Goldwater v. Carter: foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy
"Goldwater v. Carter tells the story of the Supreme Court decision to uphold President Jimmy Carter's unilateral decision to nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan), thereby enabling the United States to establish relations with the People's...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Lawrence, Kansas
University Press of Kansas
[2023]
|
Schriftenreihe: | Landmark law cases and American society
|
Schlagworte: | |
Zusammenfassung: | "Goldwater v. Carter tells the story of the Supreme Court decision to uphold President Jimmy Carter's unilateral decision to nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan), thereby enabling the United States to establish relations with the People's Republic of China. Senator (and former presidential candidate) Barry Goldwater and other members of Congress brought a lawsuit against Carter, arguing that Carter needed Senate approval to take this action. Goldwater claimed that if Carter could withdraw from the treaty with Taiwan, then another president could theoretically withdraw from NATO, thereby endangering the global political order. Ironically, years later, this very threat was posed by President Donald Trump, who stood in the mold of Goldwater's brand of conservativism. Joshua Kastenberg places the case of Goldwater v. Carter in the larger context of executive power. While presidential power had increased in the wake of FDR's New Deal, Congress curbed this expansion of executive branch authority as a result of the Vietnam conflict, placing restrictions on the presidency in areas of foreign policy and national security that had not been seen since the defeat of the League of Nations in the Senate in 1919. The Court's decision in favor of Carter, however, marked a return to the growth of the "imperial presidency," which has since only continued to expand"-- |
Beschreibung: | x, 214 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9780700635467 9780700635474 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV049322272 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20231123 | ||
007 | t| | ||
008 | 230911s2023 xx b||| 00||| eng d | ||
020 | |a 9780700635467 |c (cloth) |9 978-0-7006-3546-7 | ||
020 | |a 9780700635474 |c (paperback) |9 978-0-7006-3547-4 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1401202770 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV049322272 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-188 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 342.730412 | |
100 | 1 | |a Kastenberg, Joshua E. |d 1967- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1165525585 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Goldwater v. Carter |b foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |c Joshua E. Kastenberg |
264 | 1 | |a Lawrence, Kansas |b University Press of Kansas |c [2023] | |
300 | |a x, 214 Seiten | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Landmark law cases and American society | |
505 | 8 | |a Introduction -- President Carter, China, and the coming clash in the court -- Goldwater's Congressional allies and Carter's tepid supporters -- In the Court of Oliver Gasch -- The Court of Appeals, the merits of the case, and conflict with Iran -- In the Supreme Court : the political doctrine question -- Aftermath -- Chronology | |
520 | 3 | |a "Goldwater v. Carter tells the story of the Supreme Court decision to uphold President Jimmy Carter's unilateral decision to nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan), thereby enabling the United States to establish relations with the People's Republic of China. Senator (and former presidential candidate) Barry Goldwater and other members of Congress brought a lawsuit against Carter, arguing that Carter needed Senate approval to take this action. Goldwater claimed that if Carter could withdraw from the treaty with Taiwan, then another president could theoretically withdraw from NATO, thereby endangering the global political order. Ironically, years later, this very threat was posed by President Donald Trump, who stood in the mold of Goldwater's brand of conservativism. Joshua Kastenberg places the case of Goldwater v. Carter in the larger context of executive power. While presidential power had increased in the wake of FDR's New Deal, Congress curbed this expansion of executive branch authority as a result of the Vietnam conflict, placing restrictions on the presidency in areas of foreign policy and national security that had not been seen since the defeat of the League of Nations in the Senate in 1919. The Court's decision in favor of Carter, however, marked a return to the growth of the "imperial presidency," which has since only continued to expand"-- | |
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Carter, Jimmy |d 1924-2024 |0 (DE-588)118519336 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Goldwater, Barry M. |d 1909-1998 |0 (DE-588)118696246 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1977-1981 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Auslandsbeziehungen |0 (DE-588)4272415-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Vollziehende Gewalt |0 (DE-588)4131719-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 7 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
651 | 7 | |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
651 | 7 | |a Taiwan |0 (DE-588)4017875-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
653 | 0 | |a Treaty-making power / United States | |
653 | 0 | |a Executive power / United States | |
653 | 2 | |a United States / Foreign relations / Treaties | |
653 | 0 | |a Treaties / Termination | |
653 | 2 | |a United States / Foreign relations / China | |
653 | 2 | |a United States / Foreign relations / Taiwan | |
653 | 2 | |a United States / Politics and government / 1977-1981 | |
653 | |a Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China / (1954 December 2) | ||
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Vollziehende Gewalt |0 (DE-588)4131719-1 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |D g |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1977-1981 |A z |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Taiwan |0 (DE-588)4017875-4 |D g |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Auslandsbeziehungen |0 (DE-588)4272415-6 |D s |
689 | 0 | 5 | |a Carter, Jimmy |d 1924-2024 |0 (DE-588)118519336 |D p |
689 | 0 | 6 | |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |D g |
