A compendium of world sovereigns: Volume 3 Early Modern
The Early Modern volume begins with Eastern and Western Europe and moves through the Ottoman Empire, South and East Asia, Africa, and ends in Central and South America. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume III Early Modern provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2023
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The Early Modern volume begins with Eastern and Western Europe and moves through the Ottoman Empire, South and East Asia, Africa, and ends in Central and South America. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume III Early Modern provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support their studies and to fact check dates, people, and places. |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 665 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781032362007 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a The Early Modern volume begins with Eastern and Western Europe and moves through the Ottoman Empire, South and East Asia, Africa, and ends in Central and South America. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume III Early Modern provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support their studies and to fact check dates, people, and places. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Section One: Europe, Major States 1 England! Wales!Ireland 1 The Tudor Succession 1 The Protectorate Council of State, December 1653-April 1659 7 Restored Monarchy 9 Hanoverians and Windsors 10 Queens Consort of England!Great Britain! UK 13 British Governments: 1721-1914 14 Prime Ministers 14 English!British Secretaries of State, 1660-1782: Effectively Foreign Ministers 16 Secretaries of State for the Northern Department 16 Secretaries of State for Southern Department 20 Foreign Secretaries: From 1782 22 Secretaries of State for the Colonies 1854-1908 31 Secretaries of State: Scottish Department 33 Ireland - Lords Lieutenants, Governors, and Viceroys 1486-1905 33 Scotland to 1603: Sovereigns 39 Longest Reigns to 1707 39 Oldest Sovereigns to 1707 40 Shortest Reigns to 1707 40 Queens and Kings Consort of Scotland 40 Scottish Coronations 41 Section Two: Europe, States (1): West, Centre, North France 97 Sovereigns ofFrance 97 Bourbons 97 French Ministries 99 Constitutional Monarchy 99 Mar-Jun 1792 99 Jun-Aug 1792 99 97
vi Contents Aug 1792—Apr 1793: Republic: Jacobin!Girondin ‘Executive Committee’ 99 April 1793-Dec 1794: (Jacobin) Committee of Public Safety 100 The Directorate, Oct 1795-Nov 1799 100 Nov 1799-May 1804: Consulate 101 French Empire (1) 101 Sub-Kingdoms of the Napoleonic Empire 101 Monarchy: Bourbons 102 French Empire (2) 102 Monarchy: Bourbons 103 Bourbon-Orleans 103 Prime Ministers 104 French Empire (3) 104 Prime Ministers 105 Titular Heads of HouselKings 105 Bourbon 105 Bourbon-Orleans 105 France - Longest Reigns (Sixth Century to Twentieth Century) 106 Greatest Age Reached 106 Youngest To Assume Throne 107 Queens Consort of France 107 France - Presidentsfrom 1871 109 Prime Ministers From 1871 109 Sovereigns of Spain (And Naples Sicily To 1713, and Milan; Northern Netherlands!Dutch State to 1572, and Southern Netherlands!Belgium to 1713) and Mexico from 1519-1822; Peru from 1532 120 Spain ֊ Longest-Ruling Monarchs 123 Oldest Monarchs at Death 123 Youngest at Accession 123 Queens and Kings Consort of Spain 124 Spain: Presidents of Regency 125 Spain: Acting Presidents 126 Prime Ministers 126 Emperors of the Holy Roman EmpireiAustria-Hungary 130 Emperors of Austria 133 Longest-Ruling Emperors (from 800 to end of20th century) 134 Greatest Age Reached (from 800 to end of 20th century) 134 Youngest at Accession 134 Austria: Prime Ministers 135 Hungary: Prime Ministers 135 Imperial Coronation Dates 140 Empresses of Holy Roman Empire! (1806167) Austria-Hungary 141 Sovereigns of Portugal 143 Longest Reigns 145
Contents vii Greatest Age Reached 146 Youngest at Accession 146 QueensIKings-Consort of Portugal 146 Prime Ministers of Portugal 148 Kings!Queens Regnant of Poland 149 Longest Reigns 151 Oldest King at Death 152 Youngest King at Accession 152 Queens Consort of Poland 152 Livonian Order: Masters of the Knights 154 Rulers of the Netherlands 154 Holland!Netherlandsfrom 1572: Incorporates Belgium, 1815-30 154 Kingdom of Holland 156 Longest-Ruling Sovereigns 156 Oldest Sovereigns at Death 157 Youngest Sovereigns at Accession 157 Queens and Princes Consort of the Netherlands 157 Kings of the Belgians 160 Longest-Reigning Kings 160 Oldest at Death 160 Youngest at Accession 161 Queens Consort of the Belgians 161 Grand Dukes of Luxembourg 162 Kings!Queens Regnant of Hungary 162 Longest Reigns 165 Oldest-Surviving Monarchs 165 Youngest at Accession 165 Sovereigns of Bohemia 166 Longest Reigns 168 Oldest at Death 168 Youngest at Accession 168 Queens Consort of Bohemia 168 Sovereigns of Denmark (and Norway to 1814) 169 Longest Reigns 170 Oldest at Death 171 Youngest at Accession 171 Queens Consort of Denmark 171 Denmark: Prime Ministers 173 Sovereigns of Sweden 173 House of Bernadotte 176 Longest Reigns 176 Oldest at Death 177 Youngest at Accession 177 Queens Consort of Sweden 177
