddish borders, 52; Young Poland and, 191-193; Yung-Vilne and, 7, 37; Yung-yidish and, 77, 81 moment. Der (journal), 220 Momus (literary cabaret, Warsaw), 159-160 Monderer, Julia (Julia Romowicz), 195 Montefiore, Moses, 178 Moravia, German-Jewish schools in, 213 Moretti, Franco, 189 Morskie Oko (Sea eye; cabaret, Warsaw), 19. 251 Moscow: Broderzon in, 21, 27,34122, 90ПП4-5; Kamernil theater, 27 Moscow Art Theater, 27 Moscow Circle of Yiddish Writers and Artists, 21 Most, Andrea, 111П20 Moszkowski, Maurycy, 141 movies: Bais Yaakov story about potential movie, 112132; interethnic/interfaith coop erative environment of Polish film indus try, 227150; “kino” audience and popular nature of medium, concerns about, 212, 214, 218, 220; popularity of cinema in Poland, 212, 213, 214, 220-222; religious/ rabbinical authorities’ views on, 215; as tenth muse, in Poland, 220,226144 movie theaters as Jewish public spaces, 10, 212-223; Bund and, 213, 215-218, 220, 222; concept of Jewish space, 213,224114 cultural, literary, and philanthropic events, 218-220, 226П41; documentary and pro paganda films, organizations sponsoring, 220,22г, Kultur-Lige and, 218,219, 220; mass Jewish public assemblies, movie theaters as spaces for, 212-214; as neutral spaces bridging cultural and ideological gaps, 220-223,227150; number of movie theaters in Poland, 213; political disputes and violent confrontations, 220, 225226135; religious/rabbinical authorities and, 215;
synagogues compared, 222; Yiddish cinema, 213; youth movements and, 220; Zionist speakers and events, 212, 214-218,216,217, 220. See also specific towns and theaters Moykher-Sforim, Mendele, 146,148,149 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 130,131,132, 135.137,143 145 146 Mucha (Housefly; weekly), 156 multiculturalism. See interethnic and inter religious hybridity multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz, 9,152-165; Broderzon INDEX and, 163-164; “creative class” in Lodz, 158-160; kleynkunst teater, 163-164; life and culture in fin de siècle Lodz, 153-154; literary cabarets, 159-163; Lodzermensz, concept of, 154-158,155,164 (see also Lodzermensz); magazines and journals, 155,155-157 159.160,161,163; szmonces genre, 160-163,164, 168147; Yung-yidish group and, 163 Munch, Edvard, 77 Municipal Theater (now Juliusz Slowacki Municipal Theater), Krakow, 173,195,196, 200, 202 music. See concert programming in inter-, war Lwow; “Soundscapes of Modernity” concert; Zefira, Bracha Mussorgsky, Modest, 143 Nadler, Shmuel, 102,103,110ПП12-13 Nardi, Nahum (Nakhum Narodetskii), 115, 116,118,120,121 Nasza Szkola, Krakôw, 199,200 Nasz Przeglqd (daily), 81-82 National Democrats (Endecja), 18, 68, 73148, 144.156-157 Naumbourg, Samuel, 138,140 Nayman, Yekhezkl Moyshe, 88 Neufeld, Daniel, 174 New Canaan (CT) glass house, 57-58, 68-69 New York Times, 122-123 Ney, Nora, 118 Niewiadomski, Stanislaw, 145 Nomberg, H. D., 138 Nossig, Alfred, 18412 November Uprising (1830-1831), 92141 Nowa Gazeta Lôdzka (New Lôdz gazette), 159,160 Nowakowski, Zygmunt, 202 Nowa Reforma (journal), 197, 2o8n66
Nowogrodzki, Emanuel, 218 Nowy Dziennik (daily), 183,196,198,200, 201, 202 Nuremberg Laws, 144 Oberlenderowa, Klara, 208П80 Oettinger, Jôzef, 177-178, 18634 Ognisko Pracy (vocational school for girls), Krakôw, 197,199,200 Ojczyzna (Homeland; biweekly), 175,177, 178,195 Okienko na Swiat (Window on the world; children’s periodical), 200, 201, 202 Oncle Thom (Konrad Tom/Konrad Runowiecki), 159,160,161,162, 166126 Ordonöwna, Hanka, 112П32 “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123
INDEX Orientalism, 114-115,119,127 Oriental music, 119,120-121,122-123,127 Orthodox Judaism: Agudath Israel as political party of, 108П2; Bais Yaakov, as Orthodox school movement, 8,97,98, 101,103-104,106-107; exotic othering of, 12413; linguistic Polonization of, 188; lit erature and, 102,103,109-110П9; Shmuel Nadler’s renunciation of, 103; school jour nals, 109П9; theatrical productions and, 97,101-103,107-108, nonio; women and, 104,108,188 Orzeszkowa, Eliza, 195 Osowa Wyszka, youth movements in, 232 Ostjuden (Eastern European Jewry), image of, 78,88 Otwock, movie theaters in, 220 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, 137 Palace movie theater, Lublin, 218 Palestine. See Mandatory Palestine Palestine Symphony (Bensman), 127,130 Pan Tadeusz (Mickiewicz), 176 Passover, 38,93152, 233 Pathetiker, Die (Berlin), 78,83, 92П40 PEN Club, 47 Penslar, Derek, 114 People’s Reading Room “Unity” (Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room]), Krakow, 202 Peretz, Yitzkhok Leyb, 23, 29,32,36П53, 85, 88,137, 202, 218,219, 222 performativity theory, 108 Perkowska, Urszula, 197 Perln oyfn bruk (Pearls on the cobblestones; Yung-yidish), 83 Perskie Oko (Persian eye; cabaret, Warsaw), 19 Petterson, Carla L., 116 philanthropic initiatives, interconfessional, 179-180 philosemitism: of Casimir the Great, 174, 177; of Mickiewicz, 84, 92142,177 Picasso, Pablo, 117 Pilsudski, Jozef, 2,18,136,144, 222 Pinsk, youth movement culture in, 230 Piotrowski, Piotr, 76, 92135 Pipman. See Urstein, Jozef “Pikus” Pirandello, Luigi, 234 Plohn, Alfred, 127,129,134,142,149
Pniowerôwna, Regina, 194, 206—207147 Po’ale Tsiyon Semol (Left Poale Tsiyon Party), 215, 222 Podkowa Lesna, Glass House in. See Glass House pogroms, 76 ЗОЗ Polesie, youth movements in, 229, 231, 240, 245126 Polewka, Adam, 202,21114 Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw, 1-11; center/periphery pairings, 5; cultural pro duction, focus on, 4-6; gender and wom en’s history, 5; geographical and temporal framework, 4, 5-6; Holocaust and lost his tory of, reclaiming, 3-4,10-11; majority/ minority cultures, relationships between, 6; modern artistic expressions of, 7-8 (see also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater [Lodz]; Glass House; Vogler, Elkhonen; Yungyidish group and Jewish expressionism); performers and audiences, interplay between, 8-9 (see also concert program ming in interwar Lwôw; multidirectional flow of culture; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances; Zefira, Bracha); postcolonial approach to, 12413; regionalism, Friedman on, 2-3; shifting political boundaries of Poland affecting, 1, 2, 6; spatial components of, 9-10 (see also Casimir the Great monument [unbuilt], Krakôw; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces; youth movements) Polish Jewish Studies Workshop, Rutgers University, 6 Polish language, Jewish use of, 5,155,188, 189,191,195-197 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodôw), 1 Polski Rocznik Muzykologiczny (Polish musicological yearbook), 119 Portnoj, Felicja Barbanel Goldberg, 66, 721129 Portnoj, Jekutiel, 66 Portnoy, Eddy, 103 "Postne Lite” (Modest Lithuania; Vogler),
51-52,55140 Postolski, Shalom, 145,147 Poznah, BUNT group in, 77, 79 primitivism and the primitive, 82,116-118, 121 Private Gymnasium for Girls, Krakôw, 192, 193 Progressive Association, 172,186127 progressive Jews, 133,172,175,177,180,194, 250, 257, 258 Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia, 9,188, 288-289 Proletkult theater (Soviet), 20 Promised Land, The (Reymont), 153 Propper, Adela, 173 Propper, Jan Albert, 172,173 Pruzana, youth movements in, 239
304 Przedwiosnie (The ComingSpring; Zeromski), 58 Przemysl, music societies in, 129 Przodownica (feminist weekly), 196,197 Przybyszewski, Stanislaw, 77-78, 84,106 Przyjçcie Zydùw do Polski przez Kazimierza Wielkiego (Admission ofJews to Poland by Casimir the Great·, Henryk Hochman, bas-relief plaque), 181-183,182,184,18754 Puccini, Giacomo, 141 Pulaver, Moyshe, 18 Purchia, Jacek, 190 Purim and Purimshpil (Purim play), 34124, 35147, 101,104,106,109П8, nonio, И0-ШП16,117,139 Puterman, Julian (Julian Sadlowski), 71П11 Queen Esther contest, 117 Qui Pro Quo (cabaret, Warsaw), 19,160-164, 167П31 Rabinovich, Solomon Naumovich (Sholem Aleichem), 2 5,34124 35137 Rachmaninov, Sergei, 137 radio broadcasting, 139,142,200, 202, 210—211106, 214 Radio Lwôw (Wave), 139 Radom, movie theaters in, 215,217 Rapoport, Y., 54128 Rappoport, Shloyme Zanvl (An-sky), 29 Rathaus, Karol, 145,146,148-149 Ravitsh, Melekh, 24-25 Raysn (Kulbak), 40-41,44, 46 reading rooms, Krakôw: Czytelnia dla Kobiet im. Juliusza Slowackiego (Juliusz Slowacki Reading Room for Women), 192,194; Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednoic” (People’s Reading Room “Unity”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room]), 200, 202, 211109; Czytelnia Towarzyska (Social Reading Room), 196,198-199,200, 202, 208—209180; Reading Room of Jewish Mercantile Youth (Czytelnia Starozakonnej Mlodziezy Handlowej), 172,173, 176,178; “Ruth” reading room for Jewish women, 192,194,202, 207149 Reduta Ordona (Mickiewicz), 176 Reduta Smiechu (literary cabaret, Lôdz), 159 Reform Synagogue, Krakôw. See Tem pel (progressive or reform
synagogue), Krakôw Regional Artisan Organization, 141 regional Polish Jewish culture. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Reich, Leon, 129,136 Reicher-Thonowa, Gizela, 201 INDEX Reinhardt, Max, 116 Reizen, Zalmen, 188 religion: Broderzon’s use of religious Jew ish vocabulary, 35145; Mizrahi (Zionist religious movement), 215; movie theaters, religious/rabbinical authorities and, 215; youth movements, religious dynamics of, 231-233; Zionism, religious Jews and, 231. See also Hasidim; interethnic and interreligious hybridity, messianic and apocalyptic themes; Orthodox Judaism; synagogues Reri (Anna Chevalier), 118, 125137 Revisionist Zionists, 212, 215, 220,22415, 226135. See also Betar Reymont, Wladyslaw Stanislaw, 153,155 Rheinberger, J., 135 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, 132 Rise and Fall of the City ofMahagonny, The (Aufstieg und Pall der Stadt Mahagonny; Brecht/Weil), 18 Rivoir, André, 106 Robotnik (daily), 113 Rolland, Romain, 207155 Roma people, 42 Romowicz, Julia (Julia Monderer), 195 Rosen, Matthias, 174 Rosenbaum (later Grünfeld), Judith, 106 Rosenberg, Cecylia, 194 Rosenberg, Celestyna, 197 Rosenblatt, Yossele, 222 Rosenthal, Maurycy, 260 Rosenzweig, Franz, 77,78 Rostowa, Nella, 199 Rotman, Diego, 33П7 Rôwne, youth movement culture in, 230, 240,241 Roxy movie theater, Lodz, 220,221 Rôzan, Bais Yaakov in, 98 Rozhanski, Elkhonen. See Vogler, Elkhonen Rubinstein, Artur, 260 Runowiecki, Konrad (Konrad Tom; Oncle Thom), 159,160,161,162, 166126 Ruskin, John, 195 Russia: attitudes toward peasants in, 117; Broderzon in, 21, 27,34122, 90П4; modernism/avant-garde in, 17, 21;
pogrom refugees from, 76; Proletkult theater, 20; restrictions on Jewish public buildings in, 222; Siniaia Ptifsa (Berlin cabaret) founded by Russians, 19,164; Vogler in, 52. See also specific cities Russian Poland, industrialization of, 6 Rutgers Kirkpatrick Choir, 254, 255, 256, 262, 265 Rutgers University Polish Jewish Studies Workshop, 6
INDEX Ruth (journal), 194 “Ruth” reading room for Jewish women, Krakow, 192,194, 202, 207149 Rutkowski, Hipolit, 56, 60-64, 63, 64. See also Glass House Ryback, Yisakhar Ber, 21,76, 81, 89 Rygier, Teodor, 176 rynek (market square), 2 Sabbatean doctrine, 93155 Sabbath observance/nonobservance, 39, 46, 89,141, 215-218, 220, 223, 233, 239, 242 Sadlowski, Julian (Julian Puterman), 71ml Sambatyon, 17, ззпб Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances, 8, 97-108; Agudath Israel and, 101-102, io8ni, 109-11009,111П21; Avot 2:6 and, 105, ШП24; Bais Yaakov Journal, 109-110П9,110П13; The Binding of Isaac, 98-101,104; Bnos (associated youth movement), 102; cross-dressing by girls, 98-IOI, 99, IO4-IO5, 11О-111П16, ШП24; female-only audiences and boys’ efforts to attend, 97-101,100,104; importance of theater to Bais Yaakov culture, 98, юз107, ш9; Joseph and His Brothers/The Selling ofJoseph, 99, 102,104,108-109П3; Judith, 97,98,104,109П7; Kantonisten, 98,99,109П3; Khinukh’s efforts to pres ent play with mixed-gender cast, 101102; Krakow theater culture, Schenirer influenced by, 105-106,107-108; movie, rumor about, 112132; Orthodox amateur young men’s theater and, 101-102,107, 108, nonio; pedagogy of Bais Yaakov and, 106-107,188; Polish Nativity plays and, nonn; reproduction of Orthodox culture and Bais Yaakov girls, 107; “Ruth” reading room, Krakôw, Schenirer on meetings at, 207149; scripts written by Schenirer, 98, 105, 125; small towns to cities, direction of cultural influence from, 107-108; Torah learning for girls, Bais Yaakov providing, 8,105 Schiffmann, Franciszka, 197
