Verfügbarkeit: Multiphase reactors

Multiphase reactors: reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Harmsen, Jan (VerfasserIn), Bos, René (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin De Gruyter [2023]
Schriftenreihe:	De Gruyter graduate
Schlagworte:	Mehrphasenreaktor Chemieingeniurwesen Chemische Technik Verfahrenstechnik Chemical Reaction Engineering Three-Phase Reactors Reactor Selection Scale-up Residence-Time Distribution Mass Transfer Heat Transfer Chemical Technology Chemical Engineering Process Engineering TB: Textbook Chemical Reaction Engineering;Three-Phase Reactors;Reactor Selection;Scale-up;Residence-Time Distribution;Mass Transfer;Heat Transfer;Chemical Technology;Chemical Engineering;Process Engineering;
Online-Zugang:	https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110713763 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XIX, 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme
ISBN:	9783110713763

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MARC


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653			\|a Reactor Selection
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1807319458306326528
adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE - XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS - XXI PART A: MULTIPHASE REACTORS: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 INTRODUCTION - 3 BOOK INTRODUCTION - 3 A REACTION ENGINEER MEETS AN ELECTRONIC ENGINEER - 5 LEVENSPIEL ' S GENIUS PROBLEM 1.1 - 5 A SHORT HISTORY OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - 10 INTRODUCTION - 10 BIRTH OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - 10 FOUNDING FATHERS OF CRE - 12 CRE AS A LANGUAGE GAME - 13 DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS IN CRE: THE PERSONS BEHIND THE NUMBER - 13 REACTION ENGINEERING AS INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS DESIGN - 17 EXERCISES ---- 17 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 18 REFERENCES - 18 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 OVERVIEW OF MULTIPHASE REACTORS - 20 INTRODUCTION - 20 TWO-PHASE G-S REACTORS - 22 FIXED BED REACTORS - 22 GAS-SOLID FLUID BED REACTORS - 24 TWO-PHASE G-L AND L-L REACTORS ---- 31 GAS-LIQUID BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS - 31 CONTINUOUS AND BATCHWISE OPERATION - 33 MECHANICALLY STIRRED GAS-LIQUID REACTORS - 34 GAS-LIQUID SPRAY TOWER REACTOR AND VENTURI WASHER - 35 GAS-LIQUID PACKED BED REACTOR - 37 TWO-PHASE L-L REACTORS - 38 THREE-PHASE GAS-LIQUID-SOLID REACTORS - 40 SLURRY REACTORS (LIQUID IS CONTINUOUS PHASE) - 40 TRICKLE-BED THREE-PHASE REACTOR WITH GAS AS THE CONTINUOUS PHASE - 41 REACTORS WITH HEAT CONTROL - 43 INTRODUCTION OF REACTORS WITH HEAT CONTROL - 43 ADIABATIC HEAT CONTROL - 44 VI - CONTENTS 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 2.5.7 2.5.8 2.6 2.6.1 MULTITUBULAR FIXED BED REACTOR - 44 WALL (JACKET) HEAT EXCHANGE - 45 HEAT TRANSFER BY EVAPORATION AND A CONDENSER - 45 HEAT TRANSFER BY COILS INSIDE THE REACTOR - 45 MICROWAVES HEATING -----45 ELECTRICAL HEATING ---- 45 EXERCISES ---- 46 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: REACTOR TYPES FOR PVC DEPOLYMERIZATION START-UP COMPANY ---- 46 2.6.2 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: REACTOR TYPE OPTIONS FOR PRECIPITATION REACTION ---- 46 2.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 47 REFERENCES ---- 47 PART B: FUNDAMENTALS 3 SCALE-INDEPENDENT BASICS RELEVANT FOR ALL REACTORS - 51 3.1 REACTION STOICHIOMETRY AND KINETICS - 51 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION ----- 51 3.1.2 REACTION STOICHIOMETRY - 51 3.1.3 DEFINITION OF REACTION RATE AND KINETICS - 53 3.1.4 REACTION RATE EQUATIONS ----- 55 3.1.5 EXPERIMENTAL KINETICS DETERMINATION - 59 3.2 REACTOR PERFORMANCE DEFINITIONS - 60 3.2.1 PROCESS AND REACTOR BOUNDARIES - 60 3.2.2 REACTOR CONVERSION - 61 3.2.3 INTEGRAL VERSUS DIFFERENTIAL REACTOR SELECTIVITY - 62 3.2.4 REACTOR PRODUCTION CAPACITY - 64 3.2.5 PROCESS CONVERSION AND YIELD - 64 3.2.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS: SPACE VELOCITY, GHSV, WHSV, LHSV ---- 65 3.2.7 RESIDENCE TIME AND SPACE TIME - 67 3.2.8 LIMITING REACTANT ------ 67 3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - 68 3.3.1 REACTION MEDIUM DENSITY MODELING - 68 3.3.2 PHYSICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES - 69 3.4 REACTION ENTHALPY ------ 69 3.5 REACTION RUNAWAY BEHAVIOR - 70 3.5.1 EXAMPLE FROM JAN ' S EXPERIENCE - 71 CONTENTS - - VII 3.6 3.7 EXERCISES - 72 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 73 REFERENCES - 73 LIST OF SYMBOLS - 74 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION AND MIXING THEORY - 75 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION THEORY - 75 THE PLUG FLOW REACTOR CONCEPT: PFR - 78 THE PERFECTLY BACKMIXED REACTOR: CSTR OR CISTR - 79 INTERMEDIATE MACROMIXING - 81 TANKS-IN-SERIES CONCEPT - 81 AXIAL DISPERSION CONCEPT - 82 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS ON CONVERSION/SELECTIVITY - 84 MICROMIXING, EARLINESS OF MIXING AND SEGREGATION - 88 