689 | 0 | 7 | |a Goldwater, Barry M. |d 1909-1998 |0 (DE-588)118696246 |D p |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-188 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |a Kastenberg, Joshua E., 1967- |t Goldwater v. Carter |d Lawrence, Kansas : University Press of Kansas, 2023 |z 978-0-7006-3548-1 |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034583199 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1819817506818228224 |
---|---|
adam_text | |
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
author | Kastenberg, Joshua E. 1967- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1165525585 |
author_facet | Kastenberg, Joshua E. 1967- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Kastenberg, Joshua E. 1967- |
author_variant | j e k je jek |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV049322272 |
contents | Introduction -- President Carter, China, and the coming clash in the court -- Goldwater's Congressional allies and Carter's tepid supporters -- In the Court of Oliver Gasch -- The Court of Appeals, the merits of the case, and conflict with Iran -- In the Supreme Court : the political doctrine question -- Aftermath -- Chronology |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1401202770 (DE-599)BVBBV049322272 |
dewey-full | 342.730412 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 342 - Constitutional and administrative law |
dewey-raw | 342.730412 |
dewey-search | 342.730412 |
dewey-sort | 3342.730412 |
dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
era | Geschichte 1977-1981 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1977-1981 |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049322272</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231123</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230911s2023 xx b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780700635467</subfield><subfield code="c">(cloth)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-7006-3546-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780700635474</subfield><subfield code="c">(paperback)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-7006-3547-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1401202770</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049322272</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">342.730412</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kastenberg, Joshua E.</subfield><subfield code="d">1967-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1165525585</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Goldwater v. Carter</subfield><subfield code="b">foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy</subfield><subfield code="c">Joshua E. Kastenberg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Lawrence, Kansas</subfield><subfield code="b">University Press of Kansas</subfield><subfield code="c">[2023]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">x, 214 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Landmark law cases and American society</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Introduction -- President Carter, China, and the coming clash in the court -- Goldwater's Congressional allies and Carter's tepid supporters -- In the Court of Oliver Gasch -- The Court of Appeals, the merits of the case, and conflict with Iran -- In the Supreme Court : the political doctrine question -- Aftermath -- Chronology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Goldwater v. Carter tells the story of the Supreme Court decision to uphold President Jimmy Carter's unilateral decision to nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan), thereby enabling the United States to establish relations with the People's Republic of China. Senator (and former presidential candidate) Barry Goldwater and other members of Congress brought a lawsuit against Carter, arguing that Carter needed Senate approval to take this action. Goldwater claimed that if Carter could withdraw from the treaty with Taiwan, then another president could theoretically withdraw from NATO, thereby endangering the global political order. Ironically, years later, this very threat was posed by President Donald Trump, who stood in the mold of Goldwater's brand of conservativism. Joshua Kastenberg places the case of Goldwater v. Carter in the larger context of executive power. While presidential power had increased in the wake of FDR's New Deal, Congress curbed this expansion of executive branch authority as a result of the Vietnam conflict, placing restrictions on the presidency in areas of foreign policy and national security that had not been seen since the defeat of the League of Nations in the Senate in 1919. The Court's decision in favor of Carter, however, marked a return to the growth of the "imperial presidency," which has since only continued to expand"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Carter, Jimmy</subfield><subfield code="d">1924-2024</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118519336</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Goldwater, Barry M.</subfield><subfield code="d">1909-1998</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118696246</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1977-1981</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Auslandsbeziehungen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4272415-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Vollziehende Gewalt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4131719-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Taiwan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4017875-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Treaty-making power / United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Executive power / United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States / Foreign relations / Treaties</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Treaties / Termination</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States / Foreign relations / China</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States / Foreign relations / Taiwan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States / Politics and government / 1977-1981</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China / (1954 December 2)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Vollziehende Gewalt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4131719-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1977-1981</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Taiwan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4017875-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Auslandsbeziehungen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4272415-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Carter, Jimmy</subfield><subfield code="d">1924-2024</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118519336</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="6"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Goldwater, Barry M.</subfield><subfield code="d">1909-1998</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118696246</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Kastenberg, Joshua E., 1967-</subfield><subfield code="t">Goldwater v. Carter</subfield><subfield code="d">Lawrence, Kansas : University Press of Kansas, 2023</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-7006-3548-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034583199</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Taiwan (DE-588)4017875-4 gnd |