Schiffowa, Roza, 208П80 Schildkret, Lucy (Lucy S. Dawidowicz), 10 Schlechter, Emanuel, 4 Schlesinger, Majer, 186027 Schoenberg, Arnold, 261 Scholem, Gershom, 78,93155 School for Decorative Arts and Art Indus try, Krakôw, 199,200 schools and schooling. See education; specific schools Schubert, Franz, 131,135,138,140,143,145, 145,146,148,149 ЗО5 Schumann, Robert, 135 Schwab, Erin, 254,256 Seidman, Naomi, 8, 97, 289 Seo, Jihyang, 254, 255, 256, 264 Sephardic Jewry, 114,115 Seydenbeutel, Edward, 71ml Sforim, Mendele Moykher (Sholem Yankev Abramovich), 25,34124 Shabbat HaGadol, 93152 ShaCh (Shabtai Cohen), daughter of, 112П32 Shallcross, Bozena, 7-8, 56, 289 Shavuot, 233 Shaw, Artie, 121 Shaw, George Bernard, 234 Shaykevitch, Nokhem Meyer (Shomer), 25 Shlonsky, Avram, 145,147 Sholem Aleichem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich), 25, 34П24, 35137 Shomer (Nokhem Meyer Shaykevitch), 25 “shotn, Der” (The Shadow; Andersen), 146, 148 Shprotsungen (Fresh growths; journal), 39 shtetlakh (Yid. market towns), 2,10,82,85, 212-213,222,223, 228-230,233,235,236, 249 “shtot, Di” (The city; Kulbak), 40 Shulman, Eliyohu, 46 Shumacher, Yisroel, 32, 33П7, 33П15 shund (Yid. trashy culture), 7,17, 25-26, 28-29 Shvarts-shabes (Black Sabbath; Broderzon), 79-81,80, 84 Shveln (Threshold; Markish), 80-81 Siedlecka, Maria, 194 Siedlice, Bais Yaakov in, 98,100 Siel, Sidney, 115 Sigalin, Grzegorz, 71ml sihot (group discussions), 235, 239,240 Sikhes khulin (Broderzon), 85 Silber, Marcos, 9,33ПП10-11,152, 289 Silberfeld, Antonina, 195 Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 82 Siniaia Ptitsa (Der blaue Vogel, Russian cabaret in
Berlin), 19,19, 29,33П12,164 Sinkoff, Nancy, 1, 6, 254, 289 Skamander (poetic group), 71П7 Slonimski, Antoni, 163 Smiech (Laughter; Lodz weekly), 156-157, 159,160 Smiech (Laughter; Warsaw weekly), 155, 155-156 socialism, 6, 66, 80,153,165П6,194, 228, 229, 232, 239, 241, 257. See also Bund Social Reading Room (Czytelnia Towarzyska), Krakôw, 196,198-199,200, 202, 208—209180 Society for Jewish Folk Music, 133
Зоб Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music, Vienna, 147 Society of Planned Motherhood and the League for the Reform of Morals, 202 Society of the Lovers of Early-Modern Music (Stowarzyszenie Milosnikôw Dawnej Muzyki), 119 Sokolow, Nahum, 212, 214, 218 Soloveytshik, Henekh, 39, 41 Somarriba, Enriqueta, 254, 255, 256, 264-265 “Soundscapes of Modernity” concert, Rutgers University (2018), 6, 253-265 Soviet Union. See Russia Spitzer, Salomon, 178,186127, 186138 Splendor movie theater, Lodz, 218 Spranger, Eduard, 234 Sroda, Magdalena, 67 Stanislavski, Konstantin, 27 Stanislaw i Anna Oswiecimowie (Karfowicz), 130 Stanislawôw, music societies in, 129 Statute ofKalisz, The (Artur Szyk), 156 Stawisko (house of Stanislaw Lilpop), 717 Steinbergowa, Hudes, 199 Steinhardt, Jakob, 78, 88, 89, 92П40, 93154 Steinlauf, Michael, 25 Stendigowa, Felicja, 201, 202, 210П101, 210—2111105—106 Sterling, Seweryn, 4 Stern, Zehavit, 7,15, 289-290 Sternbachöwna, Heia, 2o8n8o Stemberger, Leon, 258 Stolarska-Fronia, Malgorzata, 8, 75,163, 290 Stoner, Jill, 73150 Stowarzyszenie Architektôw Rzeczypospolite) Polskiej (Association of Architects of the Polish Republic), 61 Stowarzyszenie Milosnikôw Dawne) Muzyki (Society of the Lovers of Early-Modern Music), 119 St. Petersburg, cabarets in, 19,33ml St. Petersburg Society for Jewish Folk Music, 133,144,147, 15130 Strakun, Leopold, 82 Strashun library, Wilno, 39 Strauss, Johann, II, 132,137,145 Strauss, Richard, 132,133 Strawinsky, L, 143 Strizowerôwna, Rôza, 2o8n8o St. Salomea School, Krakôw, 206—207147 St. Scholastica School for Girls, Krakôw, 192,193
Suchmiel, Jadwiga, 197 Sullivan, Louis H., 60 Sulzer, Salomon, 133,135,148,258 summer camps, 213 Sutzkever, Avrom, 51 INDEX Sutzkever, Rokhl, 42,43,47,48,54118 Swanson, Gloria, 212 synagogues: Jewish choral tradition and, 257-258; as Jewish public spaces, 222; Tempel (progressive or reform syna gogue), Krakôw, 172,175,176,177,178,179, 191; youth movements and, 231, 232 synthetic theater, 27-28,35142, 35149 Syrena Record, 261 Szagal, Marek (Marc Chagall), 81-82, 89 Szalit, Paula, 255, 260 Szczuka, Mieczyslaw, 68, 73146 Szkola Kazimierzowska (Casimir the Great School), Kazimierz, Krakôw, 192,193 szlachta (noble class) tradition, 152,153 szmonces (Yid. shmontses) genre, 160-163, 164,168П47 Szternfeld, Ary, 4 Szwarc, Marek, 29,79,90П4, 91124 Szyk, Artur, 21,22,156,159,160,163 Szyk, Zalmen, 55 Szymanowski, Karol, 120,121 Tairov, Aleksandr, 27 Tanczqcy ogien (Dancing fire; journal), 163 Tansman, Aleksander, 4, 255, 260 Tarbut schools, 230 Targownik, Pola, 2111109 Tarnopol (Ukr. Ternopil), shifting political significance of, 1 Tarnowski, Stanislaw, 195 Taubenschlagowa, Pola, 2o8n8o Tausig, Karol, 260 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 132,133 teachers, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197,199-201, 210П103, 211П116 Teatr Ludowy, Krakow, 195 Tekiye gedola (The great shofar blast; Yitskhok Brauner), 84, 85, 87, 92П45 Tempel (progressive or reform synagogue), Krakôw, 172,175,176,177,178,179,191 tenth muse, movies as, in Poland, 220, 226144 Teofil Lenartowicz School, Krakôw, 199,200 theater: as institutional space for women’s cultural production in Krakow, 195,196, 200,202, 203;
Orthodox Jewish theat rical productions, 97,101-103,107-108, nonio; youth movements and, 236. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lôdz); movie theaters as Jewish public spaces; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances; specific theaters Thesaurus ofHebrew-Oriental Melodies (Idelsohn), 119 Thon, Ozjasz, 191
INDEX Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper; Brecht/Weil), 18 Tkhiyes hameysim (Resurrection; Yung-yidish), 83 Tom, Konrad (Konrad Runowiecki; Oncle Thom), 159,160,161,162,166П26 Tomaszôw Mazowiecki, movie theaters in, 220 To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Free dom (Howard), 59 Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludnosci Zydowskiej (TOZ; Society for Safeguarding the Health of the Jewish Population), 220 Towarzystwo Zachçty Sztuk Piçknych (Association of Fine Arts), 173 Trade Gymnasium (Private Jewish Coed ucational Middle School for Trade), Krakôw, 199 transparency: as architectural feature, 57-58, 69; Krzywicka living out modernist concept of, 56-57,64,67,69-70; as modernist con cept, 56-57,64; psychoanalysis and, 70m Traveler Disguised, A (Miron), ,25 Trejwart, Henryk (Henryk Ignacy Hescheles), 130 Trumpeldor, Joseph, 233 Trunk, Yekhiel Yeshava, 22 Trybuna Akademicka, 191 Tsabari, Tsipora, 117 Tseirey Agudas Yisroel. See Agudath Israel tsukunft, Di (art journal), 47 Tsvey beriozes baym trakt (Two birch trees by the highway; Vogler), 47-51,48 Tunkeler, Der (Yoysef Tunkel), 28 Turkow, Zygmunt, 26,146 Tuszyhska, Agata, 69 Tuwim, Julian, 5,153,154,159-163 Tygodnik (weekly), 195-197,199 Ukrainians in Poland, 2, 220,240 Uncle Tom's Cabin (Stowe), Polish recep tion of, 166126 United States: dichotomous view of African and Native Americans in, 117; Europe, American Jews from, 126П60; Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), Polish reception of, 166П26; Zefira’s tour of, 121-123,122 “Unity” People’s Reading Room (Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz
People’s Reading Room]), Krakôw, 200, 202, 211109 university professors, women working as, 199-201 Uriel Acosta (Gutzkow), 149 Uriel Acosta (Rathaus), 145,146,148-149 Urstein, Jdzef "Pikus" (Pipman), 159,161, 162, 167131 ЗО7 Vakhtangov, Yevgeny, 35147 Valdiks (Of the forest; Avrom Sutzkever), 51 Valentino, Rudolph, 212 Velfke’s tavern, Wilno, 39 Verdi, Giuseppe, 138 Vienna: coffeehouses of, 213; Franz Grünbaum’s (Kriebaum’s) cabaret, 159; hun dredth anniversary of Relief of (1883), 174; Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music, 147 Vilna. See Wilno Vilna Conservatory, 46 “Vilne” (Kulbak), 41,53П13 Vilner tog (daily), 39 Vladimir Jabotinsky: Let the Jews Enter Palestine (film), 220,221 Vogler, Elkhonen, 7, 37-52; bletl in vint, A (A page in the wind), 42-47,43; early life and career, 38-39; folk style, use of, 42,43, 44,48, 49, 51; Friling afn trakt (Springtime on the country highway), 52,55141; influ ences on, 40-42; Litvak Jewish identity and, 7,37,40, 44-46, 49 53Π1,53n9; local ized language, use of, 44-45,49,55134; pastoralism, turn to, 37, 44-46, 47, 49,52; poetics of, 39-40; "Postne Lite” (Modest Lithuania), 51-52,55140; pseudonym taken on by, 38, 39, 52; self-doubt of, 46-47,48,49; Tsvey beriozes baym trakt (Two birch trees by the highway), 47-51, 48; WWII and postwar life and career, 52; Yung-Vilne and, 37,39,42, 46, 47, 51-52 Vogler, Henryk, 188 Wagner, Esther Willig, 99,108-10903 Wagner, Richard, 132,133 Warecka, Aniela, 66,72130 Warkowicze, youth movements in, 233,242 Wars, Henryk, 4 Warsaw: Ararat’s move to, 32; cabarets in, 19,159-164; Dom Prasy (The Press
House), 61; Fama movie theater, Mizrahi Zionist meetings in, 215; as “ferment,” 73435; glass house in, 58; Jewish avantgarde milieu in, 78; Jewish Literary Union in, 103,108; Irena Krzywicka in, 64-66; Momus (literary cabaret), 159-160; as press and publishing center, 53П9; Qui Pro Quo (cabaret), 19,160-164,167П31; Saska Kçpa neighborhood architecture in, 61; shifting political boundaries of Poland and significance of, 1; Ziemiahska Café, 67, 69. See also multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz Warschauer, Jonathan, 172,173,180-181 Washington and His Times (Artur Szyk), 156
3θ8 Wasserman, Jacob, 195 Waszyfiski, Michal, 118,125138 Wawel Cathedral, Krakôw, 174-175,179 We (Zamyatin), 58 Weber, Carl Maria von, 132,137 Webern, Anton, 261 Weil, Kurt, 18 Weinberg, Thea, 120 Weinberger, Juliusz, 137 Weinloes, 139 Weinreich, Max, 54125 Weinzieher, Michal, 82 Weisenberg, Jonasz, 179 Weiss, Jakob Leopold, 255, 258 West versus East. See East versus West Wiadomosci Literackie (Literary news; weekly), 67, 69 Wilde, Oscar, 195 Willig, Esther (later Wagner), 108П3 Wilno (Yid. Vilna; Lith. Vilnius): Jewish Literary Union and PEN Club, 47; as Jewish regional center, 2, 40, 51-52, 55П40; Nazi destruction of Jewish Wilno, 52; Republic of Lithuania’s rule over (1940), 51-52; shifting political boundaries of Poland and significance of, 1; Strashun library, 39; Velfke’s tavern, 39. See also Vogler, Elkhonen; YIVO; Yung-Vilne Wintersteinowa, Anna, 208П80 Wisniowski, Teofil, 61 Wladyslaw IV Vasa (King, Polish Lithua nian Commonwealth), 257 Wlast, Andrzej (Gustaw Baumritter), 159, 160,161, 256, 261 Wlodzimierz Wolyfiski, youth movements in, 236 Wolf, Edward, 260 Wolfram House, 62,721123 Wolfsohn, Juliusz, 144,146,147 Wolfsthal, Chune, 136,140,141,144,145,146 Wolnica Square, Krakôw, 171,182 Wolyfi, youth movements in, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236, 239, 240 women’s history. See gender and women’s history Wordsworth, William, 52,55142 World Zionist Organization, 212 W Tatrach (In the Tatra Mountains; Zelefiski), 130,131 Wyspianski, Stanislaw, 84,92146,106,195 Wyznania gorszycielki (Confessions of a scandalist; Irena Krzywicka), 69 Yemenite Jews: Orientalization of, in Man
datory Palestine, 117; Zefira’s Yemenite background, 115-116; Zionism and, 118-119 Yiddish cinema, 213 INDEX Yiddish language and literature in Krakôw, 188,189,191 YIVO (Jewish Scientific Institute): auto biographies collected by, 10,229,235; Friedman, regionalism article of, 2-3; Lucy Schildkret (Lucy S. Dawidowicz) at, 10; Wilno’s cultural/scholarly traditions and, 5319 yizker bikher (Yid. memorial books), 10,223 Young Poland (Mloda Polska) literary movement, 77, 84,191-193 youth movements, 10,228-243; for Bais Yaa kov girls, 102; commemorations and holi days, 233; as cultural portals, 234-236; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238-240; haskama (public letters of approval) sought by, 232; libraries estab lished by, 235; movie theaters, public events in, 220; Polish government and, 240-242, 243; in provincial towns versus cities, 243; recruitment initiatives of 1930s, 229,230231; religious dynamics of, 231-233; sihot (group discussions), 235,239,240; sources and recent scholarship, 228-230; sports and physical activities, 235-236; women members and male-female interaction, 10, 232, 233,236-238,237,239. See also specific organizations Yung-Vilne (Young Vilna), 7; catastroph ism of, 46; interethnic and interreligious hybridity of poems of, 42, 47; under Lithuanian occupation (1940), 51-52; regionalism of, 41-42; Vogler and, 37, 39,42,46,47,51-52 (see also Vogler, Elkhonen); Wilno as Jewish cultural center and, 55П40; women in, 54118; WWII and dispersal of, 52 Yung-yidish (art journal): Broderzon found ing, 20, 22; Broderzon’s manifestos in, 83,
84; first issue of, 83, 84; manifesto of, 22, 23,34127; mix of visual art and text in, 163; self-critique of, 26 Yung-yidish group and Jewish expres sionism, 8, 75-89; Adler’s title page for Broderzon’s Shvarts-shabes, 79-81, 80; adoption of expressionism by Yungyidish, 81-82; aesthetic vision of Broder zon and, 24-25, 77, 83; apocalyptic and messianic themes, 8, 77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151; artistic culture of Lôdz and influences on, 77-81, 89; Ber lin expressionists and, 78, 79, 88, 89; Chagall as model for, 81-82; emergence and purpose of, 76,77-78; foreign stud ies of, доп; form, subject matter, and features of, 82-83, 9°n8; Jewish heritage and spirituality, embrace of, 77-79, 81,
