Understanding research methods: an overview of the essentials
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY ; London
Routledge
2023
|
Ausgabe: | Eleventh edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Includes index |
Beschreibung: | xiii, 514 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9780367551186 9780367551179 |
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Contents Preface Acknowledgments ix xiii Introduction 1 PART 1 Introduction to Research Methods 5 1 .01 Knowledge and Research Methods 1.02 Empirical and Interpretive Research 1.03 Using Research to Overcome Cognitive Bias 1.04 Theory and Research 1.05 Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Key Differences 1.06 Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches 1 .07 The Development of Ethical Research Standards 1.08 Ethical Principles in Research 9 14 18 22 27 32 37 41 PART 2 47 Reading, Reviewing, and Citing Literature 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Reviewing the Literature The Structure of Research Articles Locating Literature in Databases Connecting the Literature to Your Study Keeping Notes on Literature Reading and Assessing Quantitative Literature Reading and Assessing Qualitative Literature Using Literature to Explore Explanatory Theories Synthesis versus Summaries Why Academics Rely on Citation 49 56 61 69 73 77 84 89 92 97 v
CONTENTS PART 3 Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Concepts and Variables Variables in Quantitative Studies Variables in Experimental Studies Confounding Variables in Experimental Research Constructing Composite Measures Using Performance Measures Using Norm and Criterion Tests Falsification and the Null Hypothesis Formulating Quantitative Questions 101 103 110 116 120 124 129 133 137 142 PART 4 Designing Quantitative Research 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Getting Started with Quantitative Research Designs Types of Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study Designs Survey Research Writing Survey Questions Using Existing Data Experimental Research Causal Claims: Experimental Study Design Quasi-Experimental Designs 149 151 156 160 164 170 176 181 187 191 PART 5 Assessing Research Quality: Validity and Reliability 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 vi Measures of Quality. Validity and Reliability Judgmental Validity Empirical Validity Construct Validity Evaluating Reliability Visualizing Reliability and Validity Principles of Reliability and Validity Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity 195 197 200 203 208 212 218 222 226 230
CONTENTS PART 6 Sampling for Quantitative Research 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 233 Populations and Samples Simple Random and Systematic Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Sampling Challenges in Probability Sampling Nonprobability Sampling in Quantitative Research Error and Bias in Samples Modern Sampling Techniques Sampling and Internet Surveys Sampling and Demographics Sample Composition and Bias Sample Size in Quantitative Studies 235 239 243 248 251 254 258 261 265 269 273 276 PART 7 Analyzing Quantitative Data 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 281 Descriptive Statistics The Mean and StandardDeviation Median and Range Mode and Frequency Describing Bivariate Data Inferential Statistics Statistical Tests for ComparingGroups Regression Basics Normal Distribution Statistical Significance Statistics for Effect Size Practical Significance of Results 285 289 293 297 304 311 318 326 330 336 341 347 PART 8 Qualitative Research 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 Decisions in Qualitative Research Design Generating Qualitative Questions Collecting Qualitative Data Mixing Collection and Analysis: Grounded Theory Qualitative Coding Processes and Techniques Assessing Quality in Qualitative Research 351 ‘ 355 361 365 369 373 379 vii
CONTENTS 8.0 7 Recruiting Participants for QualitativeStudies 8.0 8 Sample Size and Diversity in QualitativeResearch 8.0 9 Designing Interviews 8.10 Conducting Interviews 8.11 Planning Focus Group Facilitation 8.12 Observation and Ethnography 8.13 Designing Case Study Research 8.14 Mixed-Methods Designs 383 388 392 397 403 407 410 414 PART 9 Writing about Research 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 Introduction to Style Guides Writing the Introduction Writing the Literature Review Presenting a Critical Assessmentof the Literature How to Use Citations Describing Quantitative Methods Describing Qualitative Methods Describing Participants Describing Measures Reporting Quantitative Research Results Reporting Qualitative Research Results Writing the Discussion Revision/Putting It All Together Writing the Abstract 419 421 425 429 435 438 441 444 448 452 456 459 463 466 468 Appendices 471 A В C D E F 473 477 481 487 493 499 Databases for Locating Literature Online Sources of Statistics and Data Literature Review Excerpts Sample Abstracts of Research Reports Introduction to APA Style Introduction to ASA Style Index viii 505 |
adam_txt |
