Analysing English sentence structure: an intermediate course in syntax
Andrew Radford has acquired an unrivalled reputation over the past forty years for writing syntax textbooks in which difficult concepts are clearly explained without excessive use of technical jargon. Analysing English Sentence Structure continues in this tradition, offering a well-structured interm...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Dehli
Cambridge University Press
2024
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Andrew Radford has acquired an unrivalled reputation over the past forty years for writing syntax textbooks in which difficult concepts are clearly explained without excessive use of technical jargon. Analysing English Sentence Structure continues in this tradition, offering a well-structured intermediate course in English syntax and contemporary syntactic theory. Chapters are split into core modules, each focusing on a specific topic, and the reader is supported throughout with learning aids such as summaries, lists of key hypotheses and principles, extensive references, exercises with handy hints, and a glossary of terminology. Both teachers and instructors will benefit from the book's free online resources, which comprise an open-access Students' Answerbook, and a password-protected Teachers' Answerbook, each containing comprehensive answers to exercises, with detailed tree diagrams. The book and accompanying resources are designed to serve both as a coursebook for use in class, and as a self-study resource for use at home |
Beschreibung: | xviii, 543 Seiten Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9781009322935 9781009322966 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV049312226 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20240219 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 230904s2024 |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
020 | |a 9781009322935 |c Kartoniert, Paperback |9 978-1-009-32293-5 | ||
020 | |a 9781009322966 |c Hardcover |9 978-1-009-32296-6 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1401191060 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV049312226 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-20 |a DE-19 |a DE-11 |a DE-739 | ||
084 | |a HF 290 |0 (DE-625)48837: |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Radford, Andrew |d 1945- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)135687160 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Analysing English sentence structure |b an intermediate course in syntax |c Andrew Radford, University of Essex |
264 | 1 | |a Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Dehli |b Cambridge University Press |c 2024 | |
300 | |a xviii, 543 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a Andrew Radford has acquired an unrivalled reputation over the past forty years for writing syntax textbooks in which difficult concepts are clearly explained without excessive use of technical jargon. Analysing English Sentence Structure continues in this tradition, offering a well-structured intermediate course in English syntax and contemporary syntactic theory. Chapters are split into core modules, each focusing on a specific topic, and the reader is supported throughout with learning aids such as summaries, lists of key hypotheses and principles, extensive references, exercises with handy hints, and a glossary of terminology. Both teachers and instructors will benefit from the book's free online resources, which comprise an open-access Students' Answerbook, and a password-protected Teachers' Answerbook, each containing comprehensive answers to exercises, with detailed tree diagrams. The book and accompanying resources are designed to serve both as a coursebook for use in class, and as a self-study resource for use at home | ||
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Satzanalyse |0 (DE-588)4158597-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Syntax |0 (DE-588)4058779-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Minimalist program |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4431524-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Englisch |0 (DE-588)4014777-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Englisch |0 (DE-588)4014777-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Minimalist program |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4431524-7 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Satzanalyse |0 (DE-588)4158597-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Englisch |0 (DE-588)4014777-0 |D s |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Syntax |0 (DE-588)4058779-4 |D s |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
775 | 0 | 8 | |i Äquivalent |n Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover |z 978-1-009-32296-6 |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034573323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034573323 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1815416159262998528 |
---|---|
adam_text |
Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Background 1 .0 Overview 1.1 Basic concepts 1.1.1 Prescriptive and descriptive grammar 1.1.2 Syntactic data 1.1.3 Categories and features 1.2 Generating syntactic structures 1.2.1 Merge 1.2.2 X-bar syntax 1.2.3 Adjunction 1.3 Invisible structure and structural relations 1.3.1 Null constituents 1.3.2 Case-marking and c-command 1.4 Movement operations 1.4.1 А-bar Movement 1.4.2 A-Movement 1.4.3 Head Movement 1.5 Blocking mechanisms 1.5.1 Constraints 1.5.2 Filters 1.6 Summary 1.7 Bibliographical notes 1.8 Workbook Exercise 1.1 Exercise 1.2 Exercise 1.3 Exercise 1.4 Exercise 1.5 xiii xvii 1 1 1 1 3 8 13 13 17 18 23 23 28 32 32 36 38 44 44 49 52 58 62 62 64 65 66 67