INDEX ЗОЭ 85-88; Jewish Renaissance and, 78,82, 9on8; kleynkunst teater performed by, 163; Lodzermensz identity of, 75-76, 88-89; multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 163; Perln oyfn bruk (Pearls on the cobblestones), 83; Tkhiyes hameysim (Resurrection), 83. See also Broderzon, Moyshe; and other specific members Yuval (music organization), 136,142, 150120, 15130 Zabojecka, Maria (Malwina GarfeinowaGarska), 194, 207155 Zahorska, Stefania Lesser, 198 Zakopane architectural style, 68, 73149 Zamyatin, Evgeniy, 58 Zangwill, Israel, 195 za-um (trans-reason) poetry, 26 Zawiejski, Jan and Mieczyslaw, 173,181 Zdroj (magazine), 77 Zefira, Bracha, 8,113-123; age of, 118; appear ance, body, and images of, 113,114,116-118, 120,122,123; Ashkenazi influences on, 116; musical skills and performances of, 116, 120-121; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123; Poland, tour of, 8,113-121,114·, as true or authentic Jew, 118-119,123; U.S., tour of, 121-123,122; Yemenite background and early career in Mandatory Palestine, 8,115-116 Zefira, Yosef and Na’ama, 115 Zelefiski, Wladyslaw, 130,131 Zeromski, Stefan, 58 Zerubavel, Ya’akov (Vitkin), 215 Zielifiski, Jaroslaw, 61 Zielony Balonik (The little green balloon; cabaret, Krakôw), 19 Ziemianska Café, Warsaw, 67, 69,73П45 Zilberts, Zavel, 256,259 Zionism: Bund’s opposition to, 721128; Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw, impact on, 181; concert program ming in interwar Lwôw and, 128,136, 147; Gottlieb, commemoration of, 179; He'atid/Przyszlosc (Future; monthly), 197; Hochman’s bas-relief plaque
The Admis sion ofJews to Poland, criticism of, 183; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw and, 203; Jewish choral societies and, 257; language use and, 188,191,194; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces and, 212, 214-218,216,217, 220; origins of ideology of, 6; rabbinical support for, 231; regionalism versus, 3; synagogues, Zionist meetings held in, 222; Vogler’s poetry defying logic of, 37; Yemenite/Oriental Jewry and, 118-119. See also youth movements Zionist Congresses, 212,22415 Zionist Revisionist Party, 212, 215, 220, 22415,226135. See also Betar Zle miasto (Bad [or evil] city, Bartkiewicz), 153 Znajda, Abraham, 134 Zôrawski, Juliusz, 58 Zweig, Stefan, 234 Zwi^zek Zydowskich Towarzystw Muzycznych i Spiewaczych w Galicji (Associa tion of Jewish Music and Choral Societies in Galicia), 129 Zycie Swiadome (The conscious life; monthly), 67, 202 Zydowskie Towarzystwo ArtystycznoLiterackie. See Jewish Artistic and Literary Society Zydowskie Towarzystwo Muzyczne. See Jewish Music Society Bayeriacha Staatsbibilothek München |
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Contents Note on Place Names, Personal Names, and Transliterations ix Introduction i Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff PARTI Tradition and Rebellion 1 “The Holiday That Applies to Everyone”: Ararat Kleynkunst Theater and the Challenge of Populist Modernism 15 Zehavit Stern 2 Elkhonen Vogler, Forgotten Poet of Yung-Vilne, in Vilna and the Litvak Borderlands 37 Justin Cammy 3 Scandalous Glass House: On Modernist Transparency in Architecture and Life 56 Bozena Shallcross 4 Jewish Expressionism between Discourses of Revival and Degeneration: The Yung-Yidish Group 75 Malgorzata Stolarska-Fronia vii
VIII CONTENTS PART II Performers and Audiences 5 The Theatrics of Bais Yaakov Naomi Seidman 6 A Spectacle of Differences: Bracha Zefira’s Tour of Poland in 1929 Magdalena Kozlowska 97 113 7 Music of “the Foreign Nations” or “Native Culture”: Concert Programming in Interwar Lwôw as a Discourse about J ewish Musical Identities . 127 Sylwia Jakubczyk-Slçczka 8 From Lodzermensz to Szmonces and Back: On the Multidirectional Flow of Culture 152 Marcos Silber PART III Maps and Spaces 9 10 11 12 The Layered Meanings of an Unbuilt Monument: Krakow Jews Commemorate the Polish King Casimir the Great 171 Alicja Maslak-Maciejewska Mapping Modern Jewish Krakow: Women—Cultural Production—Space Eugenia Prokop-Janiec 188 Movie Theaters and the Development of Jewish Public Space in Interwar Poland Ela Bauer 212 The Politics of Jewish Youth Movement Culture in Interwar Poland's Eastern Borderlands Daniel Kupfert Heller Acknowledgments 249 Appendix: Soundscapes of Modernity Program Selected Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index 291 228 267 287 253
Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations and tables. Abramovich, Sholem Yankev (Mendele Moykher Sforim), 25,34124 Academy of Fine Arts, Krakow, 9, 196,198 acculturation. See assimilation/acculturation Achron, Joseph, 146,147 Acosta, Uriel, 145,146,148,149 Adler, Yankl, 29, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84-85, 88, 89, 90П4, 9124, 92150 Admission ofJews to Poland by Casimir the Great, The (Przyjçcie Zydôw do Pol ski przez Kazimierza Wielkiego; Henryk Hochman, bas-relief plaque), 181-183,182, 184,187154 Adria movie theaters: Krakow, 222; Lublin, 215 Africa and Africans, 115,117, 213 African Americans, 117,121, 166п2б Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (Samuel), 88 Agudath Israel (Agudah; Agude Yisroyel; Tseirey Agudas Yisroel), 101-102,108m, 109-110П9,110П13, 12, 112П32, 215 Ahimeir, Abba, 214-215,216 Albéniz, Isaac, 141,145 Aleksiun, Natalia, 6,254, 287 Alexander, Michael, 126П60 Alexander II (czar), assassination of, 6 Alkabetz, Salomon, 255 Altman, Wilhelm, 148 Amal (Toil; Shlonsky), 145,147 Ameisenowa, Zofia, 201 Ami Shir, 142 Andersen, Hans Christian, 146,148 Anhalt, Pawel, 255, 260 anniversary/jubilee culture in Poland, 136, 138,174-176,181,185121, 226141 An-sky (Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport), 29 antisemitism/anti-Judaism: concert pro gramming in interwar Lwôw confirming Jewish national identity in face of, 128, 144-149,145-146; education and, 234; of Endecja (National Democracy) party, 18, 68, 73148, 144,156-157; of Krasinski, 92142 Orientalism and, 114; Russia, restrictions on Jewish public buildings in, 222; szmonces genre, acquired negative connotations of, 168147; in Wilno and
elsewhere in interwar years, 18, 45, 541125 youth movements and Polish govern ment, 240-242 apocalyptic and messianic themes, 8,77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151 Apollo movie theater, Baranowicze (now Baranavichy, Belarus), 215,216 Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lôdi), 3, 7, 15-32; aesthetic vision of Broderzon and, 21-25,28; anthem of, 20,33П15; as “art cabaret,” 15,17, 27; as “artistic revue the ater” or “artistic revolutionary theater,” 15,17; cabaret craze of early 20th century and, 17,18-19,19 163-164; emblem of, 22, 24; ensemble actors of, 21,32,33П7; first program, 28,30-31; folksy (folkstimlekher) theatricality of, 28-29,32; funding and attendance issues, 21, 27; Garbage (Opfalf 28; kunst/shund binary and, 7,17,25-26,28; Literarishe bleter review of, 15-17,16; local Yiddish dialect, use of, 27; lost his tory of, 3; marginal positionality of, 15-17; name of, 15, 20; populist modernism of, 7, 18-20; “Shverd, Di” (The sword; Peretz), 291
292 Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz) (cont.) 32·, sources, scarcity of, 17-18; success of, 29-32; as synthetic theater, 27-28, 35142, 35149; Vakhtangov, influence of, 35147; Warsaw, move to, 32. See also Broderzon, Moyshe Architects and architecture. See Glass House; Goldberg, Maksymilian Architektura i Budownictwo (Architecture and construction; journal), 61, 63, 71П11 Aronson, Boris, 81 Artef theater, New York, 20 As (journal), 201, 2iinii2 Asch, Sholem, 218-220 Ashkenazi Jewry: romantic image of “Ori ental” Jews, 114,117-119; self-critiques and self-doubt of, 114,117-118; Yemenite Jews physically contrasted with, 116; Zefira working with, 116 assimilation/acculturation: Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakow and, 171,177,183; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 128,130,134,136,149; defined, 6; institutional spaces for wom en’s cultural production in Krakôw and, 194,195, 203; multilingualism and, 198; "Oriental,” framing of nonacculturated Jews as, 114; origins of ideology of, 6; performativity theory and, 108 Association of Architects of the Polish Republic (Stowarzyszenie Architektôw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), 61 Association of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachçty Sztuk Piçknych), 173 Association of Jewish Music and Choral Societies in Galicia (Zwiqzek Zydowskich Towarzystw Muzycznych i Spiewaczych w Galicji), 129 Association of Jewish Writers and Journal ists, 53П9 Astoria Café, Lôdz, 33П13 At Night at the Old Market (Peretz), 85 avant-garde, European, 19,21,70,71ml, 73146, 77 avant-garde, Jewish, 21,75-76,78-79.81-85, 88-89. See also Yung-yidish group and
Jewish expressionism Avodatenu (Our work; Betar journal), 238 Awin, A., 141,144 Azazel Kleynkunst Theater (Warsaw), ззпб, 163-164 Baal Shem (Bloch), 144-145.146,149 Baal Shem Tov (Israel ben Eliezer), 144-145 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 131 Bacon, Gershon, 215 Bagatela Theater, Krakôw, 200, 202 INDEX Bais Yaakov Journal, 109-110П9,110П13 Bais Yaakov movement, 97,106-107,188. See also Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances Baker, Josephine, 117-118 Bakic-Hayden, Milica, 115 Balaban, Jakub, 178 Balaban, Majer, 139, 187156 Ballets Russes, 117 Balzac, Honoré de, 234 Banda (The band; cabaret, Warsaw), 19 Baraneum (A. Baraniecki Higher Courses for Women), Krakôw, 192,193,196,198 Baranowicze (now Baranavichy, Belarus), Apollo movie theater, 215,216 Barbasch, Ozajasz, 141,144 Barczyhski, Henryk (Henokh), 89,163 Bar Kochba revolt, 233 Bartelik, Marek, 15 Bartkiewicz, Zygmunt, 153 Bartok, Béla, 121 Bauer, Ela, 10,108,153, 212, 287 Baumgartenowa, Berta, 209180 Baumritter, Gustaw (Andrzej Wlast), 159, 160,161, 256, 261 Becci’s Requiem, 137 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 131,133,143,145 Begin, Menachem, 245126 Belis, Shloyme, 48 Belkin, Ahuva, nonio Belmont, Leo (Leopold Blumental), 160 Belza, Wladyslaw, 106 Benari, Nahum, 145,147 Ben-Gurion, David, 212,22412,226135 Benjamin, Walter, 57-58, 69,78 Bensman, Mateusz, 127,130 Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 119 Berg, Alban, 261 Berlewi, Henryk (Henokh), 81,82, 83, 84, 89, доп 9oni8, 91—92135 Berlin: Josephine Baker in, 116-117; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Simàià Ptitsa; cabaret) in, 19,19, 29,33П12,164; coffeehouses of, 213; Habima Theater, 35147,
116,149; Die Pathetiker in, 83,92П40; Yung-yidish group and expres sionist milieu of, 78,79, 88, 89 Bester, Salomea, 194 Betar, 10, 229; Avodatenu (Our work; jour nal), 238; Menachem Begin and, 245126; as cultural portal, 234-235; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238-239, 240; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces and, 215,220; Polish govern ment and, 241-242; recruitment efforts of 1930s, 230; religious dynamics, awareness of, 231-232, 233; women members and male-female interaction, 236,237, 238,239
INDEX beysmedresh, 229,231-232, 233 Biala Podlaska, movie theater in, 218 Bi-Ba-Bo (cabaret; St. Petersburg), 33ml Bi-Ba-Bo (literary cabaret; Lodz), 19,33ml, 159-160,163,164,167131 Bienestock, Maks, 84, 9015 Binding of Isaac, The (Bais Yaakov play), 98-101,104 Birnbaum, Abraham Ber, 255, 258-259 Blanköwna, Regina, 208180 blaue Vogel, Der (The blue bird, Rus. Siniàià Ptitsa; cabaret, Berlin), 19,19, 29, 33012,164 bletl in vint, A (A page in the wind; Vogler), 42-46,43 Bloch, Ernst, 77, 78,144,145,146 Blok group, 73146 Blonie, Bais Yaakov in, 98-101,104; “A Hasidic Revolt in Blonie,” 10918,112П33 Blüher, Hans, 234 Blum, Henryk, 71ml Blumental, Felicja, 260 Blumental, Leopold (Leo Belmont), 160 Blumenthal, N., 135 Bnos (youth movement for Bais Yaakov girls), 102 Boëllmann, L., 135 Bourdieu, Pierre, 189, 202 Boy-Zeleiiski, Tadeusz, 66-67,73137, 162, 202 Boze col Judç (God Save Judah) anthem, 179 Brahms, J., 131,132,133,143,146 Brandes, Georg, 207155 Brauner, Ida, 163 Brauner (Broyner), Yitskhok (Wincenty), 29,83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90П4,9124 163 Brecht, Bertolt, 18,351147 Brill, Meir, 236 Brit Habirionim (Union of Zionist Rebels), 215 Broderzon, Moyshe: aesthetic vision of, 21-25, 28, 77, 83; apocalypticism and messianism in work of, 84; appearance/ images of, 21,22, 79, 80; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Siniaia Ptitsa) and, 19; as cultural activist in Lôdz, 20-21, 22, 75-76; Dovid un Bas-Sheve (opera), 20,34П17; Hasidim, followers known as, 21; kleynkunst teater performances of, 163-164 (see also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater [Lôdz]); on kunst/ shund binary, 25-26; as Lodzermensz, 75-76,
