Polymer chemistry:
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[2023]
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| 100 | 1 | |a Koltzenburg, Sebastian |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1043791507 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Polymere: Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Polymer chemistry |c Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer |c [2023] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2023 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 634 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 24 cm x 16.8 cm | ||
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| 653 | |a Polymer Analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer Chemistry textbook | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer Physics | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer Synthesis | ||
| 653 | |a Polymer science textbook | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Nuyken, Oskar |d 1939- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1043792198 |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
IX
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
AND
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
1
1.1
POLYMERS:
UNIQUE
MATERIALS.
2
1.2
DEFINITION
OF
TERMINOLOGY
AND
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
4
1.2.1
FUNDAMENTALS
.
4
1.2.2
POLYREACTIONS
.
5
1.2.3
NOMENCLATURE
OF
POLYMERS
.
7
1.3
POLYMER
ARCHITECTURES
.
8
1.3.1
LINEAR
AND
BRANCHED
MACROMOLECULES
.
8
1.3.2
ISOMERISM
IN
POLYMERS
.
10
1.3.3
COPOLYMERS
.
14
REFERENCES
.
16
2
POLYMERS
IN
SOLUTION
.
17
2.1
CHAIN
MODELS
.
18
2.2
CHAIN
STIFFNESS
.
23
2.3
ENTROPY
ELASTICITY
.
25
2.4
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
POLYMER
SOLUTIONS
.
26
2.4.1
IDEAL
AND
REAL
SOLUTIONS
.
26
REFERENCES
.
37
3
POLYMER
ANALYSIS:
MOLAR
MASS
DETERMINATION
.
39
3.1
DEFINITION
OF
MOLAR
MASS
PARAMETERS
.
40
3.2
ABSOLUTE
METHODS
.
44
3.2.1
END
GROUP
ANALYSIS
.
44
3.2.2
COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTIES.
45
3.2.3
MEMBRANE
OSMOMETRY
.
48
3.2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
OSMOMETRY
.
51
3.2.5
ULTRACENTRIFUGE
.
52
3.2.6
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
58
3.2.7
STATIC
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
59
3.2.8
DYNAMIC
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
77
3.2.9
MALDI-TOF-MS
.
77
3.3
RELATIVE
METHODS.
82
3.3.1
VISCOMETRY
.
82
3.3.2
SIZE
EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
(SEC)
.
86
REFERENCES
.
92
4
POLYMERS
IN
SOLID
STATE
.
93
4.1
PHASE
TRANSITIONS
IN
POLYMERIC
SOLIDS.
95
4.2
METHODS
FOR
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
T.
AND
.
97
4.2.1
STATIC
PROCEDURES
.
97
4.2.2
DYNAMIC
PROCEDURES.
98
REFERENCE
.
103
X
CONTENTS
5
PARTIALLY
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
105
5.1
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
MELTING
TEMPERATURE
.
106
5.1.1
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
CONDITIONS
FOR
CRYSTALLIZATION
.
106
5.1.2
INFLUENCE
OF
CHAIN
FLEXIBILITY
.
107
5.1.3
INFLUENCE
OF
CHAIN
SYMMETRY
.
108
5.1.4
INFLUENCE
OF
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
THE
CHAINS
.
108
5.1.5
INFLUENCE
OF
TACTICITY
.
109
5.1.6
INFLUENCE
OF
BRANCHING
.
109
5.1.7
INFLUENCE
OF
MOLAR
MASS
.
110
5.1.8
COMONOMERS
.
111
5.2
MORPHOLOGY
OF
PARTIALLY
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
113
5.3
CRYSTALLIZATION
KINETICS
.
115
REFERENCES
.
117
6
AMORPHOUS
POLYMERS
.
119
6.1
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
AMORPHOUS
POLYMERS
ON
TEMPERATURE
.
120
6.2
AMORPHOUS
STATE
.
121
6.3
GLASS
TRANSITION.
122
6.4
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
THE
GLASS
TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE
.
123
6.4.1
CHAIN
FLEXIBILITY
.
123
6.4.2
STERIC
EFFECTS/SUBSTITUENTS
.
123
6.4.3
TACTICITY,
BRANCHING/CROSS-LINKING,
AND
MOLAR
MASS
.
125
6.4.4
PLASTICIZERS
.
126
6.5
RHEOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
POLYMER
MELTS
.
127
6.5.1
NEWTONIAN
FLUID
.
127
6.5.2
NON-NEWTONIAN
FLUIDS
.
128
6.5.3
PROCESS
OF
REPTATION
.
129
6.6
VISCOELASTICITY
.
132
6.6.1
INFLUENCE
OF
TIME
ON
THE
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
.
132
6.6.2
THE
MAXWELL
APPROACH
.
134
6.6.3
VOIGT-KELVIN
MODEL
.
135
6.6.4
THE
BURGERS
MODEL
.
137
REFERENCES
.
139
7
POLYMERS
AS
MATERIALS
.
141
7.1
FRACTURE
BEHAVIOR
.
142
7.2
TAILOR-MADE
PLASTICS
.
144
7.2.1
MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
.
144
7.2.2
OPTICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
149
7.2.3
MATERIALS
FOR
LIGHTWEIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
.
150
7.2.4
HIGH-TEMPERATURE
MATERIALS
.
151
7.3
CROSS-LINKED
MATERIALS
.
154
7.3.1
STRUCTURE
AND
APPLICATION
OF
NETWORKS
.
154
XI
CONTENTS
7.3.2
MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
NETWORKS
.
154
7.3.3
NETWORK
SYNTHESIS
.
156
7.4
TYPICAL
CROSS-LINKING
REACTIONS
.
156
7.4.1
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
MONOMERS
.
156
7.4.2
REACTION
OF
MONOMER
AND
POLYMER
.
157
7.5
POLYMER
ADDITIVES.
158
7.5.1
TECHNOLOGICAL
REQUIREMENTS
ON
POLYMER
ADDITIVES
.
158
7.5.2
FUNCTION
OF
SELECTED
ADDITIVES
.
159
7.5.3
WHITE
CARBON
BLACK.
159
REFERENCES
.
161
8
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
163
8.1
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
STEP-GROWTH
AND
CHAIN-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS
.
165
8.2
MOLAR
MASS,
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION,
AND
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
.
1
67
8.2.1
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
AND
MOLAR
MASS
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS
.
167
8.2.2
THE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
CONVERSION
ON
THE
EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT
K
.
171
8.2.3
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
172
8.3
LINEAR,
BRANCHING,
AND
CROSS-LINKING
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS.
175
8.3.1
MONOMERS
WITH
TWO
DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
175
8.3.2
REACTION
OF
TWO
DIFFERENT
MONOMERS
EACH
HAVING
TWO
IDENTICAL
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
176
8.3.3
POLYMERS
FROM
AXB-MONOMERS
(X
2)
.
176
8.3.4
CROSS-LINKING
.
178
8.4
KINETICS
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION.
181
8.5
TYPICAL
POLYCONDENSATES
.
1
86
8.5.1
POLYESTERS
.
186
8.5.2
POLYCARBONATES
(PC)
.
187
8.5.3
POLYESTERCARBONATE
(PEC)
.
188
8.5.4
ALIPHATIC
POLYAMIDES
(PA)
.
188
8.5.5
PARTIALLY
AROMATIC
AND
AROMATIC
POLYAMIDES
AND
POLYIMIDES
.
191
8.5.6
POLYMERS
OF
ISOCYANATES
.
193
8.5.7
POLYSILOXANES
.
194
8.5.8
SELECTED
SPECIALTY
POLYMERS
.
195
8.5.9
POLYALKYLENE
POLYSULFIDES
.
196
8.5.10
POLY(ARYLENE
SULFIDES).
196
8.5.11
POLYSULFONES
.
196
8.5.12
POLY(ETHER
KETONES)
.
197
8.5.13
POLY(PHENYLENE
OXIDES)
.