viii Contents Prime Ministers of Sweden 179 Sovereigns of Serbia 181 Princes to 1882, thence Kings 181 Princes of Serbia 182 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenesl(1929) Yugoslavia 183 Oldest at Death (Includes Medieval Princes!Kings) 183 Youngest at Accession (Ditto) 183 Queens Consort of Serbia! Yugoslavia 183 Kings and Princes of Bulgaria (Modern) 185 Queens Consort of Modern Bulgaria 185 Prime Ministers of Bulgaria 186 Sovereigns of Roumania: Prince to 1882, thence king 187 Queens Consort of Roumania 187 Sovereigns of Modern Greece 188 Modern Greek Queens Consort 189 Greece: Prime Ministers 190 Prince-Bishops!(1852) Princesl(1910) Kings of Montenegro 191 Longest Reigns 192 Oldest at Death 192 Youngest at Accession 192 Princes of Liechtenstein 193 Longest Reigns 194 Oldest at Death 194 Youngest at Accession 194 Princes of Monaco 194 Oldest at Death 196 Youngest at Accession 196 Grand Dukes of Moscow and Czars of All the Russias’ 197 Moscow 197 Longest Reigns 201 Oldest at Death 201 Youngest at Accession 201 Imperial Coronations 201 Czarinas of Russia 202 Chairmen of Council of Ministers, Russia 205 Foreign Ministers 205 Section Three: European States, Contd Counts of Savoy and Piedmontl(1714) Kings of Sardinial(1860) Kings of Italy 217 Queens Consort of Sardinia!Italy 219 Duchy of Montferrat (House of Paleologus, descendedfrom Byzantine Imperial Family) 220 217
Contents ix Longest Reigns - Montferrat 220 Carrara - Malaspina Dynasty 221 Longest Reigns in Carrara 221 Duchy of Milan: Sforza Dynasty 222 Dukes of Modena (and Ferrara to 1597): House of D’Este 222 Oldest at Death 224 Youngest at Accession 224 Duchesses of Modena 224 Margravate! (1530) Duchy of Mantua 224 House of Gonzaga 225 Dukes of Urbino 226 Montefeltro Family 226 Duchy (1533)IGrand Duchy (1569) of Florence 228 (Grand) Duchesses of Florence 230 Duchy of Parma 233 Doges of Venice 236 Duchy of Lucca 239 Kingdom of Naples and Sicily 240 House of Bourbon 241 Longest Reigns 242 Oldest at Death 242 Queens of Naples!(1815) the Two Sicilies 243 Popes (Bishops of Rome) 243 Longest-Serving Popes 246 Malta - Grand Masters of the Knights of St. John 249 Section Four: Rulers in Germany Electors of Brandenburg!(1701) Kings iniof Prussial(1871) German Emperors 251 Longest-Ruling Sovereigns of Brandenburg!Prussia! Germany 253 Oldest at Death 253 Youngest at Accession 253 Queens of Prussial(1871) Empresses of Germany 253 Ansbach!Bayreuth 255 Prussia-Dukes 255 Electors of Bavaria 259 Longest Reigns 261 Oldest at Death 261 Youngest at Accession 261 Electorate!(1806) Kingdom of Saxony 262 Saxony: Duchy (contd.) 263 House of Wettin 263 Longest Reigns 265 251
x Contents Oldest at Death 265 Youngest at Accession 266 Junior Saxon Duchies (Ernestine Line) 266 Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach and Coburg 266 Dukes of Saxe-Altenberg to 1672 (Union with Gotha) 267 Dukes of Saxe-Hildeburghausen!(1825) Altenberg 267 Dukes of Saxe-Gotha 268 Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld!(1826) Gotha 268 Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen 269 Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 270 Dukes!Grand Dukes of Baden 271 Baden-Durlach 271 Longest Reigns 273 Oldest at Death 273 Youngest at Accession 273 Dukes!(1806) Kings of Wurtemmberg 274 Longest Reigns 276 Oldest at Death 276 Youngest at Accession 276 ‘Counts Palatine of the Rhine’l(1356) Electors Palatine’ of the Palatinate 277 Neuberg!Zweibrucken: Counts and Dukes 278 Neuberg- Palatinate: Electors 278 Hesse: Grand Duchy of Hesse 278 Landgraves¡Grand Dukes ofHesse 278 Landgraves!(1803) Electors of Hesse-Cassel 279 Landgravesll(1806) Grand Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt 280 Duchy of Hesse-Homburg 282 Julich-Berg-Cleves (NWRhine) 283 Dukes of Cleves 283 Julich-Cleves 283 Duchy of Luneburg!Brunswick-Luneburg 284 Brunswick- Calenberg- Gottingen 284 Luneburg 284 Duchy of Wolfenbuttel 285 Duchy of Brunswick! Calenburg and Celle ( Luneburg 1598) 285 Duchy of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel 287 CountyIDuchy (1829 Grand Duchy) of Oldenburg 288 Dukes: 289 Dukes of Mecklenberg 290 Dukes/(1815) Grand Dukes of Mecklenberg (-Schwerin (1692)) 291 Dukes!(1815) Grand Dukes of Mecklenberg-Strelitz 292 Dukes!(1807) Grand Dukes ofAnhalt (-Dessau 1586) 293 Dukes of Anhalt-Zerbst 295