EARLINESS OF MIXING - 89 DEGREE OF SEGREGATION - 91 TAKEAWAY MESSAGES: MACRO AND MICROMIXING - 93 APPLICATION OF RTD THEORY TO IDEAL REACTOR TYPE SELECTION - 94 RTD OF REAL REACTORS - 94 RTD OF TWO AND THREE-PHASE FIXED BED REACTORS - 94 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION G-L BUBBLE COLUMNS - 98 BUBBLING FLUID BED RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS - 100 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION G-L-S BUBBLE COLUMNS AND FLUID BEDS - 101 EXERCISES - 102 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: RTD OF A NEW REACTOR FOR A NEW PROCESS - 102 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: FRESH COCONUT DRYING IN A FLUID BED - 103 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 3: CATALYST DEACTIVATION IN A THREE-PHASE SLURRY REACTOR - 105 4.9 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 107 REFERENCES - 107 5 5.1 5.1.1 INTER AND INTRAPHASE MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER - 109 INTRODUCTION TO MASS TRANSFER - 109 MASS TRANSFER FROM GAS PHASE TO LIQUID PHASE TO POROUS SOLID PHASE - 110 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.5 CONCEPT OF TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS - 110 MULTIPHASE MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER: INTER AND INTRAPHASE EFFECTS - 112 EXERCISE: MASS TRANSFER IN SERIES AND/OR IN PARALLEL - 112 MASS TRANSFER WITH REACTION IN GAS-LIQUID REACTORS - 113 INTRODUCTION - 113 CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENT AND THE HATTA NUMBER - 113 MASS TRANSFER IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS - 116 VIII - CONTENTS 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 INTRODUCTION ---- 116 DIFFUSION IN POROUS CATALYSTS - 118 CONSEQUENCES FOR CATALYST PERFORMANCE - 120 EFFECT ON CATALYST ACTIVITY: THIELE MODULUS AND THE CONCEPT OF EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR - 120 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.7 5.5.8 5.5.9 5.6 5.6.1 EFFECT ON APPARENT REACTION ORDERS - 126 EFFECT ON APPARENT ACTIVATION ENERGY - 127 EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND FLUID VELOCITY - 129 PORE DIFFUSION AND CATALYST DESIGN IN TERMS OF SIZE AND SHAPES - 130 EXAMPLE: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE TRILOBES - 131 EXERCISES---- 134 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: CATALYST PARTICLE SIZE AND SHAPE FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF MPC - 134 5.6.2 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: DIFFUSION AND DEACTIVATION FOR BIMODAL PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ---- 135 5.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 138 REFERENCES - 138 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 QUANTIFICATION OF MASS TRANSFER IN G-L(-S) REACTORS - 140 INTRODUCTION - 140 MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS AND SHERWOOD NUMBERS - 141 QUANTIFIED MASS TRANSFER TWO AND THREE-PHASE BUBBLE COLUMNS - 142 GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN HORIZONTAL BUBBLE COLUMNS - 143 LIQUID-SOLID MASS TRANSFER IN THREE-PHASE BUBBLE COLUMNS ---- 144 SHEAR RATE DISTRIBUTION COMMERCIAL SCALE ON BUBBLES AND DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION - 144 6.3.4 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.6 6.7 PARTICLE (CATALYST) BREAKAGE AND ATTRITION - 145 G-L-S MASS TRANSFER IN TRICKLE-BED REACTORS - 145 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION METHODS FOR INTERFACE TRANSFER - 147 ROTATING REACTORS - 147 OTHER PROCESS INTENSIFIED REACTORS ---- 148 EXERCISES - 148 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 149 REFERENCES - 149 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 HEAT MANAGEMENT - 151 INTRODUCTION ---- 151 THEORY NONISOTHERMAL BEHAVIOR REACTORS - 151 NONISOTHERMAL BACKMIXED REACTOR - 153 NONISOTHERMAL TUBULAR REACTOR - 156 REACTOR DESIGN TO AVOID TEMPERATURE RUNAWAY - 157 CONTENTS - IX 7.2.4 QUANTIFIED HEAT TRANSFER FOR TWO AND THREE-PHASE SLURRY AND FLUID BED REACTORS - 161 7.2.5 7.3 7.4 7.5 MECHANICALLY STIRRED REACTOR HEAT TRANSFER - 164 REACTOR OPERATION AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR - 164 EXERCISES - 166 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 166 REFERENCES - 166 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 MULTIPHASE REACTOR MODELING - 168 INTRODUCTION - 168 MODELS FOR AND TWO AND THREE-PHASE FIXED BED REACTORS - 170 ADIABATIC VERSUS NONADIABATIC - 170 PSEUDO-HOMOGENEOUS MODELS - 171 HETEROGENEOUS MODELS - 174 CFD MODELS ---- 175 MODELS FOR TRICKLE-BED REACTORS - 176 CO-CURRENT TRICKLE-BED - 176 ADIABATIC TRICKLE-BED - 176 MULTITUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGE TRICKLE-BED - 176 COUNTERCURRENT TRICKLE-BED FLOW - 176 MODELS FOR BUBBLE COLUMNS - 177 MODELS FOR G/L BUBBLE COLUMNS - 177 CFD MODELS FOR G/L/S (SLURRY) BUBBLE COLUMNS ---- 177 MODELS FOR FLUID BEDS - 178 MODELS FOR G/S FLUID BEDS - 178 CFD MODELS FOR L/S FLUID BEDS ---- 178 CFD MODELS FOR THREE-PHASE MECHANICALLY STIRRED FED-BATCH REACTORS - 178 8.6 8.6.1 