Contents Preface Acknowledgments ix xiii Introduction 1 PART 1 Introduction to Research Methods 5 1 .01 Knowledge and Research Methods 1.02 Empirical and Interpretive Research 1.03 Using Research to Overcome Cognitive Bias 1.04 Theory and Research 1.05 Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Key Differences 1.06 Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches 1 .07 The Development of Ethical Research Standards 1.08 Ethical Principles in Research 9 14 18 22 27 32 37 41 PART 2 47 Reading, Reviewing, and Citing Literature 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Reviewing the Literature The Structure of Research Articles Locating Literature in Databases Connecting the Literature to Your Study Keeping Notes on Literature Reading and Assessing Quantitative Literature Reading and Assessing Qualitative Literature Using Literature to Explore Explanatory Theories Synthesis versus Summaries Why Academics Rely on Citation 49 56 61 69 73 77 84 89 92 97 v
CONTENTS PART 3 Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Concepts and Variables Variables in Quantitative Studies Variables in Experimental Studies Confounding Variables in Experimental Research Constructing Composite Measures Using Performance Measures Using Norm and Criterion Tests Falsification and the Null Hypothesis Formulating Quantitative Questions 101 103 110 116 120 124 129 133 137 142 PART 4 Designing Quantitative Research 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Getting Started with Quantitative Research Designs Types of Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study Designs Survey Research Writing Survey Questions Using Existing Data Experimental Research Causal Claims: Experimental Study Design Quasi-Experimental Designs 149 151 156 160 164 170 176 181 187 191 PART 5 Assessing Research Quality: Validity and Reliability 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 vi Measures of Quality. Validity and Reliability Judgmental Validity Empirical Validity Construct Validity Evaluating Reliability Visualizing Reliability and Validity Principles of Reliability and Validity Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity 195 197 200 203 208 212 218 222 226 230
CONTENTS PART 6 Sampling for Quantitative Research 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 233 Populations and Samples Simple Random and Systematic Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Sampling Challenges in Probability Sampling Nonprobability Sampling in Quantitative Research Error and Bias in Samples Modern Sampling Techniques Sampling and Internet Surveys Sampling and Demographics Sample Composition and Bias Sample Size in Quantitative Studies 235 239 243 248 251 254 258 261 265 269 273 276 PART 7 Analyzing Quantitative Data 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 281 Descriptive Statistics The Mean and StandardDeviation Median and Range Mode and Frequency Describing Bivariate Data Inferential Statistics Statistical Tests for ComparingGroups Regression Basics Normal Distribution Statistical Significance Statistics for Effect Size Practical Significance of Results 285 289 293 297 304 311 318 326 330 336 341 347 PART 8 Qualitative Research 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 Decisions in Qualitative Research Design Generating Qualitative Questions Collecting Qualitative Data Mixing Collection and Analysis: Grounded Theory Qualitative Coding Processes and Techniques Assessing Quality in Qualitative Research 351 ‘ 355 361 365 369 373 379 vii
CONTENTS 8.0 7 Recruiting Participants for QualitativeStudies 8.0 8 Sample Size and Diversity in QualitativeResearch 8.0 9 Designing Interviews 8.10 Conducting Interviews 8.11 Planning Focus Group Facilitation 8.12 Observation and Ethnography 8.13 Designing Case Study Research 8.14 Mixed-Methods Designs 383 388 392 397 403 407 410 414 PART 9 Writing about Research 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 Introduction to Style Guides Writing the Introduction Writing the Literature Review Presenting a Critical Assessmentof the Literature How to Use Citations Describing Quantitative Methods Describing Qualitative Methods Describing Participants Describing Measures Reporting Quantitative Research Results Reporting Qualitative Research Results Writing the Discussion Revision/Putting It All Together Writing the Abstract 419 421 425 429 435 438 441 444 448 452 456 459 463 466 468 Appendices 471 A В C D E F 473 477 481 487 493 499 Databases for Locating Literature Online Sources of Statistics and Data Literature Review Excerpts Sample Abstracts of Research Reports Introduction to APA Style Introduction to ASA Style Index viii 505 |
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spellingShingle | Newhart, Michelle Patten, Mildred L. Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials Research Methodology Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd |
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title | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials |
title_auth | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials |
title_exact_search | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials |
title_exact_search_txtP | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials |
title_full | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials Michelle Newhart, Mildred L. Patten |
title_fullStr | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials Michelle Newhart, Mildred L. Patten |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding research methods an overview of the essentials Michelle Newhart, Mildred L. Patten |
title_short | Understanding research methods |
title_sort | understanding research methods an overview of the essentials |
title_sub | an overview of the essentials |
topic | Research Methodology Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Research Methodology Methode Forschung Lehrbuch |
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