Evolution and the machinery of chance: philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology
"Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biol...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chicago, IL ; London
The University of Chicago Press
2023
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biology insist that a trait's fitnesses should be defined as an average of the fitnesses of individual members of the population that have the trait. Marshall Abrams argues convincingly against this wide-spread approach. As he shows, it conflicts with the roles that fitness is supposed to play in evolutionary theory, and with the ways that evolutionary biologists use fitness concepts in empirical research. The assumption that a causal kind of fitness is fundamentally a property of actual individuals has resulted in unnecessary philosophical puzzles and years of debate. Abrams came to see that the fitnesses of traits that are the basis of natural selection cannot be defined in terms of fitnesses of actual members of populations in the way that philosophers of biology often claim. Rather, it is an overall population-environment system-not actual, particular organisms living in particular environmental conditions-that is the basis of traits' fitnesses. Abrams argues that by distinguishing different classes of fitness concepts and the roles they play in the practice of evolutionary biology, we can see that evolutionary biologists' diverse uses fitness concepts make sense together and are consistent with the idea that fitness differences cause evolution. Abrams's insight has broad significance, for it provides a general framework for thinking about the metaphysics of biological evolution and its relations to empirical research. As such, it is a game-changing book for philosophers of biology and applied philosophy of probability"-- |
| Beschreibung: | x, 282 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780226826639 9780226826615 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biology insist that a trait's fitnesses should be defined as an average of the fitnesses of individual members of the population that have the trait. Marshall Abrams argues convincingly against this wide-spread approach. As he shows, it conflicts with the roles that fitness is supposed to play in evolutionary theory, and with the ways that evolutionary biologists use fitness concepts in empirical research. The assumption that a causal kind of fitness is fundamentally a property of actual individuals has resulted in unnecessary philosophical puzzles and years of debate. Abrams came to see that the fitnesses of traits that are the basis of natural selection cannot be defined in terms of fitnesses of actual members of populations in the way that philosophers of biology often claim. Rather, it is an overall population-environment system-not actual, particular organisms living in particular environmental conditions-that is the basis of traits' fitnesses. Abrams argues that by distinguishing different classes of fitness concepts and the roles they play in the practice of evolutionary biology, we can see that evolutionary biologists' diverse uses fitness concepts make sense together and are consistent with the idea that fitness differences cause evolution. Abrams's insight has broad significance, for it provides a general framework for thinking about the metaphysics of biological evolution and its relations to empirical research. As such, it is a game-changing book for philosophers of biology and applied philosophy of probability"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface ix Introduction i o. Background on Probability and Evolution 11 part i Laying the Foundation 35 1. Population-Environment Systems 37 2. Causal Probability and Empirical Practice 55 3. Irrelevance of Fitness as a Causal Property of Token Organisms 75 4. Roles of Environmental Variation in Selection 94 part ɪɪ Reconstructing Evolution and Chance 115 5. Populations in Biological Practice: Pragmatic Yet Real 117 6. Real Causation in Pragmatic Population-Environment Systems 140 7. Fitness Concepts in Measurement and Modeling 161 8. Chance in Population-Environment Systems 185 9. The Input Measure Problem for MM-CCS Chance 205 10. Conclusion 221 Acknowledgments 225 Notes 229 References 251 Index 271
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface ix Introduction i o. Background on Probability and Evolution 11 part i Laying the Foundation 35 1. Population-Environment Systems 37 2. Causal Probability and Empirical Practice 55 3. Irrelevance of Fitness as a Causal Property of Token Organisms 75 4. Roles of Environmental Variation in Selection 94 part ɪɪ Reconstructing Evolution and Chance 115 5. Populations in Biological Practice: Pragmatic Yet Real 117 6. Real Causation in Pragmatic Population-Environment Systems 140 7. Fitness Concepts in Measurement and Modeling 161 8. Chance in Population-Environment Systems 185 9. The Input Measure Problem for MM-CCS Chance 205 10. Conclusion 221 Acknowledgments 225 Notes 229 References 251 Index 271 |
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| spelling | Abrams, Marshall Verfasser (DE-588)130836704X aut Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology Marshall Abrams Chicago, IL ; London The University of Chicago Press 2023 x, 282 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biology insist that a trait's fitnesses should be defined as an average of the fitnesses of individual members of the population that have the trait. Marshall Abrams argues convincingly against this wide-spread approach. As he shows, it conflicts with the roles that fitness is supposed to play in evolutionary theory, and with the ways that evolutionary biologists use fitness concepts in empirical research. The assumption that a causal kind of fitness is fundamentally a property of actual individuals has resulted in unnecessary philosophical puzzles and years of debate. Abrams came to see that the fitnesses of traits that are the basis of natural selection cannot be defined in terms of fitnesses of actual members of populations in the way that philosophers of biology often claim. Rather, it is an overall population-environment system-not actual, particular organisms living in particular environmental conditions-that is the basis of traits' fitnesses. Abrams argues that by distinguishing different classes of fitness concepts and the roles they play in the practice of evolutionary biology, we can see that evolutionary biologists' diverse uses fitness concepts make sense together and are consistent with the idea that fitness differences cause evolution. Abrams's insight has broad significance, for it provides a general framework for thinking about the metaphysics of biological evolution and its relations to empirical research. As such, it is a game-changing book for philosophers of biology and applied philosophy of probability"-- Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf Natürliche Auslese (DE-588)4132359-2 gnd rswk-swf Wahrscheinlichkeit (DE-588)4137007-7 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Evolution (Biology) / Philosophy Natural selection Biological fitness Population / Environmental aspects SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biology Natürliche Auslese (DE-588)4132359-2 s Wahrscheinlichkeit (DE-588)4137007-7 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9780226826622 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034576620&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Abrams, Marshall Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Natürliche Auslese (DE-588)4132359-2 gnd Wahrscheinlichkeit (DE-588)4137007-7 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045791-6 (DE-588)4132359-2 (DE-588)4137007-7 (DE-588)4006851-1 |
| title | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology |
| title_auth | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology |
| title_exact_search | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology |
| title_full | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology Marshall Abrams |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology Marshall Abrams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology Marshall Abrams |
| title_short | Evolution and the machinery of chance |
| title_sort | evolution and the machinery of chance philosophy probability and scientific practice in biology |
| title_sub | philosophy, probability, and scientific practice in biology |
| topic | Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Natürliche Auslese (DE-588)4132359-2 gnd Wahrscheinlichkeit (DE-588)4137007-7 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Philosophie Natürliche Auslese Wahrscheinlichkeit Biologie |
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