8.7 EXERCISES ---- 179 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: TRICKLE-BED REACTOR - 179 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 179 REFERENCES - 180 PART C: STAGE-GATE INNOVATION METHODS 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 STAGE-GATE INNOVATION METHODS - 183 INTRODUCTION ---- 183 INNOVATION STAGES OVERVIEW - 184 DISCOVERY STAGE - 184 CONCEPT STAGE - 184 FEASIBILITY STAGE - 184 X - - CONTENTS 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.3 DEVELOPMENT STAGE ---- 185 ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT CONSTRUCTION STAGE - 185 OPERATION STAGE ---- 185 ABANDON STAGE - 185 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS ---- 185 REFERENCES - 186 10 10.1 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.3 MULTIPHASE REACTOR SELECTION - 187 INTRODUCTION ---- 187 CRITICAL REVIEW SOME ACADEMIC METHODS REACTOR SELECTION - 187 REACTOR FAMILY TREE SELECTION ---- 187 THREE-LEVEL MULTIPHASE REACTOR SELECTION METHOD ---- 188 REACTOR SELECTION METHOD WHEN SCALE-UP RISK IS LOW FOR REACTOR TYPES CONSIDERED - 189 10.4 10.4.1 10.4.2 10.4.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL REACTOR SELECTION AND ITS PRACTICE - 189 INTRODUCTION - 189 IDEATION STAGE REACTOR TYPE SELECTION - 192 THE POWER OF REACTOR SELECTION IN THE IDEATION STAGE: SHELL SHALE FLUID BED CASE - 193 10.5 10.5.1 10.5.2 10.5.3 REACTOR TYPE SELECTION IN THE VARIOUS INNOVATION STAGES - 195 CONCEPT PHASE REACTOR SELECTION - 195 FEASIBILITY STAGE REACTOR SELECTION - 198 DEVELOPMENT STAGE FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN REACTOR SELECTION - 202 10.5.4 ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT CONSTRUCTION (EPC) STAGE REACTOR SELECTION - 202 10.6 10.6.1 10.6.2 10.6.3 10.7 EXERCISES - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: REACTOR TYPE SELECTION IN IDEATION STAGE - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: REACTOR SELECTION CONCEPT STAGE - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 3: REACTOR FAMILY-TYPE SELECTION IDEATION STAGE ---- 204 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 205 REFERENCES - 205 11 11.1 11.2 NEW REACTION SYSTEMS THROUGH ALL INNOVATION STAGES - 206 INTRODUCTION ---- 206 IDEATION STAGE (ALSO CALLED DISCOVERY STAGE, OR EARLY RESEARCH STAGE) - 206 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.3 11.3.1 IDEATION STAGE DESIGN - 206 IDEATION STAGE MODELING - 207 IDEATION STAGE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENTS - 207 CONCEPT STAGE (ALSO CALLED RESEARCH STAGE) - 207 CONCEPT DESIGN - 207 CONTENTS - XI 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.4 CONCEPT MODELING - 211 EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION ---- 211 FEASIBILITY STAGE DESIGN (ALSO CALLED FIRST PART OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) ---- 212 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.4.5 11.5 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 11.6 INTRODUCTION ---- 212 REACTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OVERVIEW - 212 CRITICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS FOR COMMERCIAL-SCALE REACTORS - 213 REACTOR SCALE-UP METHODS AND APPLICATIONS - 216 COLD FLOW TEST RIGS ---- 223 DEVELOPMENT STAGE ---- 224 INTRODUCTION ---- 224 PILOT PLANT AND TEST PROGRAM EXECUTION - 224 FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN - 224 ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION (EPC) STAGE (ALSO CALLED EXECUTION STAGE) - 226 11.6.1 11.6.2 11.6.3 11.7 11.8 11.8.1 11.9 CONTRACTOR CHOICE AND CO-OPERATION - 226 REACTOR PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION - 227 COMMISSIONING ---- 227 START-UP AND NORMAL OPERATION (ALSO CALLED DEMONSTRATION STAGE) - 227 EXERCISES---- 228 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE: GLUCOSE TO ETHYLENE GLYCOL - 228 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 229 REFERENCES - 230 PART D: EDUCATION 12 12.1 12.2 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.5.1 EDUCATION GUIDELINES - 235 INTRODUCTION ---- 235 CHALLENGES IN CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING EDUCATION - 235 FROM JAN ' S RECOLLECTION ---- 235 FROM RENE ' S RECOLLECTION - 238 CRE AS A LANGUAGE GAME LINKED TO TEACHING - 238 GUIDELINES TO USE THIS BOOK IN ACADEMIC EDUCATION - 239 GUIDELINES TO USE THIS BOOK IN INDUSTRY - 240 EDUCATION OPTIONS FOR INDUSTRY PRACTITIONERS - 240 LEARNING COURSE: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND PROCESS CONCEPT DESIGN FOR NONCHEMICAL ENGINEERS - 240 12.5.2 HANDS-ON COURSE: INDUSTRIAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CONCEPTUAL PROCESS DESIGN - 241 12.5.3 COURSE PROGRAM - 241 XII - CONTENTS 12.6 POSITION OF REACTION ENGINEERING IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM ---- 244 12.