Contents xi Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp 295 Schleswig-Holstein and its Duchies 296 Glucksburg 296 Dukes of S. H. Sonderburg-Augustenburg 297 Dukes of S.H. Sonderburg-Glucksburg to 1779 297 Dukes of S. H. Sonderburg-BeckH(1825) Glucksburg 297 The Rhineland Episcopal Electorates 299 (1) Archbishop-Electors of Trier 299 (2) Archbishop-Electors of Cologne 299 (3) Archbishop-Electors of Mainz 301 Princes of Lippe 301 Schaumburg-Lippe 302 Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont 303 Tyrol 303 Habsburg Dukes of Tyrol (Upper Austria) 303 Dukes of Styria 304 Habsburg Dukes of Styria and Carinthia (Inner Austria) 304 Dukes of Lorraine 304 Dukes!Duchesses of Courland 306 Transylvania: Princes 307 Princes of Wallachia 308 Hospodars of Moldavia 312 Section Five: Sovereigns of the Islamic World Yemen: Qasimi Dynasty 317 ImamatelKingdom of the Yemen 318 Dynasties of Morocco 318 Wattasids 318 Sa did Dynasty 319 AlawidlAlouite Dynasty 320 Khanate of Kazan 323 Khanate of Astrakhan 325 Khanate of the Crimea ('Girai’ Dynasty) 325 Ottoman Sultanate 329 Mameluke Sultans 337 Egypt: Dynasty of Mohammed Ali 337 Tunisia 341 Deys under Ottoman Rule 341 Beys: Muradid Dynasty 343 Husainid Dynasty 343 Libya: Qaramanli Dynasty 345 Emirate of Tripolitania!Libya 346 Sharifs of Mecca 347 317
xii Contents Emirate of Nejd!Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 349 South Yemen - Sultanate of Lahej 351 South Yemen - Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 352 South Yemen - Sultanate of Beihan 352 South Yemen - Qu’ Uaiti Sultanate 352 South Yemen ֊ Wahidi Sultanate 353 Sultanate of Oman 353 (Al Ви Said Dynasty) 354 Persian Gulf States 355 Emirate of Abu Dhabi 355 Emirate ofDubai (Al-Makhtum Dynasty) 356 Sultanate of Sharjah (Qasimi Dynasty) 356 Ras-Al-Khaimah (Al-Qasimi Dynasty) 357 Umm Al-Qawayn 357 Qatar (Al Ви Thani’ Dynasty) 357 Bahrein (Al Ви Khalifa’ Dynasty) 358 Kuwait (Al Bu Sabah’ Dynasty) 359 Section Six: The Islamic World, Contd; Iran, Central Asia, India, SE Asia Iran 361 Safavid Dynasty 361 Afghan Dynasty (See Also Afghanistan) 363 Afshar Dynasty 363 Zand Dynasty 364 Qajar Dynasty 364 Afghanistan 366 Hotaki Dynasty (See Also Rulers of Iran) 366 Durrani Dynasty 367 Emirates!Khanates of Central Asia 370 Khanate of Khiva 370 Khanate of Bukhara 371 Haidarid Dynasty 371 Khanate of Samarkand 372 Shaibanid Dynasty 372 Janid Dynasty (Astrakhanidsj 372 Emirate of Ferghana 373 Khanate of Khokand 374 Khotan: Tuqluq Temurid Dynasty 375 Khotan - Khwaja Dynasty 375 Kashgar - Khwaja Dynasty 375 Mughal Empire 378 (Suri Afghans) 378 (Mughals) 379 361
Contents Mughal Imperial Wives, Including Empresses 380 British Rule of India 383 Presidents of the Madras Settlement, East India Company 383 Governors of Fort William! Calcutta 385 Governor ֊ Generals ofBengal!'Presidency of Fort William 385 Governor-Generals of India 386 Viceroys of India 386 Presidents of the Board of Control (India Board) 387 Longest-Serving Presidents of Board of Control 389 Secretaries of State for India, 1858-1948 (and Burma, 1935-48) 389 Longest-Serving Secretaries of State for India 390 Younges at Appointment 391 British Governors 391 Bombay: Governors of Presidency 391 Madras: Govenors of Presidency 392 North-West Province (Capital: Agra) andfrom 1902 Also Oudh, as United Provinces 392 Punjab: Lieutenant-Governors to 1921 393 South and East Asia 394 Vijayanagar Empire 394 Moslem Dynasties 396 Gujarat: Muzaffarid Dynasty 397 Khandesh: Farruqi Dynasty 398 Deccan: Bahmanid Dynasty 399 Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar 400 Malwa 401 Bidar: Barid Shahi Dynasty 401 Bijapur: Adil Shahi Dynasty 402 Sultans of Kashmir 402 Doghra Dynasty 403 Golconda: Qutb Shahi Dynasty 404 Berar: Imad Shahi Dynasty 405 Hindu 'Maratha’ Confederacy 406 Hereditary Chief Ministers ('Peshwas’) of Maratha Conf.Bhonsle Dynasty 407 Maharajas of Jaipur!Amber 408 Maharajahs of MewarlUdaipur 409 Rajahs!(1708) Maharajahs of Jodhpur 411 Rulers of Jaisalmer 414 Moslem Governors for Mughals 414 ‘Nawabs’ of Bengal 414 Nawabs of AwadhIOudh 416 Nizams of Hyderabad 417 Baroda: Gaekwad Dynasty (Marathas) 418 xiii
xiv Contents Indore: Maratha Dynasty 419 Gwalior: Scindia Dynasty (Marathas) 420 Rajahs (1852 Maharajahs) of Bikaner 421 Maharajahas of Coch Behar (Assam) 423 Narayan Dynasty of West (Coch/Koch) Behar 423 MysorelMisura 424 Sikh Maharajahs of Lahore 426 Rajahs of Kangra 428 Minor Lines, Vassals to British 429 Dynasty of Chitral: Katar Family 429 Yusufzai Dynasty of Swat 430 Nepal 431 Malla Dynasty of Katmandu 431 Nepal ֊ Gorkhas (Shah Dynasty) 432 CeyloniSri Lanka 434 Kingdom of Cotte!(1565) Columba 434 Kingdom of Badulla!(1630) Kandy 434 Sultanate of the Maldives 435 Section Seven: Southeast and East Asia Burma!Myanmar 437 Mon Kingdom of Pegu (Hamsawaddy Dynasty) 437 Kingdom of Ava (Innwa) 437 Tungoo Dynasty 438 Alaungpaya Dynasty 439 Principal Queens Consort of Burma 440 Tungoo Dynasty 440 Alaungpaya Dynasty 441 British Colony of Burma: Chief Commissioners ofLower Burma! Burma and (1897) Lieutenant-Governors of Burma 442 Kingdoms of Thailand 443 Ayuthia!Ayodhya 444 Rama (Chakri) Dynasty of Bangkok 445 Queens!Princesses Consort of Thailand: Chakri Dynasty 446 Malaysia: Sultanates and Other Kingdoms 447 Sultanate of Pahang 448 Sultans of Kedah 448 Sultanate of Johore 449 Sultans of Perak 451 Sultans of Trengganu 453 Sultans of Selangor 453 Rajahs of Perlis 454 Sultans of Kelantan 454 437