88-89; Mioda Polska and, 84; Moscow period (WWI and Russian Revolution), 21, 27,34122, 90ПП4-5; mul tidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 163-164; religious Jewish vocabulary, use of, 35145; Shvarts-shabes 293 (Black Sabbath), 79-81, 80, 84; Sikhes khulin, 85; on Vogler, 54127; “The way of our theater” (“Der veg fun unzer teater”), 22, 27, 28-29; WWII and postwar life of, 17-18; Yiddish translation of Walpurgis nakht, 256 Broderzon, Sheyne-Miryam, 18,163 Brossowa, Anna, 199,200, 201, 210198, 210—2iinio6 Broyner (Brauner), Wincenty (Yitskhok), 29, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90П4, 9124 163 Bruch, Μ., 131,135 Brückner, A., 143 Brzechwa, Jan, 5 Brzesc (also Brzesc Litewski; Yid. Brisk; now Brest, Belarus), 8,113,119; youth movement culture in, 230 Buber, Martin, 78, 9018 Buchsbaum, Marek, 144 Budko, Josef, 89 Bujwidowa, Kazimiera, 194,197 Bund (Yid. Der algemayner yidisher arbeter bund in lite poyln un rusland), 66, 721128, 213, 215-218, 220, 222,225131 BUNT group, Poznah, 77, 79 Bury Melonik (cabaret), Krakôw, 202, 211П114 Butler, Judith, 108 Bychawa, Bais Yaakov in, 111П19 cabarets; Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz) as “art cabaret,” 15,17, 27; Der blaue Vogel (Rus. Siniâià Ptitsa, Berlin), 19,19,29, 33П12,164; early 20th century craze for, 17,18-19; kleynkunst teater as reflection of literary cabarets, 163-164; in Krakow, 19, 202, 211П114; literary cabarets, 19,159-164; in Lôdi, 19,159-160,163,164; in St. Peters burg, 19, ззпи; in Warsaw, 19,159-164. See also specific cabarets by name Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich), 19 Calwary, Moshe and Hadassah, 115 Cammy, Justin,
7,37, 287 Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw, 9,171-184; anniversary/jubilee culture in Poland and, 174-175,181, 185121; artists, consultations with, 173; assimilation/acculturation and, 171,177, 183; bas-reliefs intended for pedestal of, 182; commemoration culture in Poland and, 175-177; contemporary initiatives for, 183-184; Esther legend, 174, 185717 as exclusively Jewish endeavor, 171,173,176; funding issues, 173,181, 187159; Gottlieb tombstone monument campaign com pared, 177-179,181; government permit for, 173; Hochman’s bas-relief plaque
294 Casimir the Great monument (cont.) The Admission ofJews to Poland erected instead of, 181-183,182,184,187154; inter confessional philanthropic initiatives and, 179-180; Kazimierz district, intended for, 171,174,184; Mickiewicz memorial statue and, 176-177,178,181; Monument Erecting Committee, 171,172-173,178,181; origins of idea for, 172-173; progressive Jews and Jewish organizations involved in, 172,175,177,178; reasons for failure to build, 180-183; reasons for Jewish desire to commemorate, 174-175; restoration of Casimir’s sarcophagus, Wawel Cathedral, 174-175; significance of, 171-172,183-184; women’s involvement in, 173 Casimir the Great School (Szkola Kazimierzowska), Kazimierz, Krakôw, 192,193 Cavalleria rusticana (Mascagni), 145,147 “Centering the Periphery” conference, Rut gers University (2018), 6 Central Yiddish School Organization (CYSHO; Yid. Di tsentrale yidishe shulorganizatsye), 10 Chagall, Marc (Marek Szagal), 81-82, 89 Chaikov, Iosif, 21, 80-81, 91 Chaminade, Cécile, 141 Chaplin, Charlie, 212 charitable initiatives, interconfessional, Krakôw, 179-180 Chmielnicki massacres, 112132 Chmielnik, Bais Yaakov in, 97, 98,104 Chofetz Chaim (Yisrael Meir Ha-Kohen Kagan), 110-ШП16 choral tradition, Jewish, and choral music, 6, 129,133,134,135,137,143,144,147. 254-261 Chôr Dana, 142 Chôr Eryana, 142 Chwila (Moment; daily), 127,128,129,130, 136,142, 201 Chybifiski, Adolf, 121, 126154,129 CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture), 60,61,719 Cincinnati Enquirer, 121 cinema. See movies; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces Circle for Jewish National
Aesthetic, 21 coffeehouses, 213 Cohen, Shabtai (ShaCh), daughter of, 1232 Cohn, Dvora Epelgrad, 109П3 Commedia dell'arte, 27,34124 35148 commemoration culture, 175-177. See also Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw communism, 103, 230, 240-242 concert programming in interwar Lwôw, 8-9,127-149; acculturation and, 128,130, INDEX 135,136,149; Austro-German canonical art music, focus on (1919-1925), 128,129-136, 131-133,135; barbershop quartet, 132; com munity events and activities, 134-136,139; growing antisemitism and confirmation of Jewish national identity (1936-1939), 128,144-149,145-146; heterogeneous programming, move to (1926-1935), 128, 136-143,137-139,140-141; JALS chamber orchestra, 139,140-141; JALS choir, 137, 137-139 140,142; JALS drama section, 146, 147-148; JALS symphony orchestra, 137, 137-139, 143 146,147,148; Jewish Artistic and Literary Society (JALS), 127-128, 136-149,137-139,140-141,143,145-146; Jewish Music Society (JMS), 127-137, 131-133,135,139,149; JMS choir, 133-134. 135.136; JMS symphonic orchestra, 130, 131-133,134,136; lecture series, 139,146; mandolin orchestra, 136,139; musical culture and institutions of Lwôw, 129; musicians, 15018; People’s Concert series, 144,145,146; Polish musical identity and Polish composers, 129-130; Yuval (music society), 136,142, 15130 “Confiteor” (Przybyszewski), 78 Congress Poland, 1,194, 222 Conquerors of Swamp (Benari), 145,147 Conrad, Paul, 254,255, 256, 262, 263 Càrki marnotrawne (Prodigal daughters; Kallas), 195,197 Corso moine theater, Radom, 215,217 Council for Motherhood Awareness, 67 Creizenach,
Wilhelm, 195 cubism, 76, 90П8 cubo-futurists, 24, 26,76 culture, Polish Jewish. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Cylkow, Henryk, 255, 260 CYSHO (Central Yiddish School Orga nization; Yid. Di tsentrale yidishe shulorganizatsye), 10 Czarna perla (Black pearl; film), 118 Czytelnia. See reading rooms, Krakow Dqbrowica in Polesie, youth movements in, 240 Dabrowski, Patrice, 181 Dada movement, 19, 9018 Dancing Devil, The (Yitskhok Brauner), 84, 85, 86, 92145 Dankowicz, Szymon, 175 Dauber, D„ 141 David Coppetfield (Dickens), 234-235 Dawidowicz, Lucy S. (Lucy Schildkret), 10 Debussy, Claude, 143 Deleuze, Gilles, 73150
INDEX de Stijl movement, 61 Deutscher’s printing house, Krakow, 198 Diabet (Devil; periodical), 195 Dibek, Der (The Dybbuk·, film), 125138 Dietrich, Marlene, 112132 Diki, Alexander (Rus. Aleksei Dikii), 116 Dlugosz, Jan, 185117 doctorates, Jewish women earning, 197-198, 199 doikayt (hereness or at-homeness), 3,11, 37.50 Dom Prasy (The Press House), Warsaw, 61 Don Quixote (Cervantes), 234-235; “Jewish Don Quixote,” 34П24 Dovid un Bas-Sheve (opera, Broderzon), 20, 34117 Dubnow, Simon, 137 Dunajewski, A., 135,138 Duncan, Isadora, 115 Düsseldorf, Die Junge Rheinland in, 79 Dvorak, Antonin, 132 Dybbuk, The (An-sky; play), 29, 35П47. See also Dibek, Der (The Dybbuk·, film) Dziady, Part III (Mickiewicz), 176 Dzienniczek dla dzieci i mlodziezy (Daily for children and youth), 201, 2101104 Dzigan, Shimen, 18,21, 27, 32,33П7, 33П15 Earle, William D., 68-69 East versus West: expressionism and, 76, 77, 78, 81; multidirectional flow between, 5, 8; nesting Orientalisms, 115; Orientalism, concept of, 114-115; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-115,118, 119,120,122-123; Ostjuden (Eastern Euro pean Jewry), image of, 88, 89; Zefira’s music as mediator between, 120 education: doctorates, Jewish women earn ing, 197-198,199; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakow and, 192,193-194,196,197-198,199,200, 203, 2091184—85, 210П103; Jewish educa tion for girls, 8,105,106-107,188,193,197, 199 (see also Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances); Journals, schools publishing, 109-110П9; Moravia, German-Jewish schools in, 213; Polish school Nativity
plays and Bais Yaakov theater performances, nonn; Polonization of, in Galicia, 6,155-156,188-189; regional towns and cities, students moving to, 230; student population of Krakôw, 209084; teachers and university professors, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197, 199-201,210П103,2iinii6; youth move ments and, 234-236; Yung-yidish group, foreign studies of, 9014 295 ego-futurists, 24 Ehrlich, Henryk, 218 Ein Harod, 147 Elisha ben Abuya, 103 Emil and the Detectives (Kästner), 148 Endecja (National Democracy) party, 18, 68, 73148, 144,156-157 Engel, Joel, 15130 Enzinger, Jordan, 254, 256,263 Epelgrad (later Cohn), Dvora, 109П3 Erenberg, Lewis, 120 Esther (biblical queen), 104,1125,117 Esther (wife/mistress of Casimir the Great), 174, 185117 Estrada (Journal), 161 Ethics of the Fathers, 105 Even-Zohar, Itamar, 154 Ewa (Journal), 120, 201 exoticism: Orientalism, 114-115; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113120,122-123; primitivism and the primi tive, 35142, 82,116-118,121. See also Zefira, Bracha expressionism: impressionism versus, 81; of Vogler, 51. See also Yung-yidish group and Jewish expressionism Eyal, Gil, 119 Eynhorn, Dovid, 40, 42 Ezrah Organization, 141 Fajwiszys, Izrael, 133,134,135,143,144, 256, 259 Fama movie theater, Warsaw, 215 Feldman, Wilhelm, 179,186П30,194 Feldmanowa, Maria Kleinman, 194-195 feminists and feminism, 8, 64, 67,106, 157-158,194-195.197.198, 207155 film. See movies; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces Finkin, Jordan, 5313 Fischer, Jôzef, 186127 Fischlerôwna, Regina, 202 Flam, Gila, 116 Flesch, Moses, 10917 Flora movie
theater, Lodi, 225131 Florida, Richard, 158, 166125 Folkstsaytung (Yiddish daily), 218 folk style: Ararat theater, folksy (folkstimlekher) theatricality of, 28-29; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 128, 133.134.135. ИЛ 141, M3.144.145.146,147. 149; Gôrale folk music, 120, 126154; prim itivism and the primitive, 116; of Sutzkever’s cover art, 42,43,47,48; in Vogler’s work, 42,43, 44,48,49, 51; Yung-yidish and Jewish expressionism, 82,88; Zefira, songs performed by, 117,119,120,121
29б Formism; Formists, 68, 73146 Free School of Drawing and Painting, Krakôw, 198 Freud, Sigmund, 234 Friedman, Filip, 2-3, 6, 1—127, 10-11 Friedman, Ignacy, 260 Friling afn trakt (Springtime on the country highway; Vogler), 52,55141 Fromowicz-Stillerowa, Henryka, 197,201, 208175 Fuchs, Henokh, 81 functionalism, in architecture, 7, 60, 61, 62 futurists and futurism, 22, 23, 24, 26,35142, 76, 77, 9018, 91124 G^dzikiewicz, Stanislaw, 717 Galicia: education, Polonization of, 6,155156,188-189; emancipation of Jews in, 6; Habsburg grant of cultural hegemony to (1867), 1; Krakôw becoming part of, 2; musical culture in, 129. See also specific towns Gall, J., 134 Garbo, Greta, 11232, 212 garden city movement, 59, 67, 70 Gardner, Patrick, 254, 262, 263-264 Garewicz, Jan, 67 Garfeinowa-Garska, Malwina (Maria Zabojecka), 194, 207155 Gauguin, Paul, 117 Gazeta Polska, 174 Gegenwartsarbeit (work for the present), 129 Gelbard, Jerzy, 71ml gender and women’s history, 5; Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw and, 173; feminists and feminism, 8, 64, 67,106,157-158,194-195,197,198, 207155; Glass House and owner Irena Krzywicka, 7-8, 64-70; Lodzermensz/szmonces, women as, 157,162; Polonization of Jew ish women, 188-189; small communities, gender roles in, 236; youth movements, women members and male-female inter action in, 10, 232, 233, 236-238,237,239; Yung-Vilne and, 54118. See also institu tional spaces for women’s cultural pro duction in Krakôw; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances Gerer (Gur) Hasidim, 2, 97,10812 German, ethnic, in Poland, 2 German-Polish Non-
Aggression Pact (1934) renunciation of, 148 Gerson, Wojciech, 182 Gersztajn, Jakub, 259 Gesang zwischen den Stühlen (Kästner), 147-148 INDEX Glassheit, Franciszka, 194 Glass House, Podkowa Lesna, 7-8,56-70; excentricity of, 56, 68, 69-70; features and appearance of, 62-64, 63, 64,72П25; flat roof of, 68,73146; functional architectural style of, 7, 60, 61; garden city movement and founding of Podkowa Leina, 59, 70; geometric modernism of, 62; Goldberg and Rutkowski, firm of, 7-8, 56, 60-64; impact on neighborhood, 68-69, 70; Irena Krzywicka (owner), lifestyle of, 7-8, 64-70; local library in, 73144 Malewicz’s paintings, influence of, 62, 72124 minor architecture, theorization of, 73144; in modern architectural history, 59-60; modern architecture, employment of glass in, 57-58; New Canaan (CT) glass house, 57; postwar survival of, 721125, 73—74151; privacy in, 63-64,72127; pudelka (boxes) of 1960s and, 71—72120; transparency, as modernist concept, 56-57, 64. See also Krzywicka, Irena Glos Kobiety Zydowskiej (The voice of the Jewish woman), 201 Glospustyni (Sound of the desert; film), 118 Gluck, C. W., 133,143 Gnessin, Menahem, 115 Gody zycia (The Nuptials of life; Przybyszewski, play), 106 Goebbels, Joseph, 148 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 34129, 75, 256 Gold, Artur, 256, 261 Goldberg, Halina, 1,3-4,6,254,261, 287-288 Goldberg, Maksymilian: background and education, 60-61; construction of Glass House by, 7-8, 56, 60-64, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70; Krzywicka, relationship with, 61-62, 71117, 71П19; National Museum, Warsaw, design competition for, 71112; in Warsaw Ghetto, 72121. See also