198
8.6
INDUSTRIALLY
RELEVANT
CROSS-LINKING
SYSTEMS
.
198
8.6.1
PHENOLIC
RESINS
.
198
8.6.2
UREA
RESINS
.
200
8.6.3
MELAMINE
RESINS
.
201
8.6.4
EPOXY
RESINS
.
201
REFERENCES
.
204
XII
CONTENTS
9
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
.
205
9.1
MECHANISM
.
207
9.1.1
TYPICAL
MONOMERS
.
208
9.1.2
RADICAL
SOURCES
.
208
9.2
KINETICS
OF
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION.
210
9.2.1
BASIC
PROCESSES
.
211
9.2.2
R
AND
P
ARE
EQUALLY
REACTIVE
.
211
9.2.3
REACTIVITIES
OF
R
AND
P
ARE
DIFFERENT
.
213
9.2.4
CAGE
EFFECT
.
215
9.2.5
CAGE
RADICALS
.
215
9.2.6
FREE
RADICALS
R
'
IEE:
FORMATION
AND
REACTION
.
216
9.2.7
POLYMER
RADICALS
P:
FATE
AND
DEFINITION
OF
THE
OVERALL
REACTION
RATE
.
216
9.2.8
EXPERIMENTAL
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
217
9.2.9
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
OVERALL
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
218
9.3
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
219
9.3.1
KINETIC
CHAIN
LENGTH
AND
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
220
9.3.2
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
221
9.3.3
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
221
9.3.4
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
221
9.3.5
REGULATION
OF
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
BY
TRANSFER
.
222
9.3.6
TRANSFER
TO
MONOMER
.
222
9.3.7
TRANSFER
TO
SOLVENT
.
225
9.3.8
TRANSFER
TO
POLYMER
.
226
9.4
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION.
227
9.4.1
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
RESULTING
FROM
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
227
9.4.2
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
WITH
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
229
9.4.3
AVERAGE
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
AND
POLYDISPERSITY
.
230
9.4.4
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
231
9.4.5
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
232
9.5
CONTROLLED
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(CRP)
.
233
9.5.1
COMPARISON
OF
LIVING
AND
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
.
233
9.5.2
DISSOCIATION-COMBINATION-MECHANISM
.
236
9.5.3
BIMOLECULAR
ACTIVATION
(ATOM
TRANSFER
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION,
ATRP)
.
237
9.5.4
DEGENERATIVE
TRANSFER
(RAFT)
.
239
9.5.5
COMPARISON
OF
NMP,
ATRP,
AND
RAFT
.
240
9.5.6
POLYMERIZATION
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
1,1
-DIPHENYLETHYLENE
(DPE-METHOD).
241
9.5.7
RECENT
ADVANCES
IN
ATOM
TRANSFER
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(ATRP)
.
241
REFERENCES
.
245
10
IONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
247
10.1
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION.
249
10.1.1
REACTION
MECHANISM
.
250
10.1.2
INITIATORS
.
251
10.1.3
BRONSTED
ACIDS
.
251
10.1.4
LEWIS
ACIDS
.
253
10.1.5
CHAIN-GROWTH
DURING
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
254
10.1.6
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
255
10.1.7
TRANSFER
REACTIONS
.
256
XIII
CONTENTS
10.1.8
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
.
257
10.1.9
LIVING
AND
CONTROLLED
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
258
10.1.10
KINETICS
OF
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
262
10.1.11
RATE
OF
MONOMER
CONVERSION
DURING
IBVE
POLYMERIZATION
.
262
10.1.12
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
SOLVENT
AND
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
COINITIATOR
ON
THE
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
OF
IBVE
.
264
10.2
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION.
265
10.2.1
REACTION
MECHANISM.
266
10.2.2
INITIATION
.
266
10.2.3
NUCLEOPHILIC
INITIATORS
.
267
10.2.4
ELECTRON
TRANSFER.
267
10.2.5
GROUP
TRANSFER
POLYMERIZATION
.
269
10.2.6
POLYAMIDES
FROM
LACTAMS,
LEUCH
'
S
ANHYDRIDE
OR
ACRYLAMIDE
.
270
10.2.7
BI-AND
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
INITIATORS
.
271
10.2.8
ROLE
OF
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
AND
REAGENTS
IN
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
273
10.2.9
POLYMERIZATION
WITHOUT
TERMINATION
.
273
10.2.10
TERMINATION
BY
CONTAMINATION
AND
DELIBERATELY
ADDED
REAGENTS
.
273
10.2.11
HYDRIDE
ELIMINATION
.
274
10.2.12
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
DURING
THE
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
OF
METHYL
METHACRYLATE
.
274
10.2.13
KINETICS
OF
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
276
10.2.14
POLYMERIZATION
WITHOUT
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
276
10.2.15
COMPETITIVE
GROWTH
OF
TWO
DIFFERENT
SPECIES.
278
10.2.16
POLYMERIZATION
IN
NON-POLAR
SOLVENTS
.
281
10.2.17
CEILING
TEMPERATURE
.
282
10.2.18
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
FROM
AN
IDEAL
(LIVING)
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION:
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
.
285
REFERENCES
.
293
11
COORDINATION
POLYMERIZATION
.
295
11.1
POLYMERIZATION
OF
.
297
11.2
ZIEGLER
CATALYSTS
.
298
11.2.1
INITIATION
.
299
11.2.2
GROWTH
.
300
11.2.3
CHAIN
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
300
11.3
HOMOGENEOUS POLYMERIZATION
CATALYSTS
.
303
11.3.1
CATALYSTS
FOR
ISOTACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
306
11.3.2
CATALYSTS
FOR
SYNDIOTACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
307
11.3.3
CATALYSTSFOR
ATACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
308
11.4
CATALYSTS
MADE
FROM
LATE
TRANSITION
METALS
.
3
1
0
11.5
TECHNICAL
PROCESSES
.
311
11.5.1
SUPPORTS
FOR
ZIEGLER
CATALYSTS
.
311
11.5.2
OPTIMIZATION
OF
STEREOSELECTIVITY
OF
HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSTS
.
312
11.5.3
CONTROL
OF
PARTICLE
MORPHOLOGY
.
312
11.5.4
TAILOR-MADE
POLYOLEFINS
.
313
11.6
CYCLOOLEFIN
COPOLYMERS
.
313
11.7
OLEFIN
METATHESIS
.
315
11.7.1
METATHESIS
MECHANISM
.
315
11.7.2
METATHESIS
CATALYSTS
.
315
XIV
CONTENTS
11.7.3
METATHESIS
REACTIONS.
318
11.8
COPOLYMERIZATION
WITH
POLAR
COMONOMERS
.
321
11.8.1
OLEFIN-CO
COPOLYMERS
.
322
11.8.2
COPOLYMERS
FROM
EPOXIDES
AND
CARBON
OXIDES
.
323
REFERENCES
.
323
12
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
.
325
12.1
GENERAL
FEATURES
.
326
12.2
RADICAL
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
.
328
12.2.1
VINYL-SUBSTITUTED
CYCLIC
COMPOUNDS
.
328
12.2.2
METHYLENE-SUBSTITUTED
CYCLIC
COMPOUNDS
.
328
12.2.3
DOUBLE
RING-OPENING
.
330
12.3
CATIONIC
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION.
331
12.3.1
INITIATION
.
331
12.3.2
BRONSTED
ACIDS
.
331
12.3.3
CARBENIUM
IONS
.
332
12.3.4
ONIUM
IONS
.
333
12.3.5
COVALENT
INITIATORS
.
333
12.3.6
LEWIS
ACIDS
.
333
12.3.7
PHOTOINITIATORS
.
334
12.3.8
HETEROLYSIS
.
334
12.3.9
HOMOLYSIS
.
335
12.3.10
CHAIN
GROWTH
.
336
12.3.11
TERMINATION
.
338
12.4
ANIONIC
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION.
339
12.4.1
INITIATORS
.