Contents XV Rulers of the ‘Negri Sembilan (‘Nine States’) Federation: (‘Yang Di-Pertuan) 454 Rajahdom of Sarawak 455 Former States of Malay Straits and Indonesia 456 Sultanate of AchehlAceh 456 Sultans of Bantam (Java) 457 Sultanate of Demak 458 Sultans of Mataram 458 Jogjakarta 459 Sultanate ofBrunei 461 Kingdom of Cambodia 462 Vietnam 466 Later Le Dynasty 466 Trinh Lords of Northern Vietnam 468 Kingdom ofAnnam: Nguyen Dynasty 469 Emperors of Vietnam: Kay Son Dynasty 469 Emperors of Vietnam: Nguyen Dynasty 470 Laos 471 Kingdom of Lan Chang 471 Kingdom of Luang Prabang: Lan Chang Dynasty 471 Kingdom of Bhutan 473 Sikkim: Namgyal Dynasty 473 Kingdom of Tibet 474 MongolsITibet: Khans of the Kalkhas and Chauhars 475 Khans of the Oirats 476 Dalai Lamas 477 China: Ming Dynasty 479 Ming Claimants in Southern China 480 Qin (Ch’in) ManchuDynasty 480 Rulers of Manchuria, Using the Imperial Title 481 Qin Dynasty in China 481 Empresses of China: Ming 483 Empresses: Manelius!Qing, China from 1644 483 ManchulQin Dynasty 486 Kingdom of Ladakh (TibetUndia) 488 Kingdoms ofKorea 489 ChosonUoseon Dynasty 490 Queens!Empresses ofKorea 491 Japan: Emperors 494 Yamato Dynasty 494 Dynasty at Kyoto 495 Modern Era: Capital at Tokyo (Edo) 496 Japan: Empresses Consort 496 Japan: Shoguns 497
xvi Contents Tokugawa Shoguns 498 Capital at Tokyo 498 Sultans of Sulu (Philippines) 500 Section Eight: Australia/New Zealand/Oceania, Africa, The Americas African Sovereigns 503 Ethiopia (a.k.a. Abyssinia) 503 Sultans!Emirs of Adal and Harar (Ethiopia) 508 Sultanate of Kilwa (Tanzania) 509 Mombasa (Kenya) 511 Mazrui ‘Shaikhs’ 511 Zanzibar: Al Ви Said Dynasty 511 Kingdom of Buganda (Uganda) 512 Kingdom of Rwanda 514 Kingdom of (B)Urundi 515 Minor Kingdoms of North- West Tanzania 516 Sudan 516 Funj Dynasty of Sennar 517 Sultans of Darfur 519 Kanem-Bornu State (Chad) 519 Fulani Sultanatel Caliphate of Sokoto 522 Rulers at Sokoto 523 Emirs of Gwandu 523 Rulers of the Hausa States (Nigeria) 524 Katsina 524 Kano: Fulani Emirs 525 Daura 525 llorín (S. Nigeria) 526 Kingdom of Oyo 526 Kingdom of Benin: Obas’ (Kings) 528 British Vassals 529 Dahomey (Benin) 530 Songhai Empire of Gao (Niger) 531 Kingdom ofAshanti (Ghana) 532 Kingdom of OugadougoidWagadougou (Burkina Fasso) 534 Bambara States of West Mali 535 Kaarta: Kings 535 Kingdom of'Monomatapa’ (Mwene Mutapa) 536 Ndebele (Matabele) Kings 538 Lesotho 538 Swaziland!Mswatini 539 Zulu Kingdom 540 Congo: Ba-Kongo Kingdom 541 503
Contents xvii Shaba: Luba Kingdoms and Lunda Empire 545 British Colonial Authorities: Africa 547 Governors of the ‘Gold Coast’ (Ghana) 547 Governors of Sierra Leone 548 Commissioners of the Niger Protectorate 549 High Commissioners of Southern Nigeria 549 H. C. of Northern Nigeria Protectorate 549 Governors!Commissioners of Uganda 550 Governors of Nyasaland (Aka Central African Protectorate) 550 Governors of Bechuanaland 550 Governors of British Mashonaland 550 Governors of British North Zambezia 550 British South Africa: Prime Ministers 550 Independent Boer Republic of South Africa! Transvaal Republic 551 Madagascar 553 (1) Local Kingdoms 553 (2): Merina Empire 554 Pacific Ocean 555 Australia 555 Provincial Premiers 558 New South Wales 558 Victoria 559 South Australia 560 Tasmania 561 New Zealand: Maori 563 (1) Ngati Tuwharetoa 563 (2) Waikato: ‘Kings’ 563 New Zealand: British Colony: Prime Ministers 565 Governors (Gov-Generalfrom 1917) 566 Kingdom of Hawaii 567 Kingdom of Tonga 569 Tui Tonga Rulers 570 Kings 571 Americas 572 Aztec ‘Great Speakers’ 572 Emperors of Brazil 574 Inca Rulers (Peru) 575 North America 577 British Colonies of North America 577 United States of America 595 Presidents 595 United States: Vice-Presidents 597 USA: Secretaries of State 599
xviii Contents Canada 606 Governors-General 606 Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada!(1841) Canada West (1867) Ontario 606 Governors of Quebec 607 Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec 608 Governors of Nova Scotia 608 Governors of New Brunswick 609 Canada: Prime Ministers 609 Central America: Post-Independence National Leaders 611 Mexico 611 Federal Republic of Central America: 1823-1840 614 Presidents 615 Guatemala 616 Presidents 616 Honduras 617 El Salvador 619 Presidents 619 Nicaragua 621 Presidents 621 Costa Rica 623 Presidents 623 Haiti 634 Presidents!Monarchs 634 Dominican Republic 635 South America: Post-Independence National Leaders 638 Argentina 638 Presidents 639 Chile 641 Presidents 641 Paraguay 643 Presidents 643 Brazil 645 Presidents 645 Uruguay 645 Governors of the ‘Oriental Province’ 646 Presidents 646 Bolivia 648 Presidents 648 Peru 650 Presidents 650
Contents xix Ecuador 653 Presidents 653 Colombia 655 Presidents 655 Venezuela 657 Presidents 657 Index 661 |