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS -----244 REFERENCES - 245 13 13.1 13.2 13.2.1 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.2.4 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 13.3.3 13.3.4 13.3.5 13.3.6 13.3.7 13.4 13.4.1 13.4.2 13.4.3 13.4.4 13.5 INDUSTRIAL CASES - 246 INTRODUCTION ---- 246 GAS-TO-LIQUID (GTL) SHELL CASE ---- 246 INTRODUCTION TO GTL CASE - 246 A CONSECUTIVE OR A PARALLEL REACTION? ---- 247 FLORY-SCHULZ DISTRIBUTIONS -----248 WHY SHELL EXPERTS " LIKE " FIXED BED REACTORS FOR GTL? - 250 ETHYL BENZENE PEROXIDATION REACTOR (EBHP) - 254 INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE - 254 REACTION DESCRIPTION - 255 THE LIQUID-PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 256 RESULTS OF THE LIQUID-PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 257 RESULTS OF THE GAS PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 259 COMMERCIAL PLANT IMPROVEMENTS - 263 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 264 A NEW CATALYST SHAPE: PRESSURE DROP AND PACKING DENSITY - 265 INTRODUCTION -----265 INITIAL EVALUATION - 266 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS - 267 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS -----267 HEAVY RESIDUE OIL UPGRADING: REACTOR TYPE SELECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT - 268 13.5.1 13.5.2 13.5.3 HEAVY RESIDUE UPGRADING INTRODUCTION ---- 268 HEAVY RESIDUE UPGRADING REACTION CHEMISTRY - 269 SHELL BUNKER FLOW SELECTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT TO COMMERCIAL SCALE - 270 13.5.4 LC-FININGYY RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING IN THREE-PHASE SLURRY-EBULLATED-BED REACTOR - 274 13.5.5 13.5.6 13.5.7 13.5.8 13.6 13.7 13.7.1 13.7.2 13.8 HEAVY OIL UPGRADING BY COKING WITH EXXON FLEXICOKER FLUID BED - 275 REACTOR TYPE COMPARISON - HEAVY PETROLEUM UPGRADE - 275 EXERCISES---- 276 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 276 REACTOR STABILITY IN AN ADIABATIC TRICKLE-BED REACTOR - 277 THREE-PHASE SLURRY-REACTIVE DISTILLATION - 279 INTRODUCTION ---- 279 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 280 FLUID BED RETORTING SHALE OIL -----280 CONTENTS - XIII 13.8.1 13.8.2 13.8.3 13.8.4 13.8.5 13.8.6 13.8.7 PROJECT STARTING POINTS - 280 REACTION KINETICS, REACTORS, AND PROCESS CONCEPT SELECTIONS - 281 SHALE CHARACTERISTICS - 282 PROCESS CONCEPT - 282 PROCESS CONDITIONS - 282 PROCESS RESEARCH ITEMS - 283 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 285 REFERENCES: FLUID BED RETORTING OF SHALE - 286 INDEX - 321 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.3.1 14.3.2 14.3.3 14.3.4 14.3.5 14.3.6 14.3.7 14.3.8 14.3.9 14.4 14.4.1 14.4.2 14.5 14.5.1 14.5.2 14.5.3 14.5.4 14.6 14.7 14.7.1 EDUCATION CASE STUDY: POLYOLEFIN CRE AND SCALE-UP - 287 INTRODUCTION ---- 287 DISCOVERY-STAGE REACTOR FAMILY SELECTION - 287 CONCEPT STAGE - 288 SCALE-INDEPENDENT BASICS ---- 288 CHEMISTRY AND STOICHIOMETRY OF THE REACTION - 288 HEAT OF REACTIONS - 291 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - 292 REACTION ENGINEERING CONCEPT DESIGN - 292 SOLID-PHASE RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION - 293 MASS TRANSFER LIMITATIONS AND CONCEPT DESIGN CHOICES - 295 HEAT TRANSFER LIMITATIONS AND CONCEPT DESIGN - 297 MODELING FOR REACTOR SIZING -----303 FEASIBILITY STAGE - 304 INTRODUCTION ---- 304 COMMERCIAL-SCALE DESIGN IN FEASIBILITY STAGE - 304 DEVELOPMENT STAGE - 310 PILOT PLANT DESIGN - 310 ECONOMICS COMMERCIAL SCALE, PILOT PLANT AND MOCK-UP MODEL - 313 RISKS AND VALUE OF INFORMATION ASSESSMENT - 313 DEVELOPMENT: FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN - 315 COMMERCIAL-SCALE IMPLEMENTATION (EPC AND START-UP) - 315 EXERCISES ---- 315 EXERCISE 1: THIELE MODULUS DESCRIPTION AND CALCULATION FOR POLYOLEFIN CATALYST ---- 315 14.7.2 14.7.3 14.8 14.9 EXERCISE 2: TEMPERATURE CATALYST PARTICLE - 316 EXERCISE 3: POLYETHYLENE REACTOR DESIGN - 316 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 316 LIST OF SYMBOLS ---- 318 REFERENCES - 318
adam_txt	CONTENTS PREFACE - XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS - XXI PART A: MULTIPHASE REACTORS: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 INTRODUCTION - 3 BOOK INTRODUCTION - 3 A REACTION ENGINEER MEETS AN ELECTRONIC ENGINEER - 5 LEVENSPIEL ' S GENIUS PROBLEM 1.1 - 5 A SHORT HISTORY OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - 10 INTRODUCTION - 10 BIRTH OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - 10 FOUNDING FATHERS OF CRE - 12 CRE AS A LANGUAGE GAME - 13 DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS IN CRE: THE PERSONS BEHIND THE NUMBER - 13 REACTION ENGINEERING AS INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS DESIGN - 17 EXERCISES ---- 17 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 18 REFERENCES - 18 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 OVERVIEW OF MULTIPHASE REACTORS - 20 INTRODUCTION - 20 TWO-PHASE G-S REACTORS - 22 FIXED BED REACTORS - 22 GAS-SOLID FLUID BED REACTORS - 24 TWO-PHASE G-L AND L-L REACTORS ---- 31 GAS-LIQUID BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS - 31 CONTINUOUS AND BATCHWISE OPERATION - 33 MECHANICALLY STIRRED GAS-LIQUID REACTORS - 34 GAS-LIQUID SPRAY TOWER REACTOR AND VENTURI WASHER - 35 GAS-LIQUID PACKED BED REACTOR - 37 TWO-PHASE L-L REACTORS - 38 THREE-PHASE GAS-LIQUID-SOLID REACTORS - 40 SLURRY