340
12.4.2
GROWTH
.
340
12.4.3
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
343
12.5
RING-OPENING
METATHESIS
POLYMERIZATION
(ROMP)
.
344
12.6
RING-OPENING
OF
PHOSPHAZENES
.
346
REFERENCES
.
348
13
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
349
13.1
MAYO-LEWIS
EQUATION
OF
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
352
13.1.1
DEDUCTION
OF
THE
MAYO-LEWIS
EQUATION
OF
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
352
13.1.2
EXAMPLE:
STATISTICAL
COPOLYMERIZATION
OF
STYRENE
AND
ACRYLONITRILE
.
355
13.2
COPOLYMERIZATION
DIAGRAMS
AND
COPOLYMERIZATION
PARAMETERS
.
356
13.3
ALTERNATING
COPOLYMERIZATION.
359
13.4
IDEAL
COPOLYMERIZATION.
360
13.5
INFLUENCING
THE
INCLUSION
RATIO
OF
THE
MONOMERS
.
361
13.6
EXPERIMENTAL
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
COPOLYMERIZATION
PARAMETERS
.
362
13.7
THE
Q,E
SCHEME
OF
ALFREY
AND
PRICE
.
365
13.8
COPOLYMERIZATION
RATE
.
367
13.9
BLOCK
AND
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS
.
370
13.9.1
BLOCK
COPOLYMERS
.
370
13.9.2
BLOCK
COPOLYMERS
BY
CONTROLLED
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(CRP)
.
370
XV
CONTENTS
13.9.3
END
GROUP
FUNCTIONALIZED
POLYMERS
.
371
13.9.4
POLYMER
INITIATORS
.
372
13.9.5
CHANGE
OF
MECHANISM
.
373
13.9.6
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS
.
374
13.9.7
GRAFTING
ONTO
.
374
13.9.8
GRAFTING
FROM
.
374
13.9.9
MACROMONOMER
METHOD
.
377
13.10
TECHNICALLY
IMPORTANT
COPOLYMERS
.
378
13.11
STRUCTURAL
ELUCIDATION
OF
STATISTICAL
COPOLYMERS,
BLOCK
AND
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS.
379
REFERENCES
.
380
14
IMPORTANT
POLYMERS
PRODUCED
BY
CHAIN-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
381
14.1
POLYETHENE
.
383
14.1.1
PROPERTIES
.
383
14.1.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
.
383
14.1.3
HIGH-PRESSURE
PROCESS
.
384
14.1.4
LOW-PRESSURE
PROCESS
.
384
14.1.5
MODIFIED
ETHENE
POLYMERS
.
385
14.1.6
ETHENE
COPOLYMERS
WITH
NON-POLAR
COMONOMERS
.
385
14.1.7
POLAR
ETHENE
COPOLYMERS
.
385
14.1.8
CROSS-LINKING
OF
POLYETHENE
(PE-X)
.
386
14.2
POLYPROPENE
(PP)
.
387
14.2.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
387
14.2.2
PROPENE
COPOLYMERS
AND
BLENDS
.
389
14.3
POLYISOBUTENE
(PIB)
.
389
14.3.1
PROPERTIES
.
390
14.3.2
MANUFACTURING
.
390
14.3.3
BUTYL
RUBBER
.
390
14.4
POLY(VINYL
CHLORIDE)
.
391
14.4.1
PROPERTIES
AND
USES
.
391
14.4.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
OF
PVC
.
392
14.4.3
COPOLYMERS
.
393
14.4.4
SOFT
PVC
.
393
14.5
POLYSTYRENE
(PS)
.
393
14.5.1
PROPERTIES
AND
APPLICATIONS
.
394
14.6
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
FOR
PS
.
394
14.6.1
ATACTIC
POLYSTYRENE
.
394
14.6.2
STEREO-REGULAR
POLYSTYRENES.
394
14.6.3
COPOLYMERS
AND
BLENDS
.
395
14.6.4
STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE
COPOLYMERS
(SAN)
.
395
14.6.5
IMPACT
MODIFIED
PS
.
395
14.6.6
ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE
COPOLYMERS
(ABS)
.
396
14.6.7
BLENDS
.
397
14.7
POLY(METHYL
METHACRYLATE)
(PMMA)
.
398
14.7.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURE
.
398
14.7.2
COPOLYMERS
OF
METHYL
METHACRYLATE
.
398
XVI
CONTENTS
14.8
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
.
398
14.8.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
399
14.8.2
CARBON
FIBERS
(C-FIBERS)
.
399
14.9
POLYOXYMETHYLENE
(POM).
400
14.9.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
400
14.10
POLY(TETRAFLUORO
ETHENE)
(PTFE)
.
401
14.10.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
401
14.10.2
THERMOPLASTICALLY
PROCESSABLE
FLUOROPLASTICS
.
402
14.11
POLYDIENES
.
402
14.11.1
GENERAL
OVERVIEW
.
402
14.11.2
POLYBUTADIENE
.
403
14.11.3
POLYISOPRENE
.
404
14.11.4
POLYCHLOROPRENE
.
405
15
CHEMISTRY
WITH
POLYMERS
.
407
15.1
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
408
15.1.1
SPECIAL
KINETIC
FEATURES
OF
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
409
15.1.2
INTRA
VS.
INTERMOLECULAR
REACTIONS
.
410
15.1.3
TECHNICALLY
SIGNIFICANT
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
411
15.2
CROSS-LINKING
REACTIONS
.
413
15.2.1
CROSS-LINKING
OF
POLYOLEFINS
.
413
15.2.2
VULCANIZATION
OF
RUBBER
.
413
15.2.3
PHOTORESISTS
.
414
15.2.4
COATINGS
.
417
15.2.5
THERMOREVERSIBLE
CROSS-LINKING:
IONOMERS
.
418
15.3
DEGRADATION
PROCESSES
IN
POLYMERIC
MATERIALS
.
419
15.3.1
DEGRADATION
MECHANISMS
.
421
15.3.2
STABILIZATION
OF
POLYMERS
.
421
15.3.3
PRIMARY
ANTIOXIDANTS
.
422
REFERENCES
.
425
16
INDUSTRIALLY
RELEVANT
POLYMERIZATION
PROCESSES
.
427
16.1
OVERVIEW
.
428
16.2
POLYMERIZATION
IN
BULK
.
429
16.3
SOLUTION
AND
PRECIPITATION
POLYMERIZATION.
430
16.4
SUSPENSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
431
16.5
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION.
433
16.5.1
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
EMULSION
AND
SUSPENSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
433
16.5.2
MODE
OF
ACTION
OF
A
SURFACTANT
.
433
16.5.3
KINETICS
OF
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
434
16.5.4
PARTICLE
FORMATION
.
435
16.5.5
PARTICLE
GROWTH
.
436
16.5.6
MONOMER
DEPLETION
.
437
16.5.7
POLYMERIZATION
RATE
AND
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
437
16.5.8
QUANTITATIVE
THEORY
OF
SMITH
AND
EWART
.
438
16.5.9
APPLICATIONS,
ADVANTAGES,
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
440
XVII
CONTENTS
16.6
MINI-EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
441
16.7
HIGH
INTERNAL
PHASE
EMULSIONS
.
442
16.8
PICKERING
EMULSIONS
.
444
REFERENCES
.
446
17
THE
BASICS
OF
PLASTICS
PROCESSING
.
447
17.1
PRIMARY
MOLDING
PROCESSES
.
448
17.1.1
FROM
THE
RAW
POLYMER
TO
AN
ARTICLE
.
449
17.1.2
EXTRUSION.
450
17.1.3
INJECTION
MOLDING
AND
REACTION
INJECTION
MOLDING
.
452
17.1.4
BLOW
MOLDING
.
457
17.1.5
CALENDERING
.
459
17.1.6
PRESSING
.
460
17.1.7
OTHER
PRIMARY
MOLDING
PROCESSES
.