viii Contents Contents 2 A-Movement 2.0 Overview 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 VP-Internal Subject Hypothesis 2.1.1 Subjects in Belfast and Standard English 2.1.2 Further evidence for VP-internal subjects Argument structure and theta roles 2.2.1 Predicates and arguments 2.2.2 Theta roles 2.2.3 Theta-marking Unaccusative structures 2.3.1 Unaccusative predicates 2.3.2 Unaccusatives compared with other predicates 2.3.3 The syntax of unaccusative subjects Passive structures 2.4.1 Simple passives 2.4.2 Cross-clausal passives 2.4.3 Constraints on Passivisation Raising and Control structures 2.5.1 Raising structures 2.5.2 Control structures 2.5.3 Differences between Raising and Control Mixed structures 2.6.1 A mixed Passive, Control and Raising sentence 2.6.2 A mixed Unaccusative and Raising sentence Summary Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 2.1 Exercise 2.2 Exercise 2.3 Exercise 2.4 Exercise 2.5 Exercise 2.6 Agreement 3.0 Overview 3.1 3.2 Agreement, А-Movement and Case-marking 3.1.1 Agreement and A-Movement 3.1.2 Case-marking 3.1.3 Valued and unvalued features Agreement and case in expletive clauses 3.2.1 Expletive it clauses 69 69 69 69 73 77 77 79 82 84 85 87 90 95 95 99 103 106 107 110 115 119 119 122 123 125 127 128 129 130 132 133 135 138 138 138 138 144 149 152 152 3.3 1 ' 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4 3.2.2 Expletive there clauses 3.2.3 Conditions on the use of expletives Agreement, А-Movement and case in infinitives 3.3.1 Raising infinitives 3.3.2 ECM infinitives 3.3.3 Passive infinitives 3.3.4 Infinitival CPs Cross-clausal agreement 3.4.1 Agreement across a finite TP
3.4.2 Agreement across a finite CP 3.4.3 Copy Raising with non-expletive subjects Summary Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 3.1 Exercise 3.2 Exercise 3.3 Exercise 3.4 The clause periphery 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Overview The Cartographic approach 4.1.1 Force and topic projections 4.1.2 In situ and ex situ topics 4.1.3 Multiple topic structures Focus projections 4.2.1 Peripheral focused constituents 4.2.2 Comparing topic and focus Modifier and finiteness projections 4.3.1 Modifier projections 4.3.2 Finiteness projections Complete and truncated clauses 4.4.1 Complete clauses 4.4.2 Truncated clauses Summary Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 4.1 Exercise 4.2 Exercise 4.3 Exercise 4.4 158 165 168 169 174 177 179 184 184 192 198 203 206 210 210 211 213 214 217 217 217 219 222 225 228 228 231 233 233 235 238 238 241 243 246 249 249 251 253 254 ix
Contents Contents 5 More peripheral constituents 5.0 Overview 5.1 Negative and Interrogative Inversion 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6 5.1.1 Negative Inversion 5.1.2 Interrogativeinversion Wh-questions without Interrogative Inversion 5.2.1 Embedded wh-questions 5.2.2 How come questions Yes-no questions 5.3.1 Root yes-no questions 5.3.2 Embedded yes-no questions Exclamative and relative clauses 5.4.1 Exclamative clauses 5.4.2 Relative clauses Summary Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 5.1 Exercise 5.2 Exercise 5.3 Exercise 5.4 257 258 258 262 267 267 270 277 277 279 281 281 283 288 290 292 293 294 296 297 The subperiphery 300 6.0 6.1 300 300 300 305 310 310 315 317 318 319 321 324 324 327 332 337 339 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Overview Auxiliary and subject projections 6.1.1 Auxiliary projections 6.1.2 Subject projection Subperipheral adverbs 6.2.1 Analysing ADVPs as specifiers 6.2.2 Relative ordering of multiple ADVPs Word order variation 6.3.1 ADVPs and auxiliaries 6.3.2 ADVPs and subjects 6.3.3 Postmodifying ADVPs Other subperipheral constituents 6.4.1 PPs and subordinate clauses 6.4.2 Floating QPs: Stranded under movement 6.4.3 Floating QPs: In a dedicated projection Summaiy Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 6.1 Exercise 6.2 Exercise 6.3 Exercise 6.4 340 341 342 343 344 Abbreviated registers 347 347 347 347 6.7 257 ? 7 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Overview Subject Drop 7.1.1 The nature of Subject Drop 7.1.2 A Truncation account of Subject Drop 7.1.3 Subject+Auxiliary Drop Auxiliary Drop 7.2.1 A Truncation account of Auxiliary Drop 7.2.2 A Left Edge Ellipsis account
7.2.3 A prosodic account Article Drop 7.3.1 A Truncation analysis of Article Drop 7.3.2 Null article and article ellipsis accounts Be Drop 7.4.1 Characteristics of Be Drop 7.4.2 Truncation accounts of Be Drop 7.4.3 Be Drop and Article Drop Object Drop 7.5.1 A Topic Drop analysis of null objects 7.5.2 An Article Drop analysis of null objects 7.5.3 Null objects as instances of a null pronoun/pro Summary Bibliographical notes Workbook Exercise 7.1 Exercise 7.2 Exercise 7.3 Exercise 7.4 Exercise 7.5 Glossary and Abbreviations References Index 352 354 358 358 362 364 367 368 371 375 376 378 383 390 392 395 398 402 405 407 407 411 413 415 417 420 462 541 |
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
author | Radford, Andrew 1945- |
author_GND | (DE-588)135687160 |
author_facet | Radford, Andrew 1945- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Radford, Andrew 1945- |
author_variant | a r ar |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV049312226 |
classification_rvk | HF 290 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1401191060 (DE-599)BVBBV049312226 |
discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
discipline_str_mv | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049312226</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240219</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230904s2024 |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781009322935</subfield><subfield code="c">Kartoniert, Paperback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-009-32293-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781009322966</subfield><subfield code="c">Hardcover</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-009-32296-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1401191060</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049312226</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HF 290</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)48837:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Radford, Andrew</subfield><subfield code="d">1945-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)135687160</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Analysing English sentence structure</subfield><subfield code="b">an intermediate course in syntax</subfield><subfield code="c">Andrew Radford, University of Essex</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Dehli</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xviii, 543 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Andrew Radford has acquired an unrivalled reputation over the past forty years for writing syntax textbooks in which difficult concepts are clearly explained without excessive use of technical jargon. Analysing English Sentence Structure continues in this tradition, offering a well-structured intermediate course in English syntax and