Glass House Goldberg, Stanislaw, 66 Goldfaden, Abraham, 3, 25, 26, 28-29, 36П36,141,146 Goldmark, K„ 130,131,133,134 Goldszmit, Henryk (Janusz Korczak), 4, 5 Goldwasserowa, Rachel, 199 Goll, Yvan, 90П18 Golowka, Karasa movie theater in, 218 Goltermann, G., 135 Gonzalez, Joshua, 255 Goodman, Benny, 121 Gora, Yaffa, 111П19,124 Gôra Kalwaria (Yid. Ger) and Hasidim, 2, 108П2 Gôrale folk music, 120,126154 Gordin, Jacob, 34124
INDEX got fun nekome, Der {God of Vengeance·, Asch), 220 Gottlieb, Maurycy, tombstone monument for, 177-179,181, 186134 Gounod, Charles, 135 Grade, Chaim, 1126 Grimstad, Knut Andreas, ззтю, 162 Grinberg, Uri Tsvi, 24,84 Grodner moment (ekspres) (daily), 119 Grodno, Zefira’s performance in, 8,113, H9 123 Gropius, Walter, 60 Gross, Adolf, 197 Grossbard-Perlmutterowa, Sara, 199 Grünbaum, Franz (Kriebaum), 159 Grünbaum, Yitshak (Izaak), 136,215,217, 218,225126 Grünfeld, Judith Rosenbaum, 106 Grunhutowa, Helena, 208180 Grunwald, five hundredth anniversary of Battle of (1910), 174 Guattari, Félix, 73150 Guilmant, A., 135 Günsberg (Guensberg), Henryk, 145,146,147 Gutzkow, Karl, 149 Habima Theater, Berlin, 35П47, 116,149 Haggadah (Artur Szyk), 156 Haggadot, 93152 Hakhsharot (Heb., youth movements’ training programs), 236,237 Halévy, Jacques-François-Fromental, 135 Hamsun, Knut, 195, 207155 Handel, George Frideric, 134,135,139,145, 146,149 Hanukkah, 97,101,102,109ПП7-8,111П19, D5 139.140,141, 233 Hasenclever, Walter, 66,721132 Hashomer hatsa’ir, 10, 229; as cultural portal, 234-235; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238, 239, 240; Hazan and, 245126; Polish gov ernment and, 241; recruitment efforts of 1930s, 230; religious dynamics, awareness of, 231, 232,233; women members and male-female interaction, 236, 237, 238 Hasidim: amateur theatricals and, 97-98, .103,111П24; Bloch’s Baal Shem, 144-145; Broderzon’s followers known as, 21; Buber on, 78; Gerer (Gur) Hasidim, 2, 97,108П2; hitlahavut (Heb. ecstatic prayer) of, 76; nefilat hatsadik (the descent of the
zaddik), 93155 pseudo-Hasidic dance, Ara rat’s performance of, 29; Rathaus’s Uriel Acosta invoking tunes of, 149; regional centers for, 2; youth movements and, 231, 232, 233; Zionism and, 231 297 Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), 28, 55П40,80,148, 234,257 haskama (Heb. public letters of approval), 232 Hauptman, Gerhardt, 2071155 Haviv, Zerubavel, 214 Haydn, Joseph, 138 Haynt (daily), 97, 98,101,102,117,220 Hayntige nayes (daily), 98,101, 12132 Hazan, Ya'akov, 245126 He’atid/Przyszlosc (Future; Zionist monthly), 197 Hebrew language and literature: in Krakôw, 188,189,191,194; youth movements and, 238 Hebrew Secondary School (also Hebrew Gymnasium), Krakôw, 196,198,199,200 Hecht, Jôzef, 83 Hecker, Helena, 197 hefkerdik, 25 Heilman, Izaak, 137,139,140,142-143,144 Heller, Daniel Kupfert, 10, 228, 288 Heller, Roza (Helena Hellerôwna), 202, 2111112 Help Through Work (organization), 38 Hemar, Marian (Jan Marian Hescheles), 5, 150П10 Hermelin, Natan, 130,131,134,136 , Herzl, Theodor, 222, 233 Hescheles, Henryk Ignacy (Henryk Trejwart), 130 Hescheles, Jan Marian (Marian Hemar), 5, 150П10 Hetman, Ya’akov, 242 Heumannowa, Eugenia, 208П80 Hibat Tsiyon, 140 Hirschprung, Marta, 201 Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 60 hitlahavut (Heb. ecstatic prayer), 76 Hitler, Adolf, 144,148 Hochberg, Maria, 201 Hoffman, Bruno, 202,2111114 Hollander, Sara, 197 Holocaust, reclaiming histories lost to, 3-4, 10-11, 223 Homola, Irena, 191 horizontal art history, Piotr Piotrowski’s concept of, 76 Hornôwna, Etla, 199 Horowitz, Marceli, 143 Horowitzöwna, Ludwika, го8п8о Horszowski, Mieczyslaw, 260 Hotel Europejski,
Krakôw, 202 Howard, Ebenezer, 59 Ibsen, Henrik, 195 Idelsohn, Abraham Zvi, 119
298 I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room (Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca; formerly Peo ple’s Reading Room “Unity” [Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”]), Krakôw, 200, 202, 211109 Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny (journal), 201 impressionism versus expressionism, 81 Infeld, Bronislawa, 199, 202 Infeld, Leopold, 188 institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw, 9,188-204; in 1899,191-195,192; in 1919,195-199,196; in 1939,199-202,200; cultural and selfeducational associations, 194,195,196,198, 200, 202; doctorates, Jewish women earn ing, 197-198,199; educational institutions, 192,193-194,196,197-198,199,200, 203, 209ПП84-85, 210П103; familial support for, 188,197,203; fine art education and painting, 198; first secondary schools for girls, 189; Kazimierz neighborhood and, 192,193,195,198, 203-204; literary salons, 200, 202; literature and journalism, 194-199, 201-202, 203; maps as analytical tools for, 189-190,203; multilingual polysystem of Jewish culture, 188-189; Polonization of Jewish women and attendance at Polish schools, 188-189,191; radio broadcasting, 200, 202,210—211106; status and signif icance of Krakôw and its Jews, 190-191; teachers and university professors, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197, 199-201, 210П103, 2iinu6; theater, 195, 196,200, 202, 203. See also reading rooms, Krakow; specific institutions by name interethnic and interreligious hybridity: “Boze cos Judç” (“God Save Judah”) anthem, 179; Casimir the Great monu ment (unbuilt), Krakow and, 175,177; of Kahan, 42; in Lodz, 77,154; of Mickiewicz, 83-84; philanthropic initiatives,
intercon fessional, 179-180; in Polish film industry, 227150; of Vogler, 47; of Yung-yidish and Jewish expressionism, 88 International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM), 60, 61, 71П9 international style, in architecture, 60 Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail, 140 Israel. See Mandatory Palestine Israel ben Eliezer (Baal Shem Tov), 144-145 Isserles, Moses, noni6 Iwaszkiewicz, Anna Lilpop, 717 Iwaszkiewicz, Jaroslaw, 717 Jabotinsky, Vladimir (Ze’ev), 212, 220,221, 224ПП5-6, 229, 242 Jachimecki, Zdzislaw, 120-121 INDEX Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 9,120,191, 192,193,195,196,197-198,199-201,200, 201, 202, 210П103 Jakubczyk-Slçczka, Sylwia, 8-9,127, 288 JALS. See Jewish Artistic and Literary Society January Uprising (1863-1864), 173,222 jaselka (Polish Nativity plays) and Bais Yaakov theater, 101, nonn Jasifiska-Filipowska, Zofia Gottlieb, 202 jazz music, 6,18,120-121, 126155, 126П60, 128,139,141,142,144, 214 Jednosc (Unity; journal), 195 Jewish Agency Board, 214 Jewish Artistic and Literary Society (JALS; Zydowskie Towarzystwo ArtystycznoLiterackie), Lwôw, 127-128,133,136-149, 137-139,140-141,143,145-146. See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Jewish choral tradition, 254-261 Jewish Democratic Party, 197 Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah), 28, 55П40, 69, 80,148, 234, 257 Jewish Historical Institute, 72121 Jewish Labor Bund. See Bund Jewish Literary Union, 47,103,108 Jewish Music Society (Zydowskie Towarzystwo Muzyczne; JMS), Lwôw, 127137, I3i-i33 135· 139 149· See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Jewish National Fund (Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael; KKK), 138,214
Jewish National School in Music, 133 Jewish Philanthropy Society, 226П41 Jewish Polish culture. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Jewish Renaissance, Martin Buber’s idea of, 78, 82, 9018 Jewish Society for .Knowing the Land (Yid. Yidisher gezelshaft far landkentenish; Pol. Zydowskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze), journal of, 2,11П7 Jewish space, concept of, 213,224114 JMS. See Jewish Music Society Johnson, Philip, 57, 60 Joseph and His Brothers (The Selling ofJoseph·, Bais Yaakov play), 99,102,104,108-109П3 jubilee/anniversary culture in Poland, 136, 138,174-176,181,185121, 226П41 Judah Maccabee (Handel), 145,146,149 Judith (Schenirer; Bais Yaakov play), 97, 98, 104, 10917 Juliusz Siowacki Municipal Theater, Krakow, 173,195,196,200, 202 Juliusz Siowacki Reading Room for Women (Czytelnia dla Kobiet im. Juliusza Slowackiego), Krakow, 192,194
INDEX Junge Rheinland, Die, Düsseldorf, 79 Jutrzenka (weekly), 174,185119 Kagan, Yisrael Meir Ha-Kohen (Chofetz Chaim), по—тб Kahan, E„ 146 Kahan, Shimshn, 41-42,54117 Kalinôwna (Klingbeil), Dora, 162, 251 Kallas, Aniela (Aniela Korngutöwna or Korngut), 174,194,195,197, 208П66 Kalmar, Ivan, 114 Kamernii theater (Moscow), 27 Kantonisten (Cantonists; Bais Yaakov play), 98,99,109П3 Kaplan (née Eisen), Vichna, 112127 Karasa movie theaters: Golowka, 218; Lublin, 218,225126; Radom, 215 Karlowicz, Mieczyslaw, 130,131,132,133,145 Karpinski, Franciszek, 255 Kassow, Samuel, 231 Kästner, Erich, 146,147-148 Katechizm polskiego dziecka (Catechism of a Polish child; Belza), 106 Kaufler, Stefania, 211109 Kazimierz (Yid. Kuzmir): as distinctive Jewish district/neighborhood of Krakow, later incorporated into, 2,171,174,175, 190-191; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production and, 192,193,195,198, 203-204; plan to erect monument to Casi mir the Great in former market square of, 171,174,184 kehilot (Heb. Jewish community councils), 236 Kéler, В., 140 Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael (KKK; Jewish National Fund), 138, 214 Ketèlbey, A., 140 Khad-gadye puppet theater (Lôdi), 20 Khalyastre (The gang; expressionist period ical), 24,35ПЗЗ Khalyastre, Di (The gang; art group), 24, 8i, 84, 91124 kheyder, 77, 229 Khinukh (Education; club) theatricals, 102-103 Kiev: Jewish avant-garde milieu in, 78; Kultur-Lige in, 77, 81, 82,93157 Kipling, Rudyard, 195 Kipnis, Menakhem, 117,119 KKL (Keren Kayemeth L’Yisrael; Jewish National Fund), 138, 214 Klein, Herman and Regina, villa of, 62 Klein, Leslie
Ginsparg, 111П24 Kleinberger, Pola, 211П109 Klementyna Tadska-Hoffmanowa Public Elementary School for Girls, Krakôw, 194, 199,200 299 Klepfish, Heshl, 102 kleynkunst teater, 3,7,15-32,163-164. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodi) klezmer music, 29,136 Klingbeil (Kalinôwna), Dora, 162 klyatshe, Di (The Nag·, Moykher-Sforim), 146,148 Knopping, Chaim, 139 Kodâly, Zoltan, 121 Koffler, Jôzef, 256, 260-261 Koiakowski, Leszek, 69 Kon, Henekh, 20,29,33ml Konigsberg, Ira, 125138 Korczak, Janusz (Henryk Goldszmit), 4, 5 Korngold, E. W., 130,133,134 Korngold, Lucjan, 71ml Korngutôwna, Aniela (Aniela Korngut; Aniela Kallas), 174,194,195,197,208П66 Korzenie (Roots; Zahorska), 198 Kosciuszko monument, Lwôw, 181 Kostopol, youth movements in, 237 Kowel, youth movement culture in, 230 Kozlowska, Magdalena, 8,113,127, 288 Kragen, Wanda, 201 Krakôw (Yid. Kroke): Bais Yaakov in, 105, 106; cabarets in, 19, 202,211114 changing political status of, 1, 2,174-175,190-191, 205120; Jews of, 190-191; Mickiewicz memorial statue, market square, 176-177, 178; Adam Mickiewicz’s ashes transferred to, 174,176; movie theaters in, 215,222; music societies in, 129; student population of, 209184 theater culture of, 105-106, 195. See also Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw; Kazimierz; reading rooms, Krakôw; spe cific buildings and locations Krasmski, Zygmunt, 92142 Kraszewski, Jôzef Ignacy, 174,176 Kriebaum’s (Franz Grünbaum’s) cabaret, Vienna, 159 Krivoe zerkalo (Broken/false mirror; cabaret, St. Petersburg), 19 Krol Macias'
Pierwszy (King Matt the First·, Korczak), 4 Kronland, Jacek, 139 Krukowski, Kazimierz (Lopek), 161,162 Krytyka (journal), 192,194-195 Krzywicka, Irena, 7-8,56,64-70; back ground and education, 64-66; Goldberg, relationship with, 61-62,71117, 7119; image of, 65; marriage and lovers, 66-67, 721133; modest means and expectations of, 61,71118; political views, cultural involve ment, and women’s rights, 66-70; trans parency, living out modernist concept of,
Зоо Krzywicka, Irena (cont.) 56-57, 64, 67, 69-70; Wyznania gorszycielki (Confessions of a scandalist), 69. See also Glass House Krzywicki, Andrzej, 67 Krzywicki, Jerzy, 66-67, 73137 Krzywicki, Ludwik, 66 Krzywicki, Piotr, 66 Kubiak, Anna (Chana), 72121 Kulbak, Moyshe, 25,40-41,42,44,45,46, 53П13 Kulczykowski, Mariusz, 197, 201, 210П103 Kultur-Lige (Yid. Culture League), 77, 81, 82,93157, 218,219, 220,226145 kunst (art) / shund (Yid. trashy culture) binary, 7,17, 25-26,28 Kuryer Literacko-Naukowy (weekly), 201 Kusewicki, Jakub, 139 Lächert, Bohdan, 62,72121 Lachsowa, Zofia, 208П80 Lag Ba’Omer, 233’ lamedvovnikim, 51 Landau, L„ 145 Landau-Eiger, Hanka, 202 Landauowa, Natalia, 2o8n8o landkentenish (knowing the land), Vogler’s poetics of, 37, 44-45 Landkentenish: Tsaytshriftfarfragn fun landkentenish un turistik, geshikhte fun yidishe yishuvim, folklor un etnografiye (Knowing the land: Journal for questions of knowing the land and tourism, the history of Jewish settlements, folklore, and ethnography; journal), 2,11П7 Landowska, Wanda, 260 Landy, Stella, 201 Langroderowa, Michalina, 2o8n8o Lawifiski (Latajner), Ludwik, 159 Le Corbusier, 60 Lee, Yenhsuan, 254, 256, 264 Left Poale Tsiyon Party (Po’ale Tsiyon Semol), 215, 222 Leib, Manni, 38 Lem, Stanislaw, 5 Lesmian, Boleslaw, 5 Lesser, Stefania, later Zahorska, 198 Levin, Moyshe, 54122, 54125 Levinson, Avraham, 15 Lew, Maks, 139 Lewandowski, Louis, 133,135,138 Lewandowski, Stanislaw, 173,182,185ml leybn. Dos—an ayznban (Life—a train; Kästner), 146,147-148 Leyvik, H., 23 Lichtensztajn, Yitskhok (Isaac Lichtenstein), 75 INDEX