geographic_facet | USA China Taiwan |
id | DE-604.BV049322272 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T22:43:25Z |
indexdate | 2024-12-29T23:00:16Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780700635467 9780700635474 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034583199 |
oclc_num | 1401202770 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-188 |
physical | x, 214 Seiten |
publishDate | 2023 |
publishDateSearch | 2023 |
publishDateSort | 2023 |
publisher | University Press of Kansas |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Landmark law cases and American society |
spelling | Kastenberg, Joshua E. 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1165525585 aut Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy Joshua E. Kastenberg Lawrence, Kansas University Press of Kansas [2023] x, 214 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Landmark law cases and American society Introduction -- President Carter, China, and the coming clash in the court -- Goldwater's Congressional allies and Carter's tepid supporters -- In the Court of Oliver Gasch -- The Court of Appeals, the merits of the case, and conflict with Iran -- In the Supreme Court : the political doctrine question -- Aftermath -- Chronology "Goldwater v. Carter tells the story of the Supreme Court decision to uphold President Jimmy Carter's unilateral decision to nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan), thereby enabling the United States to establish relations with the People's Republic of China. Senator (and former presidential candidate) Barry Goldwater and other members of Congress brought a lawsuit against Carter, arguing that Carter needed Senate approval to take this action. Goldwater claimed that if Carter could withdraw from the treaty with Taiwan, then another president could theoretically withdraw from NATO, thereby endangering the global political order. Ironically, years later, this very threat was posed by President Donald Trump, who stood in the mold of Goldwater's brand of conservativism. Joshua Kastenberg places the case of Goldwater v. Carter in the larger context of executive power. While presidential power had increased in the wake of FDR's New Deal, Congress curbed this expansion of executive branch authority as a result of the Vietnam conflict, placing restrictions on the presidency in areas of foreign policy and national security that had not been seen since the defeat of the League of Nations in the Senate in 1919. The Court's decision in favor of Carter, however, marked a return to the growth of the "imperial presidency," which has since only continued to expand"-- Carter, Jimmy 1924-2024 (DE-588)118519336 gnd rswk-swf Goldwater, Barry M. 1909-1998 (DE-588)118696246 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1977-1981 gnd rswk-swf Auslandsbeziehungen (DE-588)4272415-6 gnd rswk-swf Vollziehende Gewalt (DE-588)4131719-1 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Taiwan (DE-588)4017875-4 gnd rswk-swf Treaty-making power / United States Executive power / United States United States / Foreign relations / Treaties Treaties / Termination United States / Foreign relations / China United States / Foreign relations / Taiwan United States / Politics and government / 1977-1981 Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China / (1954 December 2) Vollziehende Gewalt (DE-588)4131719-1 s USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Geschichte 1977-1981 z Taiwan (DE-588)4017875-4 g Auslandsbeziehungen (DE-588)4272415-6 s Carter, Jimmy 1924-2024 (DE-588)118519336 p China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Goldwater, Barry M. 1909-1998 (DE-588)118696246 p DE-188 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Kastenberg, Joshua E., 1967- Goldwater v. Carter Lawrence, Kansas : University Press of Kansas, 2023 978-0-7006-3548-1 |
spellingShingle | Kastenberg, Joshua E. 1967- Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy Introduction -- President Carter, China, and the coming clash in the court -- Goldwater's Congressional allies and Carter's tepid supporters -- In the Court of Oliver Gasch -- The Court of Appeals, the merits of the case, and conflict with Iran -- In the Supreme Court : the political doctrine question -- Aftermath -- Chronology Carter, Jimmy 1924-2024 (DE-588)118519336 gnd Goldwater, Barry M. 1909-1998 (DE-588)118696246 gnd Auslandsbeziehungen (DE-588)4272415-6 gnd Vollziehende Gewalt (DE-588)4131719-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)118519336 (DE-588)118696246 (DE-588)4272415-6 (DE-588)4131719-1 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4017875-4 |
title | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
title_auth | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
title_exact_search | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
title_exact_search_txtP | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
title_full | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy Joshua E. Kastenberg |
title_fullStr | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy Joshua E. Kastenberg |
title_full_unstemmed | Goldwater v. Carter foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy Joshua E. Kastenberg |
title_short | Goldwater v. Carter |
title_sort | goldwater v carter foreign policy china and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
title_sub | foreign policy, China, and the resurgence of executive branch primacy |
topic | Carter, Jimmy 1924-2024 (DE-588)118519336 gnd Goldwater, Barry M. 1909-1998 (DE-588)118696246 gnd Auslandsbeziehungen (DE-588)4272415-6 gnd Vollziehende Gewalt (DE-588)4131719-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Carter, Jimmy 1924-2024 Goldwater, Barry M. 1909-1998 Auslandsbeziehungen Vollziehende Gewalt USA China Taiwan |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kastenbergjoshuae goldwatervcarterforeignpolicychinaandtheresurgenceofexecutivebranchprimacy |