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Contents Section One: Europe, Major States 1 England! Wales!Ireland 1 The Tudor Succession 1 The Protectorate Council of State, December 1653-April 1659 7 Restored Monarchy 9 Hanoverians and Windsors 10 Queens Consort of England!Great Britain! UK 13 British Governments: 1721-1914 14 Prime Ministers 14 English!British Secretaries of State, 1660-1782: Effectively Foreign Ministers 16 Secretaries of State for the Northern Department 16 Secretaries of State for Southern Department 20 Foreign Secretaries: From 1782 22 Secretaries of State for the Colonies 1854-1908 31 Secretaries of State: Scottish Department 33 Ireland - Lords Lieutenants, Governors, and Viceroys 1486-1905 33 Scotland to 1603: Sovereigns 39 Longest Reigns to 1707 39 Oldest Sovereigns to 1707 40 Shortest Reigns to 1707 40 Queens and Kings Consort of Scotland 40 Scottish Coronations 41 Section Two: Europe, States (1): West, Centre, North France 97 Sovereigns ofFrance 97 Bourbons 97 French Ministries 99 Constitutional Monarchy 99 Mar-Jun 1792 99 Jun-Aug 1792 99 97
vi Contents Aug 1792—Apr 1793: Republic: Jacobin!Girondin ‘Executive Committee’ 99 April 1793-Dec 1794: (Jacobin) Committee of Public Safety 100 The Directorate, Oct 1795-Nov 1799 100 Nov 1799-May 1804: Consulate 101 French Empire (1) 101 Sub-Kingdoms of the Napoleonic Empire 101 Monarchy: Bourbons 102 French Empire (2) 102 Monarchy: Bourbons 103 Bourbon-Orleans 103 Prime Ministers 104 French Empire (3) 104 Prime Ministers 105 Titular Heads of HouselKings 105 Bourbon 105 Bourbon-Orleans 105 France - Longest Reigns (Sixth Century to Twentieth Century) 106 Greatest Age Reached 106 Youngest To Assume Throne 107 Queens Consort of France 107 France - Presidentsfrom 1871 109 Prime Ministers From 1871 109 Sovereigns of Spain (And Naples Sicily To 1713, and Milan; Northern Netherlands!Dutch State to 1572, and Southern Netherlands!Belgium to 1713) and Mexico from 1519-1822; Peru from 1532 120 Spain ֊ Longest-Ruling Monarchs 123 Oldest Monarchs at Death 123 Youngest at Accession 123 Queens and Kings Consort of Spain 124 Spain: Presidents of Regency 125 Spain: Acting Presidents 126 Prime Ministers 126 Emperors of the Holy Roman EmpireiAustria-Hungary 130 Emperors of Austria 133 Longest-Ruling Emperors (from 800 to end of20th century) 134 Greatest Age Reached (from 800 to end of 20th century) 134 Youngest at Accession 134 Austria: Prime Ministers 135 Hungary: Prime Ministers 135 Imperial Coronation Dates 140 Empresses of Holy Roman Empire! (1806167) Austria-Hungary 141 Sovereigns of Portugal 143 Longest Reigns 145
Contents vii Greatest Age Reached 146 Youngest at Accession 146 QueensIKings-Consort of Portugal 146 Prime Ministers of Portugal 148 Kings!Queens Regnant of Poland 149 Longest Reigns 151 Oldest King at Death 152 Youngest King at Accession 152 Queens Consort of Poland 152 Livonian Order: Masters of the Knights 154 Rulers of the Netherlands 154 Holland!Netherlandsfrom 1572: Incorporates Belgium, 1815-30 154 Kingdom of Holland 156 Longest-Ruling Sovereigns 156 Oldest Sovereigns at Death 157 Youngest Sovereigns at Accession 157 Queens and Princes Consort of the Netherlands 157 Kings of the Belgians 160 Longest-Reigning Kings 160 Oldest at Death 160 Youngest at Accession 161 Queens Consort of the Belgians 161 Grand Dukes of Luxembourg 162 Kings!Queens Regnant of Hungary 162 Longest Reigns 165 Oldest-Surviving Monarchs 165 Youngest at Accession 165 Sovereigns of Bohemia 166 Longest Reigns 168 Oldest at Death 168 Youngest at Accession 168 Queens Consort of Bohemia 168 Sovereigns of Denmark (and Norway to 1814) 169 Longest Reigns 170 Oldest at Death 171 Youngest at Accession 171 Queens Consort of Denmark 171 Denmark: Prime Ministers 173 Sovereigns of Sweden 173 House of Bernadotte 176 Longest Reigns 176 Oldest at Death 177 Youngest at Accession 177 Queens Consort of Sweden 177
viii Contents Prime Ministers of Sweden 179 Sovereigns of Serbia 181 Princes to 1882, thence Kings 181 Princes of Serbia 182 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenesl(1929) Yugoslavia 183 Oldest at Death (Includes Medieval Princes!Kings) 183 Youngest at Accession (Ditto) 183 Queens Consort of Serbia! Yugoslavia 183 Kings and Princes of Bulgaria (Modern) 185 Queens Consort of Modern Bulgaria 185 Prime Ministers of Bulgaria 186 Sovereigns of Roumania: Prince to 1882, thence king 187 Queens Consort of Roumania 187 Sovereigns of Modern Greece 188 Modern Greek Queens Consort 189 Greece: Prime Ministers 190 Prince-Bishops!(1852) Princesl(1910) Kings of Montenegro 191 Longest Reigns 192 Oldest at Death 192 Youngest at Accession 192 Princes of Liechtenstein 193 Longest Reigns 194 Oldest at Death 194 Youngest at Accession 194 Princes of Monaco 194 Oldest at Death 196 Youngest at Accession 196 Grand Dukes of Moscow and Czars of All the Russias’ 197 Moscow 197 Longest Reigns 201 Oldest at Death 201 Youngest at Accession 201 Imperial Coronations 201 Czarinas of Russia 202 Chairmen of Council of Ministers, Russia 205 Foreign Ministers 205 Section Three: European States, Contd Counts of Savoy and Piedmontl(1714) Kings of Sardinial(1860) Kings of Italy 217 Queens Consort of Sardinia!Italy 219 Duchy of Montferrat (House of Paleologus, descendedfrom Byzantine Imperial Family) 220 217