REACTORS (LIQUID IS CONTINUOUS PHASE) - 40 TRICKLE-BED THREE-PHASE REACTOR WITH GAS AS THE CONTINUOUS PHASE - 41 REACTORS WITH HEAT CONTROL - 43 INTRODUCTION OF REACTORS WITH HEAT CONTROL - 43 ADIABATIC HEAT CONTROL - 44 VI - CONTENTS 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 2.5.7 2.5.8 2.6 2.6.1 MULTITUBULAR FIXED BED REACTOR - 44 WALL (JACKET) HEAT EXCHANGE - 45 HEAT TRANSFER BY EVAPORATION AND A CONDENSER - 45 HEAT TRANSFER BY COILS INSIDE THE REACTOR - 45 MICROWAVES HEATING -----45 ELECTRICAL HEATING ---- 45 EXERCISES ---- 46 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: REACTOR TYPES FOR PVC DEPOLYMERIZATION START-UP COMPANY ---- 46 2.6.2 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: REACTOR TYPE OPTIONS FOR PRECIPITATION REACTION ---- 46 2.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 47 REFERENCES ---- 47 PART B: FUNDAMENTALS 3 SCALE-INDEPENDENT BASICS RELEVANT FOR ALL REACTORS - 51 3.1 REACTION STOICHIOMETRY AND KINETICS - 51 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION ----- 51 3.1.2 REACTION STOICHIOMETRY - 51 3.1.3 DEFINITION OF REACTION RATE AND KINETICS - 53 3.1.4 REACTION RATE EQUATIONS ----- 55 3.1.5 EXPERIMENTAL KINETICS DETERMINATION - 59 3.2 REACTOR PERFORMANCE DEFINITIONS - 60 3.2.1 PROCESS AND REACTOR BOUNDARIES - 60 3.2.2 REACTOR CONVERSION - 61 3.2.3 INTEGRAL VERSUS DIFFERENTIAL REACTOR SELECTIVITY - 62 3.2.4 REACTOR PRODUCTION CAPACITY - 64 3.2.5 PROCESS CONVERSION AND YIELD - 64 3.2.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS: SPACE VELOCITY, GHSV, WHSV, LHSV ---- 65 3.2.7 RESIDENCE TIME AND SPACE TIME - 67 3.2.8 LIMITING REACTANT ------ 67 3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - 68 3.3.1 REACTION MEDIUM DENSITY MODELING - 68 3.3.2 PHYSICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES - 69 3.4 REACTION ENTHALPY ------ 69 3.5 REACTION RUNAWAY BEHAVIOR - 70 3.5.1 EXAMPLE FROM JAN ' S EXPERIENCE - 71 CONTENTS - - VII 3.6 3.7 EXERCISES - 72 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 73 REFERENCES - 73 LIST OF SYMBOLS - 74 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION AND MIXING THEORY - 75 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION THEORY - 75 THE PLUG FLOW REACTOR CONCEPT: PFR - 78 THE PERFECTLY BACKMIXED REACTOR: CSTR OR CISTR - 79 INTERMEDIATE MACROMIXING - 81 TANKS-IN-SERIES CONCEPT - 81 AXIAL DISPERSION CONCEPT - 82 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS ON CONVERSION/SELECTIVITY - 84 MICROMIXING, EARLINESS OF MIXING AND SEGREGATION - 88 EARLINESS OF MIXING - 89 DEGREE OF SEGREGATION - 91 TAKEAWAY MESSAGES: MACRO AND MICROMIXING - 93 APPLICATION OF RTD THEORY TO IDEAL REACTOR TYPE SELECTION - 94 RTD OF REAL REACTORS - 94 RTD OF TWO AND THREE-PHASE FIXED BED REACTORS - 94 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION G-L BUBBLE COLUMNS - 98 BUBBLING FLUID BED RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS - 100 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION G-L-S BUBBLE COLUMNS AND FLUID BEDS - 101 EXERCISES - 102 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: RTD OF A NEW REACTOR FOR A NEW PROCESS - 102 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: FRESH COCONUT DRYING IN A FLUID BED - 103 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 3: CATALYST DEACTIVATION IN A THREE-PHASE SLURRY REACTOR - 105 4.9 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 107 REFERENCES - 107 5 5.1 5.1.1 INTER AND INTRAPHASE MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER - 109 INTRODUCTION TO MASS TRANSFER - 109 MASS TRANSFER FROM GAS PHASE TO LIQUID PHASE TO POROUS SOLID PHASE - 110 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.5 CONCEPT OF TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS - 110 MULTIPHASE MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER: INTER AND INTRAPHASE EFFECTS - 112 EXERCISE: MASS TRANSFER IN SERIES AND/OR IN PARALLEL - 112 MASS TRANSFER WITH REACTION IN GAS-LIQUID REACTORS - 113 INTRODUCTION - 113 CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENT AND THE HATTA NUMBER - 113 MASS TRANSFER IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS - 116 VIII - CONTENTS 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 INTRODUCTION ---- 116 DIFFUSION IN POROUS CATALYSTS - 118 CONSEQUENCES FOR CATALYST PERFORMANCE - 120 EFFECT ON CATALYST ACTIVITY: THIELE MODULUS AND THE CONCEPT OF EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR - 120 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.7 5.5.8 5.5.9 5.6 5.6.1 EFFECT ON APPARENT REACTION ORDERS - 126 EFFECT ON APPARENT ACTIVATION ENERGY - 127 EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND FLUID VELOCITY - 129 PORE DIFFUSION AND CATALYST DESIGN IN TERMS OF SIZE AND SHAPES - 130 EXAMPLE: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE TRILOBES - 131 EXERCISES---- 134 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: CATALYST PARTICLE SIZE AND SHAPE FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF MPC - 134 5.6.2 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: DIFFUSION AND DEACTIVATION FOR BIMODAL PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ---- 135 5.