Lieblingowa, Berta, 2o8n8o Liessin, A., 46-47 Lifshits, Moshe, 149 Lilpop, Stanislaw, 59,70,717 Lincer, Cecylia, 21109 Lindsey, Benjamin Barr, 66, 721134 Linetski, Yitskhok Yoyel, 25 Lissitzky, El, 21, 85, 89 Liszt, F., 143 “Lite” (Eynhorn), 40 Literarishe bleter (Literary pages; art jour nal), 15-17,16,26, 75,117,118,119 literary cabarets, 19, ззтю, 159-164 literary salons in Krakôw, 200,202 Lithuania, Republic of, rule over Wilno (194°). 51-52 Litvak Jewish identity and Vogler’s poetry, 7, 37, 4°. 44-46,49,53m, 53П9 “Litvishe tsigayner” (Lithuanian Gypsies; Kahan), 42 Lloyd, Harold, 212 Locker, Berl, 214 Lodz (Yid. Lodzh): artistic culture and “creative class” of, 15-17, 77-81, 89, 158-160; Astoria Café, 33П13; Bartkiewicz’s Zle miasto about, 153; Bi-Ba-Bo (literary cabaret), 19,33ml, 159-160,163,164; Broderzon as cultural activist in, 20-21, 22, 75-76; cultural exchange, as focus of, 165; Friedman’s monograph on, 6; Hotel Savoy, 158,159,161; as industrial/commercial hub, 19,40,77,153; Jewish population of, 90П13,154; Khad-gadye puppet the ater, 20; kleynkunst teater in, 163-164; as Kominogrod (chimney city), 153; literary cabarets in, 19, 33П10,159-160,163,164; lost Jewish history of, 3-4; movie theaters in, 153, 212,218, 220,225131; multiethnicity of, 77,154; overall population of, 153,154; Piotrkowska Street, 19,33П13; Reyrriont’s The Promised Land about, 153; as tabula rasa, 83. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz); multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz; Yungyidish group and Jewish expressionism Lodz Artist Society (Artistn-farayn), 27
Lodzermensz (Yid. Lodzhermensh; Ger. Lodzermensch): Broderzon as, 75-76, 88-89; concept of, 152,153,154-158,155, 164; gendered interpretation of, 157; in literary cabarets, 159,160; multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 154-158,155,164; szmonces genre, included in, 160-163,164 Lodzianka (annual), 152 Loew (Low), L., 135,146 Lopek (Kazimierz Krukowski), 161,162
INDEX Lublin, movie theaters in, 215,218; Zefira in, 113,114 Lubliner togblat (daily), 113 Luboml, youth movements in, 232, 242 Luck, youth movement culture in, 230,237, 239 Luft, H., 146 Lüling, B., 140 Luxemburg, Rosa (Röza), 721129 Lwôw (Yid. Lemberik; Ger. Lemberg; Ukr. Lviv): Kokiuszko monument, 181; movie theaters in, 212; musical culture and insti tutions of, 129; shifting political bound aries of Poland and significance of, 1. See also concert programming in interwar Lwôw Lwôw, Polish-Ukrainian Battle of (1918-1919), 129 Lwôw [Radio] Wave (Lwowska Fala), 142 Lyady and Hasidim, 2 maggid (itinerant preachers), 29 Mahler, Gustav, 130,133,134, 50112 Makhmadim, 79 Malewicz, Kazimerz, 62, 72024 Malopolska (Lesser Poland), 190 Malzenstwo kolezehskie (The Companionate Marriage·, Lindsey), 66 Mandatory Palestine: concert programming in Lwôw from, 145,147; Hashomer hatsa’ir leaders emigrating to, 230; Jabotin sky’s evacuation plan for Polish Jews to, 242; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123; popular culture, contempt for, 214,225123; sihot (group discussions) of youth movements on, 235; speakers from, in Poland, 212-215, 216,217, 220, 223; Yemenite Jews, Orientalization of, 117; youth movements providing cultural portal to, 234; Zefira’s background and early career in, 8,113, 115-116 Mandelbaum, Mala, 201 Manekin, Rachel, 189 Manievich, Abraham, 76 Mann, Thomas, 234 Mapai, 212 maps, as analytical tools, 189-190, 203. See also institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw Maria Konopnicka Primary School, Krakôw, 199,200 Mark, Arn,
48 market towns. See shtetlakh Markish, Perets, 24, 25,35П33, 80-81, 84 Marminski, Israel (Marom), 215,225125 Marx, Karl, 57, 66, 70 301 Marxism, 66,77,229 Mascagni, Pietro, 145,147 Maslak-Maciejewska, Alicja, 9,171,288 Mata Hari (Margaretha Geertruida “Margreet” MacLeod), 118 Matejko, Jan, 177,182 Matera, Rafal, 166125 matura certificates, 193,199 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 22,34025,34029,77 May Coup (1926), 18,136 Meidner, Ludwig, 78,88, 92П40, 93154 Meir Ezofowicz (Orzeszkowa), 195 Mendelsohn, Ezra, 186034,243 Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix, 130,131-132, 134 135 138,143,146,148,150112, 256, 259 Menno, Nancy, 117 messianic and apocalyptic themes, 8,77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151 Metzler Lexikon: Avantgarde, 76 Meyer, Bernard, 136 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 27 Mickiewicz, Adam: ashes transferred to Wawel Cathedral, Krakôw, 174,176; Dziady, Part III, 176; Irena Krzywicka and, 66; literary evenings dedicated to, 172,176; memorial statue of, Krakôw mar ket square, 176-177,178,181; Pan Tadeusz, 176; philosemitism of, 84, 92142,177; Reduta Ordona, 176; Sarah Schenirer and, 106; theater adaptations of works of, 195; Warsaw street named for, 58; Yung-yidish movement and, 83-84,920П41-42 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 60 Mikhton, Bentsye, 42 Mirande, Yves, 106 Miraz movie theater, Biala Podlaska, 218 Miraz movie theater, Radom, 215 Mirjams Siegesgesang (Miriam’s Song of Triumph: Schubert), 145,146,148,149 Miron, Dan, 25, 245024 Mizrahi (Zionist religious movement), 215 Mloda Polska (Young Poland) movement, 77, 84 191-193 Mlynôw, youth movements in, 232 modernism/modernity: in architecture,
7, 60, 62, 73046 (see also Glass House); artistic modernity, Polish circumstances fostering, 6; Chagall as first modern artist, 81-82; concert programming in interwar Lwôw and, 129,149; Eastern Europe, emergence in, 8; folk modernism of Vogler, 51; Jewish education for girls as modernist project, 8; Polish Jewish artists’ engagement with, 260; populist modern ism of Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lodz), 7,18-21; Russian modernism/avant-garde, 17, 21-24, 29, 33П9, 34122; transparency, as
302 modernism/modernity (cont.) modernist concept, 56-57, 64; of Vogler’s poetry, 7; Yiddish modernist writers’ interest in expanding Yiddish borders, 52; Young Poland and, 191-193; Yung-Vilne and, 7, 37; Yung-yidish and, 77, 81 moment. Der (journal), 220 Momus (literary cabaret, Warsaw), 159-160 Monderer, Julia (Julia Romowicz), 195 Montefiore, Moses, 178 Moravia, German-Jewish schools in, 213 Moretti, Franco, 189 Morskie Oko (Sea eye; cabaret, Warsaw), 19. 251 Moscow: Broderzon in, 21, 27,34122, 90ПП4-5; Kamernil theater, 27 Moscow Art Theater, 27 Moscow Circle of Yiddish Writers and Artists, 21 Most, Andrea, 111П20 Moszkowski, Maurycy, 141 movies: Bais Yaakov story about potential movie, 112132; interethnic/interfaith coop erative environment of Polish film indus try, 227150; “kino” audience and popular nature of medium, concerns about, 212, 214, 218, 220; popularity of cinema in Poland, 212, 213, 214, 220-222; religious/ rabbinical authorities’ views on, 215; as tenth muse, in Poland, 220,226144 movie theaters as Jewish public spaces, 10, 212-223; Bund and, 213, 215-218, 220, 222; concept of Jewish space, 213,224114 cultural, literary, and philanthropic events, 218-220, 226П41; documentary and pro paganda films, organizations sponsoring, 220,22г, Kultur-Lige and, 218,219, 220; mass Jewish public assemblies, movie theaters as spaces for, 212-214; as neutral spaces bridging cultural and ideological gaps, 220-223,227150; number of movie theaters in Poland, 213; political disputes and violent confrontations, 220, 225226135; religious/rabbinical authorities and, 215;
synagogues compared, 222; Yiddish cinema, 213; youth movements and, 220; Zionist speakers and events, 212, 214-218,216,217, 220. See also specific towns and theaters Moykher-Sforim, Mendele, 146,148,149 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 130,131,132, 135.137,143 145 146 Mucha (Housefly; weekly), 156 multiculturalism. See interethnic and inter religious hybridity multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz, 9,152-165; Broderzon INDEX and, 163-164; “creative class” in Lodz, 158-160; kleynkunst teater, 163-164; life and culture in fin de siècle Lodz, 153-154; literary cabarets, 159-163; Lodzermensz, concept of, 154-158,155,164 (see also Lodzermensz); magazines and journals, 155,155-157 159.160,161,163; szmonces genre, 160-163,164, 168147; Yung-yidish group and, 163 Munch, Edvard, 77 Municipal Theater (now Juliusz Slowacki Municipal Theater), Krakow, 173,195,196, 200, 202 music. See concert programming in inter-, war Lwow; “Soundscapes of Modernity” concert; Zefira, Bracha Mussorgsky, Modest, 143 Nadler, Shmuel, 102,103,110ПП12-13 Nardi, Nahum (Nakhum Narodetskii), 115, 116,118,120,121 Nasza Szkola, Krakôw, 199,200 Nasz Przeglqd (daily), 81-82 National Democrats (Endecja), 18, 68, 73148, 144.156-157 Naumbourg, Samuel, 138,140 Nayman, Yekhezkl Moyshe, 88 Neufeld, Daniel, 174 New Canaan (CT) glass house, 57-58, 68-69 New York Times, 122-123 Ney, Nora, 118 Niewiadomski, Stanislaw, 145 Nomberg, H. D., 138 Nossig, Alfred, 18412 November Uprising (1830-1831), 92141 Nowa Gazeta Lôdzka (New Lôdz gazette), 159,160 Nowakowski, Zygmunt, 202 Nowa Reforma (journal), 197, 2o8n66
Nowogrodzki, Emanuel, 218 Nowy Dziennik (daily), 183,196,198,200, 201, 202 Nuremberg Laws, 144 Oberlenderowa, Klara, 208П80 Oettinger, Jôzef, 177-178, 18634 Ognisko Pracy (vocational school for girls), Krakôw, 197,199,200 Ojczyzna (Homeland; biweekly), 175,177, 178,195 Okienko na Swiat (Window on the world; children’s periodical), 200, 201, 202 Oncle Thom (Konrad Tom/Konrad Runowiecki), 159,160,161,162, 166126 Ordonöwna, Hanka, 112П32 “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123
INDEX Orientalism, 114-115,119,127 Oriental music, 119,120-121,122-123,127 Orthodox Judaism: Agudath Israel as political party of, 108П2; Bais Yaakov, as Orthodox school movement, 8,97,98, 101,103-104,106-107; exotic othering of, 12413; linguistic Polonization of, 188; lit erature and, 102,103,109-110П9; Shmuel Nadler’s renunciation of, 103; school jour nals, 109П9; theatrical productions and, 97,101-103,107-108, nonio; women and, 104,108,188 Orzeszkowa, Eliza, 195 Osowa Wyszka, youth movements in, 232 Ostjuden (Eastern European Jewry), image of, 78,88 Otwock, movie theaters in, 220 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, 137 Palace movie theater, Lublin, 218 Palestine. See Mandatory Palestine Palestine Symphony (Bensman), 127,130 Pan Tadeusz (Mickiewicz), 176 Passover, 38,93152, 233 Pathetiker, Die (Berlin), 78,83, 92П40 PEN Club, 47 Penslar, Derek, 114 People’s Reading Room “Unity” (Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room]), Krakow, 202 Peretz, Yitzkhok Leyb, 23, 29,32,36П53, 85, 88,137, 202, 218,219, 222 performativity theory, 108 Perkowska, Urszula, 197 Perln oyfn bruk (Pearls on the cobblestones; Yung-yidish), 83 Perskie Oko (Persian eye; cabaret, Warsaw), 19 Petterson, Carla L., 116 philanthropic initiatives, interconfessional, 179-180 philosemitism: of Casimir the Great, 174, 177; of Mickiewicz, 84, 92142,177 Picasso, Pablo, 117 Pilsudski, Jozef, 2,18,136,144, 222 Pinsk, youth movement culture in, 230 Piotrowski, Piotr, 76, 92135 Pipman. See Urstein, Jozef “Pikus” Pirandello, Luigi, 234 Plohn, Alfred, 127,129,134,142,149
Pniowerôwna, Regina, 194, 206—207147 Po’ale Tsiyon Semol (Left Poale Tsiyon Party), 215, 222 Podkowa Lesna, Glass House in. See Glass House pogroms, 76 ЗОЗ Polesie, youth movements in, 229, 231, 240, 245126 Polewka, Adam, 202,21114 Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw, 1-11; center/periphery pairings, 5; cultural pro duction, focus on, 4-6; gender and wom en’s history, 5; geographical and temporal framework, 4, 5-6; Holocaust and lost his tory of, reclaiming, 3-4,10-11; majority/ minority cultures, relationships between, 6; modern artistic expressions of, 7-8 (see also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater [Lodz]; Glass House; Vogler, Elkhonen; Yungyidish group and Jewish expressionism); performers and audiences, interplay between, 8-9 (see also concert program ming in interwar Lwôw; multidirectional flow of culture; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances; Zefira, Bracha); postcolonial approach to, 12413; regionalism, Friedman on, 2-3; shifting political boundaries of Poland affecting, 1, 2, 6; spatial components of, 9-10 (see also Casimir the Great monument [unbuilt], Krakôw; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces; youth movements) Polish Jewish Studies Workshop, Rutgers University, 6 Polish language, Jewish use of, 5,155,188, 189,191,195-197 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodôw), 1 Polski Rocznik Muzykologiczny (Polish musicological yearbook), 119 Portnoj, Felicja Barbanel Goldberg, 66, 721129 Portnoj, Jekutiel, 66 Portnoy, Eddy, 103 "Postne Lite” (Modest Lithuania; Vogler),