461
17.2
FIBER-REINFORCED
PLASTICS
.
461
17.3
FOAMS
.
464
17.3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
FOAMED
MATERIALS
.
464
17.3.2
FOAM
PRODUCTION
.
466
17.3.3
POLYURETHANE
FOAMS
.
470
17.3.4
AEROGELS
.
472
17.4
FIBERS
.
474
17.5
FORMING
PROCESSES
.
480
17.6
JOINING
PROCESSES
.
483
17.6.1
WELDING
PROCESSES
.
483
17.6.2
GLUING
.
484
17.7
OTHER
PROCESSING
STEPS
.
486
REFERENCES
.
487
18
ELASTOMERS
.
489
18.1
PERMANENTLY
CROSS-LINKED
ELASTOMERS
.
490
18.2
PROPERTIES
.
492
18.2.1
HARDNESS
.
492
18.2.2
REBOUND
ELASTICITY
.
492
18.2.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
.
492
18.2.4
ULTIMATE
ELONGATION
.
492
18.2.5
MODULUS
OF
ELASTICITY
.
492
18.2.6
COMPRESSION
SET
.
493
18.3
ENTROPIC
ELASTICITY
.
493
18.4
ELASTOMER
ADDITIVES
.
496
18.4.1
FILLERS
.
496
18.4.2
PLASTICIZERS
.
497
18.4.3
CROSS-LINKING
AGENTS
.
497
18.4.4
ANTIOXIDANTS
.
497
18.4.5
PROCESSING
AIDS
.
497
18.5
PROCESSING
.
497
18.6
TECHNICALLY
IMPORTANT
ELASTOMER
TYPES
.
497
XVIII
CONTENTS
18.7
THERMOPLASTIC
ELASTOMERS
.
498
18.8
POLYETHER
AMIDE-1
2
ELASTOMERS
.
500
18.9
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
ELASTOMERS
.
503
19
FUNCTIONAL
POLYMERS
.
505
19.1
POLYMER
DISPERSANTS
.
509
19.1.1
STERIC
STABILIZING
OF
COLLOIDAL
SYSTEMS:
PROTECTIVE
COLLOIDS
.
510
19.1.2
APPLICATIONS
OF
POLYMER
DISPERSANTS
.
512
19.2
FLOCCULANTS
.
517
19.3
AMPHIPHILIC
SYSTEMS
FOR
SURFACE
FUNCTIONALIZATION
.
518
19.4
THICKENERS
.
520
19.5
SUPER-ABSORBENTS
.
521
19.6
POLYMERS
FOR
THE
FORMULATION
OF
ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS.
523
19.6.1
MATRIX
MATERIALS
.
523
19.6.2
COATINGS
.
523
19.6.3
DISINTEGRANTS
.
524
19.6.4
SOLUBILIZERS
.
524
19.7
SMART
POLYMERS
.
525
19.8
FUNCTIONAL
POLYMERS
IN
THE
OIL
INDUSTRY
.
525
19.8.1
FRACKING
.
527
19.8.2
WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT
.
528
19.9
SHAPE-MEMORY
POLYMERS
.
529
19.10
SELF-HEALING
POLYMERS
.
530
REFERENCES
.
531
20
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
533
20.1
THE
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
STATE
.
534
20.2
LYOTROPIC
LIQUID
CRYSTALS
.
534
20.3
THERMOTROPIC
LIQUID
CRYSTALS
.
535
20.4
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
STRUCTURES
.
536
20.5
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
MESOPHASES
.
539
20.5.1
HEAT
FLOW
CALORIMETRY
.
539
20.5.2
POLARIZATION
MICROSCOPY
.
540
20.5.3
X-RAY
DIFFRACTION
.
541
20.6
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
542
20.6.1
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
MAIN
CHAIN
POLYMERS
.
542
20.6.2
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
SIDE-CHAIN
POLYMERS
.
545
20.6.3
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
ELASTOMERS
(LCE)
.
547
20.6.4
DENDRITIC
AND
HYPERBRANCHED
POLYMERS
.
548
REFERENCES
.
549
21
POLYMERS
AND
THE
ENVIRONMENT
.
551
21.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
DEFINITIONS
.
553
21.1.1
RECOVERY
.
553
21.1.2
RECYCLING
.
553
21.2
OPTIONS
AVAILABLE
FOR
RECYCLING
PLASTICS
.
553
21.2.1
IN-PLANT
RECYCLING
.
554
XIX
CONTENTS
21.2.2
DIRECT
REUSE
.
554
21.2.3
MECHANICAL
RECYCLING
.
555
21.2.4
CHEMICAL
RECYCLING
.
557
21.3
PLASTICS
AND
ENERGY
.
557
21.3.1
ENERGY
RECOVERY
FROM
SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS
.
558
21.3.2
ENERGETIC
FOOTPRINT
OF
SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS
.
560
21.4
BIOPOLYMERS
.
561
21.4.1
POLYMERS
BASED
ON
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
.
562
21.4.2
BIOLOGICALLY
DEGRADABLE
POLYMERS
.
567
21.5
DISCUSSION
.
569
21.6
MICROPLASTIC
.
572
21.7
CONCLUSION
.
573
REFERENCES
.
574
22
SELECTED
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
POLYMER
SCIENCE
.
575
22.1
NANOCOMPOSITES
.
576
22.2
SPINNING-DISC
REACTOR
(SDR)
.
579
22.3
POLYMERS
FOR
ORGANIC
LIGHT-EMITTING
DIODES
(OLEDS)
.
581
22.4
POLYMER
MEMBRANES
FOR
FUEL
CELLS
.
586
22.5
ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING:
POLYMERS
AND
3D-PRINTING
.
590
22.6
GRAPHENE
AS
NANOFILLER
.
594
22.6.1
GRAPHENE
PRODUCTION
.
594
22.6.2
PROPERTIES
AND
USE
AS
A
NANOFILLER
.
596
22.6.3
TOXICITY
OF
GRAPHENE
.
596
22.7
MICELLAR
CATALYSIS:
IMMOBILIZATION
OF
CATALYSTS
ON
AMPHIPHILIC
POLYMERS
.
597
22.7.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
597
22.7.2
COVALENT
BOUND
CATALYSTS
COMPLEXES
.
599
22.7.3
POLYMERSOMES.
602
22.7.4
MICROCAPSULES.
603
REFERENCES
.
604
SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION
ANSWERS
.
608
INDEX
.
623 |
| adam_txt |
IX
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
AND
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
1
1.1
POLYMERS:
UNIQUE
MATERIALS.
2
1.2
DEFINITION
OF
TERMINOLOGY
AND
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
4
1.2.1
FUNDAMENTALS
.
4
1.2.2
POLYREACTIONS
.
5
1.2.3
NOMENCLATURE
OF
POLYMERS
.
7
1.3
POLYMER
ARCHITECTURES
.
8
1.3.1
LINEAR
AND
BRANCHED
MACROMOLECULES
.
8
1.3.2
ISOMERISM
IN
POLYMERS
.
10
1.3.3
COPOLYMERS
.
14
REFERENCES
.
16
2
POLYMERS
IN
SOLUTION
.
17
2.1
CHAIN
MODELS
.
18
2.2
CHAIN
STIFFNESS
.
23
2.3
ENTROPY
ELASTICITY
.
25
2.4
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
POLYMER
SOLUTIONS
.
26
2.4.1
IDEAL
AND
REAL
SOLUTIONS
.
26
REFERENCES
.
37
3
POLYMER
ANALYSIS:
MOLAR
MASS
DETERMINATION
.
39
3.1
DEFINITION
OF
MOLAR
MASS
PARAMETERS
.
40
3.2
ABSOLUTE
METHODS
.
44
3.2.1
END
GROUP
ANALYSIS
.
44
3.2.2
COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTIES.
45
3.2.3
MEMBRANE
OSMOMETRY
.
48
3.2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
OSMOMETRY
.
51
3.2.5
ULTRACENTRIFUGE
.