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 138 REFERENCES - 138 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 QUANTIFICATION OF MASS TRANSFER IN G-L(-S) REACTORS - 140 INTRODUCTION - 140 MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS AND SHERWOOD NUMBERS - 141 QUANTIFIED MASS TRANSFER TWO AND THREE-PHASE BUBBLE COLUMNS - 142 GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN HORIZONTAL BUBBLE COLUMNS - 143 LIQUID-SOLID MASS TRANSFER IN THREE-PHASE BUBBLE COLUMNS ---- 144 SHEAR RATE DISTRIBUTION COMMERCIAL SCALE ON BUBBLES AND DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION - 144 6.3.4 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.6 6.7 PARTICLE (CATALYST) BREAKAGE AND ATTRITION - 145 G-L-S MASS TRANSFER IN TRICKLE-BED REACTORS - 145 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION METHODS FOR INTERFACE TRANSFER - 147 ROTATING REACTORS - 147 OTHER PROCESS INTENSIFIED REACTORS ---- 148 EXERCISES - 148 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 149 REFERENCES - 149 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 HEAT MANAGEMENT - 151 INTRODUCTION ---- 151 THEORY NONISOTHERMAL BEHAVIOR REACTORS - 151 NONISOTHERMAL BACKMIXED REACTOR - 153 NONISOTHERMAL TUBULAR REACTOR - 156 REACTOR DESIGN TO AVOID TEMPERATURE RUNAWAY - 157 CONTENTS - IX 7.2.4 QUANTIFIED HEAT TRANSFER FOR TWO AND THREE-PHASE SLURRY AND FLUID BED REACTORS - 161 7.2.5 7.3 7.4 7.5 MECHANICALLY STIRRED REACTOR HEAT TRANSFER - 164 REACTOR OPERATION AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR - 164 EXERCISES - 166 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 166 REFERENCES - 166 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 MULTIPHASE REACTOR MODELING - 168 INTRODUCTION - 168 MODELS FOR AND TWO AND THREE-PHASE FIXED BED REACTORS - 170 ADIABATIC VERSUS NONADIABATIC - 170 PSEUDO-HOMOGENEOUS MODELS - 171 HETEROGENEOUS MODELS - 174 CFD MODELS ---- 175 MODELS FOR TRICKLE-BED REACTORS - 176 CO-CURRENT TRICKLE-BED - 176 ADIABATIC TRICKLE-BED - 176 MULTITUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGE TRICKLE-BED - 176 COUNTERCURRENT TRICKLE-BED FLOW - 176 MODELS FOR BUBBLE COLUMNS - 177 MODELS FOR G/L BUBBLE COLUMNS - 177 CFD MODELS FOR G/L/S (SLURRY) BUBBLE COLUMNS ---- 177 MODELS FOR FLUID BEDS - 178 MODELS FOR G/S FLUID BEDS - 178 CFD MODELS FOR L/S FLUID BEDS ---- 178 CFD MODELS FOR THREE-PHASE MECHANICALLY STIRRED FED-BATCH REACTORS - 178 8.6 8.6.1 8.7 EXERCISES ---- 179 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: TRICKLE-BED REACTOR - 179 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 179 REFERENCES - 180 PART C: STAGE-GATE INNOVATION METHODS 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 STAGE-GATE INNOVATION METHODS - 183 INTRODUCTION ---- 183 INNOVATION STAGES OVERVIEW - 184 DISCOVERY STAGE - 184 CONCEPT STAGE - 184 FEASIBILITY STAGE - 184 X - - CONTENTS 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.3 DEVELOPMENT STAGE ---- 185 ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT CONSTRUCTION STAGE - 185 OPERATION STAGE ---- 185 ABANDON STAGE - 185 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS ---- 185 REFERENCES - 186 10 10.1 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.3 MULTIPHASE REACTOR SELECTION - 187 INTRODUCTION ---- 187 CRITICAL REVIEW SOME ACADEMIC METHODS REACTOR SELECTION - 187 REACTOR FAMILY TREE SELECTION ---- 187 THREE-LEVEL MULTIPHASE REACTOR SELECTION METHOD ---- 188 REACTOR SELECTION METHOD WHEN SCALE-UP RISK IS LOW FOR REACTOR TYPES CONSIDERED - 189 10.4 10.4.1 10.4.2 10.4.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL REACTOR SELECTION AND ITS PRACTICE - 189 INTRODUCTION - 189 IDEATION STAGE REACTOR TYPE SELECTION - 192 THE POWER OF REACTOR SELECTION IN THE IDEATION STAGE: SHELL SHALE FLUID BED CASE - 193 10.5 10.5.1 10.5.2 10.5.3 REACTOR TYPE SELECTION IN THE VARIOUS INNOVATION STAGES - 195 CONCEPT PHASE REACTOR SELECTION - 195 FEASIBILITY STAGE REACTOR SELECTION - 198 DEVELOPMENT STAGE FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN REACTOR SELECTION - 202 10.5.4 ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT CONSTRUCTION (EPC) STAGE REACTOR SELECTION - 202 10.6 10.6.1 10.6.2 10.6.3 10.7 EXERCISES - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 1: REACTOR TYPE SELECTION IN IDEATION STAGE - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 2: REACTOR SELECTION CONCEPT STAGE - 203 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE 3: REACTOR FAMILY-TYPE SELECTION IDEATION STAGE ---- 204 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 205 REFERENCES - 205 11 11.1 11.2 NEW REACTION SYSTEMS THROUGH ALL INNOVATION STAGES - 206 INTRODUCTION ---- 206 IDEATION STAGE (ALSO CALLED DISCOVERY STAGE, OR EARLY RESEARCH STAGE) - 206 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.3 11.3.1 IDEATION STAGE DESIGN - 206 IDEATION STAGE MODELING - 207 IDEATION STAGE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENTS - 207 CONCEPT STAGE (ALSO CALLED RESEARCH STAGE) - 