51-52,55140 Postolski, Shalom, 145,147 Poznah, BUNT group in, 77, 79 primitivism and the primitive, 82,116-118, 121 Private Gymnasium for Girls, Krakôw, 192, 193 Progressive Association, 172,186127 progressive Jews, 133,172,175,177,180,194, 250, 257, 258 Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia, 9,188, 288-289 Proletkult theater (Soviet), 20 Promised Land, The (Reymont), 153 Propper, Adela, 173 Propper, Jan Albert, 172,173 Pruzana, youth movements in, 239
304 Przedwiosnie (The ComingSpring; Zeromski), 58 Przemysl, music societies in, 129 Przodownica (feminist weekly), 196,197 Przybyszewski, Stanislaw, 77-78, 84,106 Przyjçcie Zydùw do Polski przez Kazimierza Wielkiego (Admission ofJews to Poland by Casimir the Great·, Henryk Hochman, bas-relief plaque), 181-183,182,184,18754 Puccini, Giacomo, 141 Pulaver, Moyshe, 18 Purchia, Jacek, 190 Purim and Purimshpil (Purim play), 34124, 35147, 101,104,106,109П8, nonio, И0-ШП16,117,139 Puterman, Julian (Julian Sadlowski), 71П11 Queen Esther contest, 117 Qui Pro Quo (cabaret, Warsaw), 19,160-164, 167П31 Rabinovich, Solomon Naumovich (Sholem Aleichem), 2 5,34124 35137 Rachmaninov, Sergei, 137 radio broadcasting, 139,142,200, 202, 210—211106, 214 Radio Lwôw (Wave), 139 Radom, movie theaters in, 215,217 Rapoport, Y., 54128 Rappoport, Shloyme Zanvl (An-sky), 29 Rathaus, Karol, 145,146,148-149 Ravitsh, Melekh, 24-25 Raysn (Kulbak), 40-41,44, 46 reading rooms, Krakôw: Czytelnia dla Kobiet im. Juliusza Slowackiego (Juliusz Slowacki Reading Room for Women), 192,194; Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednoic” (People’s Reading Room “Unity”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz People’s Reading Room]), 200, 202, 211109; Czytelnia Towarzyska (Social Reading Room), 196,198-199,200, 202, 208—209180; Reading Room of Jewish Mercantile Youth (Czytelnia Starozakonnej Mlodziezy Handlowej), 172,173, 176,178; “Ruth” reading room for Jewish women, 192,194,202, 207149 Reduta Ordona (Mickiewicz), 176 Reduta Smiechu (literary cabaret, Lôdz), 159 Reform Synagogue, Krakôw. See Tem pel (progressive or reform
synagogue), Krakôw Regional Artisan Organization, 141 regional Polish Jewish culture. See Polish Jewish culture beyond Warsaw Reich, Leon, 129,136 Reicher-Thonowa, Gizela, 201 INDEX Reinhardt, Max, 116 Reizen, Zalmen, 188 religion: Broderzon’s use of religious Jew ish vocabulary, 35145; Mizrahi (Zionist religious movement), 215; movie theaters, religious/rabbinical authorities and, 215; youth movements, religious dynamics of, 231-233; Zionism, religious Jews and, 231. See also Hasidim; interethnic and interreligious hybridity, messianic and apocalyptic themes; Orthodox Judaism; synagogues Reri (Anna Chevalier), 118, 125137 Revisionist Zionists, 212, 215, 220,22415, 226135. See also Betar Reymont, Wladyslaw Stanislaw, 153,155 Rheinberger, J., 135 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, 132 Rise and Fall of the City ofMahagonny, The (Aufstieg und Pall der Stadt Mahagonny; Brecht/Weil), 18 Rivoir, André, 106 Robotnik (daily), 113 Rolland, Romain, 207155 Roma people, 42 Romowicz, Julia (Julia Monderer), 195 Rosen, Matthias, 174 Rosenbaum (later Grünfeld), Judith, 106 Rosenberg, Cecylia, 194 Rosenberg, Celestyna, 197 Rosenblatt, Yossele, 222 Rosenthal, Maurycy, 260 Rosenzweig, Franz, 77,78 Rostowa, Nella, 199 Rotman, Diego, 33П7 Rôwne, youth movement culture in, 230, 240,241 Roxy movie theater, Lodz, 220,221 Rôzan, Bais Yaakov in, 98 Rozhanski, Elkhonen. See Vogler, Elkhonen Rubinstein, Artur, 260 Runowiecki, Konrad (Konrad Tom; Oncle Thom), 159,160,161,162, 166126 Ruskin, John, 195 Russia: attitudes toward peasants in, 117; Broderzon in, 21, 27,34122, 90П4; modernism/avant-garde in, 17, 21;
pogrom refugees from, 76; Proletkult theater, 20; restrictions on Jewish public buildings in, 222; Siniaia Ptifsa (Berlin cabaret) founded by Russians, 19,164; Vogler in, 52. See also specific cities Russian Poland, industrialization of, 6 Rutgers Kirkpatrick Choir, 254, 255, 256, 262, 265 Rutgers University Polish Jewish Studies Workshop, 6
INDEX Ruth (journal), 194 “Ruth” reading room for Jewish women, Krakow, 192,194, 202, 207149 Rutkowski, Hipolit, 56, 60-64, 63, 64. See also Glass House Ryback, Yisakhar Ber, 21,76, 81, 89 Rygier, Teodor, 176 rynek (market square), 2 Sabbatean doctrine, 93155 Sabbath observance/nonobservance, 39, 46, 89,141, 215-218, 220, 223, 233, 239, 242 Sadlowski, Julian (Julian Puterman), 71ml Sambatyon, 17, ззпб Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances, 8, 97-108; Agudath Israel and, 101-102, io8ni, 109-11009,111П21; Avot 2:6 and, 105, ШП24; Bais Yaakov Journal, 109-110П9,110П13; The Binding of Isaac, 98-101,104; Bnos (associated youth movement), 102; cross-dressing by girls, 98-IOI, 99, IO4-IO5, 11О-111П16, ШП24; female-only audiences and boys’ efforts to attend, 97-101,100,104; importance of theater to Bais Yaakov culture, 98, юз107, ш9; Joseph and His Brothers/The Selling ofJoseph, 99, 102,104,108-109П3; Judith, 97,98,104,109П7; Kantonisten, 98,99,109П3; Khinukh’s efforts to pres ent play with mixed-gender cast, 101102; Krakow theater culture, Schenirer influenced by, 105-106,107-108; movie, rumor about, 112132; Orthodox amateur young men’s theater and, 101-102,107, 108, nonio; pedagogy of Bais Yaakov and, 106-107,188; Polish Nativity plays and, nonn; reproduction of Orthodox culture and Bais Yaakov girls, 107; “Ruth” reading room, Krakôw, Schenirer on meetings at, 207149; scripts written by Schenirer, 98, 105, 125; small towns to cities, direction of cultural influence from, 107-108; Torah learning for girls, Bais Yaakov providing, 8,105 Schiffmann, Franciszka, 197
Schiffowa, Roza, 208П80 Schildkret, Lucy (Lucy S. Dawidowicz), 10 Schlechter, Emanuel, 4 Schlesinger, Majer, 186027 Schoenberg, Arnold, 261 Scholem, Gershom, 78,93155 School for Decorative Arts and Art Indus try, Krakôw, 199,200 schools and schooling. See education; specific schools Schubert, Franz, 131,135,138,140,143,145, 145,146,148,149 ЗО5 Schumann, Robert, 135 Schwab, Erin, 254,256 Seidman, Naomi, 8, 97, 289 Seo, Jihyang, 254, 255, 256, 264 Sephardic Jewry, 114,115 Seydenbeutel, Edward, 71ml Sforim, Mendele Moykher (Sholem Yankev Abramovich), 25,34124 Shabbat HaGadol, 93152 ShaCh (Shabtai Cohen), daughter of, 112П32 Shallcross, Bozena, 7-8, 56, 289 Shavuot, 233 Shaw, Artie, 121 Shaw, George Bernard, 234 Shaykevitch, Nokhem Meyer (Shomer), 25 Shlonsky, Avram, 145,147 Sholem Aleichem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich), 25, 34П24, 35137 Shomer (Nokhem Meyer Shaykevitch), 25 “shotn, Der” (The Shadow; Andersen), 146, 148 Shprotsungen (Fresh growths; journal), 39 shtetlakh (Yid. market towns), 2,10,82,85, 212-213,222,223, 228-230,233,235,236, 249 “shtot, Di” (The city; Kulbak), 40 Shulman, Eliyohu, 46 Shumacher, Yisroel, 32, 33П7, 33П15 shund (Yid. trashy culture), 7,17, 25-26, 28-29 Shvarts-shabes (Black Sabbath; Broderzon), 79-81,80, 84 Shveln (Threshold; Markish), 80-81 Siedlecka, Maria, 194 Siedlice, Bais Yaakov in, 98,100 Siel, Sidney, 115 Sigalin, Grzegorz, 71ml sihot (group discussions), 235, 239,240 Sikhes khulin (Broderzon), 85 Silber, Marcos, 9,33ПП10-11,152, 289 Silberfeld, Antonina, 195 Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 82 Siniaia Ptitsa (Der blaue Vogel, Russian cabaret in
Berlin), 19,19, 29,33П12,164 Sinkoff, Nancy, 1, 6, 254, 289 Skamander (poetic group), 71П7 Slonimski, Antoni, 163 Smiech (Laughter; Lodz weekly), 156-157, 159,160 Smiech (Laughter; Warsaw weekly), 155, 155-156 socialism, 6, 66, 80,153,165П6,194, 228, 229, 232, 239, 241, 257. See also Bund Social Reading Room (Czytelnia Towarzyska), Krakôw, 196,198-199,200, 202, 208—209180 Society for Jewish Folk Music, 133
Зоб Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music, Vienna, 147 Society of Planned Motherhood and the League for the Reform of Morals, 202 Society of the Lovers of Early-Modern Music (Stowarzyszenie Milosnikôw Dawnej Muzyki), 119 Sokolow, Nahum, 212, 214, 218 Soloveytshik, Henekh, 39, 41 Somarriba, Enriqueta, 254, 255, 256, 264-265 “Soundscapes of Modernity” concert, Rutgers University (2018), 6, 253-265 Soviet Union. See Russia Spitzer, Salomon, 178,186127, 186138 Splendor movie theater, Lodz, 218 Spranger, Eduard, 234 Sroda, Magdalena, 67 Stanislavski, Konstantin, 27 Stanislaw i Anna Oswiecimowie (Karfowicz), 130 Stanislawôw, music societies in, 129 Statute ofKalisz, The (Artur Szyk), 156 Stawisko (house of Stanislaw Lilpop), 717 Steinbergowa, Hudes, 199 Steinhardt, Jakob, 78, 88, 89, 92П40, 93154 Steinlauf, Michael, 25 Stendigowa, Felicja, 201, 202, 210П101, 210—2111105—106 Sterling, Seweryn, 4 Stern, Zehavit, 7,15, 289-290 Sternbachöwna, Heia, 2o8n8o Stemberger, Leon, 258 Stolarska-Fronia, Malgorzata, 8, 75,163, 290 Stoner, Jill, 73150 Stowarzyszenie Architektôw Rzeczypospolite) Polskiej (Association of Architects of the Polish Republic), 61 Stowarzyszenie Milosnikôw Dawne) Muzyki (Society of the Lovers of Early-Modern Music), 119 St. Petersburg, cabarets in, 19,33ml St. Petersburg Society for Jewish Folk Music, 133,144,147, 15130 Strakun, Leopold, 82 Strashun library, Wilno, 39 Strauss, Johann, II, 132,137,145 Strauss, Richard, 132,133 Strawinsky, L, 143 Strizowerôwna, Rôza, 2o8n8o St. Salomea School, Krakôw, 206—207147 St. Scholastica School for Girls, Krakôw, 192,193
Suchmiel, Jadwiga, 197 Sullivan, Louis H., 60 Sulzer, Salomon, 133,135,148,258 summer camps, 213 Sutzkever, Avrom, 51 INDEX Sutzkever, Rokhl, 42,43,47,48,54118 Swanson, Gloria, 212 synagogues: Jewish choral tradition and, 257-258; as Jewish public spaces, 222; Tempel (progressive or reform syna gogue), Krakôw, 172,175,176,177,178,179, 191; youth movements and, 231, 232 synthetic theater, 27-28,35142, 35149 Syrena Record, 261 Szagal, Marek (Marc Chagall), 81-82, 89 Szalit, Paula, 255, 260 Szczuka, Mieczyslaw, 68, 73146 Szkola Kazimierzowska (Casimir the Great School), Kazimierz, Krakôw, 192,193 szlachta (noble class) tradition, 152,153 szmonces (Yid. shmontses) genre, 160-163, 164,168П47 Szternfeld, Ary, 4 Szwarc, Marek, 29,79,90П4, 91124 Szyk, Artur, 21,22,156,159,160,163 Szyk, Zalmen, 55 Szymanowski, Karol, 120,121 Tairov, Aleksandr, 27 Tanczqcy ogien (Dancing fire; journal), 163 Tansman, Aleksander, 4, 255, 260 Tarbut schools, 230 Targownik, Pola, 2111109 Tarnopol (Ukr. Ternopil), shifting political significance of, 1 Tarnowski, Stanislaw, 195 Taubenschlagowa, Pola, 2o8n8o Tausig, Karol, 260 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 132,133 teachers, women training and working as, 193-194,195,197,199-201, 210П103, 211П116 Teatr Ludowy, Krakow, 195 Tekiye gedola (The great shofar blast; Yitskhok Brauner), 84, 85, 87, 92П45 Tempel (progressive or reform synagogue), Krakôw, 172,175,176,177,178,179,191 tenth muse, movies as, in Poland, 220, 226144 Teofil Lenartowicz School, Krakôw, 199,200 theater: as institutional space for women’s cultural production in Krakow, 195,196, 200,202, 203;
Orthodox Jewish theat rical productions, 97,101-103,107-108, nonio; youth movements and, 236. See also Ararat Kleynkunst Theater (Lôdz); movie theaters as Jewish public spaces; Schenirer, Sarah, and Bais Yaakov theater performances; specific theaters Thesaurus ofHebrew-Oriental Melodies (Idelsohn), 119 Thon, Ozjasz, 191
INDEX Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper; Brecht/Weil), 18 Tkhiyes hameysim (Resurrection; Yung-yidish), 83 Tom, Konrad (Konrad Runowiecki; Oncle Thom), 159,160,161,162,166П26 Tomaszôw Mazowiecki, movie theaters in, 220 To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Free dom (Howard), 59 Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludnosci Zydowskiej (TOZ; Society for Safeguarding the Health of the Jewish Population), 220 Towarzystwo Zachçty Sztuk Piçknych (Association of Fine Arts), 173 Trade Gymnasium (Private Jewish Coed ucational Middle School for Trade), Krakôw, 199 transparency: as architectural feature, 57-58, 69; Krzywicka living out modernist concept of, 56-57,64,67,69-70; as modernist con cept, 56-57,64; psychoanalysis and, 70m Traveler Disguised, A (Miron), ,25 Trejwart, Henryk (Henryk Ignacy Hescheles), 130 Trumpeldor, Joseph, 233 Trunk, Yekhiel Yeshava, 22 Trybuna Akademicka, 191 Tsabari, Tsipora, 117 Tseirey Agudas Yisroel. See Agudath Israel tsukunft, Di (art journal), 47 Tsvey beriozes baym trakt (Two birch trees by the highway; Vogler), 47-51,48 Tunkeler, Der (Yoysef Tunkel), 28 Turkow, Zygmunt, 26,146 Tuszyhska, Agata, 69 Tuwim, Julian, 5,153,154,159-163 Tygodnik (weekly), 195-197,199 Ukrainians in Poland, 2, 220,240 Uncle Tom's Cabin (Stowe), Polish recep tion of, 166126 United States: dichotomous view of African and Native Americans in, 117; Europe, American Jews from, 126П60; Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), Polish reception of, 166П26; Zefira’s tour of, 121-123,122 “Unity” People’s Reading Room (Czytelnia Ludowa “Jednosc”; later Czytelnia Ludowa I. L. Pereca [I. L. Peretz