Contents ix Longest Reigns - Montferrat 220 Carrara - Malaspina Dynasty 221 Longest Reigns in Carrara 221 Duchy of Milan: Sforza Dynasty 222 Dukes of Modena (and Ferrara to 1597): House of D’Este 222 Oldest at Death 224 Youngest at Accession 224 Duchesses of Modena 224 Margravate! (1530) Duchy of Mantua 224 House of Gonzaga 225 Dukes of Urbino 226 Montefeltro Family 226 Duchy (1533)IGrand Duchy (1569) of Florence 228 (Grand) Duchesses of Florence 230 Duchy of Parma 233 Doges of Venice 236 Duchy of Lucca 239 Kingdom of Naples and Sicily 240 House of Bourbon 241 Longest Reigns 242 Oldest at Death 242 Queens of Naples!(1815) the Two Sicilies 243 Popes (Bishops of Rome) 243 Longest-Serving Popes 246 Malta - Grand Masters of the Knights of St. John 249 Section Four: Rulers in Germany Electors of Brandenburg!(1701) Kings iniof Prussial(1871) German Emperors 251 Longest-Ruling Sovereigns of Brandenburg!Prussia! Germany 253 Oldest at Death 253 Youngest at Accession 253 Queens of Prussial(1871) Empresses of Germany 253 Ansbach!Bayreuth 255 Prussia-Dukes 255 Electors of Bavaria 259 Longest Reigns 261 Oldest at Death 261 Youngest at Accession 261 Electorate!(1806) Kingdom of Saxony 262 Saxony: Duchy (contd.) 263 House of Wettin 263 Longest Reigns 265 251
x Contents Oldest at Death 265 Youngest at Accession 266 Junior Saxon Duchies (Ernestine Line) 266 Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach and Coburg 266 Dukes of Saxe-Altenberg to 1672 (Union with Gotha) 267 Dukes of Saxe-Hildeburghausen!(1825) Altenberg 267 Dukes of Saxe-Gotha 268 Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld!(1826) Gotha 268 Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen 269 Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 270 Dukes!Grand Dukes of Baden 271 Baden-Durlach 271 Longest Reigns 273 Oldest at Death 273 Youngest at Accession 273 Dukes!(1806) Kings of Wurtemmberg 274 Longest Reigns 276 Oldest at Death 276 Youngest at Accession 276 ‘Counts Palatine of the Rhine’l(1356) Electors Palatine’ of the Palatinate 277 Neuberg!Zweibrucken: Counts and Dukes 278 Neuberg- Palatinate: Electors 278 Hesse: Grand Duchy of Hesse 278 Landgraves¡Grand Dukes ofHesse 278 Landgraves!(1803) Electors of Hesse-Cassel 279 Landgravesll(1806) Grand Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt 280 Duchy of Hesse-Homburg 282 Julich-Berg-Cleves (NWRhine) 283 Dukes of Cleves 283 Julich-Cleves 283 Duchy of Luneburg!Brunswick-Luneburg 284 Brunswick- Calenberg- Gottingen 284 Luneburg 284 Duchy of Wolfenbuttel 285 Duchy of Brunswick! Calenburg and Celle ( Luneburg 1598) 285 Duchy of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel 287 CountyIDuchy (1829 Grand Duchy) of Oldenburg 288 Dukes: 289 Dukes of Mecklenberg 290 Dukes/(1815) Grand Dukes of Mecklenberg (-Schwerin (1692)) 291 Dukes!(1815) Grand Dukes of Mecklenberg-Strelitz 292 Dukes!(1807) Grand Dukes ofAnhalt (-Dessau 1586) 293 Dukes of Anhalt-Zerbst 295
Contents xi Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp 295 Schleswig-Holstein and its Duchies 296 Glucksburg 296 Dukes of S. H. Sonderburg-Augustenburg 297 Dukes of S.H. Sonderburg-Glucksburg to 1779 297 Dukes of S. H. Sonderburg-BeckH(1825) Glucksburg 297 The Rhineland Episcopal Electorates 299 (1) Archbishop-Electors of Trier 299 (2) Archbishop-Electors of Cologne 299 (3) Archbishop-Electors of Mainz 301 Princes of Lippe 301 Schaumburg-Lippe 302 Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont 303 Tyrol 303 Habsburg Dukes of Tyrol (Upper Austria) 303 Dukes of Styria 304 Habsburg Dukes of Styria and Carinthia (Inner Austria) 304 Dukes of Lorraine 304 Dukes!Duchesses of Courland 306 Transylvania: Princes 307 Princes of Wallachia 308 Hospodars of Moldavia 312 Section Five: Sovereigns of the Islamic World Yemen: Qasimi Dynasty 317 ImamatelKingdom of the Yemen 318 Dynasties of Morocco 318 Wattasids 318 Sa did Dynasty 319 AlawidlAlouite Dynasty 320 Khanate of Kazan 323 Khanate of Astrakhan 325 Khanate of the Crimea ('Girai’ Dynasty) 325 Ottoman Sultanate 329 Mameluke Sultans 337 Egypt: Dynasty of Mohammed Ali 337 Tunisia 341 Deys under Ottoman Rule 341 Beys: Muradid Dynasty 343 Husainid Dynasty 343 Libya: Qaramanli Dynasty 345 Emirate of Tripolitania!Libya 346 Sharifs of Mecca 347 317