52
3.2.6
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
58
3.2.7
STATIC
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
59
3.2.8
DYNAMIC
LIGHT
SCATTERING
.
77
3.2.9
MALDI-TOF-MS
.
77
3.3
RELATIVE
METHODS.
82
3.3.1
VISCOMETRY
.
82
3.3.2
SIZE
EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
(SEC)
.
86
REFERENCES
.
92
4
POLYMERS
IN
SOLID
STATE
.
93
4.1
PHASE
TRANSITIONS
IN
POLYMERIC
SOLIDS.
95
4.2
METHODS
FOR
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
T.
AND
.
97
4.2.1
STATIC
PROCEDURES
.
97
4.2.2
DYNAMIC
PROCEDURES.
98
REFERENCE
.
103
X
CONTENTS
5
PARTIALLY
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
105
5.1
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
MELTING
TEMPERATURE
.
106
5.1.1
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
CONDITIONS
FOR
CRYSTALLIZATION
.
106
5.1.2
INFLUENCE
OF
CHAIN
FLEXIBILITY
.
107
5.1.3
INFLUENCE
OF
CHAIN
SYMMETRY
.
108
5.1.4
INFLUENCE
OF
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
THE
CHAINS
.
108
5.1.5
INFLUENCE
OF
TACTICITY
.
109
5.1.6
INFLUENCE
OF
BRANCHING
.
109
5.1.7
INFLUENCE
OF
MOLAR
MASS
.
110
5.1.8
COMONOMERS
.
111
5.2
MORPHOLOGY
OF
PARTIALLY
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
113
5.3
CRYSTALLIZATION
KINETICS
.
115
REFERENCES
.
117
6
AMORPHOUS
POLYMERS
.
119
6.1
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
AMORPHOUS
POLYMERS
ON
TEMPERATURE
.
120
6.2
AMORPHOUS
STATE
.
121
6.3
GLASS
TRANSITION.
122
6.4
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
THE
GLASS
TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE
.
123
6.4.1
CHAIN
FLEXIBILITY
.
123
6.4.2
STERIC
EFFECTS/SUBSTITUENTS
.
123
6.4.3
TACTICITY,
BRANCHING/CROSS-LINKING,
AND
MOLAR
MASS
.
125
6.4.4
PLASTICIZERS
.
126
6.5
RHEOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
POLYMER
MELTS
.
127
6.5.1
NEWTONIAN
FLUID
.
127
6.5.2
NON-NEWTONIAN
FLUIDS
.
128
6.5.3
PROCESS
OF
REPTATION
.
129
6.6
VISCOELASTICITY
.
132
6.6.1
INFLUENCE
OF
TIME
ON
THE
MECHANICAL
BEHAVIOR
.
132
6.6.2
THE
MAXWELL
APPROACH
.
134
6.6.3
VOIGT-KELVIN
MODEL
.
135
6.6.4
THE
BURGERS
MODEL
.
137
REFERENCES
.
139
7
POLYMERS
AS
MATERIALS
.
141
7.1
FRACTURE
BEHAVIOR
.
142
7.2
TAILOR-MADE
PLASTICS
.
144
7.2.1
MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
.
144
7.2.2
OPTICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
149
7.2.3
MATERIALS
FOR
LIGHTWEIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
.
150
7.2.4
HIGH-TEMPERATURE
MATERIALS
.
151
7.3
CROSS-LINKED
MATERIALS
.
154
7.3.1
STRUCTURE
AND
APPLICATION
OF
NETWORKS
.
154
XI
CONTENTS
7.3.2
MECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
NETWORKS
.
154
7.3.3
NETWORK
SYNTHESIS
.
156
7.4
TYPICAL
CROSS-LINKING
REACTIONS
.
156
7.4.1
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
MONOMERS
.
156
7.4.2
REACTION
OF
MONOMER
AND
POLYMER
.
157
7.5
POLYMER
ADDITIVES.
158
7.5.1
TECHNOLOGICAL
REQUIREMENTS
ON
POLYMER
ADDITIVES
.
158
7.5.2
FUNCTION
OF
SELECTED
ADDITIVES
.
159
7.5.3
WHITE
CARBON
BLACK.
159
REFERENCES
.
161
8
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
163
8.1
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
STEP-GROWTH
AND
CHAIN-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS
.
165
8.2
MOLAR
MASS,
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION,
AND
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
.
1
67
8.2.1
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
AND
MOLAR
MASS
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS
.
167
8.2.2
THE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
CONVERSION
ON
THE
EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT
K
.
171
8.2.3
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
172
8.3
LINEAR,
BRANCHING,
AND
CROSS-LINKING
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATIONS.
175
8.3.1
MONOMERS
WITH
TWO
DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
175
8.3.2
REACTION
OF
TWO
DIFFERENT
MONOMERS
EACH
HAVING
TWO
IDENTICAL
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
.
176
8.3.3
POLYMERS
FROM
AXB-MONOMERS
(X
2)
.
176
8.3.4
CROSS-LINKING
.
178
8.4
KINETICS
OF
STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION.
181
8.5
TYPICAL
POLYCONDENSATES
.
1
86
8.5.1
POLYESTERS
.
186
8.5.2
POLYCARBONATES
(PC)
.
187
8.5.3
POLYESTERCARBONATE
(PEC)
.
188
8.5.4
ALIPHATIC
POLYAMIDES
(PA)
.
188
8.5.5
PARTIALLY
AROMATIC
AND
AROMATIC
POLYAMIDES
AND
POLYIMIDES
.
191
8.5.6
POLYMERS
OF
ISOCYANATES
.
193
8.5.7
POLYSILOXANES
.
194
8.5.8
SELECTED
SPECIALTY
POLYMERS
.
195
8.5.9
POLYALKYLENE
POLYSULFIDES
.
196
8.5.10
POLY(ARYLENE
SULFIDES).
196
8.5.11
POLYSULFONES
.
196
8.5.12
POLY(ETHER
KETONES)
.
197
8.5.13
POLY(PHENYLENE
OXIDES)
.
198
8.6
INDUSTRIALLY
RELEVANT
CROSS-LINKING
SYSTEMS
.
198
8.6.1
PHENOLIC
RESINS
.
198
8.6.2
UREA
RESINS
.
200
8.6.3
MELAMINE
RESINS
.
201
8.6.4
EPOXY
RESINS
.
201
REFERENCES
.
204
XII
CONTENTS
9
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
.
205
9.1
MECHANISM
.
207
9.1.1
TYPICAL
MONOMERS
.
208
9.1.2
RADICAL
SOURCES
.
208
9.2
KINETICS
OF
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION.
210
9.2.1
BASIC
PROCESSES
.
211
9.2.2
R
AND
P
ARE
EQUALLY
REACTIVE
.
211
9.2.3
REACTIVITIES
OF
R
AND
P
ARE
DIFFERENT
.
213
9.2.4
CAGE
EFFECT
.
215
9.2.5
CAGE
RADICALS
.
215
9.2.6
FREE
RADICALS
R
'
IEE:
FORMATION
AND
REACTION
.
216
9.2.7
POLYMER
RADICALS
P:
FATE
AND
DEFINITION
OF
THE
OVERALL
REACTION
RATE
.
216
9.2.8
EXPERIMENTAL
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
217
9.2.9
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
OVERALL
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
218
9.3
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
219
9.3.1
KINETIC
CHAIN
LENGTH
AND
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
220
9.3.2
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
221
9.3.3
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
221
9.3.4
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
THE
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
221
9.3.5
REGULATION
OF
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
BY
TRANSFER
.
222
9.3.6
TRANSFER
TO
MONOMER
.
222
9.3.7
TRANSFER
TO
SOLVENT
.
225
9.3.8
TRANSFER
TO
POLYMER
.
226
9.4
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION.
227
9.4.1
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
RESULTING
FROM
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
227
9.4.2
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
WITH
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
229
9.4.3
AVERAGE
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
AND
POLYDISPERSITY
.