contemporary syntactic theory. Chapters are split into core modules, each focusing on a specific topic, and the reader is supported throughout with learning aids such as summaries, lists of key hypotheses and principles, extensive references, exercises with handy hints, and a glossary of terminology. Both teachers and instructors will benefit from the book's free online resources, which comprise an open-access Students' Answerbook, and a password-protected Teachers' Answerbook, each containing comprehensive answers to exercises, with detailed tree diagrams. The book and accompanying resources are designed to serve both as a coursebook for use in class, and as a self-study resource for use at home</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Satzanalyse</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4158597-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Syntax</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4058779-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Minimalist program</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4431524-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Englisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014777-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4123623-3</subfield><subfield code="a">Lehrbuch</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Englisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014777-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Minimalist program</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4431524-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Satzanalyse</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4158597-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Englisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014777-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Syntax</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4058779-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="775" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Äquivalent</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-009-32296-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034573323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034573323</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
id | DE-604.BV049312226 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T22:41:14Z |
indexdate | 2024-11-11T09:02:44Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781009322935 9781009322966 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034573323 |
oclc_num | 1401191060 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-739 |
owner_facet | DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-739 |
physical | xviii, 543 Seiten Diagramme |
publishDate | 2024 |
publishDateSearch | 2024 |
publishDateSort | 2024 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Radford, Andrew 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)135687160 aut Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax Andrew Radford, University of Essex Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Dehli Cambridge University Press 2024 xviii, 543 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Andrew Radford has acquired an unrivalled reputation over the past forty years for writing syntax textbooks in which difficult concepts are clearly explained without excessive use of technical jargon. Analysing English Sentence Structure continues in this tradition, offering a well-structured intermediate course in English syntax and contemporary syntactic theory. Chapters are split into core modules, each focusing on a specific topic, and the reader is supported throughout with learning aids such as summaries, lists of key hypotheses and principles, extensive references, exercises with handy hints, and a glossary of terminology. Both teachers and instructors will benefit from the book's free online resources, which comprise an open-access Students' Answerbook, and a password-protected Teachers' Answerbook, each containing comprehensive answers to exercises, with detailed tree diagrams. The book and accompanying resources are designed to serve both as a coursebook for use in class, and as a self-study resource for use at home Satzanalyse (DE-588)4158597-5 gnd rswk-swf Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd rswk-swf Minimalist program Linguistik (DE-588)4431524-7 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Minimalist program Linguistik (DE-588)4431524-7 s Satzanalyse (DE-588)4158597-5 s DE-604 Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 s Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover 978-1-009-32296-6 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034573323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Radford, Andrew 1945- Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax Satzanalyse (DE-588)4158597-5 gnd Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd Minimalist program Linguistik (DE-588)4431524-7 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4158597-5 (DE-588)4058779-4 (DE-588)4431524-7 (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
title | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax |
title_auth | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax |
title_exact_search | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax |
title_exact_search_txtP | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax |
title_full | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax Andrew Radford, University of Essex |
title_fullStr | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax Andrew Radford, University of Essex |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysing English sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax Andrew Radford, University of Essex |
title_short | Analysing English sentence structure |
title_sort | analysing english sentence structure an intermediate course in syntax |
title_sub | an intermediate course in syntax |
topic | Satzanalyse (DE-588)4158597-5 gnd Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd Minimalist program Linguistik (DE-588)4431524-7 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Satzanalyse Syntax Minimalist program Linguistik Englisch Lehrbuch |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034573323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT radfordandrew analysingenglishsentencestructureanintermediatecourseinsyntax |