xii Contents Emirate of Nejd!Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 349 South Yemen - Sultanate of Lahej 351 South Yemen - Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 352 South Yemen - Sultanate of Beihan 352 South Yemen - Qu’ Uaiti Sultanate 352 South Yemen ֊ Wahidi Sultanate 353 Sultanate of Oman 353 (Al Ви Said Dynasty) 354 Persian Gulf States 355 Emirate of Abu Dhabi 355 Emirate ofDubai (Al-Makhtum Dynasty) 356 Sultanate of Sharjah (Qasimi Dynasty) 356 Ras-Al-Khaimah (Al-Qasimi Dynasty) 357 Umm Al-Qawayn 357 Qatar (Al Ви Thani’ Dynasty) 357 Bahrein (Al Ви Khalifa’ Dynasty) 358 Kuwait (Al Bu Sabah’ Dynasty) 359 Section Six: The Islamic World, Contd; Iran, Central Asia, India, SE Asia Iran 361 Safavid Dynasty 361 Afghan Dynasty (See Also Afghanistan) 363 Afshar Dynasty 363 Zand Dynasty 364 Qajar Dynasty 364 Afghanistan 366 Hotaki Dynasty (See Also Rulers of Iran) 366 Durrani Dynasty 367 Emirates!Khanates of Central Asia 370 Khanate of Khiva 370 Khanate of Bukhara 371 Haidarid Dynasty 371 Khanate of Samarkand 372 Shaibanid Dynasty 372 Janid Dynasty (Astrakhanidsj 372 Emirate of Ferghana 373 Khanate of Khokand 374 Khotan: Tuqluq Temurid Dynasty 375 Khotan - Khwaja Dynasty 375 Kashgar - Khwaja Dynasty 375 Mughal Empire 378 (Suri Afghans) 378 (Mughals) 379 361
Contents Mughal Imperial Wives, Including Empresses 380 British Rule of India 383 Presidents of the Madras Settlement, East India Company 383 Governors of Fort William! Calcutta 385 Governor ֊ Generals ofBengal!'Presidency of Fort William 385 Governor-Generals of India 386 Viceroys of India 386 Presidents of the Board of Control (India Board) 387 Longest-Serving Presidents of Board of Control 389 Secretaries of State for India, 1858-1948 (and Burma, 1935-48) 389 Longest-Serving Secretaries of State for India 390 Younges at Appointment 391 British Governors 391 Bombay: Governors of Presidency 391 Madras: Govenors of Presidency 392 North-West Province (Capital: Agra) andfrom 1902 Also Oudh, as United Provinces 392 Punjab: Lieutenant-Governors to 1921 393 South and East Asia 394 Vijayanagar Empire 394 Moslem Dynasties 396 Gujarat: Muzaffarid Dynasty 397 Khandesh: Farruqi Dynasty 398 Deccan: Bahmanid Dynasty 399 Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar 400 Malwa 401 Bidar: Barid Shahi Dynasty 401 Bijapur: Adil Shahi Dynasty 402 Sultans of Kashmir 402 Doghra Dynasty 403 Golconda: Qutb Shahi Dynasty 404 Berar: Imad Shahi Dynasty 405 Hindu 'Maratha’ Confederacy 406 Hereditary Chief Ministers ('Peshwas’) of Maratha Conf.Bhonsle Dynasty 407 Maharajas of Jaipur!Amber 408 Maharajahs of MewarlUdaipur 409 Rajahs!(1708) Maharajahs of Jodhpur 411 Rulers of Jaisalmer 414 Moslem Governors for Mughals 414 ‘Nawabs’ of Bengal 414 Nawabs of AwadhIOudh 416 Nizams of Hyderabad 417 Baroda: Gaekwad Dynasty (Marathas) 418 xiii
xiv Contents Indore: Maratha Dynasty 419 Gwalior: Scindia Dynasty (Marathas) 420 Rajahs (1852 Maharajahs) of Bikaner 421 Maharajahas of Coch Behar (Assam) 423 Narayan Dynasty of West (Coch/Koch) Behar 423 MysorelMisura 424 Sikh Maharajahs of Lahore 426 Rajahs of Kangra 428 Minor Lines, Vassals to British 429 Dynasty of Chitral: Katar Family 429 Yusufzai Dynasty of Swat 430 Nepal 431 Malla Dynasty of Katmandu 431 Nepal ֊ Gorkhas (Shah Dynasty) 432 CeyloniSri Lanka 434 Kingdom of Cotte!(1565) Columba 434 Kingdom of Badulla!(1630) Kandy 434 Sultanate of the Maldives 435 Section Seven: Southeast and East Asia Burma!Myanmar 437 Mon Kingdom of Pegu (Hamsawaddy Dynasty) 437 Kingdom of Ava (Innwa) 437 Tungoo Dynasty 438 Alaungpaya Dynasty 439 Principal Queens Consort of Burma 440 Tungoo Dynasty 440 Alaungpaya Dynasty 441 British Colony of Burma: Chief Commissioners ofLower Burma! Burma and (1897) Lieutenant-Governors of Burma 442 Kingdoms of Thailand 443 Ayuthia!Ayodhya 444 Rama (Chakri) Dynasty of Bangkok 445 Queens!Princesses Consort of Thailand: Chakri Dynasty 446 Malaysia: Sultanates and Other Kingdoms 447 Sultanate of Pahang 448 Sultans of Kedah 448 Sultanate of Johore 449 Sultans of Perak 451 Sultans of Trengganu 453 Sultans of Selangor 453 Rajahs of Perlis 454 Sultans of Kelantan 454 437
Contents XV Rulers of the ‘Negri Sembilan (‘Nine States’) Federation: (‘Yang Di-Pertuan) 454 Rajahdom of Sarawak 455 Former States of Malay Straits and Indonesia 456 Sultanate of AchehlAceh 456 Sultans of Bantam (Java) 457 Sultanate of Demak 458 Sultans of Mataram 458 Jogjakarta 459 Sultanate ofBrunei 461 Kingdom of Cambodia 462 Vietnam 466 Later Le Dynasty 466 Trinh Lords of Northern Vietnam 468 Kingdom ofAnnam: Nguyen Dynasty 469 Emperors of Vietnam: Kay Son Dynasty 469 Emperors of Vietnam: Nguyen Dynasty 470 Laos 471 Kingdom of Lan Chang 471 Kingdom of Luang Prabang: Lan Chang Dynasty 471 Kingdom of Bhutan 473 Sikkim: Namgyal Dynasty 473 Kingdom of Tibet 474 MongolsITibet: Khans of the Kalkhas and Chauhars 475 Khans of the Oirats 476 Dalai Lamas 477 China: Ming Dynasty 479 Ming Claimants in Southern China 480 Qin (Ch’in) ManchuDynasty 480 Rulers of Manchuria, Using the Imperial Title 481 Qin Dynasty in China 481 Empresses of China: Ming 483 Empresses: Manelius!Qing, China from 1644 483 ManchulQin Dynasty 486 Kingdom of Ladakh (TibetUndia) 488 Kingdoms ofKorea 489 ChosonUoseon Dynasty 490 Queens!Empresses ofKorea 491 Japan: Emperors 494 Yamato Dynasty 494 Dynasty at Kyoto 495 Modern Era: Capital at Tokyo (Edo) 496 Japan: Empresses Consort 496 Japan: Shoguns 497