230
9.4.4
TERMINATION
BY
DISPROPORTIONATION
.
231
9.4.5
TERMINATION
BY
COMBINATION
.
232
9.5
CONTROLLED
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(CRP)
.
233
9.5.1
COMPARISON
OF
LIVING
AND
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
.
233
9.5.2
DISSOCIATION-COMBINATION-MECHANISM
.
236
9.5.3
BIMOLECULAR
ACTIVATION
(ATOM
TRANSFER
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION,
ATRP)
.
237
9.5.4
DEGENERATIVE
TRANSFER
(RAFT)
.
239
9.5.5
COMPARISON
OF
NMP,
ATRP,
AND
RAFT
.
240
9.5.6
POLYMERIZATION
IN
THE
PRESENCE
OF
1,1
-DIPHENYLETHYLENE
(DPE-METHOD).
241
9.5.7
RECENT
ADVANCES
IN
ATOM
TRANSFER
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(ATRP)
.
241
REFERENCES
.
245
10
IONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
247
10.1
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION.
249
10.1.1
REACTION
MECHANISM
.
250
10.1.2
INITIATORS
.
251
10.1.3
BRONSTED
ACIDS
.
251
10.1.4
LEWIS
ACIDS
.
253
10.1.5
CHAIN-GROWTH
DURING
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
254
10.1.6
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
255
10.1.7
TRANSFER
REACTIONS
.
256
XIII
CONTENTS
10.1.8
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
.
257
10.1.9
LIVING
AND
CONTROLLED
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
258
10.1.10
KINETICS
OF
CATIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
262
10.1.11
RATE
OF
MONOMER
CONVERSION
DURING
IBVE
POLYMERIZATION
.
262
10.1.12
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
SOLVENT
AND
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
COINITIATOR
ON
THE
RATE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
OF
IBVE
.
264
10.2
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION.
265
10.2.1
REACTION
MECHANISM.
266
10.2.2
INITIATION
.
266
10.2.3
NUCLEOPHILIC
INITIATORS
.
267
10.2.4
ELECTRON
TRANSFER.
267
10.2.5
GROUP
TRANSFER
POLYMERIZATION
.
269
10.2.6
POLYAMIDES
FROM
LACTAMS,
LEUCH
'
S
ANHYDRIDE
OR
ACRYLAMIDE
.
270
10.2.7
BI-AND
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
INITIATORS
.
271
10.2.8
ROLE
OF
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
AND
REAGENTS
IN
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
273
10.2.9
POLYMERIZATION
WITHOUT
TERMINATION
.
273
10.2.10
TERMINATION
BY
CONTAMINATION
AND
DELIBERATELY
ADDED
REAGENTS
.
273
10.2.11
HYDRIDE
ELIMINATION
.
274
10.2.12
TERMINATION
REACTIONS
DURING
THE
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
OF
METHYL
METHACRYLATE
.
274
10.2.13
KINETICS
OF
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION
.
276
10.2.14
POLYMERIZATION
WITHOUT
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
276
10.2.15
COMPETITIVE
GROWTH
OF
TWO
DIFFERENT
SPECIES.
278
10.2.16
POLYMERIZATION
IN
NON-POLAR
SOLVENTS
.
281
10.2.17
CEILING
TEMPERATURE
.
282
10.2.18
MOLAR
MASS
DISTRIBUTION
FROM
AN
IDEAL
(LIVING)
ANIONIC
POLYMERIZATION:
POISSON
DISTRIBUTION
.
285
REFERENCES
.
293
11
COORDINATION
POLYMERIZATION
.
295
11.1
POLYMERIZATION
OF
.
297
11.2
ZIEGLER
CATALYSTS
.
298
11.2.1
INITIATION
.
299
11.2.2
GROWTH
.
300
11.2.3
CHAIN
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
300
11.3
HOMOGENEOUS POLYMERIZATION
CATALYSTS
.
303
11.3.1
CATALYSTS
FOR
ISOTACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
306
11.3.2
CATALYSTS
FOR
SYNDIOTACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
307
11.3.3
CATALYSTSFOR
ATACTIC
POLYPROPENE
.
308
11.4
CATALYSTS
MADE
FROM
LATE
TRANSITION
METALS
.
3
1
0
11.5
TECHNICAL
PROCESSES
.
311
11.5.1
SUPPORTS
FOR
ZIEGLER
CATALYSTS
.
311
11.5.2
OPTIMIZATION
OF
STEREOSELECTIVITY
OF
HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSTS
.
312
11.5.3
CONTROL
OF
PARTICLE
MORPHOLOGY
.
312
11.5.4
TAILOR-MADE
POLYOLEFINS
.
313
11.6
CYCLOOLEFIN
COPOLYMERS
.
313
11.7
OLEFIN
METATHESIS
.
315
11.7.1
METATHESIS
MECHANISM
.
315
11.7.2
METATHESIS
CATALYSTS
.
315
XIV
CONTENTS
11.7.3
METATHESIS
REACTIONS.
318
11.8
COPOLYMERIZATION
WITH
POLAR
COMONOMERS
.
321
11.8.1
OLEFIN-CO
COPOLYMERS
.
322
11.8.2
COPOLYMERS
FROM
EPOXIDES
AND
CARBON
OXIDES
.
323
REFERENCES
.
323
12
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
.
325
12.1
GENERAL
FEATURES
.
326
12.2
RADICAL
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
.
328
12.2.1
VINYL-SUBSTITUTED
CYCLIC
COMPOUNDS
.
328
12.2.2
METHYLENE-SUBSTITUTED
CYCLIC
COMPOUNDS
.
328
12.2.3
DOUBLE
RING-OPENING
.
330
12.3
CATIONIC
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION.
331
12.3.1
INITIATION
.
331
12.3.2
BRONSTED
ACIDS
.
331
12.3.3
CARBENIUM
IONS
.
332
12.3.4
ONIUM
IONS
.
333
12.3.5
COVALENT
INITIATORS
.
333
12.3.6
LEWIS
ACIDS
.
333
12.3.7
PHOTOINITIATORS
.
334
12.3.8
HETEROLYSIS
.
334
12.3.9
HOMOLYSIS
.
335
12.3.10
CHAIN
GROWTH
.
336
12.3.11
TERMINATION
.
338
12.4
ANIONIC
RING-OPENING
POLYMERIZATION.
339
12.4.1
INITIATORS
.
340
12.4.2
GROWTH
.
340
12.4.3
TRANSFER
AND
TERMINATION
.
343
12.5
RING-OPENING
METATHESIS
POLYMERIZATION
(ROMP)
.
344
12.6
RING-OPENING
OF
PHOSPHAZENES
.
346
REFERENCES
.
348
13
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
349
13.1
MAYO-LEWIS
EQUATION
OF
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
352
13.1.1
DEDUCTION
OF
THE
MAYO-LEWIS
EQUATION
OF
COPOLYMERIZATION
.
352
13.1.2
EXAMPLE:
STATISTICAL
COPOLYMERIZATION
OF
STYRENE
AND
ACRYLONITRILE
.
355
13.2
COPOLYMERIZATION
DIAGRAMS
AND
COPOLYMERIZATION
PARAMETERS
.
356
13.3
ALTERNATING
COPOLYMERIZATION.
359
13.4
IDEAL
COPOLYMERIZATION.
360
13.5
INFLUENCING
THE
INCLUSION
RATIO
OF
THE
MONOMERS
.
361
13.6
EXPERIMENTAL
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
COPOLYMERIZATION
PARAMETERS
.
362
13.7
THE
Q,E
SCHEME
OF
ALFREY
AND
PRICE
.
365
13.8
COPOLYMERIZATION
RATE
.
367
13.9
BLOCK
AND
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS
.
370
13.9.1
BLOCK
COPOLYMERS
.
370
13.9.2
BLOCK
COPOLYMERS
BY
CONTROLLED
RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION
(CRP)
.