People’s Reading Room]), Krakôw, 200, 202, 211109 university professors, women working as, 199-201 Uriel Acosta (Gutzkow), 149 Uriel Acosta (Rathaus), 145,146,148-149 Urstein, Jdzef "Pikus" (Pipman), 159,161, 162, 167131 ЗО7 Vakhtangov, Yevgeny, 35147 Valdiks (Of the forest; Avrom Sutzkever), 51 Valentino, Rudolph, 212 Velfke’s tavern, Wilno, 39 Verdi, Giuseppe, 138 Vienna: coffeehouses of, 213; Franz Grünbaum’s (Kriebaum’s) cabaret, 159; hun dredth anniversary of Relief of (1883), 174; Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music, 147 Vilna. See Wilno Vilna Conservatory, 46 “Vilne” (Kulbak), 41,53П13 Vilner tog (daily), 39 Vladimir Jabotinsky: Let the Jews Enter Palestine (film), 220,221 Vogler, Elkhonen, 7, 37-52; bletl in vint, A (A page in the wind), 42-47,43; early life and career, 38-39; folk style, use of, 42,43, 44,48, 49, 51; Friling afn trakt (Springtime on the country highway), 52,55141; influ ences on, 40-42; Litvak Jewish identity and, 7,37,40, 44-46, 49 53Π1,53n9; local ized language, use of, 44-45,49,55134; pastoralism, turn to, 37, 44-46, 47, 49,52; poetics of, 39-40; "Postne Lite” (Modest Lithuania), 51-52,55140; pseudonym taken on by, 38, 39, 52; self-doubt of, 46-47,48,49; Tsvey beriozes baym trakt (Two birch trees by the highway), 47-51, 48; WWII and postwar life and career, 52; Yung-Vilne and, 37,39,42, 46, 47, 51-52 Vogler, Henryk, 188 Wagner, Esther Willig, 99,108-10903 Wagner, Richard, 132,133 Warecka, Aniela, 66,72130 Warkowicze, youth movements in, 233,242 Wars, Henryk, 4 Warsaw: Ararat’s move to, 32; cabarets in, 19,159-164; Dom Prasy (The Press
House), 61; Fama movie theater, Mizrahi Zionist meetings in, 215; as “ferment,” 73435; glass house in, 58; Jewish avantgarde milieu in, 78; Jewish Literary Union in, 103,108; Irena Krzywicka in, 64-66; Momus (literary cabaret), 159-160; as press and publishing center, 53П9; Qui Pro Quo (cabaret), 19,160-164,167П31; Saska Kçpa neighborhood architecture in, 61; shifting political boundaries of Poland and significance of, 1; Ziemiahska Café, 67, 69. See also multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw and Lodz Warschauer, Jonathan, 172,173,180-181 Washington and His Times (Artur Szyk), 156
3θ8 Wasserman, Jacob, 195 Waszyfiski, Michal, 118,125138 Wawel Cathedral, Krakôw, 174-175,179 We (Zamyatin), 58 Weber, Carl Maria von, 132,137 Webern, Anton, 261 Weil, Kurt, 18 Weinberg, Thea, 120 Weinberger, Juliusz, 137 Weinloes, 139 Weinreich, Max, 54125 Weinzieher, Michal, 82 Weisenberg, Jonasz, 179 Weiss, Jakob Leopold, 255, 258 West versus East. See East versus West Wiadomosci Literackie (Literary news; weekly), 67, 69 Wilde, Oscar, 195 Willig, Esther (later Wagner), 108П3 Wilno (Yid. Vilna; Lith. Vilnius): Jewish Literary Union and PEN Club, 47; as Jewish regional center, 2, 40, 51-52, 55П40; Nazi destruction of Jewish Wilno, 52; Republic of Lithuania’s rule over (1940), 51-52; shifting political boundaries of Poland and significance of, 1; Strashun library, 39; Velfke’s tavern, 39. See also Vogler, Elkhonen; YIVO; Yung-Vilne Wintersteinowa, Anna, 208П80 Wisniowski, Teofil, 61 Wladyslaw IV Vasa (King, Polish Lithua nian Commonwealth), 257 Wlast, Andrzej (Gustaw Baumritter), 159, 160,161, 256, 261 Wlodzimierz Wolyfiski, youth movements in, 236 Wolf, Edward, 260 Wolfram House, 62,721123 Wolfsohn, Juliusz, 144,146,147 Wolfsthal, Chune, 136,140,141,144,145,146 Wolnica Square, Krakôw, 171,182 Wolyfi, youth movements in, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236, 239, 240 women’s history. See gender and women’s history Wordsworth, William, 52,55142 World Zionist Organization, 212 W Tatrach (In the Tatra Mountains; Zelefiski), 130,131 Wyspianski, Stanislaw, 84,92146,106,195 Wyznania gorszycielki (Confessions of a scandalist; Irena Krzywicka), 69 Yemenite Jews: Orientalization of, in Man
datory Palestine, 117; Zefira’s Yemenite background, 115-116; Zionism and, 118-119 Yiddish cinema, 213 INDEX Yiddish language and literature in Krakôw, 188,189,191 YIVO (Jewish Scientific Institute): auto biographies collected by, 10,229,235; Friedman, regionalism article of, 2-3; Lucy Schildkret (Lucy S. Dawidowicz) at, 10; Wilno’s cultural/scholarly traditions and, 5319 yizker bikher (Yid. memorial books), 10,223 Young Poland (Mloda Polska) literary movement, 77, 84,191-193 youth movements, 10,228-243; for Bais Yaa kov girls, 102; commemorations and holi days, 233; as cultural portals, 234-236; gap between cultural prescriptions and actual activities, 238-240; haskama (public letters of approval) sought by, 232; libraries estab lished by, 235; movie theaters, public events in, 220; Polish government and, 240-242, 243; in provincial towns versus cities, 243; recruitment initiatives of 1930s, 229,230231; religious dynamics of, 231-233; sihot (group discussions), 235,239,240; sources and recent scholarship, 228-230; sports and physical activities, 235-236; women members and male-female interaction, 10, 232, 233,236-238,237,239. See also specific organizations Yung-Vilne (Young Vilna), 7; catastroph ism of, 46; interethnic and interreligious hybridity of poems of, 42, 47; under Lithuanian occupation (1940), 51-52; regionalism of, 41-42; Vogler and, 37, 39,42,46,47,51-52 (see also Vogler, Elkhonen); Wilno as Jewish cultural center and, 55П40; women in, 54118; WWII and dispersal of, 52 Yung-yidish (art journal): Broderzon found ing, 20, 22; Broderzon’s manifestos in, 83,
84; first issue of, 83, 84; manifesto of, 22, 23,34127; mix of visual art and text in, 163; self-critique of, 26 Yung-yidish group and Jewish expres sionism, 8, 75-89; Adler’s title page for Broderzon’s Shvarts-shabes, 79-81, 80; adoption of expressionism by Yungyidish, 81-82; aesthetic vision of Broder zon and, 24-25, 77, 83; apocalyptic and messianic themes, 8, 77, 83-88, 86, 87, 92ПП40-41, 92151; artistic culture of Lôdz and influences on, 77-81, 89; Ber lin expressionists and, 78, 79, 88, 89; Chagall as model for, 81-82; emergence and purpose of, 76,77-78; foreign stud ies of, доп; form, subject matter, and features of, 82-83, 9°n8; Jewish heritage and spirituality, embrace of, 77-79, 81,
INDEX ЗОЭ 85-88; Jewish Renaissance and, 78,82, 9on8; kleynkunst teater performed by, 163; Lodzermensz identity of, 75-76, 88-89; multidirectional flow of culture between Warsaw/Lôdz and, 163; Perln oyfn bruk (Pearls on the cobblestones), 83; Tkhiyes hameysim (Resurrection), 83. See also Broderzon, Moyshe; and other specific members Yuval (music organization), 136,142, 150120, 15130 Zabojecka, Maria (Malwina GarfeinowaGarska), 194, 207155 Zahorska, Stefania Lesser, 198 Zakopane architectural style, 68, 73149 Zamyatin, Evgeniy, 58 Zangwill, Israel, 195 za-um (trans-reason) poetry, 26 Zawiejski, Jan and Mieczyslaw, 173,181 Zdroj (magazine), 77 Zefira, Bracha, 8,113-123; age of, 118; appear ance, body, and images of, 113,114,116-118, 120,122,123; Ashkenazi influences on, 116; musical skills and performances of, 116, 120-121; “Oriental” (Middle Eastern) Jewry, image of, 8,113-120,122-123; Poland, tour of, 8,113-121,114·, as true or authentic Jew, 118-119,123; U.S., tour of, 121-123,122; Yemenite background and early career in Mandatory Palestine, 8,115-116 Zefira, Yosef and Na’ama, 115 Zelefiski, Wladyslaw, 130,131 Zeromski, Stefan, 58 Zerubavel, Ya’akov (Vitkin), 215 Zielifiski, Jaroslaw, 61 Zielony Balonik (The little green balloon; cabaret, Krakôw), 19 Ziemianska Café, Warsaw, 67, 69,73П45 Zilberts, Zavel, 256,259 Zionism: Bund’s opposition to, 721128; Casimir the Great monument (unbuilt), Krakôw, impact on, 181; concert program ming in interwar Lwôw and, 128,136, 147; Gottlieb, commemoration of, 179; He'atid/Przyszlosc (Future; monthly), 197; Hochman’s bas-relief plaque
The Admis sion ofJews to Poland, criticism of, 183; institutional spaces for women’s cultural production in Krakôw and, 203; Jewish choral societies and, 257; language use and, 188,191,194; movie theaters as Jewish public spaces and, 212, 214-218,216,217, 220; origins of ideology of, 6; rabbinical support for, 231; regionalism versus, 3; synagogues, Zionist meetings held in, 222; Vogler’s poetry defying logic of, 37; Yemenite/Oriental Jewry and, 118-119. See also youth movements Zionist Congresses, 212,22415 Zionist Revisionist Party, 212, 215, 220, 22415,226135. See also Betar Zle miasto (Bad [or evil] city, Bartkiewicz), 153 Znajda, Abraham, 134 Zôrawski, Juliusz, 58 Zweig, Stefan, 234 Zwi^zek Zydowskich Towarzystw Muzycznych i Spiewaczych w Galicji (Associa tion of Jewish Music and Choral Societies in Galicia), 129 Zycie Swiadome (The conscious life; monthly), 67, 202 Zydowskie Towarzystwo ArtystycznoLiterackie. See Jewish Artistic and Literary Society Zydowskie Towarzystwo Muzyczne. See Jewish Music Society Bayeriacha Staatsbibilothek München |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Litauen Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV049332286 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:45:33Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:16:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781978836044 9781978836037 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034593012 |
| oclc_num | 1390405789 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | x, 309 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20231108 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Rutgers University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery edited by Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff ; with Natalia Aleksiun New Brunswick ; Camden ; Newark ; New Jersey ; London ; Oxford Rutgers University Press [2023] © 2023 x, 309 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jung Wilne (DE-588)10139807-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Jiddisch (DE-588)4028614-9 gnd rswk-swf Kino (DE-588)4129654-0 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Kulturleben (DE-588)4126540-3 gnd rswk-swf Modernismus (DE-588)4133275-1 gnd rswk-swf Theater (DE-588)4059702-7 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Kulturleben (DE-588)4126540-3 s Theater (DE-588)4059702-7 s Kino (DE-588)4129654-0 s Modernismus (DE-588)4133275-1 s Geschichte 1918-1939 z DE-604 Jiddisch (DE-588)4028614-9 s Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Jung Wilne (DE-588)10139807-4 b Goldberg, Halina 1961- (DE-588)174012543 edt Sinkoff, Nancy 1959- (DE-588)173403417 edt Aleksiun, Natalia 1971- (DE-588)128415363 ctb Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-9788-3605-1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-9788-3606-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034593012&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034593012&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery Jung Wilne (DE-588)10139807-4 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Jiddisch (DE-588)4028614-9 gnd Kino (DE-588)4129654-0 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Kulturleben (DE-588)4126540-3 gnd Modernismus (DE-588)4133275-1 gnd Theater (DE-588)4059702-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)10139807-4 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4028614-9 (DE-588)4129654-0 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4126540-3 (DE-588)4133275-1 (DE-588)4059702-7 (DE-588)4074266-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery |
| title_auth | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery |
| title_exact_search | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery |
| title_full | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery edited by Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff ; with Natalia Aleksiun |
| title_fullStr | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery edited by Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff ; with Natalia Aleksiun |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery edited by Halina Goldberg and Nancy Sinkoff ; with Natalia Aleksiun |
| title_short | Polish Jewish culture beyond the capital |
| title_sort | polish jewish culture beyond the capital centering the periphery |
| title_sub | centering the periphery |
| topic | Jung Wilne (DE-588)10139807-4 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Jiddisch (DE-588)4028614-9 gnd Kino (DE-588)4129654-0 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Kulturleben (DE-588)4126540-3 gnd Modernismus (DE-588)4133275-1 gnd Theater (DE-588)4059702-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jung Wilne Juden Jiddisch Kino Kultur Kulturleben Modernismus Theater Litauen Polen Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034593012&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034593012&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT goldberghalina polishjewishculturebeyondthecapitalcenteringtheperiphery AT sinkoffnancy polishjewishculturebeyondthecapitalcenteringtheperiphery AT aleksiunnatalia polishjewishculturebeyondthecapitalcenteringtheperiphery |