xvi Contents Tokugawa Shoguns 498 Capital at Tokyo 498 Sultans of Sulu (Philippines) 500 Section Eight: Australia/New Zealand/Oceania, Africa, The Americas African Sovereigns 503 Ethiopia (a.k.a. Abyssinia) 503 Sultans!Emirs of Adal and Harar (Ethiopia) 508 Sultanate of Kilwa (Tanzania) 509 Mombasa (Kenya) 511 Mazrui ‘Shaikhs’ 511 Zanzibar: Al Ви Said Dynasty 511 Kingdom of Buganda (Uganda) 512 Kingdom of Rwanda 514 Kingdom of (B)Urundi 515 Minor Kingdoms of North- West Tanzania 516 Sudan 516 Funj Dynasty of Sennar 517 Sultans of Darfur 519 Kanem-Bornu State (Chad) 519 Fulani Sultanatel Caliphate of Sokoto 522 Rulers at Sokoto 523 Emirs of Gwandu 523 Rulers of the Hausa States (Nigeria) 524 Katsina 524 Kano: Fulani Emirs 525 Daura 525 llorín (S. Nigeria) 526 Kingdom of Oyo 526 Kingdom of Benin: Obas’ (Kings) 528 British Vassals 529 Dahomey (Benin) 530 Songhai Empire of Gao (Niger) 531 Kingdom ofAshanti (Ghana) 532 Kingdom of OugadougoidWagadougou (Burkina Fasso) 534 Bambara States of West Mali 535 Kaarta: Kings 535 Kingdom of'Monomatapa’ (Mwene Mutapa) 536 Ndebele (Matabele) Kings 538 Lesotho 538 Swaziland!Mswatini 539 Zulu Kingdom 540 Congo: Ba-Kongo Kingdom 541 503
Contents xvii Shaba: Luba Kingdoms and Lunda Empire 545 British Colonial Authorities: Africa 547 Governors of the ‘Gold Coast’ (Ghana) 547 Governors of Sierra Leone 548 Commissioners of the Niger Protectorate 549 High Commissioners of Southern Nigeria 549 H. C. of Northern Nigeria Protectorate 549 Governors!Commissioners of Uganda 550 Governors of Nyasaland (Aka Central African Protectorate) 550 Governors of Bechuanaland 550 Governors of British Mashonaland 550 Governors of British North Zambezia 550 British South Africa: Prime Ministers 550 Independent Boer Republic of South Africa! Transvaal Republic 551 Madagascar 553 (1) Local Kingdoms 553 (2): Merina Empire 554 Pacific Ocean 555 Australia 555 Provincial Premiers 558 New South Wales 558 Victoria 559 South Australia 560 Tasmania 561 New Zealand: Maori 563 (1) Ngati Tuwharetoa 563 (2) Waikato: ‘Kings’ 563 New Zealand: British Colony: Prime Ministers 565 Governors (Gov-Generalfrom 1917) 566 Kingdom of Hawaii 567 Kingdom of Tonga 569 Tui Tonga Rulers 570 Kings 571 Americas 572 Aztec ‘Great Speakers’ 572 Emperors of Brazil 574 Inca Rulers (Peru) 575 North America 577 British Colonies of North America 577 United States of America 595 Presidents 595 United States: Vice-Presidents 597 USA: Secretaries of State 599
xviii Contents Canada 606 Governors-General 606 Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada!(1841) Canada West (1867) Ontario 606 Governors of Quebec 607 Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec 608 Governors of Nova Scotia 608 Governors of New Brunswick 609 Canada: Prime Ministers 609 Central America: Post-Independence National Leaders 611 Mexico 611 Federal Republic of Central America: 1823-1840 614 Presidents 615 Guatemala 616 Presidents 616 Honduras 617 El Salvador 619 Presidents 619 Nicaragua 621 Presidents 621 Costa Rica 623 Presidents 623 Haiti 634 Presidents!Monarchs 634 Dominican Republic 635 South America: Post-Independence National Leaders 638 Argentina 638 Presidents 639 Chile 641 Presidents 641 Paraguay 643 Presidents 643 Brazil 645 Presidents 645 Uruguay 645 Governors of the ‘Oriental Province’ 646 Presidents 646 Bolivia 648 Presidents 648 Peru 650 Presidents 650
Contents xix Ecuador 653 Presidents 653 Colombia 655 Presidents 655 Venezuela 657 Presidents 657 Index 661 |
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| spelling | Venning, Timothy 1959- (DE-588)132079070 com aut A compendium of world sovereigns Volume 3 Early Modern Timothy Venning London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2023 xix, 665 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Early Modern volume begins with Eastern and Western Europe and moves through the Ottoman Empire, South and East Asia, Africa, and ends in Central and South America. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume III Early Modern provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support their studies and to fact check dates, people, and places. (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content (DE-604)BV049102402 3 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 2024 978-1-03-236201-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00-333070-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034363916&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Venning, Timothy 1959- A compendium of world sovereigns |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006804-3 (DE-588)4006432-3 |
| title | A compendium of world sovereigns |
| title_auth | A compendium of world sovereigns |
| title_exact_search | A compendium of world sovereigns |
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| title_full | A compendium of world sovereigns Volume 3 Early Modern Timothy Venning |
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| title_sort | a compendium of world sovereigns early modern |
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