370
XV
CONTENTS
13.9.3
END
GROUP
FUNCTIONALIZED
POLYMERS
.
371
13.9.4
POLYMER
INITIATORS
.
372
13.9.5
CHANGE
OF
MECHANISM
.
373
13.9.6
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS
.
374
13.9.7
GRAFTING
ONTO
.
374
13.9.8
GRAFTING
FROM
.
374
13.9.9
MACROMONOMER
METHOD
.
377
13.10
TECHNICALLY
IMPORTANT
COPOLYMERS
.
378
13.11
STRUCTURAL
ELUCIDATION
OF
STATISTICAL
COPOLYMERS,
BLOCK
AND
GRAFT
COPOLYMERS.
379
REFERENCES
.
380
14
IMPORTANT
POLYMERS
PRODUCED
BY
CHAIN-GROWTH
POLYMERIZATION
.
381
14.1
POLYETHENE
.
383
14.1.1
PROPERTIES
.
383
14.1.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
.
383
14.1.3
HIGH-PRESSURE
PROCESS
.
384
14.1.4
LOW-PRESSURE
PROCESS
.
384
14.1.5
MODIFIED
ETHENE
POLYMERS
.
385
14.1.6
ETHENE
COPOLYMERS
WITH
NON-POLAR
COMONOMERS
.
385
14.1.7
POLAR
ETHENE
COPOLYMERS
.
385
14.1.8
CROSS-LINKING
OF
POLYETHENE
(PE-X)
.
386
14.2
POLYPROPENE
(PP)
.
387
14.2.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
387
14.2.2
PROPENE
COPOLYMERS
AND
BLENDS
.
389
14.3
POLYISOBUTENE
(PIB)
.
389
14.3.1
PROPERTIES
.
390
14.3.2
MANUFACTURING
.
390
14.3.3
BUTYL
RUBBER
.
390
14.4
POLY(VINYL
CHLORIDE)
.
391
14.4.1
PROPERTIES
AND
USES
.
391
14.4.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
OF
PVC
.
392
14.4.3
COPOLYMERS
.
393
14.4.4
SOFT
PVC
.
393
14.5
POLYSTYRENE
(PS)
.
393
14.5.1
PROPERTIES
AND
APPLICATIONS
.
394
14.6
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
FOR
PS
.
394
14.6.1
ATACTIC
POLYSTYRENE
.
394
14.6.2
STEREO-REGULAR
POLYSTYRENES.
394
14.6.3
COPOLYMERS
AND
BLENDS
.
395
14.6.4
STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE
COPOLYMERS
(SAN)
.
395
14.6.5
IMPACT
MODIFIED
PS
.
395
14.6.6
ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE
COPOLYMERS
(ABS)
.
396
14.6.7
BLENDS
.
397
14.7
POLY(METHYL
METHACRYLATE)
(PMMA)
.
398
14.7.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURE
.
398
14.7.2
COPOLYMERS
OF
METHYL
METHACRYLATE
.
398
XVI
CONTENTS
14.8
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
.
398
14.8.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
399
14.8.2
CARBON
FIBERS
(C-FIBERS)
.
399
14.9
POLYOXYMETHYLENE
(POM).
400
14.9.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
400
14.10
POLY(TETRAFLUORO
ETHENE)
(PTFE)
.
401
14.10.1
PROPERTIES
AND
MANUFACTURING
.
401
14.10.2
THERMOPLASTICALLY
PROCESSABLE
FLUOROPLASTICS
.
402
14.11
POLYDIENES
.
402
14.11.1
GENERAL
OVERVIEW
.
402
14.11.2
POLYBUTADIENE
.
403
14.11.3
POLYISOPRENE
.
404
14.11.4
POLYCHLOROPRENE
.
405
15
CHEMISTRY
WITH
POLYMERS
.
407
15.1
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
408
15.1.1
SPECIAL
KINETIC
FEATURES
OF
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
409
15.1.2
INTRA
VS.
INTERMOLECULAR
REACTIONS
.
410
15.1.3
TECHNICALLY
SIGNIFICANT
POLYMER
ANALOG
REACTIONS
.
411
15.2
CROSS-LINKING
REACTIONS
.
413
15.2.1
CROSS-LINKING
OF
POLYOLEFINS
.
413
15.2.2
VULCANIZATION
OF
RUBBER
.
413
15.2.3
PHOTORESISTS
.
414
15.2.4
COATINGS
.
417
15.2.5
THERMOREVERSIBLE
CROSS-LINKING:
IONOMERS
.
418
15.3
DEGRADATION
PROCESSES
IN
POLYMERIC
MATERIALS
.
419
15.3.1
DEGRADATION
MECHANISMS
.
421
15.3.2
STABILIZATION
OF
POLYMERS
.
421
15.3.3
PRIMARY
ANTIOXIDANTS
.
422
REFERENCES
.
425
16
INDUSTRIALLY
RELEVANT
POLYMERIZATION
PROCESSES
.
427
16.1
OVERVIEW
.
428
16.2
POLYMERIZATION
IN
BULK
.
429
16.3
SOLUTION
AND
PRECIPITATION
POLYMERIZATION.
430
16.4
SUSPENSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
431
16.5
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION.
433
16.5.1
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
EMULSION
AND
SUSPENSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
433
16.5.2
MODE
OF
ACTION
OF
A
SURFACTANT
.
433
16.5.3
KINETICS
OF
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
434
16.5.4
PARTICLE
FORMATION
.
435
16.5.5
PARTICLE
GROWTH
.
436
16.5.6
MONOMER
DEPLETION
.
437
16.5.7
POLYMERIZATION
RATE
AND
DEGREE
OF
POLYMERIZATION
.
437
16.5.8
QUANTITATIVE
THEORY
OF
SMITH
AND
EWART
.
438
16.5.9
APPLICATIONS,
ADVANTAGES,
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
440
XVII
CONTENTS
16.6
MINI-EMULSION
POLYMERIZATION
.
441
16.7
HIGH
INTERNAL
PHASE
EMULSIONS
.
442
16.8
PICKERING
EMULSIONS
.
444
REFERENCES
.
446
17
THE
BASICS
OF
PLASTICS
PROCESSING
.
447
17.1
PRIMARY
MOLDING
PROCESSES
.
448
17.1.1
FROM
THE
RAW
POLYMER
TO
AN
ARTICLE
.
449
17.1.2
EXTRUSION.
450
17.1.3
INJECTION
MOLDING
AND
REACTION
INJECTION
MOLDING
.
452
17.1.4
BLOW
MOLDING
.
457
17.1.5
CALENDERING
.
459
17.1.6
PRESSING
.
460
17.1.7
OTHER
PRIMARY
MOLDING
PROCESSES
.
461
17.2
FIBER-REINFORCED
PLASTICS
.
461
17.3
FOAMS
.
464
17.3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
FOAMED
MATERIALS
.
464
17.3.2
FOAM
PRODUCTION
.
466
17.3.3
POLYURETHANE
FOAMS
.
470
17.3.4
AEROGELS
.
472
17.4
FIBERS
.
474
17.5
FORMING
PROCESSES
.
480
17.6
JOINING
PROCESSES
.
483
17.6.1
WELDING
PROCESSES
.
483
17.6.2
GLUING
.
484
17.7
OTHER
PROCESSING
STEPS
.
486
REFERENCES
.
487
18
ELASTOMERS
.
489
18.1
PERMANENTLY
CROSS-LINKED
ELASTOMERS
.
490
18.2
PROPERTIES
.
492
18.2.1
HARDNESS
.
492
18.2.2
REBOUND
ELASTICITY
.
492
18.2.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
.
492
18.2.4
ULTIMATE
ELONGATION
.
492
18.2.5
MODULUS
OF
ELASTICITY
.
492
18.2.6
COMPRESSION
SET
.
493
18.3
ENTROPIC
ELASTICITY
.