207 CONCEPT DESIGN - 207 CONTENTS - XI 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.4 CONCEPT MODELING - 211 EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION ---- 211 FEASIBILITY STAGE DESIGN (ALSO CALLED FIRST PART OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) ---- 212 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.4.5 11.5 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 11.6 INTRODUCTION ---- 212 REACTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OVERVIEW - 212 CRITICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS FOR COMMERCIAL-SCALE REACTORS - 213 REACTOR SCALE-UP METHODS AND APPLICATIONS - 216 COLD FLOW TEST RIGS ---- 223 DEVELOPMENT STAGE ---- 224 INTRODUCTION ---- 224 PILOT PLANT AND TEST PROGRAM EXECUTION - 224 FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN - 224 ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION (EPC) STAGE (ALSO CALLED EXECUTION STAGE) - 226 11.6.1 11.6.2 11.6.3 11.7 11.8 11.8.1 11.9 CONTRACTOR CHOICE AND CO-OPERATION - 226 REACTOR PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION - 227 COMMISSIONING ---- 227 START-UP AND NORMAL OPERATION (ALSO CALLED DEMONSTRATION STAGE) - 227 EXERCISES---- 228 INDUSTRIAL EXERCISE: GLUCOSE TO ETHYLENE GLYCOL - 228 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 229 REFERENCES - 230 PART D: EDUCATION 12 12.1 12.2 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.5.1 EDUCATION GUIDELINES - 235 INTRODUCTION ---- 235 CHALLENGES IN CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING EDUCATION - 235 FROM JAN ' S RECOLLECTION ---- 235 FROM RENE ' S RECOLLECTION - 238 CRE AS A LANGUAGE GAME LINKED TO TEACHING - 238 GUIDELINES TO USE THIS BOOK IN ACADEMIC EDUCATION - 239 GUIDELINES TO USE THIS BOOK IN INDUSTRY - 240 EDUCATION OPTIONS FOR INDUSTRY PRACTITIONERS - 240 LEARNING COURSE: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND PROCESS CONCEPT DESIGN FOR NONCHEMICAL ENGINEERS - 240 12.5.2 HANDS-ON COURSE: INDUSTRIAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CONCEPTUAL PROCESS DESIGN - 241 12.5.3 COURSE PROGRAM - 241 XII - CONTENTS 12.6 POSITION OF REACTION ENGINEERING IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM ---- 244 12.7 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS -----244 REFERENCES - 245 13 13.1 13.2 13.2.1 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.2.4 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 13.3.3 13.3.4 13.3.5 13.3.6 13.3.7 13.4 13.4.1 13.4.2 13.4.3 13.4.4 13.5 INDUSTRIAL CASES - 246 INTRODUCTION ---- 246 GAS-TO-LIQUID (GTL) SHELL CASE ---- 246 INTRODUCTION TO GTL CASE - 246 A CONSECUTIVE OR A PARALLEL REACTION? ---- 247 FLORY-SCHULZ DISTRIBUTIONS -----248 WHY SHELL EXPERTS " LIKE " FIXED BED REACTORS FOR GTL? - 250 ETHYL BENZENE PEROXIDATION REACTOR (EBHP) - 254 INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE - 254 REACTION DESCRIPTION - 255 THE LIQUID-PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 256 RESULTS OF THE LIQUID-PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 257 RESULTS OF THE GAS PHASE RTD EXPERIMENTS - 259 COMMERCIAL PLANT IMPROVEMENTS - 263 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 264 A NEW CATALYST SHAPE: PRESSURE DROP AND PACKING DENSITY - 265 INTRODUCTION -----265 INITIAL EVALUATION - 266 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS - 267 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS -----267 HEAVY RESIDUE OIL UPGRADING: REACTOR TYPE SELECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT - 268 13.5.1 13.5.2 13.5.3 HEAVY RESIDUE UPGRADING INTRODUCTION ---- 268 HEAVY RESIDUE UPGRADING REACTION CHEMISTRY - 269 SHELL BUNKER FLOW SELECTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT TO COMMERCIAL SCALE - 270 13.5.4 LC-FININGYY RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING IN THREE-PHASE SLURRY-EBULLATED-BED REACTOR - 274 13.5.5 13.5.6 13.5.7 13.5.8 13.6 13.7 13.7.1 13.7.2 13.8 HEAVY OIL UPGRADING BY COKING WITH EXXON FLEXICOKER FLUID BED - 275 REACTOR TYPE COMPARISON - HEAVY PETROLEUM UPGRADE - 275 EXERCISES---- 276 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 276 REACTOR STABILITY IN AN ADIABATIC TRICKLE-BED REACTOR - 277 THREE-PHASE SLURRY-REACTIVE DISTILLATION - 279 INTRODUCTION ---- 279 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 280 FLUID BED RETORTING SHALE OIL -----280 CONTENTS - XIII 13.8.1 13.8.2 13.8.3 13.8.4 13.8.5 13.8.6 13.8.7 PROJECT STARTING POINTS - 280 REACTION KINETICS, REACTORS, AND PROCESS CONCEPT SELECTIONS - 281 SHALE CHARACTERISTICS - 282 PROCESS CONCEPT - 282 PROCESS CONDITIONS - 282 PROCESS RESEARCH ITEMS - 283 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 285 REFERENCES: FLUID BED RETORTING OF SHALE - 286 INDEX - 321 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.3.1 14.3.2 14.3.3 14.3.4 14.3.5 14.3.6 14.3.7 14.3.8 14.3.9 14.4 14.4.1 14.4.2 14.5 14.5.1 14.5.2 14.5.3 14.5.4 14.6 14.7 14.7.1 EDUCATION CASE STUDY: POLYOLEFIN CRE AND SCALE-UP - 287 INTRODUCTION ---- 287 DISCOVERY-STAGE REACTOR FAMILY SELECTION - 287 CONCEPT STAGE - 288 SCALE-INDEPENDENT BASICS ---- 288 CHEMISTRY AND STOICHIOMETRY OF THE REACTION - 288 HEAT OF REACTIONS - 291 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - 292 REACTION ENGINEERING CONCEPT DESIGN - 292 SOLID-PHASE RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION - 293 MASS TRANSFER LIMITATIONS AND CONCEPT DESIGN CHOICES - 295 HEAT TRANSFER LIMITATIONS AND CONCEPT DESIGN - 297 MODELING FOR REACTOR SIZING -----303 FEASIBILITY STAGE - 304 INTRODUCTION ---- 304 COMMERCIAL-SCALE DESIGN IN FEASIBILITY STAGE - 304 DEVELOPMENT STAGE - 310 PILOT PLANT DESIGN - 310 ECONOMICS COMMERCIAL SCALE, PILOT PLANT AND MOCK-UP MODEL - 313 RISKS AND VALUE OF INFORMATION ASSESSMENT - 313 DEVELOPMENT: FRONT-END ENGINEERING DESIGN - 315 COMMERCIAL-SCALE IMPLEMENTATION (EPC AND START-UP) - 315 EXERCISES ---- 315 EXERCISE 1: THIELE MODULUS DESCRIPTION AND CALCULATION FOR POLYOLEFIN CATALYST ---- 315 14.7.2 14.7.3 14.8 14.9 EXERCISE 2: TEMPERATURE CATALYST PARTICLE - 316 EXERCISE 3: POLYETHYLENE REACTOR DESIGN - 316 TAKEAWAY LEARNING POINTS - 316 LIST OF SYMBOLS ---- 318 REFERENCES - 318
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author	Harmsen, Jan Bos, René
author_GND	(DE-588)1295223376 (DE-588)1295223627
author_facet	Harmsen, Jan Bos, René
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author_sort	Harmsen, Jan
author_variant	j h jh r b rb
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV049107590
classification_rvk	VN 7320 VN 7300
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1390740500 (DE-599)DNB1278594914
dewey-full	660.2832
dewey-hundreds	600 - Technology (Applied sciences)
dewey-ones	660 - Chemical engineering
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dewey-search	660.2832
dewey-sort	3660.2832
dewey-tens	660 - Chemical engineering
discipline	Chemie / Pharmazie
discipline_str_mv	Chemie / Pharmazie
format	Book
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id	DE-604.BV049107590
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T22:34:07Z
indexdate	2024-08-14T00:09:08Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)10095502-2
isbn	9783110713763
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034368974
oclc_num	1390740500
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-703 DE-11
owner_facet	DE-703 DE-11
physical	XIX, 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme
publishDate	2023
publishDateSearch	2023
publishDateSort	2023
publisher	De Gruyter
record_format	marc
series2	De Gruyter graduate
spelling	Harmsen, Jan Verfasser (DE-588)1295223376 aut Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications Jan Harmsen, René Bos Berlin De Gruyter [2023] © 2023 XIX, 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier De Gruyter graduate Mehrphasenreaktor (DE-588)4125884-8 gnd rswk-swf Chemieingeniurwesen Chemische Technik Verfahrenstechnik Chemical Reaction Engineering Three-Phase Reactors Reactor Selection Scale-up Residence-Time Distribution Mass Transfer Heat Transfer Chemical Technology Chemical Engineering Process Engineering TB: Textbook Chemical Reaction Engineering;Three-Phase Reactors;Reactor Selection;Scale-up;Residence-Time Distribution;Mass Transfer;Heat Transfer;Chemical Technology;Chemical Engineering;Process Engineering; Mehrphasenreaktor (DE-588)4125884-8 s DE-604 Bos, René Verfasser (DE-588)1295223627 aut Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)10095502-2 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-11-071377-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-11-071384-8 X:MVB https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110713763 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1278594914/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034368974&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Harmsen, Jan Bos, René Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications Mehrphasenreaktor (DE-588)4125884-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4125884-8
title	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications
title_auth	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications
title_exact_search	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications
title_exact_search_txtP	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications
title_full	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications Jan Harmsen, René Bos
title_fullStr	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications Jan Harmsen, René Bos
title_full_unstemmed	Multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications Jan Harmsen, René Bos
title_short	Multiphase reactors
title_sort	multiphase reactors reaction engineering concepts selection and industrial applications
title_sub	reaction engineering concepts, selection, and industrial applications
topic	Mehrphasenreaktor (DE-588)4125884-8 gnd
topic_facet	Mehrphasenreaktor
url	https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110713763 https://d-nb.info/1278594914/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034368974&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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