493
18.4
ELASTOMER
ADDITIVES
.
496
18.4.1
FILLERS
.
496
18.4.2
PLASTICIZERS
.
497
18.4.3
CROSS-LINKING
AGENTS
.
497
18.4.4
ANTIOXIDANTS
.
497
18.4.5
PROCESSING
AIDS
.
497
18.5
PROCESSING
.
497
18.6
TECHNICALLY
IMPORTANT
ELASTOMER
TYPES
.
497
XVIII
CONTENTS
18.7
THERMOPLASTIC
ELASTOMERS
.
498
18.8
POLYETHER
AMIDE-1
2
ELASTOMERS
.
500
18.9
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
ELASTOMERS
.
503
19
FUNCTIONAL
POLYMERS
.
505
19.1
POLYMER
DISPERSANTS
.
509
19.1.1
STERIC
STABILIZING
OF
COLLOIDAL
SYSTEMS:
PROTECTIVE
COLLOIDS
.
510
19.1.2
APPLICATIONS
OF
POLYMER
DISPERSANTS
.
512
19.2
FLOCCULANTS
.
517
19.3
AMPHIPHILIC
SYSTEMS
FOR
SURFACE
FUNCTIONALIZATION
.
518
19.4
THICKENERS
.
520
19.5
SUPER-ABSORBENTS
.
521
19.6
POLYMERS
FOR
THE
FORMULATION
OF
ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS.
523
19.6.1
MATRIX
MATERIALS
.
523
19.6.2
COATINGS
.
523
19.6.3
DISINTEGRANTS
.
524
19.6.4
SOLUBILIZERS
.
524
19.7
SMART
POLYMERS
.
525
19.8
FUNCTIONAL
POLYMERS
IN
THE
OIL
INDUSTRY
.
525
19.8.1
FRACKING
.
527
19.8.2
WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT
.
528
19.9
SHAPE-MEMORY
POLYMERS
.
529
19.10
SELF-HEALING
POLYMERS
.
530
REFERENCES
.
531
20
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
533
20.1
THE
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
STATE
.
534
20.2
LYOTROPIC
LIQUID
CRYSTALS
.
534
20.3
THERMOTROPIC
LIQUID
CRYSTALS
.
535
20.4
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
STRUCTURES
.
536
20.5
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
MESOPHASES
.
539
20.5.1
HEAT
FLOW
CALORIMETRY
.
539
20.5.2
POLARIZATION
MICROSCOPY
.
540
20.5.3
X-RAY
DIFFRACTION
.
541
20.6
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
POLYMERS
.
542
20.6.1
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
MAIN
CHAIN
POLYMERS
.
542
20.6.2
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
SIDE-CHAIN
POLYMERS
.
545
20.6.3
LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE
ELASTOMERS
(LCE)
.
547
20.6.4
DENDRITIC
AND
HYPERBRANCHED
POLYMERS
.
548
REFERENCES
.
549
21
POLYMERS
AND
THE
ENVIRONMENT
.
551
21.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
DEFINITIONS
.
553
21.1.1
RECOVERY
.
553
21.1.2
RECYCLING
.
553
21.2
OPTIONS
AVAILABLE
FOR
RECYCLING
PLASTICS
.
553
21.2.1
IN-PLANT
RECYCLING
.
554
XIX
CONTENTS
21.2.2
DIRECT
REUSE
.
554
21.2.3
MECHANICAL
RECYCLING
.
555
21.2.4
CHEMICAL
RECYCLING
.
557
21.3
PLASTICS
AND
ENERGY
.
557
21.3.1
ENERGY
RECOVERY
FROM
SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS
.
558
21.3.2
ENERGETIC
FOOTPRINT
OF
SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS
.
560
21.4
BIOPOLYMERS
.
561
21.4.1
POLYMERS
BASED
ON
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
.
562
21.4.2
BIOLOGICALLY
DEGRADABLE
POLYMERS
.
567
21.5
DISCUSSION
.
569
21.6
MICROPLASTIC
.
572
21.7
CONCLUSION
.
573
REFERENCES
.
574
22
SELECTED
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
POLYMER
SCIENCE
.
575
22.1
NANOCOMPOSITES
.
576
22.2
SPINNING-DISC
REACTOR
(SDR)
.
579
22.3
POLYMERS
FOR
ORGANIC
LIGHT-EMITTING
DIODES
(OLEDS)
.
581
22.4
POLYMER
MEMBRANES
FOR
FUEL
CELLS
.
586
22.5
ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING:
POLYMERS
AND
3D-PRINTING
.
590
22.6
GRAPHENE
AS
NANOFILLER
.
594
22.6.1
GRAPHENE
PRODUCTION
.
594
22.6.2
PROPERTIES
AND
USE
AS
A
NANOFILLER
.
596
22.6.3
TOXICITY
OF
GRAPHENE
.
596
22.7
MICELLAR
CATALYSIS:
IMMOBILIZATION
OF
CATALYSTS
ON
AMPHIPHILIC
POLYMERS
.
597
22.7.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
597
22.7.2
COVALENT
BOUND
CATALYSTS
COMPLEXES
.
599
22.7.3
POLYMERSOMES.
602
22.7.4
MICROCAPSULES.
603
REFERENCES
.
604
SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION
ANSWERS
.
608
INDEX
.
623 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Koltzenburg, Sebastian Maskos, Michael 1967- Nuyken, Oskar 1939- |
| author2 | Pask, Stephen D. |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | s d p sd sdp |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1043791507 (DE-588)1043791159 (DE-588)1043792198 |
| author_facet | Koltzenburg, Sebastian Maskos, Michael 1967- Nuyken, Oskar 1939- Pask, Stephen D. |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Koltzenburg, Sebastian |
| author_variant | s k sk m m mm o n on |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049318035 |
| classification_rvk | VK 8000 VK 8001 ZM 5000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1408026922 (DE-599)DNB1248925688 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV049318035 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:42:34Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-14T07:00:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065168780 |
| isbn | 9783662649282 3662649284 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034579014 |
| oclc_num | 1408026922 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-703 |
| physical | XIX, 634 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm x 16.8 cm |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Koltzenburg, Sebastian Verfasser (DE-588)1043791507 aut Polymere: Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen Polymer chemistry Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken Second edition Berlin Springer [2023] © 2023 XIX, 634 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm x 16.8 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf Plastics Polymer Analysis Polymer Chemistry textbook Polymer Physics Polymer Synthesis Polymer science textbook (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 s DE-604 Maskos, Michael 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1043791159 aut Nuyken, Oskar 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1043792198 aut Springer-Verlag GmbH (DE-588)1065168780 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-662-64929-9 Vorangegangen ist 978-3-662-49277-2 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=82f6fd8066944cbcb6bb74566e823437&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext X:MVB http://www.springer.com/ DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034579014&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Koltzenburg, Sebastian Maskos, Michael 1967- Nuyken, Oskar 1939- Polymer chemistry Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4168684-6 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Polymer chemistry |
| title_alt | Polymere: Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen |
| title_auth | Polymer chemistry |
| title_exact_search | Polymer chemistry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Polymer chemistry |
| title_full | Polymer chemistry Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken |
| title_fullStr | Polymer chemistry Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymer chemistry Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken |
| title_short | Polymer chemistry |
| title_sort | polymer chemistry |
| topic | Makromolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4168684-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Makromolekulare Chemie Polymere Lehrbuch |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=82f6fd8066944cbcb6bb74566e823437&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.springer.com/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034579014&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT koltzenburgsebastian polymeresyntheseeigenschaftenundanwendungen AT maskosmichael polymeresyntheseeigenschaftenundanwendungen AT nuykenoskar polymeresyntheseeigenschaftenundanwendungen AT springerverlaggmbh polymeresyntheseeigenschaftenundanwendungen AT koltzenburgsebastian polymerchemistry AT maskosmichael polymerchemistry AT nuykenoskar polymerchemistry AT springerverlaggmbh polymerchemistry |